{"id":10610,"date":"2019-03-18T16:01:46","date_gmt":"2019-03-18T21:01:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=10610"},"modified":"2019-03-18T16:01:46","modified_gmt":"2019-03-18T21:01:46","slug":"cerkesler-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/cerkesler-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ERKESLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Prof. B. H. Akba\u015fev
\n<\/strong>Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7erkes Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n

Tarih<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kendi dillerinde: Adige; ve Abadzeck, Besleney, Bjedugh, Gaytukay, Yererukoy, Kemgoy, Keak, Nathua\u00e7, Shapsugh, Temirgoy gibi kabilevi isimler; Rus\u00e7a’da: \u00c7erkesi. \u00c7erkeslerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes kavram\u0131, “Tatar” kavram\u0131 gibi, ayr\u0131 zamanlarda ayr\u0131 anlamlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7erkesler Adige (bkz. s.184) grubuna aittirler ve \u00c7erkes ad\u0131n\u0131n Adige kabilevi adlar\u0131ndan biri olan Kerketi’den geldi\u011fi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Eski Rus kroniklerinde (ve kayinamelerinde) bu grubun tamam\u0131ndan Kasogi\/Kosagi olarak s\u00f6z edilir; hemen hemen ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde (M.S. 10.y\u00fczy\u0131l) Araplar, Farslar ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcler aras\u0131nda ise Ka\u015fak olarak bilinirlerdi. 13.y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak \u00c7erkes ad\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Ancak ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yaln\u0131z Adigeler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcney Ukrayna halk\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu kavram \u00c7erkes \u015feklinde, Kuzey Kafkasya insanlar\u0131 (Abhazlar, Abazalar, Osetler vb) i\u00e7in bir genel isim olarak kabul edilmi\u015f ve hala T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa kaynaklar\u0131nda bu anlamda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1926 Sovyet n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Kabardeyler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn Adige halklar\u0131 i\u00e7in “\u00c7erkes” ad\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra, belli b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan (\u00f6zellikle Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde) Adigeler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r oldu ve bug\u00fcn hala bu anlamda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu arada, “Adige” (yerli konu\u015fma dilinde her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi) bu grup i\u00e7in genel etnik bir deyi\u015f durumuna geldi. 1926 ve 1959 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00c7erkes n\u00fcfusunun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc say\u0131da ger\u00e7ek azalmadan \u00e7ok deyi\u015f anlamlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden belirlenmesinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(\u00c7erkeslerin tarihi i\u00e7in Adige b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n\u0131z.)<\/p>\n

Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti Ocak 1922’de Rusya Federasyonu’na ba\u011fl\u0131 Stavropol topraklar\u0131nda (kray) olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur; y\u00f6netim merkezi (\u015fimdi \u00c7erkessk olarak bilinen) Batalpa\u015finsk’tir. Nisan 1926’da iki b\u00f6lge birbirinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda zaten ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 zikredilmi\u015flerdi) ve Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6zerk Vilayeti ile 1928’de \u00f6zerk vilayete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek olan \u00c7erkes Ulusal B\u00f6lgesi meydana getirilmi\u015ftir. Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6zerk Vilayeti ilga edildi ve 1957’de yeniden kuruldu\u011funda yine \u00c7erkes Vilayeti’yle birle\u015ftirilerek Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti olu\u015fturuldu ve \u00c7erkessk’de y\u00f6netim merkezi oldu.<\/p>\n

27 Temmuz 1922’de Adige-\u00c7erkes \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti kuruldu; A\u011fustos 1928’de Adige \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti oldu. Daha \u00f6nce \u00c7erkes olarak bilinen yerli halk \u015fimdi “Adige” olarak bilinmektedir (bkz. Adigeler).<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n

<\/strong>\u00c7erkes N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131: \u00c7erkes+Adige<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1926<\/td>\n65.270<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1959<\/td>\n30.453<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970<\/td>\n39.785<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1979<\/td>\n46.470<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Dil<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ulusal dil \u00c7erkesce’dir. Kabardey diliyle birlikte bir yaz\u0131n dili olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilir ve buna “Kabardino-\u00c7erkes” olarak at\u0131fta bulunulur. Kuzey-Bat\u0131 Kafkas dilleri grubuna ve Abhazca-Adige alt grubuna aittir. Adige diline olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131nd\u0131r ve her iki dil (Kabardino-\u00c7erkes ve Adige) de kendi konu\u015fanlar\u0131nca Adyga-bze \u015feklinde ifade edilir. Kabardino-\u00c7erkes dilinde d\u00f6rt ana leh\u00e7e grubu vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0B\u00fcy\u00fck Kabardiya,
\n2)\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Mozdok b\u00f6lgesi,
\n3)\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Besleneyler (\u015fu anda \u00c7erkes halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan grup; yani Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk\u2019de ya\u015fayanlar),
\n4)\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Kuban b\u00f6lgesi.<\/p>\n

Aralar\u0131ndaki farklar genellikle fonetik ve norfolojiktir. S\u00f6zc\u00fck haznesinde \u00f6nemli say\u0131da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Fars\u00e7a ve Arap\u00e7a (\u00f6zellikle din alan\u0131nda) s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra olduk\u00e7a \u00e7ok Rus\u00e7a s\u00f6zc\u00fck bulunmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim, hukuk ve di\u011fer resmi i\u015flemlerde genellikle Rus\u00e7a kullan\u0131l\u0131r, ancak teoride, gerekirse \u00c7erkesce de kullan\u0131labilir. \u00d6\u011fretim dili olarak \u00c7erkesce t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z, \u00f6\u011fretim dilinin Rus\u00e7a oldu\u011fu okullarda 1-10 s\u0131n\u0131flarda se\u00e7meli ders olarak okutulmaktad\u0131r. Hem Kabardino-Balkar Cumhuriyetinde hem Kara\u00e7ay \u00c7erkessk’te Kabardino-\u00c7erkes dilinde radyo, tv, gazete ve s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z bunlar bilimsel, teknik ve okul kitab\u0131 niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Ana dili \u00c7erkesce olanlar\u0131n y\u00fczdesi
\n\u00c7erkes+Adige
\nKentlerde %75.3 K\u0131rsal kesimde 96.5<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a’y\u0131 iyi bilen \u00c7erkeslerin y\u00fczdesi
\nAna dil olarak %5.9, ikinci dil olarak % 69.6<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olmak \u00fczere Ortado\u011fu\u2019da say\u0131lar\u0131 tam bilinmemekle birlikte Kafkasya’dakinden bir ka\u00e7 kat\u0131 \u00c7erkes vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. B. H. Akbaşev Uluslararası Çerkes Birliği Başkanı Tarih Kendi dillerinde: Adige; ve Abadzeck, Besleney, Bjedugh, Gaytukay, Yererukoy, Kemgoy, Keak, Nathuaç, Shapsugh, Temirgoy gibi kabilevi isimler; Rusça’da: Çerkesi. Çerkeslerin çoğunluğu Karaçay-Çerkessk Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde yaşamaktadır. Çerkes kavramı, “Tatar” kavramı gibi, ayrı zamanlarda ayrı anlamlarda kullanıldığı için yanıltıcıdır. Çerkesler Adige (bkz. s.184) grubuna aittirler ve Çerkes adının 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