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Do\u00e7. Dr. Ufuk Tavkul T<\/em><\/strong>arihte Kafkasya<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinin \u201cKafkasya\u2019da Din\u201d adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde merhum \u0130smail Berkok, Kafkasya\u2019da s\u0131ras\u0131yla Mecusilik, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ve \u0130slamiyet d\u00f6nemlerinin etkili oldu\u011fundan bahseder ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k inanc\u0131n\u0131n, Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n eski milli ve manevi dinleri olan Mecusilik inanc\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yok edemedi\u011fini, bir s\u00fcre sonra H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131na ait unsurlar\u0131n Mecusilik kisvesine b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir. Berkok\u2019a g\u00f6re, Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n dini inan\u00e7 sistemlerine baz\u0131 t\u00f6ren ve akideleriyle girmi\u015f olan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k, ancak Mecusili\u011fe yeni bir \u00e7e\u015fni vermi\u015f ve Kafkasya halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u00f6kle\u015fememi\u015ftir. \u0130smail Berkok kitab\u0131nda bu bahsin sonunda, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n hat\u0131ras\u0131nda kalan tek \u015fahs\u0131n, onlar\u0131n Av\u015fgerg ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri St. Jorj oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn \u201cKafkas K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sahas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel co\u011frafyay\u0131 meydana getiren Abhaz-Abazin, Adige, Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar, Oset, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f ve Da\u011f\u0131stan halklar\u0131n\u0131n sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde, bir d\u00f6nem Kafkasya\u2019da yay\u0131lma imkan\u0131 bulan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k inanc\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde \u0130smail Berkok\u2019un bahsetti\u011finden \u00e7ok daha derin izler b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Konunun daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Kafkasya\u2019daki yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na bir g\u00f6z atmakta yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kafkasya\u2019da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k D\u00f6nemi Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman’d\u0131r. Bunlardan Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar ve \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015flar \u015fafi mezhebinde iken, Adigeler, Abazinler, Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Osetler Hanefi mezhebine mensupturlar. Osetlerin ve Abhazlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ile Adige kabilelerinden Kabardeylerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bug\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyan’d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n M.S. 519 y\u0131l\u0131na ait arkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk \u00f6nce Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015famakta olan eski Adige kabileleri aras\u0131nda yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a do\u011fru geni\u015fledi\u011fini belgelemektedir. M.S. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ye\u015fermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131 ise, Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda ya\u015famakta olan da\u011fl\u0131 kabilelere, Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar, Oset, \u00c7e\u00e7en ve Avar halklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda vesile olmu\u015ftur. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faran G\u00fcrc\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli H\u0131ristiyan mabetleri bunu ispatlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u00f6zellikle Bizans imparatoru I. Justinyen (527-565) d\u00f6neminde Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k olduk\u00e7a yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ok say\u0131da papaz Kafkasya\u2019ya gelmi\u015f ve kiliseler kurmu\u015ftu. Adigeler papazlara \u201c\u015fogen<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 veriyorlard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Adigeler aras\u0131nda \u201c\u015fogen<\/em>\u201d yada \u201c\u015fevcen<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan soylar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 bunlar\u0131n etnik y\u00f6nden de Adigelere kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6te yandan, Adigece \u015fogen<\/em> kelimesinin kayna\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc dilinde \u201csiyah elbise giyen\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u015favigani <\/em>kelimesiydi.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Kafkasya\u2019da Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar halk\u0131n\u0131n atalar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getiren Hunlar ve Alanlar aras\u0131nda da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k inanc\u0131 yerle\u015fip geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M.S. 555 y\u0131l\u0131nda S\u00fcryani rahibi Zacharias Rhetor, Arran ba\u015fpiskoposunun 537 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki gayretleri neticesinde Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tuttu\u011funu ve burada ya\u015famakta olan Hunlar\u0131n dilinde kitaplar yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmektedir. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kafkaslar\u0131n kuzeyinde hakimiyet kurmu\u015f olan Hazar T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131nda da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Arap gezginlerin kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda mevcuttur. Alanlar aras\u0131nda bulunan Arap gezginleri de onlar aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmi\u015flerdir. Bunlardan Said el Magribi \u201cKitab-el Co\u011frafya\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n \u201cG\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda Alan \u00fclkesi bulunur. Bunlar H\u0131ristiyanla\u015fan T\u00fcrklerdendir\u201d. <\/em>12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Cenevizliler Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda kurduklar\u0131 kolonilerde bir\u00e7ok kilise in\u015fa etmi\u015fler ve Wub\u0131hlar\u0131 Katolikle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi. 1404 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adigeler aras\u0131nda bulunan ba\u015fpiskopos Johannes de Galonifontibus, deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Adigelerin Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n dinini benimsediklerini yazmaktad\u0131r. Ancak kendilerine g\u00f6re ibadet ve dini t\u00f6renlerinin oldu\u011funu da bildirmektedir. Galonifontibus\u2019un 1404 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adigeler i\u00e7in yazd\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n \u201cDeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Zihler (Adigeler) Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n dinini benimsemi\u015flerdir ve ayr\u0131ca kendilerine g\u00f6re ibadetleri ve dini t\u00f6renleri vard\u0131r. Paskalyadan \u00f6nceki perhiz g\u00fcnlerini k\u0131rk g\u00fcn de\u011fil elli g\u00fcn olarak tutarlar. Noelden \u00f6nceki bir ay ve Cuma g\u00fcnleri de oru\u00e7 tutarlar. Kiliseleri, ikonlar\u0131 ve yortular\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131nki gibidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck yortularda ve Pazar g\u00fcnleri hayvan kurban ederler. Kurban\u0131n etleri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve yenilir. Kurban\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 ise ya\u015fl\u0131lara ya da fakirlere verilir veya y\u00fcksek a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131na as\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kutsal ruhlar\u0131 doyurduklar\u0131na inan\u0131rlar. Kilisenin yan\u0131nda \u00fczerinde ha\u00e7 bulunan bir a\u011fa\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu a\u011faca \u201cAllah\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131\u201d derler. Bu a\u011fac\u0131n dallar\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli semboller, hayvan kafalar\u0131 as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ke\u015fi\u015fleri yoktur.\u201d 17-19. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n izlerinin Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda hala etkili oldu\u011fu, bu d\u00f6nemde onlar\u0131 ziyaret eden gezginlerin notlar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1653 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fc-\u0130meretya kral\u0131 Aleksandr, kendisini ziyaret eden Rusya el\u00e7ileri Judavinov ile Poro\u015fin\u2019e Malkar beylerinden Aydabol o\u011flu Canbolat\u2019\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan dinine d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bilgi Rus el\u00e7ilerinin raporlar\u0131nda kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1736 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ogar\u0131 \u00c7egem\u2019de El T\u00fcb\u00fc adl\u0131 k\u00f6ye gelen Rus prensi Aleksey Tuzov\u2019a da\u011fl\u0131lar (Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar) Kala T\u00fcb\u00fc dedikleri bir ma\u011farada saklad\u0131klar\u0131 sekiz kitab\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler. Tuzov\u2019un kaydetti\u011fine g\u00f6re bu kitaplar 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma \u0130ncillerdir. \u00c7egemli da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n kutsal bir emanet gibi koruduklar\u0131 bu \u0130ncilleri 1802-1803 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7egem\u2019e gelen J.Klaproth da g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 1745 tarihli bir belgede G\u00fcrc\u00fc vakan\u00fcvis Vahu\u015fti Malkarl\u0131lar\u0131n, kom\u015fular\u0131 Osetlerde oldu\u011fu gibi beyleri ve soylular\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin ise H\u0131ristiyan olduklar\u0131n\u0131, ancak \u00e7ok y\u00fczeysel H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k inanc\u0131na sahip bu halk\u0131n domuz eti yiyenleri H\u0131ristiyan, at eti yiyenleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak kabul ettiklerini yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1774 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kafkasya\u2019da bulunan \u0130.A. G\u00fclden\u015fted ise Malkarl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nceleri G\u00fcrc\u00fclere tabi bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131, bu y\u00fczden G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve Yunan Ortodoks inanc\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle H\u0131ristiyan olduklar\u0131n\u0131, halen ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede eski kilise kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n ve halk\u0131n hala domuz eti yemeye devam etmekte olmas\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131n eskiden H\u0131ristiyan olduklar\u0131n\u0131n bir delili oldu\u011funu aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n J.Klaproth 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda art\u0131k M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eden Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda hala H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n izlerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar\u0131n ilkbaharda yedi hafta boyunca ve yaz\u0131n sonunda dokuz hafta s\u00fcreyle et, s\u00fct, ya\u011f orucu tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1846 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kafkasya\u2019da bulunan N. Danilevski, Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar\u0131n eski kiliselere ve kutsal Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcne sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterdiklerini, bir ha\u00e7 g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde kalpaklar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p h\u00fcrmet ettiklerini kaydetmektedir.<\/p>\n Kafkasya halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda bir Kafkas \u00f6tesi (Trans-Kafkas) \u00fclkesi olan G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bizans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015f bir H\u0131ristiyan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak kuzeydeki da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgenin \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda ya\u015famakta olan da\u011fl\u0131 kabileler H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisinden uzak kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir G\u00fcrc\u00fc kilisesinin kurulmas\u0131yla G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki misyonerlik hareketleri kuzeydeki da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeye, yani Kafkasya\u2019ya do\u011fru y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Sarp da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda kurulan manast\u0131r ve kiliselerle, burada H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in sarfedilen ilk gayretler Kafkas halklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etki yapt\u0131. Ancak G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayma ve misyonerlik faaliyetleri kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131. Fakat buna ra\u011fmen da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerdeki manast\u0131rlar ve misyoner h\u00fccreleri faaliyetlerini 18. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. \u00dccra yerlerde olmalar\u0131, yaln\u0131z onlar\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7 kalmas\u0131na sebep olmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda ortadan kalkmalar\u0131n\u0131 da geciktirmi\u015fti. Te\u015fkilatl\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerinden \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca, bu dinin etkisi b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkaslarda gev\u015femeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu d\u00f6nemde halk\u0131n eski dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k inanc\u0131na galip geldi ve hen\u00fcz halk\u0131n ruhuna tam anlam\u0131yla yerle\u015fmemi\u015f olan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k, pagan inan\u00e7 ve adetleri aras\u0131nda onlar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 halini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Kafkas K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130zleri H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olan Meryem Ana, Kafkasya halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flay\u0131p Mecusili\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle birlikte de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frad\u0131. Adigelerin \u201cMerem\u201d veya \u201cMeyrem\u201dad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri Meryem Ana art\u0131k onlar i\u00e7in do\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip bir tanr\u0131\u00e7a idi. Adigeler Meryem Ana\u2019y\u0131 bir tanr\u0131\u00e7a olarak kabul ederler ve onun \u015ferefine bir bayram d\u00fczenlerlerdi. 6 Kas\u0131m 1838 tarihinde Adigelerin Merem Bayram\u0131n\u0131 kutlama t\u00f6reninde bulunan \u0130ngiliz gezgin J.Bell bu t\u00f6rende halka \u201c\u015fuat<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 bir i\u00e7ki, \u00e7\u00f6rek ve mayas\u0131z ekmek sunuldu\u011funu, oyunlar oynand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmektedir. Adigelerin Merem\u2019e \u201csen g\u00f6klerin sahibesi, k\u0131zlar\u0131n koruyucususun. Ey g\u00fczel Merem, sen bize verimli \u00fcr\u00fcnler, bar\u0131\u015f ve mutluluk ba\u011f\u0131\u015fla<\/em>\u201d diye dua ettiklerini kaydeden J.Bell, onun \u015ferefine kurbanlar kesilip ziyafetler verildi\u011fini anlatmaktad\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Adigeler aras\u0131nda bulunan Leonti Lyulye de Adigelerin Meryem\u2019i \u201cMeriyem t\u011fa\u015fhuo yi yan<\/em>\u201d (b\u00fcy\u00fck Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n annesi) diyerek y\u00fccelttiklerini kaydetmi\u015ftir. Adigeler ayr\u0131ca kimli\u011finden habersiz olduklar\u0131 halde \u201cMeyremok<\/em>\u201d yani Meryem o\u011flu dedikleri Hz.\u0130sa\u2019ya da \u00e7ok h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6sterirlerdi.<\/p>\n Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda da Meryem Ana, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ve ailenin koruyucu tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Bayr\u0131m veya Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar\u2019da \u201cBayr\u0131m\u201d ad\u0131 verilen tanr\u0131\u00e7aya ait pek \u00e7ok kutsal ta\u015f vard\u0131. Evlerine k\u0131smet, bereket, mutluluk, bolluk getirmesi i\u00e7in Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e\u2019ye dua eder, kurban keserlerdi. Bayr\u0131m Ta\u015f ad\u0131 verilen kutsal ta\u015flara \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmayan kad\u0131nlar yanlar\u0131nda g\u00fczel yiyeceklerle birlikte bir ku\u015f t\u00fcy\u00fc al\u0131p gelerek Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e\u2019ye \u015f\u00f6yle dua ederlerdi:<\/p>\n Bayr\u0131m sanga kelgenme\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u00a0Bayr\u0131m sana geldim<\/p>\n Ba\u015f urama, tileyme\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Ba\u015f e\u011fiyorum, diliyorum<\/p>\n Bu t\u00fck kibik kuv etme\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Bu t\u00fcy gibi kurutma<\/p>\n Har t\u00fcg\u00fc say\u0131n manga\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Her t\u00fcy\u00fc i\u00e7in bana<\/p>\n Bir sabiy ber, caz\u0131ks\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Bir \u00e7ocuk ver, merhamet et<\/p>\n Teyri da tilegimi kab\u0131l etsin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u00a0G\u00f6k tanr\u0131s\u0131 da dile\u011fimi kabul etsin<\/p>\n G\u00f6kteki ay\u0131n parlak oldu\u011fu gecelerde Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar Bayr\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131na giderek ondan \u00e7ocuk vermesini dilerlerdi. K\u0131z\u0131 olmayanlar yanlar\u0131na bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu, o\u011flu olmayanlar ise bir erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu alarak Bayr\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gelir ve dua ederlerdi. Yanlar\u0131nda et, yumurta, ya\u011f gibi yiyecekler de g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrlerdi. Yolda \u201cNart Mezarlar\u0131\u201d denen mezarlar\u0131n \u00e7evresinde bir kere d\u00f6ner, sonra bir mezar\u0131 kaz\u0131p i\u00e7ine pi\u015fmi\u015f yumurta, bir kep\u00e7e s\u00fct, \u00fc\u00e7 adet etli b\u00f6rek (h\u0131\u00e7\u0131n), dar\u0131dan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201ckak\u201d adl\u0131 yemekten koyarlard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f yada alt\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir e\u015fya da b\u0131rak\u0131rlard\u0131. Sonra:<\/p>\n derlerdi.<\/p>\n Daha sonra Bayr\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u015fu duay\u0131 okurlard\u0131:<\/p>\n Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131 bug\u00fcn Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131lar\u0131n iki b\u00fcy\u00fck soyunun ad\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bunlar Bayramuk<\/em> ve Bayramkul<\/em> (yada Bayr\u0131mkul) soylar\u0131d\u0131r. Bayramuk<\/em> Meryem\u2019in o\u011flu, yani Hz. \u0130sa anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bayramkul<\/em> ise Meryem\u2019in kulu ya da Meryem\u2019in hediyesi anlam\u0131na gelen bir isimdir. Bu isimler Meryem Ana\u2019ya, yani Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmak i\u00e7in dua ederek bu \u00e7ocuklara sahip olan aileler taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f isimlerdir. Bu eski Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar geleneklerinde rastlan\u0131lan bir durumdur.<\/p>\n Mayrem ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri Meryem Ana Osetler i\u00e7in de kutsal bir tanr\u0131\u00e7a idi. Her k\u00f6yde onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lan bir kayal\u0131k bulunurdu. \u00c7ocuk sahibi olmak isteyen kad\u0131nlar buraya gelerek ona dua ederlerdi.<\/p>\n H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde Kafkasya halklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kutsal kabul edilen baz\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan azizleri de, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n halk \u00fczerinde etkisini kaybetmesinin ard\u0131ndan do\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip tanr\u0131lara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler.<\/p>\n H\u0131ristiyan azizlerinden Teodor<\/em> (ya da Fedor) Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda kurtlar\u0131n, \u00e7obanlar\u0131n ve avc\u0131lar\u0131n koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131 Totur<\/em> bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, Osetler aras\u0131nda da Tut\u0131r<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n H\u0131ristiyan azizlerinden St.Nicholas<\/em> Osetler aras\u0131nda, bilhassa Digor kabilesinde \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kutsal bir ruh kabul edilirdi. Osetler Nikolla<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri bu ruhun s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131da olanlar\u0131n koruyucusu oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar da ona Nikkol<\/em> veya Lukkol<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verirlerdi.<\/p>\n H\u0131ristiyan azizlerinden \u0130lya<\/em> Kafkas halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar ve g\u00f6kg\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar ona Eliya<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verirken, Abhazlar Eli<\/em>, Osetler \u0130liya<\/em>, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015flar Seli<\/em> diyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar di\u011fer H\u0131ristiyan azizlerinin adlar\u0131n\u0131 da mecusi inan\u00e7 sistemlerinde \u015fu adlarla anarlard\u0131:<\/p>\n Aziz Vasiliy<\/em> Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda Ba\u015fil<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Aziz Apostol<\/em>\u2019un ad\u0131 ise Abustol<\/em> olarak an\u0131l\u0131yordu. Aziz Georgi<\/em> (St. Jorj) Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde G\u00fcrge<\/em> ve Biy A\u015fkergi<\/em>, K\u0131rkavuz<\/em> adlar\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. Di\u011fer Kafkas halklar\u0131nda Aziz Georgi\u2019nin ad\u0131 Aus Gerga<\/em>, Au\u015f Gerga<\/em>, Jeorgi<\/em>, Vast\u0131rci<\/em>, Vaskergi<\/em> bi\u00e7imlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. H\u0131ristiyan azizi Andrey<\/em> Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar Mecusi inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda Endrev\u00fck<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar Takviminde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k Etkisi Di\u011fer Kafkas halklar\u0131yla birlikte k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminden kalan izler ta\u015f\u0131yan Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar, bunun en canl\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fini takvim sistemlerindeki ay ve g\u00fcn adlar\u0131nda ya\u015fatmaktad\u0131rlar. Mecusi inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki do\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip tanr\u0131lara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f H\u0131ristiyan azizlerinin adlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ay adlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Ba\u015fil ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ocak<\/p>\n Bayr\u0131m ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eubat<\/p>\n Toturnu al ay\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mart<\/p>\n Toturnu art ay\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Nisan<\/p>\n H\u0131\u00e7avman ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 May\u0131s<\/p>\n Lukkol ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Haziran<\/p>\n Eliya ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Temmuz<\/p>\n K\u0131rkar ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u011fustos<\/p>\n K\u0131rkavuz ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eyl\u00fcl<\/p>\n Et \u0131y\u0131k ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ekim<\/p>\n Abustol ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kas\u0131m<\/p>\n Endrev\u00fck ay<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aral\u0131k<\/p>\n Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar takviminde Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan Ba\u015fil kelimesi Bizansl\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan azizi, piskopos Vasiliy\u2019in ad\u0131ndan gelmektedir. H\u0131ristiyan kilisesi Vasiliy\u2019in \u015ferefine yeni y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 onun ad\u0131yla ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 31 Aral\u0131k gecesi \u201cVasiliy gecesi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, 1 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fcne de \u201cVasiliy g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d deniliyordu. Bu sebeple Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar takviminde de y\u0131l\u0131n ilk ay\u0131 olan Ocak ay\u0131 Vasiliy\u2019in ad\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ferek Ba\u015fil ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 olan Bayr\u0131m ad\u0131 Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131ndan gelmektedir. Oset takviminde de Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131na Mayrem bi\u00e7iminde rastlan\u0131r. Ancak Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar takviminden farkl\u0131 olarak Mayrem A\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mart ve Nisan aylar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan azizi Teodor (ya da Fedor) adlar\u0131na rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar dilinde bu isim Totur bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mart ay\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan \u201cToturnu al ay\u0131\u201d Totur\u2019un ilk ay\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Nisan ay\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan \u201cTotur\u2019nu art ay\u0131\u201d ise Totur\u2019un son ay\u0131 demektir.<\/p>\n May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan H\u0131\u00e7avman kelimesi H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla ilgili Oset\u00e7e bir kelimedir. Paskalya ay\u0131 ve Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen Oset\u00e7e \u201ch\u0131tsavbon\u201d kelimesi Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar dilinde H\u0131\u00e7avman bi\u00e7imini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Lukkol, H\u0131ristiyan azizi Nikolay\u2019\u0131n (St. Nicholas) ad\u0131ndan gelmektedir. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar bu aya Nikkol ad\u0131n\u0131 da verirlerdi.<\/p>\n Temmuz ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 aziz \u0130lya\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131ndan gelmektedir. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar ve g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131 Eliya bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bu isim Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar dilinde y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m anlam\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131r. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar beddualar\u0131nda \u201cEliya ursun!\u201d (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arps\u0131n!) bi\u00e7iminde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n A\u011fustos ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131nda ise kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za H\u0131ristiyan azizi Georgi \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u0131rkar ve K\u0131rkavuz adlar\u0131 Georgi ad\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ferek bu bi\u00e7imi alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u0131rkavuz kelimesindeki -avuz eki Oset\u00e7e\u2019de kutsal ve aziz anlamlar\u0131na gelen -vas kelimesine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar halk takviminde Avuzgergi ad\u0131yla rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ay ad\u0131 da aziz Georgi anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 olan \u201cEt \u0131y\u0131k\u201d Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar dilinde \u201cet haftas\u0131\u201d ya da \u201ckutsal et\u201d gibi bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Eski H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zannetti\u011fimiz bu ad, hayvan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yenmedi\u011fi oru\u00e7 haftas\u0131yla ilgili olabilir.<\/p>\n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 havari anlam\u0131na gelen Apostol kelimesinden de\u011fi\u015ferek Abustol bi\u00e7imini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aral\u0131k ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 da aziz Andrey\u2019in ad\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ferek Endrev\u00fck (ya da Andreyig) bi\u00e7imine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar halk takviminde y\u0131l\u0131n belli haftalar\u0131na ve g\u00fcn aral\u0131klar\u0131na H\u0131ristiyan azizlerinin isimlerinden gelen ay adlar\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi de dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Ba\u015fil: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2-12 Ocak aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Totur: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1-10 Nisan aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n H\u0131\u00e7uvman: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11-21 Nisan aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n H\u0131\u00e7avman:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 21-30 Nisan aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Nikkol:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11-21 May\u0131s aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Lukkur:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 22-31 May\u0131s aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Lukkol:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1-10 Haziran aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Eliya:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 22-30 Haziran aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Eliya:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 15-20 Temmuz aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n K\u0131rkar:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 23-31 Temmuz aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n K\u0131rkavuz:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 24 A\u011fustos-1 Eyl\u00fcl aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Abustol:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 24 Ekim-1 Kas\u0131m aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Am\u0131stol:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2-12 Kas\u0131m aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Endrev\u00fck:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 23 Kas\u0131m-2 Aral\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnler<\/p>\n Haftay\u0131 meydana getiren g\u00fcn adlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131nda da H\u0131ristiyan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar dilinde g\u00fcnlerin adlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Ba\u015f k\u00fcn<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pazartesi<\/p>\n G\u00fcrge (Gev\u00fcrge) k\u00fcn<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sal\u0131<\/p>\n Baras k\u00fcn<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7ar\u015famba<\/p>\n Orta k\u00fcn<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Per\u015fembe<\/p>\n Bayr\u0131m k\u00fcn<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cuma<\/p>\n \u015eabat k\u00fcn<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Cumartesi<\/p>\n Iy\u0131h k\u00fcn<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pazar<\/p>\n Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 G\u00fcrge (ya da Gev\u00fcrge) H\u0131ristiyan azizi Georgi\u2019nin ad\u0131ndan gelmektedir.<\/p>\n \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 olan Baras ise H\u0131ristiyan azizi Praskovi\u2019nin ad\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ferek bu bi\u00e7imi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aziz Praskovi\u2019nin ad\u0131 kom\u015fu Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde de yer al\u0131r. S\u00f6z gelimi, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015flar\u2019da Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 olan Peraska kelimesi G\u00fcrc\u00fc dilinde Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen Paraskevi s\u00f6z\u00fcne dayan\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6zlerin kayna\u011f\u0131 da aziz Praskovi\u2019nin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Kabardey \u00c7erkes dilinde bu ad Berejey bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek, Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Adigelerde H\u0131ristiyan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00fcy\u00fck perhiz ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck oru\u00e7 gelene\u011finin ad\u0131 olan \u201cBereske\u015fhue\u201d kelimesi de aziz Praskovi\u2019nin ad\u0131ndan gelir.<\/p>\n Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 olan \u201cBayr\u0131m\u201d ad\u0131, \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 olan \u201cBayr\u0131m\u201d gibi Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131ndan gelmektedir. Kom\u015fu Kafkas halklar\u0131nda da Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fcne Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kabardeyler Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fcne Merem ad\u0131n\u0131 verirlerken, Osetler de Mayrem demektedirler.<\/p>\n H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n kutsal g\u00fcn\u00fc olan Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcne Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar dilinde eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir kelime olan \u201cIy\u0131h\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de \u0131duk<\/em> bi\u00e7iminde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bu kelimenin anlam\u0131 da kutsal veya mukaddestir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131lar H\u0131ristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan kutsal kabul edilen Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcne kendi dillerinde kutsal anlam\u0131na gelen \u0131y\u0131h<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcne Kabardeylerin verdi\u011fi Thamahue<\/em> ve Osetlerin verdi\u011fi H\u0131tsavbon<\/em> adlar\u0131 \u201cTanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir ve H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131yla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131n\u0131n ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir d\u00f6nem yayg\u0131n ve etkili oldu\u011fu Kafkasya\u2019da, toplumlar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fanan sosyolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7ler farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na ve aralar\u0131nda bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fimin ya\u015fanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131 olan Meryem Ana ve azizler gibi ki\u015filikler Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n mecusi-pagan inan\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir s\u00fcre sonra de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frayarak, tabiat \u00fcst\u00fc varl\u0131klara ve tanr\u0131lara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrle\u015fme ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fmesi gibi sosyolojik kavramlarla ifade edebilece\u011fimiz bu sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler neticesinde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla ilgili bir\u00e7ok dini unsur ve kavram yeni karakterlere b\u00fcr\u00fcnerek Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde yer al\u0131rken, Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar takvim sisteminde halk\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n BIJI\u015eKYAN<\/strong>, P.Minas (1969). Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve Co\u011frafyas\u0131. \u0130stanbul:\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n G\u00dcSAR<\/strong>, Vasfi (1977). \u201c\u00c7erkesler\u2019de Din ve \u0130nan\u00e7.\u201d Kafkasya \u00dczerine Be\u015f Konferans:21-35. \u0130stanbul:Kafkas K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi<\/p>\n HAC\u0130YEVA<\/strong>, T.M.(1988). Malkarl\u0131lan\u0131 Bla Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131lan\u0131 Halk Poeziya \u00c7\u0131garma\u00e7\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131. Nal\u00e7ik:Elbrus<\/p>\n HENZE<\/strong>, Mary L.(1984). 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Seyyahlar\u0131na G\u00f6re Orta Kafkaslar\u2019da Din. (\u00c7ev.Ahmet E.Uysal) Ankara:Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi:Asya-Afrika Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Grubu, Yay\u0131n No:11.<\/p>\n Kara\u00e7ayevts\u0131<\/strong> (1978). L.I. Lavrov (Ed.). \u00c7erkessk.<\/p>\n KLAPROTH<\/strong>, J.(1823). Voyage au Caucase et en Georgie. Paris.<\/p>\n KUBANOV<\/strong>, A.H.(1987). \u201cK voprosu Ob Etni\u00e7eskom Sostave Naseleniya Zapadnoy Alanii\u201d Vopros\u0131 Arkeologii i Tradistionnoy Etnografi i Kara\u00e7ayevo-\u00c7erkesi:45-57. \u00c7erkessk.<\/p>\n KUSKO<\/strong>, Mahmut.(1965). \u201cKafkas Milletleri.\u201d Kafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Dergi<\/em> (\u0130stanbul), II (7):6-11.<\/p>\n LYULYE<\/strong>, Leonti.(1998). \u00c7erkesya. (\u00e7ev. Murat Pap\u015fu) \u0130stanbul: \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131.<\/p>\n MALKONDUYEV<\/strong>, Hamit (1988). Drevnyaya Pesennaya Kultura Balkartsev i Kara\u00e7ayevtsev. Nal\u00e7ik:Elbrus<\/p>\n \u015eAMANOV<\/strong>, \u0130.M.(1989). \u201cKalendar i Kalendarnaya Obryadnost Kara\u00e7ayevtsev i Balkartsev.\u201d Kalendar i Kalendarnaya Obryadnost Narodov Kara\u00e7ayevo-\u00c7erkesii: 5-48. \u00c7erkessk.<\/p>\n \u015eE\u015eEN<\/strong>, Ramazan (1985). \u0130slam Co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131na G\u00f6re T\u00fcrkler ve \u00dclkeleri. Ankara: T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n TARDY<\/strong>, Lajos (1978). \u201cThe Caucasian Peoples and Their Neighbours in 1404.\u201d Acta Orientalia<\/em>, XXXII (1): 83-111.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Doç. Dr. Ufuk Tavkul Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi öğretim üyesi. Tarihte Kafkasya adlı eserinin “Kafkasya’da Din” adlı bölümünde merhum İsmail Berkok, Kafkasya’da sırasıyla Mecusilik, Hıristiyanlık ve İslamiyet dönemlerinin etkili olduğundan bahseder ve Hıristiyanlık inancının, Kafkasya halklarının eski milli ve manevi dinleri olan Mecusilik inancını tamamen yok edemediğini, bir süre sonra Hıristiyan inancına ait 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\n<\/span><\/span> Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/em><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
\n S\u0131yl\u0131 Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7eden tileybiz<\/em><\/td>\n Kutsal Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e\u2019den diliyoruz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Bayr\u0131m teyriden Nartla bla tileybiz<\/em><\/td>\n Bayr\u0131m tanr\u0131dan Nartlar ile diliyoruz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e, bay biy\u00e7e<\/em><\/td>\n Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc prenses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Men tileyme senden sabiy<\/em><\/td>\n Ben diliyorum senden \u00e7ocuk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cal\u0131nama, calbarama<\/em><\/td>\n Yalvar\u0131yorum, yakar\u0131yorum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Kozu kurmanl\u0131kla eteme<\/em><\/td>\n Kuzular kurban ediyorum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e-savgala \u00fcle\u015f\u00fcv\u00e7\u00fc<\/em><\/td>\n Bayr\u0131m Biy\u00e7e-hediyeler payla\u015ft\u0131ran<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cerge-cavum, erge k\u00fc\u00e7 ber\u00fcv\u00e7\u00fc<\/em><\/td>\n Topra\u011fa ya\u011fmur-erke\u011fe g\u00fc\u00e7 veren<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Seni teyriliginge iynan\u0131bma<\/em><\/td>\n Senin tanr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015f\u0131m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Car\u0131t, men iynanganlay turay\u0131m<\/em><\/td>\n Sevindir, ben hep inanay\u0131m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Okla keltirdim tizgin tizgin<\/em><\/td>\n Kur\u015funlar getirdim s\u0131ra s\u0131ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ak ta\u015fha sald\u0131m alan\u0131<\/em><\/td>\n Ak ta\u015fa koydum onlar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Okla seni-ca\u015f meni<\/em><\/td>\n Oklar senin-o\u011flan benim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Okla seni-ca\u015f meni<\/em><\/td>\n Oklar senin-o\u011flan benim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u00c7ille keltirdim kanat-kanat<\/em><\/td>\n \u0130pek getirdim \u00e7ile-\u00e7ile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u00c7ille seni-k\u0131z meni<\/em><\/td>\n \u0130pek senin-k\u0131z benim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u00c7ille seni-k\u0131z meni<\/em><\/td>\n \u0130pek senin-k\u0131z benim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n