{"id":10519,"date":"2019-03-18T13:46:19","date_gmt":"2019-03-18T18:46:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=10519"},"modified":"2019-03-18T13:46:19","modified_gmt":"2019-03-18T18:46:19","slug":"bir-egitim-savascisi-seauh-seferbiy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/bir-egitim-savascisi-seauh-seferbiy\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u0130R E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M SAVA\u015e\u00c7ISI: SEAUH SEFERBIY"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/z-2013-Images-1\/418.JPG\" width=\"417\" height=\"305\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Kim Buzere<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><span>&#8220;Sotsiyalisti\u00e7eske Ad\u0131ghey&#8221; 15 Mart 1990, (M\u0131yekuape)<\/span><b><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <\/b><span lang=\"en-au\"><span>Kafkasya Ger\u00e7e\u011fi , Say\u0131 8, Nisan 1992, Sayfa 22-25<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> SEAUH Seferb\u0131y, hem 1917 devrimi \u00f6ncesinde, hem de ondan sonra \u00c7erkes halk\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi ve ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve emek vermi\u015f ki\u015filerden birisidir. O, d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de yeteneklerini de b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle bu y\u00f6nde kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat ne yaz\u0131kt\u0131r ki insanlar\u0131m\u0131z bug\u00fcn onu hemen hi\u00e7 tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><\/span>O, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve daha iyi bir gelecek i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131m veren bir yay\u0131nc\u0131, pedagog, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve eylemci idi. Socen Mos, Hakhurate \u015ehan\u00e7er\u0131y, Tsey \u0130brahim, Navurze \u0130brahim,<\/p>\n<p>Vumar Aliyev Hab\u0131y Sahid gibi devrimci ve yazarlarla arkada\u015fl\u0131k ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f bulunan SEAUH Seferb\u0131y bug\u00fcn Adige halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan unutulmu\u015f bulunuyor. Bu neden b\u00f6yle oldu?<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6n\u00fcmde Krasnodar \u00fclke mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan 11 Haziran 1960 tarihinde verilmi\u015f bir karar duruyor. Bu kararda, S. H. Seauh&#8217;un itham edilmesini gerektirecek hi\u00e7bir su\u00e7u bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle rehabilite edilmesine ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n iade edilmesine karar verildi\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Seferb\u0131y&#8217;\u0131 unutmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve hat\u0131rlayamamalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni i\u015fte buydu. Bu korku bilmeyen, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyen ve ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc insandan ho\u015flanmayan ki\u015filerde vard\u0131 ve hakk\u0131ndaki as\u0131ls\u0131z ithamlar ve yersiz bask\u0131lar da bundan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onun halk\u0131 i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu iyi i\u015fler de b\u00f6ylece sisler aras\u0131nda yitip gitti. \u0130tham edilen ki\u015filere arka \u00e7\u0131kmaktansa onlara kara \u00e7almak ve k\u00f6t\u00fc taraflar\u0131n\u0131 say\u0131p d\u00f6kmenin \u00e7ok daha kolay oldu\u011funu herkes bilir. Seferb\u0131y de bu t\u00fcrden ve hi\u00e7 hak etmedi\u011fi zul\u00fcmlere maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Sonralar\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f ad\u0131 yeniden duyulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ama yine de kendi rahatlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ad\u0131n\u0131 anmamay\u0131 daha uygun g\u00f6renler \u00e7o\u011funluktayd\u0131. Onun hakk\u0131nda korkmadan bir \u015feyler yazabilenler daha \u00e7ok Kabardey y\u00f6resinde ya\u015fayan karde\u015flerimiz olmu\u015ftur. Seferb\u0131y hakk\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015f bulunan Kabardey yazarlar\u0131 A. H. Hak&#8217;ua\u015fe ile R. H. Ha\u015fkhoj&#8217;u burada minnetle anmak istiyorum. \u015ehalakho Abu&#8217;nun yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 monografide de ondan iyi bir \u015fekilde bahsedildi\u011fini belirtmem gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcn gen\u00e7lerimize ulusal tarihimizi \u00f6\u011fretmemiz gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyip duruyoruz. Ama tarihimizi yapan ki\u015filerden bahsetme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz olmadan tarihimizi nas\u0131l anlatabiliriz? Ulusal tarihimizin sayfalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p at\u0131lan insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, bo\u015f kalan ve lay\u0131k olduklar\u0131 yerlere yerle\u015ftirmezsek, bizden sonraki nesiller bu bo\u015fluklar i\u00e7in bizleri asla ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ben pedagog-e\u011fitimci, uygulay\u0131c\u0131, Adige \u00dclke Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Komitesi&#8217;nin Milli E\u011fitim B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve cemiyet adam\u0131 olan, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, halk e\u011fitimi, tarih, etnografya, yurt bilgisi ve ulusal geleneklerle ilgili bilimsel bir\u00e7ok materyaller ortaya koymu\u015f bulunan bu ki\u015fiden daha \u00e7ok bahsedilmesi ve hakk\u0131nda daha bir\u00e7ok \u015feyler yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yorum. Onun ya\u015fam\u0131 eserleriyle ilgili olan bu yaz\u0131m\u0131 bu konuda bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 say\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n<p>SEAUH Seferb\u0131y, 4 May\u0131s 1887&#8217;de B\u011fo\u015fehable K\u00f6y\u00fcnde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. (Bu k\u00f6y\u00fcn halk\u0131 daha sonra T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir). \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 seven bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i ailesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fuydu. Babas\u0131 &#8220;K\u00f6pek gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan bey gibi yersin&#8221; \u015feklindeki atas\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dilinden hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmezdi. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftiren, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimin \u00f6nemini kavram\u0131\u015f bir kimse olan Seferb\u0131y&#8217;in babas\u0131 Hats&#8217;uts&#8217;e onlar\u0131 okutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6nce bir \u00f6\u011fretmenden biraz Rus\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenen Seferb\u0131y 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131yekuape (Maykop) daki Da\u011fl\u0131 (Gorski) okuluna girdi. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Kuban Kazak Ordusu taraf\u0131ndan el konan bu okul bir Mekanik-Teknik Okul haline getirilmi\u015fti. 1903 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar burada okuyan Seferb\u0131y daha sonra sa\u011fl\u0131k nedenleriyle okuldan ayr\u0131larak ailesinin yerle\u015fmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cambe\u00e7\u0131ye K\u00f6y\u00fcne d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>1907, y\u0131l\u0131nda 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir gen\u00e7 olan Seferb\u0131y Kuban \u00d6\u011fretmen Semineri&#8217;ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. O ya\u015fa gelinceye kadar belli bir politik d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip olmu\u015ftu. &#8220;Kubanskaya kopeyka&#8221;, &#8220;Gazeta dlya vsekh&#8221; ve &#8220;Donskaya re\u00e7&#8221; adl\u0131 gazeteleri okuyordu. Kendisinin anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Da\u011fl\u0131 Okulu&#8217;nda bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada Pu\u015fkin, Lermontov, Kr\u0131lov ve Tolstoy&#8217;un eserlerini de okumu\u015ftu. An\u0131lar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: &#8220;Okudu\u011fum kitaplar bana \u00c7ar&#8217;lar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc politika ile m\u00fccadele etmek gerekti\u011fini anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama hen\u00fcz belirli bir politik idealim yoktu. Rusya&#8217;daki k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n dayan\u0131lamayacak kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu kavram\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Kavrad\u0131\u011f\u0131m ikinci bir husus ise Rus olmayan milletlerin durumunun onlardan da daha k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011fuydu&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Seferb\u0131y, Kuban \u00d6\u011fretmen Semineri&#8217;nde 1907-1911 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. D\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de bu okul y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u015fekillendi. Daha ilk g\u00fcnlerden ba\u015flayarak hem okulda hem de okul d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda okumaya ba\u015flad\u0131. En \u00e7ok tarih, edebiyat ve etnografya konular\u0131yla ilgileniyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Seferb\u0131y, klasik edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n eserlerini iyi biliyor, en \u00e7ok da Pu\u015fkin, Lermontov, Kr\u0131lov, \u015eev\u00e7enko, Hetagkat\u0131 gibi yazarlar\u0131 seviyordu, tarihi makaleler yada taslaklar haz\u0131rlarken s\u0131k s\u0131k bu yazarlar\u0131n eserlerine m\u00fcracaat ediyordu. &#8220;\u00c7erkesler&#8221;, &#8220;Unutulmu\u015f G\u00f6rev&#8221;, &#8220;\u00d6l\u00fcler Pazar\u0131&#8221;, &#8220;Ta\u00e7l\u0131 Cellatlar&#8221;, &#8220;\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada E\u011fitimin \u00d6nemi&#8221; gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da bunlardan yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Seferb\u0131y&#8217;in \u00c7erkeslerin tarih, etnografya ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc incelemeye merak\u0131 da edebiyata olan ilgisinden daha az de\u011fildi. Bu merak\u0131 ilk kez, babas\u0131n\u0131n misafir odas\u0131nda toplanan k\u00f6y ihtiyarlar\u0131n\u0131n sohbetlerini dinlerken ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu odada \u00c7erkeslerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve \u00f6zellikle de Kafkas-Rus sava\u015flar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7ok \u015fey dinlemi\u015fti. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekaterinodar&#8217;da kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Koronovann\u0131ye pala\u00e7i&#8221; (Ta\u00e7l\u0131 Cellatlar) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 bu konuyla ilgilidir ve Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya&#8217;n\u0131n i\u015fgalinin ellinci y\u0131l\u0131 vesilesiyle Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 Aleksandr II ile Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 Abd\u00fclhamid II&#8217;nin Kafkasya ile ilgili eylemlerini ele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ar&#8217;l\u0131\u011f\u0131n politikas\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiren bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n o tarihte yay\u0131nlanamam\u0131\u015f bulunmas\u0131 do\u011fald\u0131r. Ancak tarihi ger\u00e7eklere de\u011finen bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>S. Seauh, halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n her alan\u0131yla ilgileniyordu. Ancak onu en \u00e7ok \u00fczen \u015fey, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc elinden al\u0131nan \u00c7erkes halk\u0131n\u0131n kendine gelememesi i\u00e7in, \u00c7arl\u0131k memurlar\u0131n\u0131n gayretleriyle \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f e\u011fitimden de mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmakta olmas\u0131yd\u0131. S\u00fcrekli olarak bundan<br \/>\nyak\u0131n\u0131yor, fertleri \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f e\u011fitimden ve bilimden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmayan bir halk\u0131n sonunda yok olup gidece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Seferb\u0131y&#8217;i \u00d6\u011fretmen Semineri&#8217;ne gitmeye ve bir halk e\u011fitimcisi olmaya y\u00f6nelten de bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriydi. Semineri bitirdikten sonra \u00c7erkes k\u00f6ylerinde pedagoji ve e\u011fitim konular\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1912-1914 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Mekho\u015f k\u00f6y\u00fc ilkokulunda, Penekhes, \u015e\u0131nc\u0131y, Tekhutem\u0131kuay k\u00f6ylerinin okullar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmen ve y\u00f6netici olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6ylerde okullar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, bunlarda anadilde e\u011fitim yap\u0131lmas\u0131, alfabe d\u00fczenlenmesi, \u00f6\u011fretmen kurslar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00c7erkeslerin daha y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rebilecekleri bir okul a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 konular\u0131nda \u00f6nemli hizmetleri oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Seferb\u0131y, \u00c7erkes okullar\u0131nda Rus\u00e7a&#8217;nm okutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyor, kendisi de Rus\u00e7a&#8217;y\u0131 iyi biliyordu. Onun do\u011fru g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi \u015fey, \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte oldu\u011fu Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131yd\u0131. Kafkasyal\u0131lara Rus\u00e7a e\u011fitim veren okullar\u0131n dayat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bulmuyor, ulusal okullar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve buralarda anadilde e\u011fitim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu. Seauh Seferb\u0131y&#8217;in 76 y\u0131l \u00f6nce savundu\u011fu ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131m verdi\u011fi bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi bizler ancak bug\u00fcn savunabilmekteyiz. Seferb\u0131y&#8217;e i\u015fte halk e\u011fitimi ile ilgili bu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u201cnasyonalist\u201d (milliyet\u00e7i) yaftas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar ve halk\u0131m\u0131za bug\u00fcne kadar onun ad\u0131n\u0131 bile etmediler.<\/p>\n<p>SEAUH Seferb\u0131y, Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n &#8220;inorodtse&#8221; denilen &#8220;yabanc\u0131&#8221; topluluklara uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim politikas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir: &#8220;Anadilin okutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu okullarda etnografya, ulusal tarih ve co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretilmesi bir yana, bunlara \u00f6nem bile verilmemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6\u011frencilerin ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131k ve zorlamadan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmedikleri bu okullarda yap\u0131lan tek \u015fey k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 bir an \u00f6nce Rusla\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve H\u0131ristiyan dinine sokmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan ibarettir. \u00c7ocuklar bu okullara cahil gelmekle kalm\u0131yor cahil, olarak da mezun oluyorlar&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>1911-1916 y\u0131llar\u0131nda &#8220;Maykopskoye ekho&#8221;, &#8220;Kubanskiy kaza\u00e7iy listok&#8221;, &#8220;Kubanskh; (voyskoviye) oblastn\u0131ye vedomosti&#8221; gibi yerel gazeteler ve &#8220;Kubanskaya \u015fkola&#8221; adl\u0131 dergide Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n sorunlar\u0131yla ilgili yaz\u0131lar da yay\u0131nlan\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda Petersburg\u2019da &#8220;Zarya Dagestana&#8221; (Da\u011f\u0131stan \u015eafa\u011f\u0131&#8221;) ve &#8220;Musulmanskaya Gazeta&#8221; (M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Gazetesi) adl\u0131 gazeteler yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunlar devrimci Bol\u015fevik&#8217;lerden Hab\u0131y Sahid taraf\u0131nca yay\u0131nlan\u0131yordu. Gayesi Rusya&#8217;da ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar\u0131 &#8220;uyand\u0131rmak&#8221; idi. Seferb\u0131y, bu gazetelerin yay\u0131nma t\u00fcm gayretiyle kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bug\u00fcn de g\u00fcndemde bulunan ve halk\u0131n\u0131 en \u00e7ok endi\u015felendiren sorunlarla daha o zaman ilgilendi. &#8220;D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme De\u011fil Bar\u0131\u015f&#8221;, &#8220;Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 Dert Sa\u011flamak Gerek&#8221;, &#8220;Kahrolsun Ba\u015fl\u0131k Paras\u0131&#8221;, &#8220;Verilen Kurban Yeter&#8221;, &#8220;Mideye Tapma &#8220;\u00c7erkeslerde Genel Olu\u015fum&#8221;, &#8220;Kuban Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Rus Okullar\u0131ndaki Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Nedenleri&#8221; gibi g\u00fcncel konulan i\u015fleyen makaleleri bu y\u0131llarda yay\u0131mland\u0131. T\u00fcm makalelerinde \u00c7erkes halk\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fman olmayanlar\u0131n e\u011fitime ve okula da kar\u015f\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurguluyordu.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitimcilerin \u00e7o\u011fu, dinin geni\u015f insan kitleleri \u00fczerindeki otoritesini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak e\u011fitimde de ondan yararlanmay\u0131 gerekli bulurlar. SEAUH Seferb\u0131y, kendisini dine vermi\u015f bir ki\u015fi de\u011fildi, bu b\u00fct\u00fcn yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Fakat o ak\u0131lc\u0131yd\u0131 ve mevcut durumu analiz edip de\u011ferlendirebiliyordu: O s\u0131rada \u00fclkede insanlar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatacak, bilime g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ayd\u0131n kesim (intelligentsiya) mevcut de\u011fildi. Din adamlar\u0131 ise \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fcler. Bu nedenledir ki SEAUH Seferb\u0131y, e\u011fitim sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n din adamlar\u0131 ve \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n ortak gayretleriyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc birincilerin halk \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck otoritesi vard\u0131, ayd\u0131nlar ise Rus k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn iyi y\u00f6nlerini ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ve \u00e7abuk \u015fekilde ortaya koyma olana\u011f\u0131na sahiptiler. Fakat ne yaz\u0131k ki, 1930&#8217;lu y\u0131llarda &#8220;dine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f veren Marksistler&#8221; in Seauh&#8217;un bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini onaylamalar\u0131 beklenemezdi. Ulusal okullar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n devlet b\u00fct\u00e7esinden finanse edilmesini savunan, alfabe haz\u0131rlayan bu adam yerel y\u00f6neticilerin h\u0131\u015fm\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 zararl\u0131 bulundu ve &#8220;akl\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesi i\u00e7in\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere bir Kazak kasabas\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n<p>Seferb\u0131y, Ekim devrimini yeni ve daha iyi bir ya\u015fam getirece\u011fi inanc\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n devrilmesinden sonra Kuban y\u00f6resinde Kuban \u00dclke Radas\u0131 (Meclisi) olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bulunuyordu. Bu y\u00f6netim yeni rejime (Bol\u015fevizm&#8217;e) kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 birlikler kuruyor, Da\u011fl\u0131lar (\u00c7erkesler) de bunlara kat\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Seferb\u0131y buna \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlardan birisiydi. Bu yolda pedagojik, akt\u00fcel ve e\u011fitimsel her vas\u0131tadan yararlan\u0131yordu. Bunun yan\u0131nda arkada\u015flar\u0131 olan Bja\u015f&#8217;o Aslanbe\u00e7, Yunus ve Yusuf Karde\u015fler, Tsey \u0130brahim, \u015eekh K\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7eriy, Khuaj Karbat\u0131r, Cam\u0131rza Mecid, Hat&#8217;ene Sahid, Hato\u011fo\u011fko Mecid, Gut&#8217;ekule Davut gibi ki\u015filerle birlikte, \u00c7erkesleri Beyazlara kat\u0131lmamaya ve silah almamaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. Seauh&#8217;un ar\u015fivinde o g\u00fcnlerle ilgili ilgin\u00e7 belgeler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuban y\u00f6resi yeniden Beyaz&#8217;lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, Sovyet rejimini desteklemi\u015f bulunan A. Bja\u015f&#8217;o, \u0130. Tsey, N. Tsey, K. \u015eekh, K. Khuaj, M. Cam\u0131rza ve SEAUH Seferb\u0131y&#8217;un da idamlar\u0131na karar verilmi\u015fti. Bu ki\u015filer aylarca ka\u00e7ak gezdikten sonra bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn araya girmesi ve ricalar\u0131yla haklar\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sovyet y\u00f6netimi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Seferb\u0131y&#8217;i i\u015fini iyi bilen, i\u00e7ten ve sa\u011flam bir ki\u015fi olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu nedenle Sovyetlerin bir\u00e7ok toplant\u0131lar\u0131na delege olarak se\u00e7iliyor, seksiyonlar\u0131n, ispolkomlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na getiriliyordu. Hakurinehable&#8217;de yap\u0131lan Sovyetler toplant\u0131s\u0131nda Kuban&#8217;\u0131n ve Adigey&#8217;in devlet ve sosyal i\u015fleri i\u00e7in temsilci se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, Sovyetlerin 10. T\u00fcm Rusya Toplant\u0131s\u0131&#8217;na da delege olarak g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Bu toplant\u0131da Hakhurate \u015ehan\u00e7eriy, S. A. Zayeme, Tsey Salih (\u015e\u0131n\u00e7\u0131y k\u00f6y\u00fcnden), Hatko M\u0131\u00e7ukh (Hat\u0131\u011fuj\u0131kuay&#8217;dan) da onunla birlikteydiler. Seferb\u0131y, T\u00fcm Rusya Toplant\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra 30 Aral\u0131k 1922&#8217;de SSCB Sovyetlerinin Birinci Toplant\u0131s\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ekim devriminden sonra, Seferb\u0131y profesyonel pedagoji bilgisini ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na katma olana\u011f\u0131 bulmu\u015ftu. B\u0131k\u0131p usanmadan \u00c7erkes k\u00f6ylerinde anadilde e\u011fitim yapan okullar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, anadilde ve Rus dilinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, \u00c7erkes \u00f6\u011fretmenler yeti\u015ftirilmesi, Adige alfabesinin d\u00fczenlenmesi gibi konularda emek verdi. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda (T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;den gelmi\u015f bulunan) \u0130brahim H\u0131dzetl&#8217;le birlikte Arap harfleriyle bir alfabe haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 1928&#8217;de okullar\u0131n ilk s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131nda okutulacak derslerin programlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, 1929&#8217;da \u0130kinci S\u0131n\u0131flar \u0130\u00e7in Okuma Kitab\u0131&#8217;n\u0131, 1927 vel928 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kube \u015eaban ile birlikte &#8220;\u00c7erkes Bukvar&#8221; ve &#8220;Ad\u0131ghe Bukvar&#8221; adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bukvar&#8217;dan (alfabe) sonra okunacak kitab\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova&#8217;da yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda onun ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1927&#8217;de Z. Troitskaya ve E. Urusbayeva&#8217;n\u0131n yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8220;Russkiy yaz\u0131k v gorskoy \u015fkole&#8221; (Da\u011fl\u0131 Okullar\u0131nda Rus Dili) adl\u0131 kitap, SEAUH Seferb\u0131y&#8217;un en \u00f6nemli eserlerinden biri say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Da\u011fl\u0131 (Kafkasya) okullar\u0131nda Rus dilini \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan bu ilgin\u00e7 eser bug\u00fcn bile yararlan\u0131labilecek hususlar i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Seferb\u0131y, t\u00fcm s\u00f6ylediklerinde ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131nda okullarda anadilin okutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n okullara da yans\u0131yan, halklar\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak yok etme ve Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman onaylamam\u0131\u015f ve daima ele\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Okullarda anadillere izin verilmemesi, herkesin Rus\u00e7a e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesi \u015feklindeki bu uygulama Ekim devrimine kadar okullarda s\u00fcregelmi\u015fti. Bu tarz okullara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc y\u00fckseltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan b\u00f6yle bir ki\u015fiye e\u011fer &#8220;milliyet\u00e7i&#8221; deniyorsa bug\u00fcn onun gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenlerin hayli \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bug\u00fcn ulusal okullar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bizler, Seauh gibi insanlara her zamankinden daha \u00e7ok muhtac\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>SEAUH Seferb\u0131y, son g\u00fcnlerine kadar Krasnodar kentinde ya\u015fad\u0131, 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ailesinin ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Cambe\u00e7\u0131ye k\u00f6y\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek orada g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kim Buzere &ldquo;Sotsiyalisti&ccedil;eske Ad&#305;ghey&rdquo; 15 Mart 1990, (M&#305;yekuape) Kafkasya Ger&ccedil;e&#287;i , Say&#305; 8, Nisan 1992, Sayfa 22-25 SEAUH Seferb&#305;y, hem 1917 devrimi &ouml;ncesinde, hem de ondan sonra &Ccedil;erkes halk&#305;n&#305;n e&#287;itimi ve ayd&#305;nlanmas&#305; i&ccedil;in &ccedil;al&#305;&#351;m&#305;&#351; ve emek vermi&#351; ki&#351;ilerden birisidir. O, d&uuml;nya g&ouml;r&uuml;&#351;&uuml;n&uuml; de yeteneklerini de b&uuml;t&uuml;n&uuml;yle bu y&ouml;nde kullanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Fakat ne yaz&#305;kt&#305;r ki insanlar&#305;m&#305;z bug&uuml;n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10519"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10521,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10519\/revisions\/10521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}