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Fehim Ta\u015ftekin \u00d6ns\u00f6z \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131, 1994-1996 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc birinci sava\u015f\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mdan kurtulamadan 5 Eyl\u00fcl 1999\u2019da ikinci bir felakete s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi.<\/p>\n Kaliteli petrol rezervleri ve boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n transit ge\u00e7i\u015f g\u00fczergah\u0131 olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan stratejik bir \u00f6nem arz eden, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n 16 bin kilometrekarelik y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcml\u00fc bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck cumhuriyeti ikinci kez Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgaline u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131n\u0131 resmen temsil etmeyen bir grup \u00c7e\u00e7enin Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da giri\u015fti\u011fi faaliyetler, Rus ordusunun \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019a girmesine gerek\u00e7e yap\u0131ld\u0131. Kald\u0131 ki Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019daki olaylar \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n Aslan Mashadov liderli\u011findeki yasal y\u00f6netimce de onaylanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n 31 A\u011fustos, 9 ve 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1999 tarihlerinde Moskova\u2019da, 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1999\u2019da Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019\u0131n Buynaksk b\u00f6lgesinde ve 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1999 Volgadonsk kentinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ter\u00f6r eylemleri kamuoyunu \u00c7e\u00e7enistan hareketine haz\u0131r hale getirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak bu eylemlerle ilgili olarak yakalanan ki\u015filer Rusya makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f de\u011fil. \u00dcstelik Rusya istihbarat servisi FSB, \u201ceylemlerin tertip\u00e7isi\u201d olarak su\u00e7lanmaktan kurtulamam\u0131\u015fken yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreci hala bas\u0131na kapal\u0131 olarak i\u015flemektedir.<\/p>\n Ve d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun tepkilerini bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de ba\u015flat\u0131lan askeri harekete \u201canti-ter\u00f6r operasyonu\u201d ad\u0131 verildi. Ancak gelinen noktada \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek asla abart\u0131l\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r: \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da iddia edildi\u011fi gibi ter\u00f6r de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn sivil halk\u0131 hedef alan bir sava\u015f s\u00f6z konusudur. Bunun ad\u0131 da en basitinden katliamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Buna ek olarak bu yeni sava\u015fa g\u00f6sterilen gerek\u00e7elere bir de \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n \u201cfidye i\u00e7in adam ka\u00e7\u0131rma\u201d gibi ter\u00f6r faaliyetlerinin oda\u011f\u0131 durumuna getirilmesi \u00e7abas\u0131 eklenmi\u015ftir. Hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde desteklenmesi olas\u0131 olmayan bu ter\u00f6r giri\u015fimleri, bir ulusun toptan yok edilmesi i\u00e7in asla gerek\u00e7e olamaz. Ancak Rusya insan haklar\u0131n\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve \u00c7e\u00e7enistan ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikili anla\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneyerek \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da katliamlar yapmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019a b\u00f6ylesi bir hareket ba\u015flat\u0131lmakla d\u00f6nemin Rusya Federasyonu Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Boris Yeltsin ve \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130\u00e7kerya Cumhuriyeti Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Aslan Mashadov\u2019un 1996\u2019da Hasavyurt\u2019ta iki ayr\u0131 devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 olarak imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fma ve ard\u0131ndan imzalanan\u00a0 di\u011fer t\u00fcm ikili anla\u015fmalar hi\u00e7e say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7enistan, 1994-1996 aras\u0131nda bir milyon civar\u0131nda olan n\u00fcfusunun 120 binini sava\u015fa kurban vermi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde 25 bin insan\u0131n da toplama kamplar\u0131nda i\u015fkenceden ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Toplama kamplar\u0131nda i\u015fkence g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 da 17 bin olarak ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7enlere Verilmeyen F\u0131rsat Dikkatlerden ka\u00e7an en \u00f6nemli konulardan birisi de \u015fudur: Rusya, \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin \u00fczerine giydirdi\u011fi bu felaket z\u0131rh\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131p atmas\u0131na f\u0131rsat vermemi\u015ftir. 1996\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ambargo ile tamamen ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u00fclke istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ortam\u0131na \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin yuvas\u0131 yap\u0131lmak istenmi\u015ftir. Burada en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorumluluk elbette Rusya\u2019ya aittir.<\/p>\n 1991\u2019deki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da 42 \u00fclkenin g\u00f6zlemcileri ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n denetimi alt\u0131nda devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yasal bir iktidar g\u00f6reve ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Rusya, 1996 ve 1997\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla ilk sava\u015fta sanayisinin y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini kaybeden, kentleri harabeye d\u00f6nen \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n yeniden imar\u0131 i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m s\u00f6zlerde bulunmu\u015f ancak bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birini yerine getirmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Yerle bir olmu\u015f altyap\u0131 ve alt\u00fcst olmu\u015f bir ekonomiyle ancak bu y\u0131k\u0131ma neden olan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini yerine getirmesiyle ba\u015f etmesi olas\u0131 olan \u00c7e\u00e7enistan, ikinci bir operasyon ile yeni bedeller \u00f6demek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Felaketin G\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen Y\u00fcz\u00fc \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n derin yaras\u0131 d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna yans\u0131t\u0131landan kat kat fazla olmakla birlikte uluslararas\u0131 toplumun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve kavray\u0131\u015f alan\u0131na girmeyi ba\u015farabilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n \u0130ki y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde havadan ve karadan yap\u0131lan operasyonlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra toplama kamplar\u0131ndaki i\u015fkenceler sonucu \u00f6len insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 100 bine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n Sivilleri y\u0131ld\u0131rmaya ve \u00c7e\u00e7ensiz bir \u00c7e\u00e7enya<\/em> yaratmaya endeksli vah\u015fi sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde 78 bin insan\u0131n tutukland\u0131ktan sonra getirildikleri toplama kamplar\u0131nda i\u015fkenceden ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi ve bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e7emberi<\/em>nden ge\u00e7emeyip ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi kamuoyundan gizlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ger\u00e7eklerdir.<\/p>\n Ancak medya ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na izin verilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece bu tabloyu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6rmesi pek olas\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130leti\u015fim ambargosuna kar\u015f\u0131n art\u0131k geli\u015fmelerden haberdar olan Rusya kamuoyu bile sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir pozisyon almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Moskova\u2019daki insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Memorial ve Asker Anneleri Komitesi gibi sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, Rus kamuoyunun sa\u011fduyulu tepkisini giri\u015ftikleri protesto g\u00f6sterileri, imza kampanyalar\u0131 ve haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 raporlarla ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya kamuoyuna yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla dahi \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da en a\u011f\u0131r insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, soyk\u0131r\u0131ma varan askeri operasyonlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmek ve vah\u015fetin eri\u015fti\u011fi tabloyu alg\u0131lamak olas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnya medyas\u0131, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 istihbarat servisi FSB\u2019nin s\u0131k\u0131 denetimleri nedeniyle Urusmartan, \u00c7ernokozovo, PAP1, PAP5, Doykar-Oyl, Hankale, Naur ve Mozdok gibi toplama kamplar\u0131nda olup bitenleri g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 yakalayabilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Vah\u015fi Sava\u015f\u0131n \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa Arma\u011fan\u0131: M\u00fclteciler Sava\u015f\u0131n bizim \u00fczerimize b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer dram ise m\u00fclteci sorunudur. \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131 m\u00fclteci konumuna d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve bug\u00fcn kendi topraklar\u0131nda yok edilen geleceklerinin geri verilmesini istemektedirler.<\/p>\n \u0130ngu\u015fetya, G\u00fcrcistan, Ad\u0131gey, Polonya, \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, T\u00fcrkiye ve Stavropol\u2019daki m\u00fclteci kamplar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan insanl\u0131k trajedisini s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle anlatmak g\u00fc\u00e7. Ayr\u0131ca Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kuzey Osetya, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes, Da\u011f\u0131stan ve Kabardey-Balkar gibi bir\u00e7ok yerde de binlerce m\u00fclteci \u00e7ok zor ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda sava\u015f\u0131n bir an \u00f6nce bitmesini bekliyor.<\/p>\n Kaybolan \u0130nsanlar \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lardan biri de kaybolan insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k binlerle ifade edilir hale gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sivil yerle\u015fim birimlerine d\u00fczenlenen operasyonlarda ve askeri kontrol noktalar\u0131nda tutuklanan insanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kay\u0131plara kar\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcne kadar kendisinden hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde haber al\u0131namayan 10 bine yak\u0131n insandan bahsedilmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra toplama kamplar\u0131nda hala tutulan insan say\u0131s\u0131 15 bindir. Ceset Ticareti<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da tutuklanan insanlar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in para istendi\u011fi, bununla yetinilmeyip \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen ki\u015filerin cesetlerinin yak\u0131nlar\u0131na 100 ile 3000 dolar aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen \u00fccretlerle sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en yak\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131k aram\u0131zda dola\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n S\u00f6z konusu fidye \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli tan\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi \u00c7e\u00e7enistan Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakan\u0131 Omar Khanbiyev\u2019dir. Khanbiyev, kendisini akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n istenilen fidyeyi kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 \u00fczerine g\u00fcnlerce tutuldu\u011fu \u00c7ernokoszova i\u015fkence kamp\u0131ndan kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015faran \u015fansl\u0131 insanlardan biri saymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz fidye \u00e7ark\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle i\u015flemektedir: Ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan ya da tutuklanarak toplama kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen insanlar\u0131n ailelerinden maddi durumuna g\u00f6re fidye istenmektedir. \u0130stenilen para miktar\u0131 100 ile 3000 dolar aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Fidyesi \u00f6denmeyen ki\u015fileri bekleyen, \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e7ukurlar\u0131<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen i\u015fkence yerlerinden ba\u015fka bir yer de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fkenceye yenik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerin cesetleri ise yak\u0131nlar\u0131na parayla sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin geleneklerinde sava\u015f\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131na ald\u0131r\u0131\u015f etmeksizin \u00f6len insan\u0131n cesedini t\u00f6renle g\u00f6mmenin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yeri oldu\u011funu bilen Ruslar, bunu f\u0131rsat bilerek i\u015fi ticarete d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015flerdir. Ruslar, \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen akrabalar\u0131na son g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in mutlaka para \u00f6deyeceklerinden eminler.<\/p>\n Kambiyev, fidye \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fini \u015f\u00f6yle detayland\u0131r\u0131yor:<\/p>\n “\u00c7e\u00e7enler g\u00f6zalt\u0131ndayken \u00f6l\u00fcrse, \u00f6nce cesetler yok ediliyor ve sonra onlar\u0131n sa\u011f olarak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin belgeler d\u00fczenleniyor. E\u011fer bu \u00e7arktan sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kan y\u00fczde on i\u00e7indeyseniz, o zaman gidece\u011finiz yer bellidir: \u00c7ernokozovo toplama kamp\u0131. Ve i\u015fte orada fidye isteme \u00e7ark\u0131 yeniden i\u015flemeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Fidye al\u0131namazsa, bu sefer yine i\u015fkence devreye giriyor. G\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcnceye dek bu \u00e7ark b\u00f6yle d\u00f6n\u00fcyor” diyor.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca toplu mezarlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan cesetler a\u00e7\u0131k bir alanda te\u015fhir ediliyor. E\u011fer cenazesini almak isteyen birileri cenazeyi g\u00f6rmek istiyorsa pe\u015finen 100-200 dolar hara\u00e7 vermek zorunda kal\u0131yor. Bunun ad\u0131 \u201cceset te\u015fhis paras\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n Toplu Mezarlar Uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan toplu mezarlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da tespit edilenlerden esirgemesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri kaybolan insanlar\u0131n cesetleri 2001\u2019in ilk aylar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak toplu mezarlardan \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bu \u015fok edici geli\u015fmeler Rusya Federasyonu\u2019na hesap sorma s\u00fcrecinin yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ancak k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u201csorgulay\u0131c\u0131 ak\u0131l\u201d yeniden devreden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 25 \u015eubat 2001, ikinci sava\u015f\u0131n ilk sava\u015f su\u00e7unu belgeleyen\u00a0 ilk toplu mezar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. 200 sivilin g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu toplu mezar Caharkale\u2019de Rus \u00fcss\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu Hankale\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezardaki insanlar\u0131n elleri, ayaklar\u0131 ve g\u00f6zlerinin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu toplu mezar\u0131n \u015fokunu atlatamayan \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131, 50 ki\u015filik ikinci bir toplu mezarla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ro\u015fni-\u00e7u\u2019da bulunan mezarda 1 ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ifade edilen bir de bebe\u011fin cesedi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f su\u00e7u say\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bu mezarlara 14 Nisan 2001\u2019de Caharkale\u2019nin Avturhanovski il\u00e7esinde \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015filik bir mezar, 1 May\u0131s 2001\u2019de Caharkale\u2019nin Da\u00e7ni yerle\u015fim merkezinde i\u00e7 organlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cesetlerle dolu bir ba\u015fka toplu mezar, 4 May\u0131s 2001\u2019de Hankale\u2019de 35 ki\u015filik bir mezar daha eklendi.<\/p>\n 05 May\u0131s 2001 tarihinde yine Caharkale\u2019de karakol olarak kullan\u0131lan bir binan\u0131n giri\u015finde 2 \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine yol a\u00e7an patlama yeni bir \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc facian\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131: Patlaman\u0131n nedenini ara\u015ft\u0131ran g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri, binan\u0131n bodrumunda \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 70 ki\u015finin cesediyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n May\u0131s ay\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Caharkale\u2019de Oktyabirski b\u00f6lgesinde bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine kadar karakol olarak kullan\u0131lan binan\u0131n bah\u00e7esinde 17 ceset g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n 30 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Aleroy k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan bir mezardan 56 ki\u015finin cesedi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rken 15 Ekim\u2019de de Avturhanovskoye b\u00f6lgesinde 50 ki\u015filik yeni bir toplu mezar bulundu. Mezardan \u00c7\u0131kan Organ Mafyas\u0131 Toplu mezarlar ba\u015fka bir ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan cesetler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan otopsiler, insanlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce i\u015fkenceye tabi tutuldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha deh\u015fet verici bir sonuca ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131: Cesetlerde i\u00e7 organlar yerlerinde de\u011fildi. Peki ne olmu\u015ftu bu organlara?<\/p>\n \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen insanlar\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 mafyaya sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131 organlar\u0131n da laboratuarlarda t\u0131bbi deney malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi. \u00d6zellikle kaybolan ya da tutuklanarak toplama kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen ard\u0131ndan izlerine toplu mezarlarda rastlanan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun gen\u00e7 ve \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta olmas\u0131 bu iddialar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu kuvvetlendirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mafya yorgun olmayan organlar pe\u015findeydi.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bu iddialar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131racak uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z komisyon kuruldu\u011fu takdirde kamuoyu ayd\u0131nlanma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 yakalayacakt\u0131r. Ancak de\u011fil toplu mezarlarda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurulu\u015flar\u0131n incelemelerde bulunmas\u0131 AG\u0130T, Avrupa Komisyonu Parlamenterler Meclisi, BM ve uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019a giri\u015f talepleri bile hep savsaklanmaktad\u0131r. AG\u0130T, sonunda 16 Haziran 2001\u2019de \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da b\u00fcro a\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctebilmesi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle g\u00fcvenlik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131. Y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00dclkesi Tahminlere g\u00f6re \u00c7e\u00e7enistan’da bombard\u0131manlardan hasar g\u00f6ren bina say\u0131s\u0131 50 bin dolay\u0131nda. Aralar\u0131nda n\u00fcfusu 10 bini ula\u015fan 424 k\u00f6yden 270\u2019i tamamen, 68\u2019i k\u0131smen y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. 23 ilden 14\u2019\u00fc sava\u015ftan \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bir yara ald\u0131. Bu nedenle sava\u015f \u015fu anda bitmi\u015f olsa bile \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131n\u0131n harabe durumuna gelmi\u015f \u00fclkelerini yeniden imar etmeleri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck finansal kaynaklar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi gibi zaman da alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f yaln\u0131z ge\u00e7ici bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 beraberinde getirmiyor. Sava\u015f deneyimini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da da gelecek ku\u015faklar\u0131n da can g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehdit edecek y\u00fcz binlerce may\u0131n d\u00f6\u015fendi\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. 09 Ocak 2001 tarihinde Rusya \u0130\u00e7 G\u00fc\u00e7ler Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sergey Aranin, \u201cBiz \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019a 500 bini a\u015fk\u0131n may\u0131n yerle\u015ftirdik\u201d diyerek korkun\u00e7 bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi itiraf etmi\u015ftir. May\u0131nlar\u0131n en masum kurbanlar\u0131 ise \u00e7ocuklar. Toplama Kamplar\u0131 Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re yaln\u0131z 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda may\u0131na \u00e7arparak sakat kalan \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131 2 bin 300\u2019d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n D\u00f6\u015fenen may\u0131nlarlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra havadan ve karadan yap\u0131lan bombard\u0131manlar sonucu \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n topraklar\u0131 kullan\u0131lamaz hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Binlerce kilometrekarelik tar\u0131m ve ormanl\u0131k alan yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da kimyasal silahlarla bombalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin gelece\u011finin de imha edilmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n ileti\u015fim altyap\u0131s\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n daha ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla tamamen yok edilmi\u015f ve bu \u00fclkenin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya ile ileti\u015fim ba\u011flar\u0131 kesilmi\u015ftir. Sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131 tahrip edilmi\u015f, petrol kuyular\u0131 bombalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 11 Eyl\u00fcl S\u00fcreciyle Birlikte \u00c7e\u00e7enistan Sorunu Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1991\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden, ard\u0131ndan Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nu olu\u015fturan federasyon anla\u015fmas\u0131na 31 Mart 1992\u2019de Tataristan ile birlikte imza atmayan, buna ek olarak 12 Aral\u0131k 1993\u2019te Rusya Federasyonu Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n oylamas\u0131na ve parlamento se\u00e7imlerine kat\u0131lmayarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kalma iradesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u00c7e\u00e7enistan, uluslararas\u0131 camiada \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 sorunudur\u201d denilerek s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn hedefi durumuna getirilmi\u015ftir. (Tataristan daha sonra Rusya Federasyonu ile ayr\u0131 bir antla\u015fma imzalayarak federasyona kat\u0131ld\u0131. Tataristan’da Duma ve federal meclis i\u00e7in se\u00e7imler 13 Mart 1994’te yap\u0131ld\u0131.)<\/em> Bundan b\u00f6yle hala sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyecek olan ya Rusya Federasyonu ve \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130\u00e7kerya Cumhuriyeti aras\u0131nda var\u0131lacak anla\u015fmalard\u0131r ya da orada ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeleridir. Bu iradenin ne y\u00f6nde geli\u015fece\u011fi ancak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00f6zlemciler ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n denetiminde yap\u0131lacak \u015faibesiz bir referandum ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7enistan sorunu hala devam etmekte olan sava\u015f\u0131n getirdi\u011fi ac\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 sorunu\u201d denilerek ge\u00e7i\u015ftirilemeyecek kadar ciddidir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne yap\u0131lan ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan yeni s\u00fcre\u00e7te, kendi etraf\u0131ndaki cumhuriyet ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devletlerle olan sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 bu arada halletme yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla hareket etti\u011fi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin aleyhine kullanmak istedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Putin, 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den sonra televizyon konu\u015fmas\u0131nda “\u00c7e\u00e7enistan’daki olaylar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ter\u00f6rizmle m\u00fccadelenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez” diyerek bu cumhuriyete y\u00f6nelik operasyonlar\u0131na yasal zemini bulmaya ve Rusya Federasyonu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerce i\u015flenmi\u015f t\u00fcm insanl\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 temize \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 dikkatten ka\u00e7mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Putin\u2019in bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Rusya i\u00e7indeki sivil kurulu\u015flar\u0131 da son derece rahats\u0131z etmi\u015ftir. Nitekim Memorial, Rusya \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Helsinki Moskova Grubu, Asker Anneleri Komitesi, Saharov Vakf\u0131 gibi sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 18 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Rusya’n\u0131n \u00c7e\u00e7enistan sorununu g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak \u00e7\u00f6zme politikas\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in Amerika’daki ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na tepki g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131k m\u00fccadeleleri, bir tak\u0131m provokasyonlarla ter\u00f6rize edilirse 400 y\u0131ll\u0131k sanc\u0131l\u0131 bir tarihin sahibi Kafkasya yeni istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara gebe olmaktan kurtulamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara kar\u015f\u0131n Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin, Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ba\u015flayabilece\u011fini ve \u00c7e\u00e7enlerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki temsilcisi Viktor Kazantsev\u2019i g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fini ilan etti\u011fi konu\u015fmas\u0131nda; \u201c\u00c7e\u00e7en sorununun tarihi arka plan\u0131 oldu\u011funu\u201d s\u00f6ylemekle bu sorunun Rus propaganda makinelerince \u015fi\u015firilmi\u015f bir \u201cVahhabizm tehdidiyle\u201d izah edilemeyece\u011fini de itiraf etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u00c7e\u00e7enler, g\u00fcneye inme hedefinden asla vazge\u00e7meyen Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 400 y\u0131l boyunca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi vermi\u015flerdir. 1990\u2019dan sonra faturas\u0131 \u00e7ok haks\u0131z bir \u015fekilde \u00c7e\u00e7enlere kesilen Rusya i\u00e7erisindeki birtak\u0131m ter\u00f6r eylemleri, \u00c7e\u00e7en-Rus m\u00fccadelesinin tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fini g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakmaya yetmemi\u015ftir. \u00c7e\u00e7enistan sorunu \u201culuslararas\u0131 ter\u00f6rizmle m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bu tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi inkar anlam\u0131na gelecektir. E\u011fer \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n ter\u00f6rizmin oda\u011f\u0131 durumuna geldi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir iddia kabul edilse dahi anti-ter\u00f6rizm hareketinin, bir ulusun toptan imhas\u0131na endekslenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 izah\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan tarihi bir yan\u0131lg\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7e\u00e7enistan sorunu kendi b\u00f6lgesel ve tarihi perspektifleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek masaya yat\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr yakla\u015f\u0131mlar Kafkasya\u2019ya istikrar getirmekten \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r. \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131n\u0131n asgari d\u00fczeyde kabul edebilece\u011fi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisi ortaya konulmad\u0131k\u00e7a resmi temsilciler aras\u0131nda anla\u015fma sa\u011flansa bile kontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 noktalar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fehim Taştekin Ajans Kafkas Genel Koordinatörü, Gazeteci Kafkas Vakfı Çeçenistan Raporu Ekim 2001 Önsöz Çeçen halkı, 1994-1996 yılları arasında Rusya’nın Çeçenistan’da sürdürdüğü birinci savaşın yol açtığı büyük yıkımdan kurtulamadan 5 Eylül 1999’da ikinci bir felakete sürüklendi. Kaliteli petrol rezervleri ve boru hatlarının transit geçiş güzergahı olması açısından stratejik bir önem arz eden, Kuzey Kafkasya’nın 16 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\n<\/strong>Ajans Kafkas Genel Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc, Gazeteci
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