![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/z-2018-Images\/238.JPG\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
KU\u015eHA Faruk \u00d6zden<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Toplumsal ya\u015fam nas\u0131l dura\u011fan de\u011filse, xabze de dura\u011fan de\u011fildir. Xabzeyi dura\u011fan, statik ve de\u011fi\u015fmez kabul etmek xabze ye en b\u00fcy\u00fck ihanettir.<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal \u00e7alkant\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 18 ve 19 y\u00fczy\u0131llarda en \u00e7ok etkilenenlerden olmu\u015ftur \u00c7erkes toplumu ve \u00c7erkesya. D\u00fcnya da b\u00fcy\u00fck alt \u00fcst olu\u015flar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Kafkasya’y\u0131 ayr\u0131 tutamay\u0131z her halde.<\/p>\n Feodalizmin tasfiye s\u00fcrecine girmesiyle merkezi krall\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi Avrupa’da yeni bir sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: Burjuvazi.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n deniz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri elde etmesiyle Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkeleri b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye birikimlerine sahne olmu\u015ftur. Bat\u0131 Avrupa’da bir taraftan sermaye sahibi olarak burjuvazi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken \u0130ngiltere’de oldu\u011fu gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de aristokratlar sermaye sahibi olarak da g\u00fc\u00e7lerini devam ettirdiler. Orta Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde denizcili\u011fin olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle deniz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerden pay alamad\u0131lar. \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131 ise yay\u0131lma alan\u0131 \u00d6zellikle toplumsal b\u00fcy\u00fck alt \u00fcst olu\u015flar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 18 ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00c7erkes toplumunda da o zamana kadar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 dinamiklerle de\u011fi\u015fmesi gereken toplumsal yap\u0131, d\u0131\u015f dinamiklerle h\u0131zl\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fime zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Avrupa’da, Fransa’da ba\u015flayan Burjuva Devrimi etkilerini \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131nda g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Burada Avrupa Burjuvazisi ile ilgili k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir saptama da bulunmak istiyorum: Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve aristokrasiyi deviren Frans\u0131z Burjuvazisi y\u00f6netime gelir gelmez, eski aristokratlar\u0131 taklit etmi\u015ftir. Ordu i\u00e7inde y\u00fckselen ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenen generaller y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Bonapart generalli\u011finden sonra M\u0131s\u0131r Seferi ertesi mare\u015fal olmu\u015f ve nihayetinde kendisini imparator ilan etmi\u015ftir. Y\u00f6netici aristokrasisi kalmayan veya g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015fen Benelux \u00fclkelerinde Bonapart, y\u00f6netime kral olarak kendi yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Benzer uygulamalar Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tek istisnas\u0131 generalli\u011fe y\u00fckselen askerler aristokratlardan, yani Romal\u0131 yurtta\u015flardan idi.<\/p>\n Napolyon’un yenilmesi ile tekrar g\u00fc\u00e7 toplayan Avrupa aristokrasisi kendi aralar\u0131na Osmanl\u0131’y\u0131 da katarak, K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131’nda yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7lerin m\u00fccadelesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flarda \u00c7erkesya ve Kafkas halklar\u0131 i\u00e7in olumlu y\u00f6nleri var gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcyse de felaketlerini h\u0131zland\u0131ran bir etken olmu\u015ftur. Sonunda da b\u00fcy\u00fck felaket.<\/p>\n Frans\u0131z Burjuva Devrimi ve onu takip eden Sanayi Devrimi etkisini \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131nda k\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. K\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fen Rus eski k\u00f6lelerine yeni tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131 kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00c7erkesya’n\u0131n insans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n Aradaki tarihi geli\u015fim ile ilgili bu hat\u0131rlatmadan sonra esas konumuz olan xabze de\u011ferlendirmelerine d\u00f6nebiliriz.<\/p>\n Daha \u00f6nceleri de\u011ferlendirmelerimizde xabze ve siyasi yap\u0131lanmadan s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftik.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkesya’daki siyasi yap\u0131y\u0131, zay\u0131f y\u00f6netim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan devletle\u015fememi\u015f sistem olarak nitelendirebiliriz. Devletle\u015fememi\u015ftir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daimi bir silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ve onu y\u00f6neten siyasi bir irade yoktur.<\/p>\n E\u011fer ki, siyasi irade ve onun emrinde daimi silahl\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olsayd\u0131, siyasi irade otoritesini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kurdu\u011fu silahl\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in vergi salmas\u0131 gerekirdi.<\/p>\n Siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergilerle hem d\u00fczenli bir ordu olu\u015fturur, hem de otoritesini kabul ettirmek i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmet binas\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirirdi.<\/p>\n Siyasi otoritenin gev\u015fekli\u011finin yerine toplumu y\u00f6neten y\u00f6nlendiren; gerekti\u011finde anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zen, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir sistem olarak xabzeyi g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n Xabzeyi yapmak (xabze \u011fauv\u0131n) toplumca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen eylemler sonucu idi. KUŞHA Faruk Özden Toplumsal yaşam nasıl durağan değilse, xabze de durağan değildir. Xabzeyi durağan, statik ve değişmez kabul etmek xabze ye en büyük ihanettir. Büyük toplumsal çalkantıların yaşandığı 18 ve 19 yüzyıllarda en çok etkilenenlerden olmuştur Çerkes toplumu ve Çerkesya. Dünya da büyük alt üst oluşların yaşandığı dönemde Kafkasya’yı ayrı tutamayız her halde. Feodalizmin tasfiye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xabze","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10354"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10354\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10356,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10354\/revisions\/10356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nolarak Kafkasya ve Asya’y\u0131 kendisine hedef se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
\nXabze yap\u0131c\u0131 olarak toplumun temsilcilerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu meclise xase<\/b> denirdi. Xasenin wunafe (oturum) toplant\u0131s\u0131\/toplant\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu var\u0131lan karara \u011fauva xabze (olu\u015fturulan\/kabul edilen) olarak topluma duyurulurdu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"