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P\u015f\u0131maf Ko\u015fbay\u00a0 (\u041a\u043e\u0449\u0431\u044d\u0435 \u041f\u0449\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0444)<\/strong> Tembot K’era\u015f. Bu ad\u0131 duymayan ve bu ada sayg\u0131 duymayan, edebiyata kar\u015f\u0131 ilgisi olan tek bir ki\u015fi bile yoktur Adigey’de desek abart\u0131 olmaz san\u0131r\u0131m. Sadece Adigey’de de\u011fil, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkemizin (SSCB -HCY) de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerinde, d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerde de tan\u0131n\u0131yor bu b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131m\u0131z, yap\u0131tlar\u0131 yay\u0131nlan\u0131yor ve zevkle okunuyor. Bu s\u00f6zlerimin do\u011frulu\u011funu \u00f6rneklerle tan\u0131tlayay\u0131m.<\/p>\n Y\u0131llardan beri yay\u0131nevimizde (Adige Yay\u0131nevi -HCY) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktay\u0131m. Bu nedenle Adigey’deki yazar, bilim insan\u0131 ve okuyucu kitlesi ile s\u00fcrekli bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7indeyim. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkemizin de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinden ve d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerden gelen\u00a0 yaz\u0131lar da elimden ge\u00e7iyor. Gelen yaz\u0131larda ad\u0131 en \u00e7ok ge\u00e7en ki\u015fi SSCB<\/strong> Devlet \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong> sahibi ve Adige d\u00fczyaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temelini atan, b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131m\u0131z Tembot<\/strong> K’era\u015f<\/strong>‘d\u0131r. En \u00e7ok da onun yap\u0131tlar\u0131 istenmektedir.<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkemizin de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00a0bulunuyorum. Oralarda benden hangi ulusa mensup oldu\u011fum soruluyordu. Do\u011frusunu s\u00f6ylemem gerekirse, Adigelerin Kuzey Kafkasya’da ya\u015fayan bir ulus oldu\u011funu duymayan \u00e7ok ki\u015fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m ama Tembot K’era\u015f<\/strong> ile \u0130shak Me\u015fba\u015f<\/strong>‘\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fimde; asl\u0131nda \u00a0bizi, sand\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan da \u00a0daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131makta olduklar\u0131na tan\u0131k oluyordum.<\/p>\n Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Bulgaristan<\/strong>‘da idim. Orada \u00e7ok say\u0131da dost da edindim. Tembot K’era\u015f’\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 okumu\u015f ki\u015filerdi bunlar. Adigey’e gelen, Tembot K’era\u015f ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen ve onun bilge s\u00f6zlerini dinleme mutlulu\u011funa eren Bulgar genci say\u0131s\u0131 az de\u011fildi. Bulgar okuyucusunu yazara bu denli ba\u011flayan ba\u011f, Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n kendisinin Bulgar Edebiyat\u0131’na derinlemesine vak\u0131f olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Tembot K’era\u015f, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Bulgar yazar\u0131 \u0130van Vazov<\/strong>‘un yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 okumu\u015ftu. Ard\u0131ndan Ludmil Stoyanov<\/strong> ve Kamen Kol\u00e7ev<\/strong>‘in yaz\u0131lar\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u00e7lerinde en \u00e7ok \u00a0da “T\u00fct\u00fcn”<\/strong> \u00a0roman\u0131ndan etkilenmi\u015fti. Bulgar okuyucular bunlar\u0131 bana istekle anlatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n Ekim 1986’da Suriye’ye gitmi\u015ftim. Bir yazar oldu\u011fumu \u00f6\u011frenen Adigeler etraf\u0131mda topland\u0131lar. Ya\u015fl\u0131, gen\u00e7, kad\u0131n erkek hemen herkes Tembot K’era\u015f’\u0131 soruyordu. Biri “Mutluluk Yolu”<\/strong> \u00a0(\u041d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0433\u0443) \u00fczerinde duruyor, bir di\u011feri “Sapsugh K\u0131z\u0131”<\/strong>ndan (\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d) s\u00f6z ediyor, “Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Anan\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131”<\/strong> (\u041d\u044b 1\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043f\u0445\u044a\u0443), “Kuko” <\/strong>(\u041a\u0443\u043a\u043e), “At \u00c7oban\u0131 ile Kibirli K\u0131z” <\/strong>(\u0428\u0430\u0445\u044a\u043e\u043c\u0440\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0448\u044a\u044d \u043f\u0430\u0433\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d), “Hacret” <\/strong>(\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0440\u044d\u0442;Ka\u00e7ak), “Abadzehli Avc\u0131” <\/strong>(\u0410\u0431\u0434\u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d \u0448\u044d\u043a1\u043e\u0436\u044a\u044b\u0440) gibi Tembot K’era\u015f’\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131tlardan s\u00f6z ediyorlard\u0131. Ancak bu son y\u0131llarda yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu “Tek Atl\u0131” <\/strong>(\u0428\u044b\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u0443) roman\u0131 en fazla ilgilerini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir \u00fclkede bulunan bu soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z bu son yap\u0131t\u0131 yak\u0131n bir ilgiyle kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f, be\u011fenilerini ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131. Adige geleneksel ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n, giyim ku\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n, eski Adige diyar\u0131ndaki \u00a0ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde romanda yeniden canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki okuyucular\u0131 derinden etkilemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u00dclkemizdeki ya da d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki okuyucular\u0131n Tembot K’era\u015f’\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilgiyle okumalar\u0131, sevmeleri ve bunlar\u0131 ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n birer par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirmi\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni ne olabilirdi? Yazar halk\u0131n\u0131n iyi \u00f6zelliklerini vurguluyor, onlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6\u011feleri d\u0131\u015fl\u0131yor, y\u00fczy\u0131llara uzanan halk\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015finde bulunmu\u015f olan say\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fczellikleri\u00a0 sapt\u0131yor ve onlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n estetik be\u011fenilerine\u00a0 sanatsal bir ustal\u0131kla \u00a0sunuyor. Kendisi bunlar\u0131 derleyip sunmakla yetinmiyor, onlar\u0131 sanatsal bir yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla yeniden yo\u011furuyor, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir\u00a0 s\u00fczge\u00e7ten ge\u00e7irerek okuyucuya sunmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Evet, Tembot’un kendi de bir g\u00fcn \u015funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti: Tembot K’era\u015f, bu s\u00f6zlerinin do\u011frulu\u011funu ya\u015fam\u0131 ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6rnek ki\u015fi. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011funu yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n pen\u00e7esinde, zor ko\u015fullarda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi onun durumunda olsayd\u0131, hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmadan g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcn etmeye bakard\u0131. Hi\u00e7 yazmayaca\u011f\u0131m deseydi, devlet ona bu olana\u011f\u0131 da sunard\u0131 ama Tembot yan gelip oturacak bir de\u011fildir. B\u00fcy\u00fck yazar Alim K’\u0131\u015f’eko<\/strong>‘nun (\u041a1\u044b\u0448\u044a\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0410\u043b\u044b\u043c) dedi\u011fi gibi, “Tembot K’era\u015f, ilgin\u00e7 bir ki\u015filik. O etiyle, kemi\u011fiyle, kan\u0131yla, ama\u00e7 ve \u00f6zlemleriyle halk\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131, \u00fclkesinin hizmetinde bir ki\u015fi, \u00e7ok say\u0131da dostu olan biri. Onun ortaya koydu\u011fu karakterler, insanlar\u0131n gereksindi\u011fi, \u00f6zledi\u011fi ve de\u011fer verdi\u011fi \u00f6rnekler”. Adige ulusunun eski ya\u015fam\u0131 ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 Tembot K’era\u015f’\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan, bir aynaya bakar gibi okumak olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Benim burada bunu yeniden size sunmak gibi bir amac\u0131m yok. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Adige ele\u015ftirmenleri\u00a0 ve onun \u00f6tesinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 ele\u015ftirmen ve edebiyat bilimi uzmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yeterince sergilenmi\u015ftir. Tembot’un ya\u015fam \u00e7izgisi ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fczinelerle kitap, deneme ve makale yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131, benim alg\u0131layabildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yorlar, amac\u0131m bunlar\u0131 okuyucuya iletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin A. Salakhyan’<\/strong>\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6zlerini an\u0131ms\u0131yorum: “Tembot K’era\u015f’\u0131n d\u00fczyaz\u0131s\u0131, d\u00fczg\u00fcn vagonlardan olu\u015fmu\u015f bir tren katar\u0131 de\u011fil; Tembot’un d\u00fczyaz\u0131s\u0131, paha bi\u00e7ilemez de\u011ferde yap\u0131tlarla, a\u011fz\u0131na de\u011fin doldurulmu\u015f olan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fck trenidir. Bu trendekiler olmasa, ya\u015fam ya\u015fam olmaktan, a\u015fk da a\u015fk olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.”<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu s\u00f6zlerin de\u011ferini hen\u00fcz pek gen\u00e7ken anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. O s\u0131ralar edebiyata ilgi duyan bir ortaokul \u00f6\u011frencisiydim. Adigece konu\u015fma dilini ve yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bana sevdirenler Tembot K’era\u015f ile Yus\u0131f Tlevsten<\/strong>‘in (\u041b\u044a\u044d\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044d\u043d \u042e\u0441\u044b\u0444) yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan\u00a0 okuduklar\u0131md\u0131. Ak\u015fam \u00fczeri dalm\u0131\u015f Tembot’un “Shapsugh K\u0131z\u0131” <\/strong>\u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc okurken ablam bize gelmi\u015fti. Annemle ikisi konu\u015fup otururken karanl\u0131k bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ablam Kokoy<\/strong> (\u041a\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439) eve yaln\u0131z d\u00f6nmekten korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in kendisine refakat etmemi istemi\u015fti. Ablam\u0131 k\u0131ramazd\u0131m ama \u00f6te yandan okudu\u011fum \u00f6yk\u00fcdeki Gulez<\/strong> ile An\u00e7oko<\/strong>‘nun sonunu da \u00a0merak ediyor, kitab\u0131 elden b\u0131rakmak istemiyordum. Ablam \u00e7ok yalvard\u0131, annem de k\u0131zmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca ablamla gitmek zorunda kald\u0131m. Uzakta de\u011fildi gidece\u011fim yer ama bana d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr ucu gibi gelmi\u015fti. Ablam kilolu bir han\u0131md\u0131, yava\u015f ad\u0131m at\u0131yordu. \u00d6te yandan yar\u0131m b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00f6yk\u00fcdeki ki\u015filer de beni bekliyorlar, sonucun ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sab\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla merak ediyordum. Kokoy’u bir \u00f6n\u00fcne, bir ard\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferek ite kaka evine ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m. O gece “Shapsugh K\u0131z\u0131”n\u0131 bitirdim, yat\u0131nca da uyku tutmad\u0131. Gulez ile An\u00e7oko’nun ba\u015f\u0131na gelen olay kar\u015f\u0131mda canlan\u0131p durmu\u015f, ben de yanlar\u0131ndaym\u0131\u015f\u0131m gibi uzunca s\u00fcre\u00a0 yatakta d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmu\u015ftum.<\/p>\n Sonralar\u0131, i\u015fim ya da \u00f6zlemi\u015f olmam gibi\u00a0 nedenlerle “Shapsugh K\u0131z\u0131”n\u0131 yeniden birka\u00e7 kez okumu\u015flu\u011fum oldu. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00a0bende b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenim, y\u0131llar sonras\u0131nda da azalmad\u0131, aksine daha da artt\u0131. A. Salakhyan<\/strong>‘\u0131n “Tembot K’era\u015f’\u0131n d\u00fczyaz\u0131s\u0131, paha bi\u00e7ilemez yap\u0131tlarla a\u011fz\u0131na de\u011fin\u00a0 doldurulmu\u015f olan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fck trenidir” s\u00f6zlerine, beni ba\u011flayan ger\u00e7ek, Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda bu s\u00f6zlerin do\u011frulu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131n giderek ya\u015fam\u0131mda\u00a0 yer bulmu\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve onlar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k an\u0131ms\u0131yor olmamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tembot K\u2019era\u015f, ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en ve i\u00e7inden gelen onca \u015feyi kitaba d\u00f6kerken, ayn\u0131 zamanda okuyucunun \u00a0gereksindi\u011fi \u015feyleri kavr\u0131yor ve k\u0131vrak zekas\u0131yla onlar\u0131 \u00a0vurgulamay\u0131 biliyordu. Tembot, y\u00fcre\u011finden ve ruhundan eklemeler yapmadan hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 yazmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r zaten, ancak\u00a0 yazd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u201cMutluluk Yolu\u201d<\/strong> roman\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir yeri vard\u0131r. Roman\u0131 yazmak i\u00e7in yazar\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi zorluk, el yazmalar\u0131 ve karalamalar her \u015feyi kan\u0131tlamaya yeterlidir. Oblast gazetesi -Adige Mak- \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 Murat Pet\u0131ve\u015f<\/strong>\u2019in (\u041f\u044d\u04421\u044b\u043e\u0448\u044d \u041c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044d) bu konuda bana anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 da ilgin\u00e7.<\/p>\n Fa\u015fistler (Alman birlikleri -HCY) Maykop<\/strong>\u2019a girmek \u00fczere iken, Tembot ile Murat birlikte kentten ka\u00e7\u0131p bir yolcu otob\u00fcs\u00fcyle Tuapse<\/strong>\u2019ye giderler. Oradan \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e<\/strong>\u2019ye (So\u00e7i) gidecek treni bekledikleri bir s\u0131rada, fa\u015fist u\u00e7aklar\u0131 tren gar\u0131na bomba ya\u011fd\u0131rmaya ba\u015flarlar. \u0130nsanlar tela\u015fla ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar, Tembot\u2019la Murat da kendilerini bir \u00e7ukura atarlar. Bombard\u0131mandan kurtulmu\u015f olman\u0131n sevinciyle, kendilerini alan \u00a0bir askeri ara\u00e7la \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u2019ye do\u011fru yola koyulurlar. Hen\u00fcz Tuapse\u2019den on iki kilometre kadar uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015fken, Tembot p\u00fcrtela\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn cam\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131klatmaya ba\u015flar. Araba durur. Murat arkada\u015f\u0131na sorar: Yolun bir kenar\u0131nda saatlerce beklemi\u015fti arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Murat. Birka\u00e7 saat sonra Tembot uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc. Kan ter i\u00e7inde, yorgun ve bunalm\u0131\u015f halde iri bavulunu getiriyordu. Murat kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131 ve bavulu ald\u0131.<\/p>\n – Vay can\u0131na, ne de a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bu bavul, ta\u015f m\u0131 var \u00a0i\u00e7inde, diyerek \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n Tembot\u2019 bakt\u0131.<\/p>\n K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n bitik y\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir g\u00fcl\u00fcmseme belirdi: En zor ve en yorgun anlar\u0131nda bile el yazmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde aral\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, onlar\u0131 geli\u015ftiriyor, yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bir daha yaz\u0131yor, d\u00fczeltiyor, bu arada bunlar\u0131 ba\u015fka yan\u0131tlarlarla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131l ediyordu Tembot. Sava\u015f\u0131n bitiminden hen\u00fcz iki y\u0131l bile ge\u00e7memi\u015fken, Tembot, koca roman\u0131 kendisi Rus\u00e7a’ya \u00e7evirdi ve yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u00dcnl\u00fc \u201cMutluluk Yolu\u201d roman\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyorum<\/strong> (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi i\u00e7in bkz. \u201dMutluluk Yolu\u201d, CircassianCanada, internet -HCY). Romanda Sovyet iktidar\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi yeniliklerle eski gelene\u011fin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Adige k\u00f6y\u00fcnde s\u00fcren s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelen insanlar, \u00a0tipler, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde roman sayfalar\u0131nda canland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor, halk\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ve derinlemesine, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde sergileniyor. Milyonlarca insan\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr\u00a0 bir ya\u015fama kavu\u015fturan yeni iktidar\u0131n ne denli zorlu bir a\u015famadan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, sanatsal bir\u00a0 anlat\u0131yla\u00a0 bize sunuluyor. Tembot K\u2019era\u015f, Adige edebiyat\u0131na \u00f6rnek kom\u00fcnist insan\u0131 tipini kazand\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015faran ilk \u00a0yazar\u0131m\u0131z oldu.<\/p>\n Bu \u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle de 1948 y\u0131l\u0131<\/strong> SSCB Devlet \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019<\/strong>n\u00fc ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Roman s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n konu\u015fma diline dayan\u0131yor, atas\u00f6z\u00fc ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 deyimler kullan\u0131yor, gereken yerlerde g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcye de yer veriyor, b\u00f6ylece \u00e7ok uluslu Sovyet edebiyat\u0131na yeni bir zenginlik \u00a0ve yeni bir renk katmay\u0131 da ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n \u201cMutluluk Yolu\u201d roman\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden geriye, daha \u00f6teye gidecek olursak, Adigelerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 ya\u015fama ge\u00e7i\u015fleri de daha d\u00fcn gibi yeniydi, buna kar\u015f\u0131n bu roman b\u00fcy\u00fck Sovyet edebiyat\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir m\u00fckemmelli\u011fe eri\u015fmi\u015f bir roman olarak kendisine se\u00e7kin\u00a0 bir yer a\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Bu ba\u015far\u0131 nereden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r?<\/p>\n Tembot K\u2019era\u015f Adige s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7inde do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131lar\u0131 derleme, d\u00fczenleme ve yay\u0131nlama konular\u0131nda en yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Halk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc yarat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 derinlemesine \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f, onlar\u0131 g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131, \u00a0kendi bilgisi ve yetene\u011fi ile bir araya getirerek yeniden yo\u011furmu\u015f ve ortaya yeni yarat\u0131lar koymu\u015ftur. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek, \u00fcst\u00a0 e\u011fitimle yetinmemi\u015f, s\u00fcrekli yeni aray\u0131\u015flar pe\u015finde ko\u015fu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n klasiklerini, d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerin \u00f6nde gelen \u00a0yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201dL. N. Tolstoy<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yazar, -diye yaz\u0131yordu Tembot-, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir usta, \u00fcnl\u00fc\u2026yazd\u0131klar\u0131, s\u00f6zleri \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131, onun d\u00fcr\u00fcst yan\u0131 hep bana \u00f6rnek olmu\u015ftur\u201d.<\/p>\n Adige s\u00f6zl\u00fc yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n inceliklerini derinden kavram\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, Rus ve d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkeler yazarlar\u0131n\u0131 izlemesi, halkla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015famas\u0131, Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 yetene\u011fini zenginle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Tembot\u2019un \u00a0yazd\u0131klar\u0131, gen\u00e7 Adige edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yeri oldu\u011fu gibi, bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, beraberinde sa\u011flam, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ve \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde sanatsal \u00f6\u011feler de i\u00e7eren bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yeri oldu ayn\u0131 zamanda.<\/p>\n Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi konu alan tarihsel roman, uzun \u00f6yk\u00fc ve noveller yazd\u0131 Tembot, ancak yazarl\u0131k\u00a0 ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ilkelerine sad\u0131k kald\u0131, ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn sanatsal anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde yeniden canland\u0131rd\u0131 ve\u00a0\u00a0 ilgi \u00e7eken \u00a0yap\u0131tlar ortaya koymay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Yazar\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel kitaplar \u00a0ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ili\u015fkin kitaplar \u00a0hala g\u00fcncelliklerini koruyorlar. Tembot\u2019un yarat\u0131c\u0131 yetene\u011fi ve ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131, kitaplar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn aranan \u00a0yap\u0131tlar\u0131 aras\u0131na katmay\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okuyucunun, onun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel yay\u0131nlar\u0131 severek okumakta olmas\u0131\u00a0 ve yo\u011fun ilgi g\u00f6stermesi, bu \u00f6zelliklerden\u00a0 kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cTek Atl\u0131\u201d (\u0428\u044b\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u0443)\u00a0 Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n bu\u00a0 son y\u0131llarda \u00a0yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00a0tarihsel bir roman\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. Roman\u0131n Adigece’si d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Rus\u00e7a ve ba\u015fka dillerde de \u00e7evirileri \u00a0yay\u0131nland\u0131. Okuyucusu ve arayan\u0131 \u00e7ok bu roman\u0131n. Bunun nedeni, \u00a0Abhaz yazar\u0131 Bagrat<\/strong> \u015einkuba<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n Tembot\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektuptan\u00a0 da anla\u015f\u0131labilir: \u201dYeni yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n roman\u0131ndaki karakterler \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131, okuyucuyu ba\u011fl\u0131yor, etkilenmemek olanaks\u0131z, gerekli ve \u00f6nemli olan bunun gibi kal\u0131c\u0131 tipler yaratmakt\u0131r!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Tembot\u2019un g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen ve kal\u0131c\u0131la\u015fan tipleri, \u00a0b\u00f6ylesine be\u011fenilen karakterlerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zlemlerini, soylu ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini saptamada yazar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan yaz\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 bir yak\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131 imi\u015f gibi alg\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fgin yaz\u0131 yazmak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n istek ve \u00f6zlemlerini yans\u0131tan yaz\u0131lar yazmak, san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kolay bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. \u201d\u00c7o\u011fu kez, diye yaz\u0131yor Tembot K\u2019era\u015f, ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za, Adige halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak, bir fikir jimnasti\u011fi yapmay\u0131 ve yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ileri saflara g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyi; halk\u0131m\u0131n gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, en kal\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde, en \u00f6n saflara ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 hep ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Ya\u015fam, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde ko\u015fu\u015fturan vah\u015fi bir at gibi ama Tembot, o at\u0131 yelelerinden yakalay\u0131p tutmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yor. Yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6ylesine sarm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da buradan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Yazar\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 hayli ilerledi (85 ya\u015f -HCY), ama o oblast (Adigey -HCY), \u00a0Kray (Krasnodar Kray- HCY) ve \u00fclke (SSCB -HCY) d\u00fczeylerinde olup bitene \u00a0yabanc\u0131 kalan biri de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya ile de her g\u00fcn ileti\u015fim i\u00e7inde. Maykop\u2019a \u00fcnl\u00fc biri gelse, en \u00f6nce onu ziyaret eder. Onun ayd\u0131nl\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zlerinden yararlanm\u0131\u015f olarak onun yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Alman gazeteci Giesela Reller<\/strong> ile tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Reller yazara \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201dAdigey\u2019de senin gibi iyi dostlarla tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in kendimi mutlu say\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n her ki\u015finin sana de\u011fer vermesi, seni saymas\u0131, sevmesi\u2026 \u0130\u015fte bundan daha sevindirici ne olabilir ki?<\/p>\n Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019a de\u011fer verenler sadece okuyucular\u0131 de\u011fil. Parti mensuplar\u0131, Sovyet devlet adamlar\u0131, besteciler, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, bilim insanlar\u0131 ve yazarlar, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n hepsi, deyim yerindeyse, Adige edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bu Adige dedesini sayg\u0131nl\u0131yorlar ve onu seviyorlar. Bize de onun i\u00e7tenlikli s\u00f6zleri, karde\u015f\u00e7e yard\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131yor, bizi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131yor ve bize yeni zenginlikler sunuyor. Halk ozan\u0131 Ts\u0131\u011fo Tev\u00e7oj<\/strong>\u2019dan (\u0422\u044d\u0443\u0446\u043e\u0436\u044a \u0426\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e)\u00a0 ba\u015flay\u0131n, Tembot\u2019tan yararlanmayan, sanatsal incelikleri yakalamada ondan yard\u0131m almayan tek bir ki\u015fi Adige k\u00fclt\u00fcr, edebiyat ve sanat ya\u015fam\u0131nda yoktur dense, bu bir abartma olmaz san\u0131r\u0131m.<\/p>\n Adige edebiyat\u0131nda deneme<\/strong> (\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a) t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmemi\u015f olmas\u0131, \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ele alan deneme t\u00fcrlerinin yoklu\u011fu onu \u00fcz\u00fcyor, s\u0131k s\u0131k gazete (Adige Mak -HCY) y\u00f6netimine u\u011fruyor, deneme konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gen\u00e7ler varsa onlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak istedi\u011fini, onlar\u0131n kendisine g\u00f6nderilmeleri halinde \u00e7ok memnun olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu, bu gibi olaylara\u00a0 tan\u0131k olmu\u015flu\u011fum \u00e7oktur.<\/p>\n Tembot K\u2019era\u015f 1928 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri Kom\u00fcnist Parti \u00fcyesi, 1934\u2019ten beri de Yazarlar Birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi, SSCB Yazarlar\u0131 1. Kongresi ile 4. Kongresi’ne de kat\u0131ld\u0131, SBKP XX. Kongresi delegasyonunda yer ald\u0131, y\u0131llardan beri Adigey Oblast Komitesi \u00fcyesi, Adigey Oblast\u0131 Parlamentosu\u2019nda (\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442) milletvekili. Tembot\u2019un yarat\u0131lar\u0131na parti ve y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fer bi\u00e7ildi, kendisine Lenin, Ekim devrimi<\/strong> ve K\u0131z\u0131l Emek\u00e7i Bayra\u011f\u0131<\/strong> (\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u044f) ni\u015fanlar\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca halk\u0131 ve partisi i\u00e7in \u00f6zveriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta oldu\u011funu, yetene\u011fini\u00a0 Sovyet insanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczel yar\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0 g\u00fczellikler yaratmada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n Yazar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 yetene\u011fi \u00fczerine \u00e7ok \u015fey yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bunu yukar\u0131da da belirttim. Ben bu k\u0131sa \u00f6n s\u00f6z\u00fcmle Tembot\u2019un ya\u015fam\u0131na ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimi sizlere sunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bir nebze olsun onu tan\u0131tmada, ortaya koydu\u011fu onca de\u011ferli yap\u0131t\u0131 okuyucuya duyurmada bir katk\u0131m olduysa, kendimi mutlu sayar\u0131m. Ancak as\u0131l \u00f6nemli\u00a0 g\u00f6rev, yazar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ciltte toplan\u0131p yay\u0131na verilmi\u015f olan yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan se\u00e7kileri okumakt\u0131r. O zaman K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n insanc\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi, ya\u015fam \u00e7izgisi ve ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Not: <\/strong>Bu yaz\u0131 1988\u2019de \u00f6len Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n (1902-1988) \u00a0\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getiren \u00fc\u00e7 ciltlik bir se\u00e7kiye bir \u00f6ns\u00f6z olarak, \u00a0SSCB hen\u00fcz da\u011f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f iken Adige yazar\u0131 P\u015f\u0131maf Ko\u015fbay taraf\u0131ndan \u00a0yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n biyografisi i\u00e7in\u00a0 de \u00a0bkz. \u201dTembot K\u2019era\u015f\u201d, Vikipedi, internet. -HCY<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pşımaf Koşbay (Кощбэе Пщымаф) Çeviri: HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız К1эрэщэ Тембот I, Мыекъуапэ, 1987 Tembot K’eraş. Bu adı duymayan ve bu ada saygı duymayan, edebiyata karşı ilgisi olan tek bir kişi bile yoktur Adigey’de desek abartı olmaz sanırım. Sadece Adigey’de değil, büyük ülkemizin (SSCB -HCY) değişik bölgelerinde, dış ülkelerde de tanınıyor bu büyük yazarımız, yapıtları yayınlanıyor 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\n\u00c7eviri: HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z
\n\u041a1\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0449\u044d \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0442 I, \u041c\u044b\u0435\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u043f\u044d, 1987<\/p>\n
\n– Biz Sovyet yazarlar\u0131, g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc kendi halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve partimizin hizmetinde olmaktan al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\n
\nNikolay Ostrovski<\/strong>‘nin “Ve \u00c7eli\u011fe Su Verildi”<\/strong>\u00a0 roman\u0131n\u0131 Adigece’ye \u00e7evirme ve yay\u0131nlamada Tembot K’era\u015f’\u0131n \u00a0eme\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck. \u0130\u015f bu kadarla da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil, roman\u0131n Adigece bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 N. Ostrovski’ye g\u00f6t\u00fcren kurulda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu yi\u011fit yazar\u0131n yan\u0131na oturma ve onunla s\u00f6yle\u015fide bulunma mutlulu\u011funa eri\u015fti. Nikolay Ostrovski’nin zorlu ya\u015fam\u0131, engin y\u00fcre\u011fi, \u00f6rnek bir devrim sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131, kal\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n y\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve kendini insanl\u0131\u011fa adam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, ku\u015fkusuz Tembot i\u00e7in de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rnek (model) olmu\u015ftur. \u0130nsan\u0131 kemirip bitiren bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, halk\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015famay\u0131 ve yazmay\u0131, onun i\u00e7in toplumsal g\u00f6revler y\u00fcklenmeyi, y\u00fcre\u011fi atmayana dek ulusu yarar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, kendisi i\u00e7in \u00a0bir ya\u015fam \u00e7izgisi olarak se\u00e7mi\u015fti Tembot K\u2019era\u015f, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze, bu \u00e7izgiyi sadakatle izlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\n– Ne var?
\n– Bavulumu garda unutmu\u015fum. Gidip almam gerekiyor.
\n– Can\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurtard\u0131ysak daha ne, i\u015f bavula m\u0131 kald\u0131 ki! Gidelim bu arabayla! diye tela\u015fland\u0131 Murat.
\n– Olmaz, d\u00f6nmeliyim, dedi kararl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde Tembot. Her \u015feyim o bavulda.<\/p>\n
\n– Yaz\u0131 makinemle notlar\u0131m var, biraz da yaz\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 tabii.
\n– Bu kadar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm kokan o yere asla d\u00f6nmezdim. \u0130lgin\u00e7 birisin, Tembot, diye s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti ona Pet\u0131ve\u015f. Ne olursa olsun ben b\u00f6yle yapmazd\u0131m.
\n– Gitmeden duramazd\u0131m. O bavul benim her \u015feyim.<\/p>\n