![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image6\/0360-24.JPG\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Fehim Ta\u015ftekin Sava\u015f yok;<\/p>\n Bar\u0131\u015f da yok;<\/p>\n Gerilim had safhada.<\/p>\n KAFKAS VAKFI ABHAZYA RAPORU EK\u0130M 2001<\/strong><\/p>\n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen tek tarafl\u0131 olarak G\u00fcrcistan ile federasyon anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndemine alan Abhazya, hi\u00e7 beklemedi\u011fi bir anda G\u00fcrc\u00fc ordusunun sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na maruz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu bak\u0131mdan G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin harekete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 14 A\u011fustos 1992 tarihi, Abhazya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sosyal ve ekonomik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 getirmekle kalmad\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan ile yeniden bir araya gelme se\u00e7eneklerini de tamamen t\u00fcketti.<\/p>\n SSCB i\u00e7inde Abhazya, G\u00fcney Osetya ve Acarya \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyetleri ile birlikte federal bir yap\u0131ya sahip olan G\u00fcrcistan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa giderken \u00fcniter devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tercih etti. Bununla Abhazya gibi \u00f6zerk bir cumhuriyet yap\u0131s\u0131 yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011fini ilan eden Abhazya Parlamentosu ise, 1992\u2019de G\u00fcrcistan ile federasyon se\u00e7ene\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken Abhaz halk\u0131 da en az\u0131ndan bu se\u00e7ene\u011fe \u015fimdiki kadar uzak de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n Hatta Abhaz taraf\u0131nda bug\u00fcn G\u00fcrcistan Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Eduard \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi \u201cG\u00fcrcistan i\u00e7erisinde geni\u015f yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Abhazya\u201d fikriyle neredeyse \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen federasyon anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 tamamen G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131na katmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan hareket 1992 ve 1993 y\u0131llar\u0131nda binlerce insan\u0131n can\u0131na mal olduktan sonra Abhaz taraf\u0131 da sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi pozisyonunu terk ederek \u201ctam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir hedef olarak se\u00e7ti. \u0130kinci Bir Abhaz-G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in<\/strong><\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn Abhazya yeniden bir sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine getirildi. G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rt ay boyunca ter\u00f6rist yap\u0131lanma i\u00e7erisinde olan yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 ki\u015filik silahl\u0131 bir grup, 2 Ekim tarihinden itibaren Abhazya\u2019ya ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fcnler ya\u015fatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri s\u00f6z konusu grubun Abhazya\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funa dair haberleri inkar etmeyi tercih eden G\u00fcrcistan, lojistik destek sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddialar\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131raksak bile en az\u0131ndan gruba m\u00fcdahale etmemesi nedeniyle geli\u015fmelerden sorumludur. Kald\u0131 ki Abhaz taraf\u0131 grubun G\u00fcrc\u00fc istihbarat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi\u011fine inanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kodor b\u00f6lgesinden Abhazya\u2019ya girerek baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylere sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenleyen grup, bununla da yetinmeyip 9 Ekim\u2019de BM g\u00f6zlemcilerini ta\u015f\u0131yan bir helikopteri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ard\u0131ndan Kodor b\u00f6lgesinin hangi \u00fclkeye ait oldu\u011fu tespit edilemeyen ancak G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Ruslara ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi SU-25\u2019lerce bombalanmas\u0131 Tiflis ve Sohum\u2019un sava\u015f pozisyonu almas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken Rusya da Abhazya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na asker sevkiyat\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu an Abhazya bat\u0131dan G\u00fcrcistan, kuzeyden Rus ordusuyla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n bu kritik ortamdan yararlanarak Abhazya\u2019ya yeniden girip oldu bittiyle b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmesi gibi bir \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fcmit edilmektedir ancak t\u00fcm Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131lar bu konuda son derece endi\u015felidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Abhazlar topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Abhazya ile birlikte SSCB i\u00e7indeki pozisyonunu belirleyen 1978 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 iptal ederek 1921 anayasas\u0131na d\u00f6nmesinin ard\u0131ndan Abhazya Parlamentosu, 1992\u2019de Tiflis ile ili\u015fkilerin hangi esaslar \u00fczerine olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit eden federatif bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisini tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn sabah\u0131nda beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgaline u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131 unutabilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Taraflar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n iki \u00fclkenin g\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcnde sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesine seyirci kalmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1810\u2019da kendi iste\u011fi ile Rusya\u2019n\u0131n himayesi alt\u0131na giren Abhazya, 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6zerk idare sisteminin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla yeni bir s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7ine girdi ve 1870’li y\u0131llarda etnik bir felaket ya\u015fad\u0131. Kafkasya\u2019daki sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Kafkas haklar\u0131n\u0131n aleyhine sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131yla Rusya’n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfuzu artt\u0131. Abhaz halk\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131na tekab\u00fcl eden 300 bine yak\u0131n insan vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fti. Abhazya, yerli halklar\u0131n yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmesiyle Abhazya\u2019ya ba\u015fta G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Megreller olmak \u00fczere Rus, Ermeni, Rum, Bulgar, Alman, Eston gibi halklar yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n 1886’da yap\u0131lan say\u0131ma g\u00f6re Abhazlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 85.7, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerinki ise y\u00fczde 6\u2019yd\u0131. Abhazlar 1897’deki n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda y\u00fczde 55.3 olarak g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcrken G\u00fcrc\u00fcler y\u00fczde 24.4\u2019e y\u00fckseldi. Abhazlar aleyhine n\u00fcfus dengesi ileriki y\u0131llarda da bozulmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n 1917’de Rusya’daki Bol\u015fevik ihtilalinin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda siyasi bo\u015fluk ve karga\u015fan\u0131n verdi\u011fi f\u0131rsatla Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti i\u00e7inde yer alan Abhazya, bu devletin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte SSCB\u2019ye dahil olmu\u015f ve 1921\u2019de Abhazya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti’ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Abhazya’ya as\u0131l darbeyi aslen bir G\u00fcrc\u00fc olan Stalin vurdu. Abhazya, SSCB dahilindeki 10. y\u0131l\u0131nda yani 1931’de \u201ccumhuriyet\u201dten \u201c\u00f6zerk cumhuriyet\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek G\u00fcrcistan’a ba\u011fland\u0131. Abhazya, G\u00fcrcistan’a ba\u011flanmakla kalmad\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131 ile Abhazlar kendi \u00fclkelerinde az\u0131nl\u0131k konumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 diasporaya g\u00f6nderen Abhazya, 1900’lerde y\u00fczde 55 olan n\u00fcfus oran\u0131n\u0131n 1970’lere gelinceye kadar y\u00fczde 18’e d\u00fc\u015fmesine engel olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n 1937-1953 d\u00f6neminde G\u00fcrcistan’\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerinden Abhazya’ya on binlerce G\u00fcrc\u00fc yerle\u015ftirildi. 1939’da y\u00fczde 30 olan G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusu 1959’da y\u00fczde 39.1\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131 istikrar\u0131ndan bir \u015fey kaybetmeden devam ederken G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin Abhazya\u2019daki oran\u0131 1970’de y\u00fczde 41\u2019e, 1979’da y\u00fczde 43\u2019e, 1989’da ise y\u00fczde 49\u2019a y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n 1978’de ya\u015fanan olaylar \u00fczerine 1977’de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan SSCB’nin yeni anayasas\u0131 esas al\u0131narak Abhazya ve G\u00fcrcistan anayasalar\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirildi. Yeni anayasa eskisine oranla siyasal haklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir numara daha b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ama Nas\u0131l? Sovyetler \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda ili\u015fkileri son derece gergin olan Abhazya ve G\u00fcrcistan, 1990\u2019dan sonra her an \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r bir duruma geldi. Milliyet\u00e7i kanad\u0131n lideri Zviad Gamsahurdiya\u2019n\u0131n Ekim 1990\u2019da iktidara gelmesinden sonra G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da geli\u015fen olaylar, kutupla\u015fmay\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n 18 Mart 1989\u2019da on binlerce Abhaz’\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 sonucunda SSCB\u2019den Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n bir zamanlar kaybetti\u011fi birlik cumhuriyeti stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn iadesi istendi.<\/p>\n Temmuz 1989\u2019da 19 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanan G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Abhaz \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar Tiflis-Sohum ili\u015fkilerini gerginle\u015ftirirken G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da da milliyet\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n kam\u00e7\u0131lanmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n 25 A\u011fustos 1990’da Abhazya’n\u0131n kaderini belirleyen egemenlik deklarasyonu yay\u0131nland\u0131. Abhazya Y\u00fcksek Sovyeti\u2019nin kabul etti\u011fi deklarasyon Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 \u201cakit edilen antla\u015fmalar temelinde g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak SSCB\u2019ye ve G\u00fcrcistan SSC\u2019ye devredilen hukuk alanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kendi topraklar\u0131nda iktidar\u0131n tamam\u0131na sahip, egemen, sosyalist bir devlet\u201d olarak ilan ediyordu.<\/p>\n Gorba\u00e7ov devriyle birlikte start alan glasnost s\u00fcreci Abhazya’n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k isteklerini kam\u00e7\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi G\u00fcrcistan’da da ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonu\u00e7 olarak Sovyetler\u2019den kopma s\u00fcreci i\u015fliyordu. G\u00fcrcistan glasnost s\u00fcrecinde 1921’den itibaren al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcm hukuki metinleri iptal etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Tiflis K\u0131skac\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Stalin’in 1953’te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine Orta Asya ve Sibirya’ya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00c7e\u00e7en, \u0130ngu\u015f ve Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131lara yeniden vatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6nme umudu belirirken Abhazlar da kaybettikleri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131na kavu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131. Ancak bu birden bire de\u011fil yine bir s\u00fcrecin sonunda gelinen noktayd\u0131. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, G\u00fcrcistan’\u0131n Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 anayasal k\u0131skaca alma giri\u015fimleri ters tepmi\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131kan olaylar \u00fczerine yeni bir yasal d\u00fczenleme zorunlu hale gelmi\u015fti. Tabi bu arada 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Rusya ile \u00e7etin sava\u015flara giri\u015fmi\u015f olan Abhazlar, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle yeniden Moskova\u2019ya yak\u0131n durma e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterdi. \u00c7ok say\u0131da Abhaz ayd\u0131n\u0131n da deste\u011fi ile Abhazya’n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan’\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 1957, 1964, 1967 ve 1978 y\u0131llar\u0131nda mitingler tertip edildi.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan \u015eubat 1992\u2019de cumhuriyetin 1978 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rarak Sovyet \u00f6ncesi 1921 Anayasas\u0131\u2019na d\u00f6nme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. 1878 anayasas\u0131n\u0131 la\u011fvederek 1921’e geri d\u00f6nen G\u00fcrcistan, Abhazya ile ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenleyen son belgeyi de b\u00f6ylece h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n SSCB zaman\u0131nda Abhazya’y\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan’a ba\u011flayan anayasal metinleri ge\u00e7ersiz sayan Tiflis, \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir tutumla Abhazya topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan i\u00e7inde m\u00fctalaa etme e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Abhaz taraf\u0131 da buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Abhaz-G\u00fcrc\u00fc ili\u015fkilerinin hangi esaslar \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyece\u011fini tespit etmek i\u00e7in Tiflis’e \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larda bulundu ancak cevap alamay\u0131nca 23 Temmuz 1992\u2019de 1978 Abhazya \u00d6SSC Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rusya i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir diplomasi tecr\u00fcbesi olan Eduard \u015eevardnadze’nin iktidar\u0131 yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve umut olarak alg\u0131land\u0131. Mart 1992\u2019de Tiflis\u2019e gelen \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u201cAbhazya meselesinin Tiflis\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fi\u201d \u015feklinde olmas\u0131 iyimserlik havas\u0131n\u0131 bozdu. G\u00fcrc\u00fc lider Abhazya \u00d6SSC diye bir yap\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini dikkate alm\u0131yordu. \u00a0Hatta daha \u00f6nce Tiflis\u2019e yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakere \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde de cevaps\u0131z kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Abhazya, yeni anayasa kabul edilinceye kadar 1925 Anayasas\u0131\u2019na d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ilan etmekle birlikte, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019la bir antla\u015fma tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca hukuk\u00e7u Taras \u015eamba\u2019n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Abhazya Cumhuriyeti ile G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyeti aras\u0131nda egemen devletler olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenleyen bir antla\u015fma tasla\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 gazetede yay\u0131nlanarak s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6neriler kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Tasla\u011fa g\u00f6re cumhuriyetler \u201cdevlet birli\u011fi\u201d i\u00e7inde \u201cfederatif ili\u015fkiler\u201d kuracakt\u0131. Anla\u015fman\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde \u201cAbhazya Cumhuriyeti, G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyeti ile g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak birle\u015fir ve G\u00fcrcistan ve Abhazya anayasalar\u0131yla G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin y\u00f6netimine b\u0131rak\u0131lan yetkiler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kendi topraklar\u0131nda yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131 erklerine tam olarak sahiptir\u201d deniliyordu.<\/p>\n Taslak, Abhazya Y\u00fcksek Sovyet\u2019inin g\u00fcndemine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatta Abhaz Parlamentosu 14 A\u011fustos 1992\u2019daki oturumunda tasla\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fecekti ancak ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn erken saatlerde hesaplar\u0131 alt\u00fcst eden geli\u015fme ya\u015fand\u0131: G\u00fcrc\u00fcler Abhazya\u2019ya girdi.<\/p>\n Abhazya 1992-1993 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki olaylar\u0131, devletleraras\u0131 sava\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zannediliyordu. O zaman Abhazya\u2019da sava\u015fa kat\u0131lacak olan Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler ordusu hesapta de\u011fildi. G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ve daha ilk g\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmet binalar\u0131, televizyon merkezi, en \u00f6nemli ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irildi. Ancak sava\u015f\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren Abhaz taraf\u0131 Ad\u0131geler, Abazalar, \u00c7e\u00e7enler, Ermeniler hatta Ruslardan olu\u015fan G\u00fcrc\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler ordusuyla g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131nca ibre ters d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Abhazya beklemedi\u011fi bu sava\u015fta be\u015f bin ki\u015fiyi kurban verdi. Binlerce insan yaraland\u0131 binlercesi de sakat kald\u0131. Bir y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcren sava\u015f\u0131n Abhazya’ya verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131n 10 milyar dolara ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n arzu etti\u011fi mecrada gitmeyince Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Sohum\u2019a bask\u0131 yapmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. 27 Temmuz 1993\u2019de So\u00e7i\u2019de ate\u015fkes antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re G\u00fcrc\u00fc birlikleri ve b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler Abhazya topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terkedecek, Abhaz iktidar\u0131 yarg\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden kuracakt\u0131. Ancak anla\u015fman\u0131n pratikte bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olamayaca\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Taraflar birbirlerine kesinlikle g\u00fcvenmiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n 3 Eyl\u00fcl 1993\u2019te Moskova\u2019da Boris Yeltsin, Eduard \u015eevardnadze ve Vladislav Ardz\u0131nba yeniden bir araya geldi. Zorlu ge\u00e7en g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler bir sonu\u00e7 belgesinin imzalanmas\u0131yla sona erdi.<\/p>\n Bu belgeye g\u00f6re ate\u015fkes yap\u0131lacak, G\u00fcrc\u00fc birlikler \u00e7ekilecek, sava\u015f esirlerinin de\u011fi\u015fimi ve\u00a0 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sa\u011flanacak, Abhazya iktidar organlar\u0131 t\u00fcm cumhuriyet topraklar\u0131nda yeniden organize olacakt\u0131. Ancak ne G\u00fcrc\u00fcler mevzilerinden \u00e7ekildi ne de anla\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer maddeleri uygulanabildi. Sava\u015f yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde devam etti.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan ile Abhazya\u2019ya arac\u0131l\u0131k yapan Rusya 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1993\u2019de anayasal sorunlar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken sava\u015f yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131. Abhazlar kaybettikleri yerleri teker teker geri alarak 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1993\u2019te bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ngur nehrindeki Abhazya-G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f, Gagra, Sohum, O\u00e7am\u00e7\u0131ra ve Gal b\u00f6lgelerin Abhazlar\u0131n denetimine ge\u00e7mesiyle 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1993\u2019e son buldu.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan ve Abhazya aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kabul edilebilir bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ancak sava\u015f\u0131n sona ermesinden iki ay sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130lk raunt 1 Aral\u0131k 1993\u2019de Cenevre\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Buradaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucunda imzalanan \u201cAnlay\u0131\u015f Memorandumu\u201d olduk\u00e7a iyimser bir tablo sergiliyordu.<\/p>\n Taraflar siyasi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmayacaklar veya kullanma tehdidinde bulunmayacaklard\u0131. \u201cHerkese kar\u015f\u0131 herkes\u201d ilkesiyle sava\u015f esirlerinin de\u011fi\u015fimi, g\u00f6\u00e7men probleminin halledilmesi, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fc gibi konularda tavsiyeler haz\u0131rlayacak olan bir uzman grubunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n 1993’ten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelinceye kadar BM ve AG\u0130T’in de dahil oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler trafi\u011finde 350’nin \u00fczerinde durak yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve 400 civar\u0131nda belge imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n 1 Aral\u0131k 1993, 11-13 Ocak 1994 ve 22-25 \u015eubat Cenevre g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri, 7-9 Mart New York g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi iki taraf aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yoluyla halledilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fiyle son buldu.<\/p>\n 29-31 Mart 1994 Moskova g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 terkeden m\u00fcltecilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f prosed\u00fcrleri \u00fczerine konu\u015fuldu.<\/p>\n 4 Nisan 1994 Moskova’da BM Genel Sekreteri’nin G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Abhaz sorununa ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel temsilcisi E. Burunner, Rusya temsilcisi B. Postukhov, AG\u0130T temsilcisi V. Manno’nun g\u00f6zetiminde biraraya gelen taraflar politik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunu benimserken ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcltecilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc konusunda BM M\u00fclteciler y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi’ne yetki devrinde bulunuyordu. Burada G\u00fcrcistan-Abhazya anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n siyasi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm tedbirleri hakk\u0131nda bildiri yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu a\u015famada taraflar d\u0131\u015f politika ve d\u0131\u015f ekonomik ili\u015fkiler, s\u0131n\u0131r hizmeti, g\u00fcmr\u00fck hizmeti, enerji, ula\u015f\u0131m, haberle\u015fme, ekoloji ve do\u011fal afetlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi, insan ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra ulusal az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda ortak faaliyet i\u00e7in mutabakata vard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n S\u0131n\u0131rdaki g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geri \u00e7ekilmesine ate\u015fkes s\u00fcrecinin devam etmesine ve s\u0131n\u0131rdaki g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geri \u00e7ekilmesine ve tampon b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ise 14 May\u0131s 1994’te Moskova’da, yine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin devam\u0131na karar verilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanan \u015eevardnadze-Ardz\u0131nba g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi ise 14 A\u011fustos 1994’te Moskova’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n 31 A\u011fustos 1994 Cenevre g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi ise G\u00fcrc\u00fc askerlerin Kodor’u terk etmelerini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Ayr\u0131ca sava\u015fa kat\u0131lanlar ve su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenler hari\u00e7 Abhazya’y\u0131 terk edenlerin Gal b\u00f6lgesine d\u00f6nmesini uygun g\u00f6ren bir anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1994’te iki \u00fclke liderleri Novy Afon’da bulu\u015farak eskiden al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi yinelerken Transkafkasya Demiryolu’nun yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruldu.<\/p>\n Sohum’da\u00a0 17 Eyl\u00fcl 1994 tarihinde yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ise G\u00fcrc\u00fcler Kodor\u2019u terk edinceye kadar geri g\u00f6\u00e7 i\u015flemlerinin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verildi.<\/p>\n \u015eevardnadze-Ardz\u0131nba aras\u0131nda 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1994’te So\u00e7i’de yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede Yeltsin de bulundu. 1997’de G\u00fcrcistan’a federasyon \u00f6neren Abhazya, 1992’de oldu\u011fu gibi\u00a0 olumlu yada olumsuz cevap alamay\u0131nca teklifini geri \u00e7ekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n 26 May\u0131s 1998’de yeni bir sava\u015f provas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Abhaz taraf\u0131n\u0131n Tiflis destekli dedi\u011fi silahl\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc gruplar Gal b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal etmeye kalk\u0131nca \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve G\u00fcrcistan ile be\u015f y\u0131l sonra yeniden sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelindi. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 iyi gitmeyen G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Abhaz diyaloguna darbe vurdu ancak BM, AG\u0130T ve Rusya’n\u0131n arabuluculuklar\u0131 sonucu 16-18 Ekim 1998\u2019de Atina’da ard\u0131ndan 7-9 Haziran 1999’da \u0130stanbul’da ve 15-16 Mart 2001’de Yalta’da taraflar biraraya geldi. Bu toplant\u0131larda da daha \u00f6nce karara var\u0131l\u0131p da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konamam\u0131\u015f hususlar tekrar masaya yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015f teyit edildi.<\/p>\n Abhazya 3 Ekim 1999’da referanduma giderek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnde oy kulland\u0131. 2001 bahar ve yaz aylar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 rehine krizleriyle ge\u00e7iren Abhazya ve G\u00fcrcistan, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine kadar bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0131l\u0131k bir ortam olu\u015fmu\u015fken birden bire ibre sava\u015ftan yana d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 1 Ekim\u2019de Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc geleneksel radyo konu\u015fmas\u0131nda G\u00fcrcistan lideri Eduard \u015eevardnadze, Sohum\u2019u ziyaret etmekten bahsedince ba\u015fta b\u00f6lgedeki BM temsilcisi Dieter Boden olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evreler G\u00fcrcistan-Abhazya yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131ndan olumlu sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131na dair umutlar beslemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ama hesapta olmayan geli\u015fmeler her iki taraf\u0131 da 1992\u2019nin e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi. Yani yeniden sava\u015f r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 esmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcme Mahkum Eden Ambargo G\u00fcrcistan, planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa zamanda kendine ba\u011flamay\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131 ve 1994’de ya\u015fanan yo\u011fun diplomasi trafi\u011fi fiyasko ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Ancak G\u00fcrcistan ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 diplomatik giri\u015fimler sonucu 1995\u2019te Abhaz halk\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131kla imtihan eden ambargo karan\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Ama\u00e7 Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadan soyutlayarak Tiflis\u2019in istedi\u011fi \u00e7izgiye \u00e7ekmekti. Ancak hala devam eden ambargo Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u0131pratm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte G\u00fcrcistan da istedi\u011fi sonucu tam olarak elde edemedi.<\/p>\n Abhazya, ambargo nedeniyle ihra\u00e7 krizine girdi\u011fi gibi ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ithal etmesi de a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlara ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn Abhazya, bolca \u00fcretti\u011fi narenciye \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini bir ad\u0131m \u00f6tedeki So\u00e7i pazar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilme imkan\u0131na sahip de\u011fil. Yer alt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc zenginliklerini d\u00fcnya pazarlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderemeyen Abhazya en temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddesi olan ila\u00e7lar\u0131 bile d\u0131\u015fardan getirmekte zorlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u0130leti\u015fim Ve Seyahat \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Darbe \u0130leti\u015fim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda Abhazya, \u201c\u0130leti\u015fim a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dna da mahkum edildi. \u0130leti\u015fim altyap\u0131s\u0131 tamamen G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Abhazya\u2019da telefonla irtibat kurmak, mektup g\u00f6ndermek ve telgraf \u00e7ekmek b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun. Uluslararas\u0131 hat say\u0131s\u0131 son derece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. Ve Moskova yada Tiflis istemedi\u011fi zaman Abhazya\u2019ya ula\u015fmak ya da Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor.<\/p>\n Karayolu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 askeri denetim alt\u0131nda tutulan Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lan pencereleri yani Karadeniz\u2019deki limanlar\u0131 da kontrol alt\u0131nda. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki ula\u015f\u0131m ambargosu ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan darbe etkisi yapman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fcnya ile klasik ileti\u015fim kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde de en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel.<\/p>\n Defacto ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131na verdi\u011fi belgelerin di\u011fer devletler taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc diye bir \u015feyden s\u00f6z etmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Abhazya kendi vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir belge, kimlik veya pasaport ile Abhazya d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6nderemiyor.<\/p>\n \u0130stenildi\u011fi zaman Abhazya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bile ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeyi ziyaret etmesi resmi prosed\u00fcrler gere\u011fi rahatl\u0131kla engellenebilir.<\/p>\n \u00c7ok G\u00f6r\u00fclen G\u0131da Yard\u0131mlar\u0131 Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda Abhazya uluslararas\u0131 yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen yard\u0131mlardan da yeterince yararlanma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 yakalayamad\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 insani yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve devletler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilen g\u0131da, ila\u00e7 ve di\u011fer ekonomik yard\u0131mlar G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emedi. Tiflis\u2019in yard\u0131mlar konusunda sava\u015f\u0131n as\u0131l ma\u011fduru Abhazya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 engelleyici bir rol \u00fcstlendi\u011fi biliniyor.<\/p>\n Diplomasi A\u00e7maz\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Daha adaletsiz olan\u0131 ise di\u011fer devletler taraf\u0131ndan resmen tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir G\u00fcrcistan kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n kendini uluslararas\u0131 platformlarda savunacak imkanlara sahip olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu Abhaz tezlerinin de ba\u015fka ortamlarda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131yor. En az\u0131ndan Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n kendini savunma hakk\u0131ndan yoksun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek abart\u0131l\u0131 say\u0131lmaz. Bu nedenle de G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 diplomasi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun y\u00f6nlendirmedeki f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n aleyhine bir s\u00fcreci i\u015fletmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu en fazla g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f polemi\u011finde kendini hissettiriyor. Abhazya \u015fimdiye kadar geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde 70 bin ki\u015finin terk ettikleri topraklar\u0131na yeniden yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fini d\u00fcnyaya anlatma \u015fans\u0131na sahip olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n M\u00fclteci Sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Abhaz sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Abhazya\u2019dan ayr\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin say\u0131s\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00fczerinde en fazla f\u0131rt\u0131nalar kopar\u0131lan bir konu. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n arg\u00fcman\u0131na g\u00f6re sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda say\u0131lar\u0131 220 bin oldu\u011fu belirtilen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden 70 bini anla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Bunu Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da teyit ediyor. G\u00fcrc\u00fc y\u00f6netiminin iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin say\u0131s\u0131 320 bin. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 Abhazya 1989 say\u0131m\u0131nda Abhazya\u2019da ya\u015fayan G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusun 239 bin olarak tespit edildi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatarak rakamlar\u0131n abart\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunuyor. Abhaz taraf\u0131na g\u00f6re, Tiflis 1994\u2019de var\u0131lan m\u00fcltecilerin peyderpey d\u00f6nmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren anla\u015fmay\u0131 bir kenara iterek toplu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunuyor ve b\u00f6ylece m\u00fclteci sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc geciktiriyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda G\u00fcrcistan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f m\u00fclteci meselesini Sohum aleyhine uluslararas\u0131 platformda koz olarak kullan\u0131yor. Bir iddia da \u015f\u00f6yle: G\u00fcrcistan BM M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nden daha fazla yard\u0131m alabilmek i\u00e7in m\u00fcltecilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak y\u00fcksek g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n Sohum, Tiflis\u2019in Abhazya\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmayan G\u00fcrc\u00fcleri hesaba katmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu rakam\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 bin civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funa vurgu yap\u0131yor. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 2 bin civar\u0131nda Svan\u2019\u0131n \u015fu an Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde olmayan Kodor vadisinde bulundu\u011fu, 20-30 bin civar\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fcn\u00fcn de sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda yerle\u015ftikleri Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015famaya devam etti\u011fi hususu g\u00f6\u00e7men sorununun dikkate al\u0131nmayan y\u00f6nlerini te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p>\n 1994\u2019te g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle ilgili olarak G\u00fcrcistan, Abhazya, Rusya Federasyonu ve BM temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan anla\u015fma \u015funu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n \u201cYer de\u011fi\u015ftiren ki\u015filerin tutuklanma, al\u0131konma, hapis ve cezai kovu\u015fturmaya u\u011frama riski olmadan bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde d\u00f6nme haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu dokunulmazl\u0131k \u015fu durumlardaki ki\u015filer i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir: Askeri su\u00e7lar veya insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar i\u015fledi\u011fine, a\u011f\u0131r c\u00fcr\u00fcm i\u015fledi\u011fine, daha \u00f6nce muharebe faaliyetlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise Abhazya\u2019da muharebe faaliyetlerine haz\u0131rlanan silahl\u0131 olu\u015fumlar i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011funa dair ciddi i\u015faretler varsa.\u201d<\/p>\n Ancak antla\u015fman\u0131n maddeleri pratikte i\u015flemiyor, problemin kendisi ise k\u0131s\u0131r tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n konusu olarak kalmaya devam ediyor. Tiflis, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin sava\u015ftan \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlere h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde mutlaka toplu olarak d\u00f6nmesinden yana.<\/p>\n Abhazya ise antla\u015fma maddelerinin tam olarak uygulanmas\u0131ndaki \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce Sohum Abhazlara kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara girmi\u015f ki\u015filerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne s\u0131cak bakm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n amac\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi Abhazya\u2019daki demografik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden elde etmek. Abhazya g\u00f6\u00e7men sorununun t\u00fcm sorunlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7men sorunu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6zmen sorunu kal\u0131c\u0131 siyasi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ile birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir\u201d fikrinden hareket ediyor. \u015eevardnadze\u2019ye g\u00f6re ise, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f sorununu \u201cas\u0131l problem\u201ddir ve bu sorun halledildikten sonra di\u011fer sorunlara s\u0131ra gelir.<\/p>\n Abhazya i\u00e7in acil olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenlerden biri de seyahat h\u00fcrriyetinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flardaki zorluklar nedeniyle diasporadaki Abhazlar anavatanlar\u0131ndaki akrabalar\u0131yla ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirme \u015fans\u0131na sahip de\u011filler.\u00a0Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6nderilebilmesi, ticari ili\u015fkilerin kurulmas\u0131 ambargonun kalkmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fehim Taştekin Ajans Kafkas Genel Koordinatörü Savaş yok; Barış da yok; Gerilim had safhada. KAFKAS VAKFI ABHAZYA RAPORU EKİM 2001 Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasının ardından bağımsızlığını ilan etmiş olmasına rağmen tek taraflı olarak Gürcistan ile federasyon anlaşmasını gündemine alan Abhazya, hiç beklemediği bir anda Gürcü ordusunun saldırısına maruz kaldı. Bu bakımdan Gürcülerin harekete geçtiği 14 Ağustos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10582"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10584,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10582\/revisions\/10584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/strong>Ajans Kafkas Genel Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\nS\u00fcrg\u00fcn Tarihi<\/h3>\n
\n
\n<\/b><\/p>\nBeklenmedik Anda Sava\u015f<\/h3>\n
Sava\u015f\u0131 Durdurma \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h3>\n
\u00a0Bitmeyen Bar\u0131\u015f Trafi\u011fi<\/h3>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n