{"id":10395,"date":"2020-03-18T11:09:23","date_gmt":"2020-03-18T16:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=10395"},"modified":"2021-03-09T17:42:07","modified_gmt":"2021-03-09T23:42:07","slug":"abazalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/abazalar\/","title":{"rendered":"ABAZALAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Prof. B.H. Akba\u015fev
\n<\/strong>Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7erkes Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n

Adigeler, Abhazlar, Abazalar tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde zorlamayla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve b\u00f6lme politikas\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olup ger\u00e7ekte hepsi tek bir halkt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Aralar\u0131nda zaman i\u00e7erisinde olu\u015fturulmu\u015f b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klara ve Sovyet d\u00f6neminde \u00f6zellikle gayret edilen ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n gerek dil gerekse etnik ve tarihsel k\u00f6ken olarak birbirlerinden hi\u00e7 bir farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya gidilmesinin nedeni tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde olu\u015fan co\u011frafi ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kullanarak halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 par\u00e7alamak, bunlar\u0131n her biri ayr\u0131 birer halkm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stererek birbirinden kopart\u0131p uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve nihai hedefte asimile etmek \u00e7abas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel k\u00f6keni, dili, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131 olan Adigelerden bizim de bu \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131larak s\u00f6zetmemizin nedeni k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve etnik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fil, yaln\u0131z ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgelerin fakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu g\u00fcn i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 cumhuriyetler olarak devam etmeleri nedeniyledir.<\/p>\n

Adigeler, Abhazlar, Abazalar ayn\u0131 tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve dili kullanan ve temeli ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kenden gelen bir tek ulusun unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarih<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kendi dillerinde Abaza, Rus\u00e7a\u2019da Abazini. Abazalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Zelen\u00e7uk, Kuban ve Kuma nehirlerinin yukar\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015farlar. Adige Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin do\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde de biraz Abaza vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Abazalar kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n yerli halk\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar ilk olarak Tuapse b\u00f6lgesinde, bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc Abhazya’n\u0131n biraz kuzeyinde Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdi. 14. ve 16.y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. Ancak \u00e7ok az bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 1864’e de\u011fin eski ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan di\u011fer insanlar gibi Abazalar da ilk y\u0131llarda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul ettiler \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabulleri ise bat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Nogaylar ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfuzu alt\u0131na girdiklerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Abazalar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 17.y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130slam’\u0131 kabul etmelerine kar\u015f\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k bir s\u00fcre daha taraftar bulmu\u015f ve sonunda 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u00a0 ortalar\u0131nda Abazalar\u0131n tamam\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Abazalar aras\u0131nda iki b\u00fcy\u00fck kabile vard\u0131r Tapanta (ovada oturanlar) ve \u015ekaraua (da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgede oturanlar).<\/p>\n

\u015eeyh \u015eamil’in liderli\u011finde 1834-1859 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda devam eden m\u00fcrit direni\u015fleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda Tapanta kabilesi genellikle Rus taraf\u0131n\u0131 tutarken \u015ekaraua, \u015eamil’i desteklemi\u015ftir. M\u00fcritler yenilince binlerce \u015ekaraua \u00fcyesi T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. En kalabal\u0131k g\u00f6\u00e7 ise 1862-64 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1926 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Abaza kavram\u0131 hi\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n B\u00f6lgesel Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusun % 82.2\u2019si Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesk’de, % 2.2\u2019si eski SSCB’nin di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Ancak Abhaz Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilan\u0131ndan sonra bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f ise de kesin say\u0131 bilinmemektedir.
\n Kent -K\u0131rsal Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusun % 87.9\u2019u k\u0131rsal kesimde , % 12.1’i kentlerde ya\u015far.<\/p>\n

Okuma Yazma Oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abaza Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde okuma-yazma oran\u0131 % 99’un \u00fczerindedir. Ancak bunlar\u0131n e\u011fitim durumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin detay bilgiler yoktur.
\nDil<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abazaca, Kafkas dillerinin kuzey-bat\u0131 gurubuna i\u00e7indedir. Abhaz-Adige alt gurubundand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Abazaca ve Abhazca o kadar i\u00e7 i\u00e7e girmi\u015flerdir ki nerede ise ayn\u0131 dilin leh\u00e7eleri olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Ancak Sovyet d\u00f6neminde ayr\u0131 edebiyat dilleri olarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir. Abaza dilinin Abazalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki ana co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeden kaynaklanan iki leh\u00e7esi vard\u0131r (Tapanta ve \u015ekaraua). Ancak bu g\u00fcn Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Tapanta Abazalar\u0131d\u0131r ve edebiyat dili bunlar\u0131n leh\u00e7esi \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki \u00fcnl\u00fc ve yetmi\u015fin \u00fczerinde \u00fcns\u00fcz harfi ile Abaza dili olduk\u00e7a zor bir fonolojik yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Eski Sovyetlerde konu\u015fulan y\u00fczden fazla dilin, foneti\u011fi en zor olan\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak 18.y\u00fczy\u0131lda akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusu olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Abaza dili \u00fczerine ciddi ve detayl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ancak yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131labilmi\u015ftir.
\nE\u011fitim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abazalar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde Abazaca se\u00e7meli ders olarak okutulmakta, temel e\u011fitim Rus\u00e7a yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yine Abaza dilinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yay\u0131n vard\u0131r. Ancak bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 biri bilimsel ya da teknik ders kitab\u0131 niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

1922-23 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Abaza alfabesi olu\u015fturuluncaya kadar Abazaca yaz\u0131 dili de\u011fildi. Bu tarihten \u00f6ncesi yaln\u0131z transkripsiyon \u015feklinde yaz\u0131l\u0131yordu. 1933-1938 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Latin harfleri , 1938 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra ise Kiril harfleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. B.H. Akbaşev Uluslararası Çerkes Birliği Başkanı Adigeler, Abhazlar, Abazalar tarihsel süreç içerisinde zorlamayla oluşturulmuş bir farklılaştırma ve bölme politikasının sonucu olup gerçekte hepsi tek bir halktır. Aralarında zaman içerisinde oluşturulmuş bölgesel farklılıklara ve Sovyet döneminde özellikle gayret edilen ayrıştırma politikasına karşın gerek dil gerekse etnik ve tarihsel köken olarak birbirlerinden hiç bir farklılıkları yoktur. 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