{"id":10573,"date":"2019-03-18T15:26:14","date_gmt":"2019-03-18T20:26:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=10573"},"modified":"2019-03-18T15:26:14","modified_gmt":"2019-03-18T20:26:14","slug":"adigeler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/adigeler\/","title":{"rendered":"AD\u0130GELER"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Prof. B.H. Akba\u015fev
\n<\/strong>Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7erkes Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n

Kendi dillerinde: Adige,
\nRus\u00e7a’da: Adigeytsi.<\/p>\n

Adigeler, Adige \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ya\u015farlar; \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Laba ve Kuban nehirlerinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde zengin topraklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 da Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n eteklerine yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Adigeler, Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra cumhuriyet stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015f ve Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7erisinde yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarih<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adige, birbirleriyle s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 olan Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya’n\u0131n yerli bir\u00e7ok kabilesi taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan bir isimdir.<\/p>\n

14.y\u00fczy\u0131lda bunlar\u0131n kuzeyde Kuban ve do\u011fuda Laba nehirleriyle, g\u00fcneyde Abhazyan kabileleri ve bat\u0131da Karadeniz’le \u00e7evrili b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 biliniyordu (yani bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Adige Cumhuriyeti ile Karadeniz aras\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lge).<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Adige kabilesi Zi\u00e7i\u2019ydi ve bu isim bazen b\u00fct\u00fcn grup i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ticaret giri\u015fimleri nedeniyle Bizansl\u0131lar gibi baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerce iyi tan\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Adigeler bal, mum, hayvan ve k\u00fcrk gibi \u015feyler ihra\u00e7 eder, tuz, tekstil ve silah ithal ederlerdi.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 13.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Alt\u0131n Ordu s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi alt\u0131na girdiler ve Adige kabilelerinin birka\u00e7\u0131 do\u011fuya Terek Nehri havzas\u0131na do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler.<\/p>\n

Bu kabileler Alanlara kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve sonunda Kabardiyan grubunu olu\u015fturdular. Bat\u0131’da kalan Adigeler de \u00c7erkez olarak tan\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Daha sonra bu terim Kafkaslarda ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n genel ismi oldu.<\/p>\n

16.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n ve K\u0131r\u0131m hanlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle \u0130slamiyet\u00a0 Adige (yani \u00c7erkes) topraklar\u0131na s\u0131zmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak \u0130slam’\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131lmas\u0131 biraz zaman ald\u0131. Bu nedenle de Adigelerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130slam’\u0131 kabul s\u00fcreci ancak 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda tamamland\u0131. 1822’de yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 kabileler aras\u0131 bir toplant\u0131da kararlar\u0131n \u015feriata g\u00f6re al\u0131nmas\u0131 kabul edildi; ancak mahalli adetlerin kuvvetli etkisi nedeniyle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde Kuzey Kafkasya’da 500 bin – 1milyon Adige vard\u0131 (bu say\u0131 yaln\u0131z Adigeler i\u00e7indir. Kabardeyler ve di\u011ferleri buna dahil de\u011fildir). 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda b\u00f6lge Rusya y\u00f6netimine girince bir\u00e7o\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda b\u00f6lgede Adige toplulu\u011funun ancak onda biri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sovyet d\u00f6neminin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda iki ayr\u0131 Adige b\u00f6lgesi olu\u015fturuldu: Adige \u00c7erkes \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti (Temmuz 1922) ve \u00c7erkes \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti (Ocak 1922). A\u011fustos 1928’de birinci cumhuriyetin ad\u0131ndan “\u00c7erkes” \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ve yaln\u0131z Adige \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti oldu.\u00a0 \u0130kinci cumhuriyette Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti ile birle\u015ftirilerek Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti olu\u015fturuldu. A\u011fustos 1936’da Maykop ve Giagin b\u00f6lgeleri de kat\u0131larak Adige \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin topraklar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1926 Sovyet n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Adige ad\u0131\u00a0 kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bunun yerine b\u00fct\u00fcn Adige gruplar\u0131 i\u00e7in (Kabardiyanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) “\u00c7erkes” ad\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Adige ad\u0131, sonra yeniden kullan\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015f. \u0130ki s\u00f6zc\u00fck etnik anlamda de\u011fil de, b\u00f6lge anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (yani, “Adige” Adige \u00f6zerk Cumhuriyeti’nde ya\u015fayan Adigeler i\u00e7in, ve “\u00c7erkes” Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde ya\u015fayan Adigeler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).
\nAdige Cumhuriyeti, Kuzey Kafkasya’da Rusya Federasyonu’na ba\u011fl\u0131 Krasnodar topraklar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc: 7.600 km2.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkent: Maykop.<\/p>\n

Maykop\u2019un iki kasabas\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Adige \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti, Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra cumhuriyet stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015f ve Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7erisinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus ve Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ortalama n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu 404 bin 390 ki\u015fidir. Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 53.2 km2\u2019dir<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Kaynaklar\u0131\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck bir do\u011fal gaz rezervi.
\nSanayi, makine \u00fcretimi, konserve yiyecek, kereste. ve di\u011fer hafif sanayi kollar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131m: <\/strong>Hububat, t\u00fct\u00fcn, \u015feker pancar\u0131, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, sebze ve meyveler; hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u00fcretimi, k\u00fcmes hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Dil<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ulusal dil Adigece’dir. Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkas dilleri grubundan ve Abhaz-Adige alt grubundand\u0131r Kabardiyan-\u00c7erkes ve Abhazyan-Adige dilleri ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. D\u00f6rt leh\u00e7e grubu bulunmaktad\u0131r : Abzegh ,Bjedugh, Temirgoy ve Shapsugh (asl\u0131nda bunlar d\u00f6rt ana kabile grubunu temsil eder) aralar\u0131ndaki fark fonetiktir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer dillerden al\u0131nan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler olduk\u00e7a fazla fonetik de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130dari ve resmi i\u015flemlerde genellikle Rus\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ancak teorik olarak gerekirse Adigece’de kullan\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n

E\u011fitim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adigece e\u011fitimi verilmekle birlikte dersler genellikle Rus\u00e7a dilinde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maykop’ta bir Pedagoji enstit\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131r. Adige dilinde Radyo, Tv ve gazete-dergi yay\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r <\/p>\n

Okuma-yazma Oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adige Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde %99’un \u00fczerinde bir okuma-yazma oran\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\n1000 ki\u015fiden 270’i ilkokul, 435’i lise, 337’si y\u00fcksekokul mezunudur
\nAnadilini Adigece olarak kabul eden Adigelerin oran\u0131: Kentlerde: % 86.7 K\u00f6ylerde: % 99.2<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a’y\u0131 iyi bilen Adigelerin y\u00fczdesi: Ana dil olarak %4.2, \u0130kinci dil olarak : %76.7<\/p>\n

Din<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adigeler H\u0131ristiyan ve S\u00fcnni’dirler. Say\u0131lar\u0131 bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. B.H. Akbaşev Uluslararası Çerkes Birliği Başkanı Kendi dillerinde: Adige, Rusça’da: Adigeytsi. Adigeler, Adige Özerk Cumhuriyeti’ne yaşarlar; çoğunluğu Laba ve Kuban nehirlerinin aşağı düzlüklerinde zengin toprakların bulunduğu bölgede toplanmıştır, ancak bazıları da Kafkas dağlarının eteklerine yerleşmiştir. Adigeler, Sovyetlerin dağılmasından sonra cumhuriyet statüsü kazanmış ve Rusya Federasyonu içerisinde yer almışlardır. Tarih Adige, birbirleriyle sıkı bağlantıları olan 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