{"id":10468,"date":"2022-03-18T11:46:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-18T16:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=10468"},"modified":"2023-05-07T18:52:51","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T23:52:51","slug":"turkiyedeki-etnik-dagilimlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/turkiyedeki-etnik-dagilimlar\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’DEK\u0130 ETN\u0130K DA\u011eILIMLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

P. A. Andrews<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Merkezi Amerika\u2019da olan Ethnologue data from: Languages of the World kurulu\u015funun P.A. Andrews taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporu kaynak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 CC<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de Etnik Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar…<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfusun %8 olarak kabul edilmesi, K\u00fcrtlerin 15-20 milyon olduklar\u0131n\u0131 savunan \u00e7evrelerin tepkisine yol a\u00e7abilir.
\n<\/span><\/span> .<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0T\u00fcrk<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0% 86.21<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\n

60.347.000 ki\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Di\u011fer<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0% 13.79<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\n

9.653.000 ki\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0K\u00fcrtler<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0% 8.36<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n 5.852.000 ki\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Zazalar<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0% 0.53<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n 371.000 ki\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0\u00c7erkesler<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n \u00a0% 2.14<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1.520.000 ki\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Araplar<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0% 1.63\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n 1.141.000 ki\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Lazlar<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0% 0.02<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n 14.000 ki\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Di\u011fer<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0% 1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n \u00a0700.000 ki\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Toplam<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0% 13.79<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


Ancak \u015funu belirtmek gerekir ki, yerli yabanc\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir ciddi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ya da kurum K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusu b\u00f6ylesine abart\u0131l\u0131 rakamlarla ifade etmemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ok say\u0131da ciddi veri % 8’lik oran\u0131 do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r…<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusu ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6stermenin maksat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir anlam\u0131 yoktur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfusun 6-7 milyon olmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde K\u00fcrt kimli\u011fini inkar i\u00e7in bir gerek\u00e7e te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi gibi, K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011fe en ufak bir sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00f6stergesi olarak da alg\u0131lanamaz…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1985 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131ndaki belirlemeye g\u00f6re Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney-do\u011fudaki halk\u0131n (9 milyon 903 bin ki\u015fi) sadece 2 milyon 766 bini Anadil olarak K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019yi bildirmi\u015ftir. Kalan % 72lik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn anadili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019dir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)<\/span> Konda A.\u015e.’nin \u0130stanbul ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda ana-baba taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrd\u00fcm diyenlerin oran\u0131 % 7.6 d\u0131r. Akraba ili\u015fkileri dahil edildi\u011finde bu oran % 13.1 olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bunlar\u0131n sadece %4′ l\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hissen-kalben K\u00fcrd\u00fcm demektedirler.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b) <\/span>1993 de T\u00dcSES’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada K\u00fcrt olarak belirledi\u011fi gurubun genel se\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7indeki oran\u0131 %9.8 dir<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c<\/span><\/b><\/span>)<\/b> Tarafgir verilerin etkisinde oldu\u011fu bilinen M.M.Van Bruinessen’e g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyadaki K\u00fcrt say\u0131s\u0131 15-16 milyon T\u00fcrkiye’deki K\u00fcrtlerin say\u0131s\u0131 7-8 milyondur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d) <\/span>Javed Ensari’ye g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyadaki K\u00fcrtlerin n\u00fcfusu 15 milyon civar\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n % 25’i, 3 milyon 375 bini T\u00fcrkiye’dedir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

e)<\/span> Doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerle ilgili n\u00fcfus tahminlerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f olan M. Fany’nin 1930 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye’de belirledi\u011fi K\u00fcrt say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyondur. Bu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n o g\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 %6.6 d\u0131r<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

f)<\/span> Almanya’da yay\u0131nlanan uluslararas\u0131 nitelikli “Der Fisher Weltalmanach 95” adl\u0131 eserde d\u00fcnyadaki K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 16 milyon olarak verilmi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye’de ki K\u00fcrt say\u0131s\u0131 6.2 milyon olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

g) <\/span>1985 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131ndaki belirlemeye g\u00f6re Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney-do\u011fudaki halk\u0131n (9.903.000 ki\u015fi) sadece 2.766.000’\u0131 Anadil olarak K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’yi bildirmi\u015ftir. Kalan %72’lik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn anadili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019dir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u011fa\u00e7 i\u015finin toplumsal bir meslek olarak yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu Tahtac\u0131lar, a\u015firet organizasyonu itibariyle farkl\u0131 bir toplumsal yap\u0131ya ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na sahip Y\u00f6r\u00fckler T\u00fcrklerin alt guruplar\u0131 olarak tasnif edilebilirler.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Do\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da bir \u00e7ok y\u00f6rede a\u015firet mensubiyeti, T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt ya da Arap olmaktan \u00f6nce gelir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde \u00c7erkes olarak tan\u0131mlanan gurubu olu\u015fturan unsurlar\u0131 bu \u00fcst kimlikte birle\u015ftiren etken, \u00e7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131nca 1864te topluca s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131 ve dayan\u0131\u015fma duygusudur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye deki \u00c7erkesler esasen dilleri ve soylar\u0131 tamamen farkl\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da Kuzey Kafkas topluluklar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden 64 farkl\u0131 Kafkas derne\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkesistan esasen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6lgeyi kapsamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti gelen herkesi \u00c7erkes kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130<\/span><\/b><\/span>STANBUL<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konda \u00f6zel ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015firketinin \u0130stanbul’da 15 bin 500 ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma. Soru ” “siz kendinizi ne hissediyorsunuz?”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul n\u00fcfusunun % 61.4’n\u00fcn kendisini T\u00fcrk, % 18.44’\u00fcn\u00fcn ise “farkl\u0131” k\u00f6kenden kabul etmi\u015ftir.% 21.11’l\u0131k gurup ise “kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k” k\u00f6kenlidir. Bu gurubun akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkileri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla T\u00fcrklerledir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

% 61.40 T\u00fcrk
\n% 13.30 K\u00fcrt
\n%\u00a0 6.81 Balkan K\u00f6kenli
\n%\u00a0 5.75 Kafkas k\u00f6kenli
\n%\u00a0 8.77 Laz
\n%\u00a0 1.39 H\u0131ristiyan Az\u0131nl\u0131klar
\n%\u00a0 2.57 Arap<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Etik Bak\u0131\u015f<\/p>\n

Etik bak\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir gurubun, bir ba\u015fka gurubu tan\u0131mlamas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin:T\u00fcrkiye’de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funluk b\u00fct\u00fcn Karadenizlileri Laz, ( KOCAMAN B\u0130R YANLI\u015e )<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Do\u011fulular\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc K\u00fcrt olarak tan\u0131mlar. (KOCAMAN B\u0130R YANLI\u015e)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu etik bak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Etik bak\u0131\u015f, bilimsel temelden uzak, genelleme \u015feklinde kaba bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, emik bak\u0131\u015f gibi ge\u00e7erli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere dayanmaz. \u00dclkenin etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde fazlaca bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Etik bak\u0131\u015f, genellikle \u00e7o\u011funluk egemen unsurun \u00f6nemsemedi\u011fi az\u0131nl\u0131k guruplar\u0131n kimliklerine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Etik bak\u0131\u015f, \u00fclkenin etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilme- sinde \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131masa da, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak etnik guruplar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde etkindir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde etkin olabilen etik bak\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca guruplar\u0131n kimlik de\u011fi\u015fiminde de rol oynayabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Etik bak\u0131\u015f ve Lazlar<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iki \u00f6rnek emik ve etik bak\u0131\u015f farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve de etik bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n gurup kimli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, \u00fclkenin bir \u00e7ok y\u00f6resinde Laz olarak tan\u0131mlanan insanlar mevcuttur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak yerli kavram\u0131 i\u00e7inde Laz sadece Rize’nin Pazar, Arhavi ve Hopa \u00fc\u00e7geni i\u00e7inde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir guruptur. Oysa toplum her Karadenizliyi Laz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Toplumun Laz olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Laz yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 reddeder. Konunun uzman\u0131 yabanc\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi halk\u0131n\u0131n Pazar, Arhavi, Hopa y\u00f6resi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Lazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmediklerini ve Laz olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bennighaus, Meeker Zonguldak Ere\u011fli’sinden ba\u015flayarak, Rize’nin Pazar il\u00e7esine gelinceye kadar her y\u00f6renin kendisinin bir do\u011fusundaki y\u00f6reyi i\u015faretle, kendilerinin Laz olmad\u0131klar\u0131m belirttiklerini tespit etmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla etik bak\u0131\u015fla kalabal\u0131k bir gurup olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Lazlar, gurubun kendi tan\u0131m\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etnik guruptur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Etik bak\u0131\u015f ve Zazalar<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zazalar\u0131n durumu daha ilgin\u00e7tir. Zazalar tarih boyunca kendi kimliklerinde onurla direnmi\u015f, ne T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ne de K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc benimsememi\u015f bir topluluktur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zazalar\u0131 inceleyen ciddi b\u00fct\u00fcn bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; Zazalar\u0131n K\u00fcrt ve Zazaca’n\u0131n K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’nin bir leh\u00e7esi OLMADI\u011eI yolundad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda K\u00fcrdolojinin babas\u0131 kabul edilen V.Minorsky, O.Mann, David Mc Kenzie, Sasuni, Haddank, Prof.Goichie Kojima gibi otoriteler de mevcuttur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak Zazalar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bug\u00fcn K\u00fcrt \u00fcst kimli\u011fini benimsemektedirler. Dillerinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’den farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ve k\u00f6kenlerinin K\u00fcrt olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131nca ortaya konmas\u0131na ve daha \u00f6nemlisi tarihte K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 kimliklerini duyarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde savunmu\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen;\u00a0 Zazalar\u0131 K\u00fcrt kimli\u011fine iten, kendilerini ku\u015fatan topluluklar\u0131n etik bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve devletin bu bak\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusundaki tavr\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131dan bu yana Devlet ve toplum Zazalar\u0131 K\u00fcrt olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Toplumsal ili\u015fkiler s\u00fcrekli olarak Zazalara K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc empoze etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131’dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze devletin padi\u015fah\u0131, t\u0131mar beyi, pa\u015fas\u0131, kad\u0131s\u0131, kaymakam\u0131, jandarmas\u0131, tahsildar\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretmeni,hakimi, savc\u0131s\u0131 Zazalar\u0131 K\u00fcrt olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sonu\u00e7 olarak daha 50 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc reddeden Zazalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bug\u00fcn \u00fcst kimlik olara K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc benimsemi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak Zazal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrtl\u00fckle e\u015fde\u011fer bir kimlik olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedirler.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Etnik Kimli\u011fin\u00a0 De\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Etnik kimlik pek \u00e7ok nedene ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Tarih i\u00e7inde, kendi d\u00f6nemlerine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f say\u0131s\u0131z etnik gurup bug\u00fcn “kimlik” olarak silinmi\u015ftir. Hunlar, Hititler, S\u00fcmerler, \u0130skitler, bug\u00fcn hi\u00e7 bir etnik gurubu tan\u0131mlayan kimlikler de\u011fildir. Bu isimlerle an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan topluluklar elbette toptan yok olmad\u0131lar. Ba\u015fka topluluklara kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olarak \u0131rki nitelikleri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumlar i\u00e7inde devam etmekte ise de etnik gurup nitelikleri kaybolmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinde bile, yak\u0131n bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dayanan etnik kimlik de\u011fi\u015fiminin pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rne\u011fi mevcuttur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, bir \u00e7ok \u00f6z be \u00f6z T\u00fcrk unsur K\u00fcrtle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

24 O\u011fuz boyundan biri olan Av\u015farlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, D\u00f6\u011ferler, Kala\u00e7lar, Kikiler, T\u00fcrkanlar, Karake\u00e7ililer K\u00fcrtle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Urfa Karake\u00e7ilileri, bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 Anadolu’daki akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7abalar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk kimliklerini yeniden ke\u015ffetmekte ve T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe d\u00f6nmektedirler. \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n zorla Milli A\u015firetine ba\u011flayarak K\u00fcrtle\u015ftirdi\u011fi T\u00fcrkanlar da kimlik de\u011fi\u015fimine bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnektir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtle\u015fen Zazalar kimlik de\u011fi\u015fiminin bir ba\u015fka g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Svanberg’in belirtti\u011fi gibi “bir etnik gurubun NE OLDU\u011eUNDAN \u00e7ok, NE ZAMAN, yani NE G\u0130B\u0130\u00a0 KO\u015eULLAR ALTINDA var oldu\u011fu” \u00f6nemlidir.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dcST K\u0130ML\u0130K<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dcst kimlik \u00e7o\u011fu kez yanl\u0131\u015f tan\u0131mlanmakta ve kavram karga\u015fas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Do\u011fru tan\u0131m\u0131n iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerin iyi de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kendi k\u00f6kenine, geleneklerine ba\u011fl\u0131, etnik kimli\u011fiyle onur duyan bir \u00c7erkes \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f vatanda\u015fl\u0131k bilincinin ve toplumla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak kendisini T\u00fcrk olarak tan\u0131mlamakta hi\u00e7 bir sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmeyebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Egemen unsurun kimli\u011finin temsili \u00f6nemini benimser. Bu durumda T\u00fcrkl\u00fck bu \u00c7erkes i\u00e7in bir “\u00fcst” kimliktir. Bir ba\u015fka \u00c7erkes k\u00f6ken bilincine ve onuruna sahip olmakla birlikte, ku\u015faklard\u0131r bu topraklarda yeti\u015fmenin, egemen k\u00fclt\u00fcrle yo\u011frulman\u0131n sonucu olarak kendini T\u00fcrk olarak duyumsayabilir ve T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fini \u00fcst\u00fcn tutabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu anlamda T\u00fcrkl\u00fck bu \u00c7erkes i\u00e7in art\u0131k “\u00fcst” kimlik de\u011fildir. \u00dcst kimli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri yanl\u0131\u015f \u00fcst kimli\u011fin de\u011fi\u015fik “alg\u0131lanma” d\u00fczeylerini, ve ki\u015filerin kendi tercihlerini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederek, insanlara kendi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleriyle kimlik bi\u00e7me yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fe yazarlar\u0131 ise bu yanl\u0131\u015fa ek olarak bir de “yerli”, “sonradan gelme” yani otoktonluk gibi bilim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler ekleyerek kendi kafalar\u0131na g\u00f6re “\u00fcst” kimlikler yaratmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dcst kimli\u011fin, ne “azl\u0131k”, “\u00e7oklukla” ve ne de “yerli” “g\u00f6\u00e7men” olmakla ilgisi yoktur. \u00dcst kimlik tamam\u0131yla gurubun kendine bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, egemen unsuru alg\u0131lay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili bir tan\u0131mlamad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dcst kimlik, en k\u0131sa tan\u0131m\u0131yla “r\u0131za ile kabul edilen ortak temsili” kimliktir.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkesler<\/p>\n

1965 Genel N\u00fcfus Say\u0131m\u0131nda anadili \u00c7erkes dillerinden olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 % 0.19, ikinci dili \u00c7erkes dili olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 % 0.15’dir. Bu say\u0131m esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7erkes k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfusun genel n\u00fcfus i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 % 0.34 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 oran bug\u00fcnk\u00fc n\u00fcfusa uygulan\u0131rsa \u00c7erkeslerin n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 bin olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak de\u011fi\u015fik kaynaklardaki verilerle birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde \u00c7erkes k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfusu 1milyonun \u00fczerinde kabul etmek gerekir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfusa ili\u015fkin olarak \u00d6ZBEK’in tespiti 1984 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in
\n1 milyon 100 bindir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu arada tarihi veriler incelendi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00c7erkes k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfusu 1.5 milyon civar\u0131nda kabul etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Kafkas \u00fclkelerinin \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 verdikleri destans\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 1864’te b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131r\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen yenilgiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f ve Ruslar \u00c7erkesleri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. O g\u00fcnk\u00fc verilere g\u00f6re s\u00fcr\u00fclen n\u00fcfus farkl\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re 600 bin ile 1 milyon 500 bin aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck sefalet i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7 sonucu Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na ayak basabilenler 400 bin civar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na gelen \u00c7erkesler; Balkanlar, Suriye , M\u0131s\u0131r, Filistin, ve Anadolu da iskan edilmi\u015flerdir. Anadolu’ya iskan edilen n\u00fcfus 150-200 bin olarak tahmin edilmektedir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Adigeler sonra Abhazlar ve 20 bin civar\u0131nda Wub\u0131hla, 3 bin aile \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f, T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 Balkar ve Kara\u00e7aylard\u0131r. Asetinler ve Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar da di\u011fer k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck guruplard\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkesler, kendi soylar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan k\u00f6yler kurmu\u015flar ve do\u011fal asimilasyona uzun s\u00fcre direnmi\u015flerdir. Ancak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmalar\u0131 ve kentle\u015fmenin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131 sonucu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde dillerini unutmu\u015flar ve T\u00fcrk toplumuyla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n hemen hemen tamam\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir ki \u00c7erkes k\u00f6kenli unsurlar i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi k\u00f6ken kimliklerinden \u00f6nde gelmektedir. 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmada ana ve baba taraf\u0131ndan Kafkas k\u00f6kenliyim diyenlerin oran\u0131 %2.19’dur. Ancak bunlar\u0131n sadece %0.46 si kimlik olarak \u00c7erkesli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Etnik mozaik kavram\u0131 ve Fransa \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 bir \u00f6rnek olarak Fransa’ya bakmak yeterlidir. 1978 istatistiklerine g\u00f6re Fransa’da 17 etnik gurup mevcuttur. \u00dcstelik bu say\u0131 Andrews’\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla 80’ni a\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu 17 gurubun genel n\u00fcfus i\u00e7indeki oran\u0131 %19’dur ve bu guruplardan 16’s\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 100binin \u00fczerindedir. (T\u00fcrkiye’de etnik guruplar\u0131n toplam n\u00fcfus oran\u0131 % 11.87 ve n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 100 bin \u00fczerindeki gurup say\u0131s\u0131 sadece 5’tir.) B\u00f6yle bir tabloya ra\u011fmen Fransa’da ne mozaik s\u00f6z\u00fc edilir, ne de Fransa i\u00e7in “mozaik” nitelemesi yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Fransa hakl\u0131 olarak mozaik nitelemesini reddetti\u011fi gibi, milli az\u0131nl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131 da benimsememektedir. Fransa 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 2nci maddesini “Frans\u0131zca Cumhuriyetin anadilidir.” \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avrupa Konseyi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fturulan ve 11 \u00fcye \u00fclkenin imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “B\u00f6lgesel ve Az\u0131nl\u0131k Dilleri \u015eart\u0131”na taraf olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fransa Anayasa Kurulu 1991 deki karar\u0131nda Fransa halk\u0131n\u0131n unsuru Korsika halk\u0131 ifadesini anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bularak iptal etmi\u015ftir. \u00dcniter bir devlet olarak milli b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 100 y\u0131la a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce peki\u015ftirmi\u015f olan Fransa’n\u0131n etnik guruplara bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda devrin Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 A de Monzie bu bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zleriyle \u00f6zetlemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

“Fransa’n\u0131n tarihsel birli\u011fi i\u00e7in, Br\u00f6tanca’n\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu yap\u0131da bir Fransa etnik bir mozaik olarak tan\u0131mlanmaz, bu zihniyette bir Fransa ele\u015ftirilmezken, T\u00fcrkiye’yi mozaik olarak nitelemek sadece bilimi inkar de\u011fil, insafs\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P. A. Andrews Merkezi Amerika’da olan Ethnologue data from: Languages of the World kuruluşunun P.A. Andrews tarafından hazırlanan raporu kaynak alınmıştır.  CC Türkiye’de Etnik Dağılımlar… Kürt kökenli nüfusun %8 olarak kabul edilmesi, Kürtlerin 15-20 milyon olduklarını savunan çevrelerin tepkisine yol açabilir. .  Türk  % 86.21 60.347.000 kişi    Diğer  % 13.79 9.653.000 kişi    Kürtler  % 8.36 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10468"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34085,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10468\/revisions\/34085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}