![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UC-KITADA-YAKILAN-GOC-TURKUSU-b.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet Gazetesi<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Ge\u00e7it vermez Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131’n\u0131n ‘sert tabiatl\u0131’ insanlar\u0131, tarihleri boyunca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131tada yak\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7 t\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc.<\/p>\n Kafkasya kavram\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok s\u0131k kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ve az say\u0131da ki\u015finin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapabildi\u011fi bir kavram. Karadeniz ile Hazar Denizi aras\u0131nda kalan ve Kafkas s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan bir co\u011frafya par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Kafkasya, T\u00fcrkiye’de sadece G\u00fcrcistan, Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan’\u0131 kapsayan bir b\u00f6lgeymi\u015f gibi tarif ediliyor. Oysa Kafkasya, Kuzey ve G\u00fcney (Trans) Kafkasya diye iki ayr\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden olu\u015fur.Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde kalan ve bat\u0131s\u0131nda Azak ve Karadeniz, kuzeyde Mani\u00e7 \u00e7ukuruyla, do\u011fuda Hazar Denizi ve g\u00fcneyde ise da\u011flardan inip Karadeniz’e ula\u015fan \u0130ngur Irma\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7evrili aland\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131 Kafkaslarda Kuzey-G\u00fcney istikametinde hi\u00e7 yol yoktur. Da\u011flar, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na da dik yarlar halinde indi\u011finden, k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca, kuzeyden g\u00fcneye, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fcneyden kuzeye ge\u00e7mek olduk\u00e7a zordur. Kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131 ise tara\u00e7alar halinde kademeli bir bi\u00e7imde Kuban Vadisi’ne do\u011fru al\u00e7al\u0131r. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mdaki da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi do\u011fuya do\u011fru gittik\u00e7e artar ve 2 bin 500-3 bin metreye ula\u015f\u0131r…<\/p>\n Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 kabileler <\/strong><\/p>\n Orta Kafkaslar Kuban Vadisi’nden Daryal Ge\u00e7idi’ne kadar uzan\u0131r. Da\u011flar\u0131n en sarp ve y\u00fcksek kesimi buradad\u0131r. Elbruz (5 bin 633 m.) ve Do\u011fu Kafkaslar ise Daryal Ge\u00e7idi’nden Ap\u015feron Yar\u0131madas\u0131’na kadar uzan\u0131r. Kafkasya’n\u0131n iki \u00f6nemli ve her zaman a\u00e7\u0131k olan ge\u00e7idi vard\u0131r. Bunlardan biri Daryal Ge\u00e7idi’dir. Ge\u00e7idin deniz seviyesinden y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 2379 m’dir. Vladi-Kafkas’\u0131 Tiflis’e ba\u011flayan ve Ruslar\u0131n ”G\u00fcrc\u00fc Askeri Yolu” <\/strong>dedikleri yol da bu ge\u00e7itten ge\u00e7er. Bu ge\u00e7it, Kafkasya’y\u0131 siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00f6nden iki ana par\u00e7aya ay\u0131r\u0131r. Daryal Ge\u00e7idi ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc Askeri Yolu’nu ellerinde tutmakla inisiyatif Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Daryal d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ikinci \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7it de Derbent’tir. Hazar Denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca uzanan ve geni\u015fli\u011fi 1.5 ile 30 km. aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen ilk \u00e7a\u011flardan beri kullan\u0131lmakta olan bu ge\u00e7it de Petro d\u00f6nem de Ruslar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc aras\u0131na girmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lgenin da\u011fl\u0131k olmas\u0131 ve Rusya ile Ortado\u011fu aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc g\u00f6revini yapmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan kurtulmak isteyen kavimlerin buraya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ruslar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyrek y\u00fczy\u0131la yak\u0131n bir s\u00fcre u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalmalar\u0131nda b\u00f6lgenin vah\u015fi do\u011fas\u0131 ve burada ya\u015fayan kabilelerin de sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli rolleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011fl\u0131 kavimlerde oldu\u011fu gibi buradaki kabileler de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na son derece d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Kafkasya’n\u0131n ova ve d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde oturan kabileler kolayca Ruslar\u0131n egemenli\u011fine girmeyi kabul ettikleri halde da\u011flardakiler sonuna kadar m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde kalan ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcrcistan, Azerbaycan, Ermenistan, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f ve Nah\u00e7\u0131van’\u0131 kapsayan b\u00f6lge G\u00fcney Kafkasya olarak isimlendiriliyor. S\u0131n\u0131r olarak da\u011flar esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde Abhazya ve G\u00fcney Osetya da bu b\u00f6lgeye dahil edilebilir.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkeslerin boylar\u0131<\/p>\n Tarihte \u00c7erkesya denilen b\u00f6lgede yani Kuzey Kafkasya’da ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7e, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise d\u00f6rde ay\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu ayr\u0131mda k\u00f6ken ve dil belirleyici iki unsur. Adige-Abhaz-Wub\u0131h gruplar\u0131, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f gruplar\u0131 ve Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar. Bu gruplar, Kafkasya var oldu olal\u0131 Kafkasya’da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f yerli (otokhtan) halk olarak bilinirler. Tarihin en eski yerli halklar\u0131 olarak kabul edilen bu topluluklar\u0131n G\u00fcney Kafkasya’daki G\u00fcrc\u00fclerle birlikte beyaz \u0131rk\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Kabardeyler :<\/strong> En kalabal\u0131k \u00c7erkes kabilesidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Zelen\u00e7uk havzalar\u0131ndan g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya do\u011fru Vladikafkas’a kadar uzanan ve Kuma ile Terek’in yukar\u0131 kollar\u0131n\u0131n sulad\u0131klar\u0131 geni\u015f b\u00f6lgede otururlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kabardeyler olmak \u00fczere iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Kabardeyler, topraklar\u0131na Kazak k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin yerle\u015ftirilmelerine kar\u015f\u0131 Ruslarla 1819’dan 1850’li y\u0131llara kadar sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Kabardeyler Rus ordular\u0131na de\u011fil, veba salg\u0131n\u0131na yenik d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Rus generalinin bilin\u00e7li olarak bula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen veba mikrobu Kabardeylerin n\u00fcfusunu 300 binden 35 bine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Arazilerinin a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Ruslar her d\u00f6nemde Kabardeylerde \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Ruslar\u0131n “B\u00fcy\u00fck Kafkas Sava\u015f\u0131” olarak and\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015fta ise Kabardeylerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Ruslarla m\u00fccadeleye di\u011fer kabileler kadar kat\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Ancak baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n soyda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesine aktif olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u0130zzet Aydemir, Kabardeylerin tarih boyunca ihtiyatl\u0131 ve tutarl\u0131 bir politika izledi\u011fini, gerek din, gerekse Ruslar ve Osmanl\u0131larla olan ili\u015fkilerinde zaman zaman aleyhlerine olacak macerac\u0131 bir tutum izlemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Bu kabilenin bug\u00fcn Kuzey Kafkasya’da var olmalar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ya\u015fatmalar\u0131 da bu politikaya ba\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Kabardey cinsi atlar ad\u0131n\u0131 bu kabileden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kabardeyler at yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ve binicilik konusundaki ustal\u0131klar\u0131yla da tan\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Abzahlar:<\/strong> Bu kabile Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerde Natukha\u00e7lar ve Wub\u0131hlarla birlikte en \u00f6n saflarda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u00c7erkes kabilelerine g\u00f6re aristokrasinin en an n\u00fcfuza sahip oldu\u011fu ve s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n en az oldu\u011fu Abzahlar, Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131’n\u0131n kuzey eteklerinde ve Kuban’\u0131n orta mecras\u0131na kat\u0131lan kollar\u0131n\u0131n sulad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ya\u015farlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Shapsughlar:<\/strong> Kuban Nehri’nin g\u00fcneyindeki d\u00fczl\u00fck ve Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131’na kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgede ya\u015farlar. Aristokrasinin kendi inisiyatifleriyle kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kabile olan Shapsughlar, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re Abhazlar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilirken baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Abhaz-Adige kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bir halk olarak tarif edilir.<\/p>\n Bjedughlar:<\/strong> En eski \u00c7erkes boylar\u0131ndand\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Kuban Nehri’nin kuzeyinde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131 Kuban’\u0131n sol taraf\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. Bjedughlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde Kafkasya’y\u0131 terk etmeyerek orada kald\u0131lar. Nartlar\u0131n soyundan olduklar\u0131na dair efsaneler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Wub\u0131hlar:<\/strong> Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc So\u00e7i’nin civar\u0131nda Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na do\u011fru uzanan b\u00f6lgede otururlard\u0131. Ruslara en son teslim olan kabiledir. Tamam\u0131 1864’te s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\u011finden Kafkasya’da hi\u00e7 Wub\u0131h kalmad\u0131. Kalabal\u0131k ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir topluluk olan Wub\u0131hlar, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olarak yerle\u015ftirildi\u011finden da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Abazalar: \u00c7erkesler bu boy i\u00e7in Abazin ad\u0131n\u0131 da kullan\u0131yorlar. En eski ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7erkes halklar\u0131ndan biridir. G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Abhazlarla ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kenden gelirler. Uzun s\u00fcre \u00f6nce G\u00fcney’den Kuzey’e g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri san\u0131l\u0131yor. Kabardeyler kom\u015fu olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk se\u00e7en boylardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Geçit vermez Kafkas Dağları’nın ‘sert tabiatlı’ insanları, tarihleri boyunca bağımsızlıkları için savaşmak zorunda kaldı. Üç kıtada yakılan göç türküsü. Kafkasya kavramı günümüzde çok sık karıştırılan ve az sayıda kişinin sağlıklı ayrımını yapabildiği bir kavram. Karadeniz ile Hazar Denizi arasında kalan ve Kafkas sıra dağlarının her iki tarafını da içine alan bir coğrafya parçası […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10471"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10471\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34097,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10471\/revisions\/34097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nKazbek (5 bin 047 m.) bu b\u00f6lgede bulunur. Bat\u0131 ve Orta Kafkaslar sarp, ge\u00e7it vermeyen \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 direnen Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n son s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ruslar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irmekte en \u00e7ok zorland\u0131klar\u0131 ve zaman kaybettikleri b\u00f6lge buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n