![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0197-surgun.GIF\")
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Prof. Halim Mambet<\/span><\/strong> E\u011fer Adige halk\u0131 bu insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015famam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 bu g\u00fcn Kafkasya\u2019daki Adige say\u0131s\u0131 18 000 000′ un \u00fczerinde olacakt\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/span> Alman bilimadam\u0131 ve etnograf F.Kanits’in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmek \u00fczere gemilerle g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen 2100 ki\u015fiden 1300’\u00fc daha denizdeyken hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6yle ki, denize at\u0131lan ve daha sonra suyun \u00fczerine vurmu\u015f olan bu cesetleri izleyerek geminin izledi\u011fi rotay\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla g\u00f6rebilirdiniz.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Vsemirniy pute\u015festvennik (D\u00fcnya gezgini) gazetesinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn esnas\u0131nda yollara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen her \u00fc\u00e7 \u00c7erkes\u2019ten ikisi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n Batum \u015fehri \u00e7evresinde karaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve bu civara yerle\u015fen kafiledeki 22 000 ki\u015fiden sa\u011f kalanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 7000’dir. Yine Samsun \u015fehri \u00e7evresine yerle\u015fen 30 000 ki\u015filik bir ba\u015fka kafileden sa\u011f kalanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 100 ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n A.P.Berge’in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Samsun ve Trabzon \u00e7evresine getirilen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden ortalama olarak her g\u00fcn 180 ile 250 aras\u0131nda insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmektedir ve bu insanlar\u0131n durumu ger\u00e7ekten y\u00fcrek yaralay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ps\u0131j b\u00f6lgesindeki rus ordular\u0131 komutan\u0131 Yevdokimov sava\u015f\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitirilmesini ve Kafkasya’n\u0131n i\u015fgalini sa\u011flayacak bir plan haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu plana g\u00f6re Adigelerin topraklar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri ve onlardan bo\u015falacak b\u00f6lgelere kazak k\u00f6ylerinin yerle\u015ftirilmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k i\u015fgal edilen topraklardan s\u00fcr\u00fclen Adigelerin Ps\u0131j b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmeleri veya Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmeleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bu politikan\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak,daha fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren halklar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen 10.000 ki\u015finin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verildi ve bu karar uygulamaya konuldu.<\/p>\n 1860\u00a0 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131ya g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere b\u00f6lgelerinden s\u00fcr\u00fclerek Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na indirilen Adigelerin say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n bu kadar insan\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kabul etmemesi ihtimalinden endi\u015fe eden Rus \u00e7ar\u0131 ve onun Kafkasya’daki generalleri, bu ihtimali ortadan kald\u0131racak bir anla\u015fma yapmak \u00fczere Terek b\u00f6lgesi idaresinden sorumlu olan Loris Melikov’u g\u00f6revlendirerek \u0130stanbul’a g\u00f6nderdiler. Loris Melikov \u00fcstlendi\u011fi g\u00f6rev gere\u011fi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen insan say\u0131s\u0131 ne olursa olsun geri \u00e7evrilmeyeceklerine dair Osmanl\u0131larla gizli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ve anla\u015fmalar yapt\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Sava\u015fta g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015f olan bir Rus g\u00f6revli bizzat \u015fahit olduklar\u0131n\u0131 daha sonra \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmaktad\u0131r: “\u0130nsan\u0131n t\u00fcylerini diken diken eden bir sahne hi\u00e7 g\u00f6zlerimin \u00f6n\u00fcnden gitmiyor: pek \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7ocuk,kad\u0131n ve ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlardan olu\u015fan cesetler ortal\u0131\u011fa da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir haldeydi ve bu cesetlerin \u00e7o\u011funu k\u00f6pekler par\u00e7alam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u0130nsanlar a\u00e7l\u0131k ve hastal\u0131ktan o kadar bitkin d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdi ki \u00e7o\u011fu ya\u015farken k\u00f6peklere yem olmama gayreti i\u00e7erisinde can derdine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sa\u011f kalanlar \u00f6lenleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek ve mezar kaz\u0131p onlar\u0131 g\u00f6mebilecek durumda de\u011fillerdi.Onlar\u0131 bekleyen son da bundan pek farkl\u0131 de\u011fildi”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n S\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen Adigelerden 8500 aile 1872 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kafkasya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f talebi ile ba\u015fvuruda bulundu.Bu Aileler geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri takdirde her nereye yerle\u015ftirilirlerse kabul edeceklerini beyan ediyorlard\u0131. Fakat bu ba\u015fvurular Rus \u00c7ar\u0131’na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvuru dilek\u00e7elerinin \u00fczerine \u015fu notu d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc \u00c7ar : “geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00f6z konusu bile edilmemelidir” Oysa o tarihlerde Adigelerin s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri topraklar,Ps\u0131j b\u00f6lgesindeki topraklar ve daha pek \u00e7ok yer hala bombo\u015f duruyordu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Ruslar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k faaliyetlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Rus \u00e7ar\u0131 ad\u0131na b\u00f6lgede gizli faaliyet g\u00f6steren bir k\u0131s\u0131m insan da Adigelerin g\u00f6\u00e7e ikna edilmeleri konusunda ellerinden geleni yapm\u0131\u015flar, bu amaca hizmet i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba i\u00e7erisinde olmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00d6rne\u011fin \u015eaps\u0131\u011flar aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar\u0131 olan \u0130shak efendi bu t\u00fcr \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc faaliyetlerde bulunan insanlardan birisidir. Yine Natuha\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr bir ileri gelene t\u00fcm Natuha\u00e7lar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ikna etmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki bin alt\u0131n vaat edildi\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n S\u00fcrg\u00fcn konusunda Y. Abramov \u00e7ok do\u011fru bir tespit ile \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r : “Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Rus idarecileri Adigeleri b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kartarak Osmanl\u0131ya g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in ellerinden geleni yapm\u0131\u015flar,onlar\u0131n \u00fclkeden gidi\u015flerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok faaliyette ve vaatlerde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00f6lgede ayn\u0131 amaca hizmet i\u00e7in bulunan Osmanl\u0131 el\u00e7ilerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da g\u00f6z yummu\u015flar bu faaliyetlerin engellenmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermemi\u015flerdir”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131da orduya girmenin \u015fart\u0131 evli veya aile sahibi olmamakt\u0131. Bu nedenle bir k\u0131s\u0131m insanlar \u00e7aresizlik i\u00e7erisinde e\u015flerini konaklara hizmet\u00e7i \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 evlatl\u0131k vererek, onlar\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131ktan ve yokluktan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar kendileri de gidip orduya yaz\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n 1858-1863 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sadece Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fusundaki limanlardan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen insan say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 000 ki\u015fidir. Di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerden ve di\u011fer limanlardan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapan insan say\u0131s\u0131 konusunda bir bilgi olmamakla birlikte bu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da daha az olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Prof. Halim Mambet Kabardey-Balkar Üniversitesi Tarih Bilimleri Kürsüsü, Adige Psalhe gazetesi, 27 Mart 2004 Çeviri: Ergün Yıldız Eğer Adige halkı bu insanlık dışı sürgünü yaşamamış olsaydı bu gün Kafkasya’daki Adige sayısı 18 000 000′ un üzerinde olacaktı. Alman bilimadamı ve etnograf F.Kanits’in yazdığına göre, Osmanlı topraklarından Kıbrıs adasına yerleştirilmek üzere gemilerle götürülen 2100 kişiden 1300’ü 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\n<\/strong>Kabardey-Balkar \u00dcniversitesi Tarih Bilimleri K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc,
\n<\/span> Adige Psalhe gazetesi,\u00a0 27 Mart 2004
\n<\/span> \u00c7eviri: Erg\u00fcn Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/span><\/p>\n