{"id":10969,"date":"2019-03-23T11:14:30","date_gmt":"2019-03-23T16:14:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=10969"},"modified":"2019-03-23T11:14:30","modified_gmt":"2019-03-23T16:14:30","slug":"kafkasyada-petrol-politikalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/kafkasyada-petrol-politikalari\/","title":{"rendered":"KAFKASYA’DA PETROL POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Cafer Caferov<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin petrol \u00fcretiminin % 70\u2019i Azerbaycan\u2019dan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yordu…<\/p>\n

1860\u2032dan sonra d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri sanayisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde petrole ba\u011fl\u0131 hale gelmesi petrol\u00fcn \u00f6nemini daha da art\u0131rd\u0131. Talebin artmas\u0131 sonucu t\u00fcm dikkatler Baku\u2019ye topland\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonuna kadar Azerbaycan\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan petrol d\u00fcnya \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fitti ve mevcut petrol \u015firketlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 150\u2019den fazlayd\u0131. Rathschild karde\u015flerin Hazar ve Karadeniz Petrol sanayisi ve Nobel karde\u015flerin kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 \u201cNobel karde\u015fleri\u201d petrol \u015firketleri ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6rneklerdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde Baku ile Batum aras\u0131nda petrol boru hatt\u0131 d\u00f6\u015fenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yeni teknolojiler kullan\u0131l\u0131yor, 1915\u2032de benzin bile \u00fcretiliyordu. Bu fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisiyle Kafkasya \u00f6nemli bir nokta haline gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden payla\u015fmaya giri\u015fen devletler I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldular. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sanayile\u015fme hareketleri s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi g\u00fcndeme getirdi ve sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fta gelen nedenlerinden biri olan ham madde aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 Almanlar ve Antanta devletlerinin Kafkasya\u2019ya olan ilgisini daha da art\u0131rd\u0131. Bir zamanlar Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun i\u015fgalinde olan bu topraklar \u015fimdi bo\u015fta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat bu zaman diliminde Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Kafkaslardan daha \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131 vard\u0131; i\u00e7 sorunlar ve kanl\u0131 devrim Rusya\u2019y\u0131 iyice zay\u0131flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bat\u0131 i\u00e7in petrol her \u015feydi, harbin kaderi petrole ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 bu y\u00fczden, ne olursa olsun Baku i\u015fgal edilmeliydi. Almanlar ve \u0130ngilizler Baku\u2019ye do\u011fru yola koyuldular. Almanlar Baku\u2019ye giremeseler de 1918 \u015eubat\u0131 \u0130ngilizler \u0130ran\u2019dan hareket ederek Baku\u2019y\u00fc i\u015fgal alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 bitmi\u015f, sava\u015f zaman\u0131 milyonlarca ton petrol \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nihayet 1918 may\u0131s\u0131 Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ederek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015ftu. Sava\u015flar petrol sanayisini fel\u00e7 etmi\u015fti. Azerbaycan b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f petrol sanayisini yeniden kurmak istese de ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. Ekonomi ve siyasi krizler, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun Baku\u2019deki katliamlar\u0131 yeni cumhuriyeti da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. Bu devirde petrol i\u00e7in verilen sava\u015flar, petrol \u015firketleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eki\u015fmeler tarihi topraklar \u00fczerinde yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015f olan Azerbaycanl\u0131lar i\u00e7in bir \u0131st\u0131rapt\u0131. H\u00fcrriyetleri elden gitmi\u015f halk\u0131n masum kan\u0131 ak\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Rusya Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n kayb\u0131n\u0131 kabullenememekteydi. 1920 Nisan\u0131nda Baku ve t\u00fcm Kafkasya Rus ordusu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilerek Sovyetler Birli\u011fi kuruldu. Bu zamandan itibaren devlet petrol \u015firketlerine el koyarak 70 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin petrol \u00fcretiminin % 70\u2019i Azerbaycan\u2019dan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yordu. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 zaman\u0131 bu seviye daha da artarak sava\u015fa her y\u0131l ortalama 15 milyon ton petrol g\u00f6nderildi. Kafkasya Almanya\u2019y\u0131 da \u00e7ok cezbetmekteydi. 1942\u2019de Hitler, Karadeniz’le Hazar Denizi aras\u0131nda bulunan Kafkasya petrol yataklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeyi hedefledi ama ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131. Sovyetler Bak\u00fc petrol\u00fc sayesinde II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 1991\u2019de resmen da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve birli\u011fi olu\u015fturan \u00fclkelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde etmesi ile siyasal ve ekonomik sorunlar da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Azerbaycan da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmu\u015ftu. Siyasi ve ekonomik sorunlardan ba\u015fka, askeri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131 Azerbaycan\u2019dan kopard\u0131. \u201cSiyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k iktisadi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131r\u201d prensibini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek siyasi sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme mutlakt\u0131. G\u00f6zler yine petrole y\u00f6neldi. Yeni D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni’nin ilan edildi\u011fi doksanl\u0131 y\u0131llarda, d\u00fcnya enerji ve petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ve yeniden b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan, petrol\u00fc d\u00fcnya pazarlar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in yeni yollar ar\u0131yordu. 1992-1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Baku petrol\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fcnyaya pazarlayacak petrol \u015firketleriyle anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Azerbaycan\u2019la Ermenistan aras\u0131nda sava\u015f ba\u015flar ve bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcm anla\u015fmalar iptal edilir. Yaln\u0131z sava\u015f durdurulduktan sonra petrol yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Haydar Aliyev uzun s\u00fcre b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u015firketlerinin y\u00f6neticileri ile \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ve anla\u015fmalar yapar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar zaman\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki real petrol miktar\u0131 34 milyar varil, tahmin edilen miktar ise 260 milyar varil olarak belirlendi. Mevcut olan Baku-Supsa ve Bak\u00fc-Novorossisk petrol boru hatlar\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildi. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen, Hazar\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak olan petrol\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden pazarlamak projesiydi.<\/p>\n

Baku\u2019den ba\u015flayacak hat, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Akdeniz liman\u0131ndaki Ceyhan\u2019da sona erecekti. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda \u201cAsr\u0131n projesi\u2019\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Baku \u2013 Ceyhan petrol anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalan\u0131r. Ama bu \u00f6nemli hatt\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc ba\u015flanamad\u0131. 1998\u2019de Ankara Deklarasyonu imzalan\u0131r ve ABD, T\u00fcrkiye, G\u00fcrcistan, Kazakistan, Azerbaycan, \u00d6zbekistan Baku – Ceyhan boru hatt\u0131na olan desteklerini ilan ederler. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda hatla ilgili \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler olur.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc konferans\u0131 d\u00fczenlenir. Konferansta boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n ismi Baku \u2013 Tiflis \u2013 Ceyhan (BTC) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve konferans\u0131n ard\u0131ndan BTC hatt\u0131 ile ilgili konularda bir h\u0131zlanma ya\u015fan\u0131r. BTC\u2019nin 2000\u2019de m\u00fchendislik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda da resmen temeli at\u0131larak in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. 2 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde in\u015fas\u0131 tamamland\u0131 ve Ceyhan\u2019dan ilk petrol sevk\u0131yat\u0131 2006 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n may\u0131s ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 1770 km uzunlu\u011fundaki hat 4 milyar dolara maloldu. Y\u0131lda 50 milyon ton petrol ta\u015f\u0131yacak projenin y\u00fczde 30 finansman\u0131 taraflarca, y\u00fczde 70’i ise uluslararas\u0131 finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve ticari bankalarca kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. BP Exploration Ltd, SOCAR, UnocalLtd, Statoil, TPAO, Agip,\u00a0 TotalFinaElf, Itochu Inc, Inpex, ConocoPhillips pay sahibi olan \u015firketlerdir.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan i\u00e7in BTC son derece \u00f6nemlidir. B\u00fct\u00e7e gelirinin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 60\u2019\u0131 petrol ihrac\u0131ndan gelmektedir. Devletin toplam ihrac\u0131 % 90 petrol. G\u00f6stergelerde oldu\u011fu gibi ekonomi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda petrole ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Petrol\u00fc d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak boru hatlar\u0131 ise son derece b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. BTC boru hatt\u0131 art\u0131k ekonomik olmaktan \u00e7ok siyasi bir pozisyona sahiptir. G\u00fcrcistan yeterli do\u011fal kayna\u011fa sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, topraklar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ecek olan BTC hatt\u0131 ekonomik olarak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu proje ile G\u00fcrcistan b\u00fct\u00e7esi de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck gelir elde edecek.<\/p>\n

2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ekonomik krizden sonra toparlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye enerjisi konusunu da g\u00fcndeme getirdi. T\u00fcrkiye enerji ihtiyac\u0131 olarak d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u00fclke. Petrol t\u00fcketiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 ithalat ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. BTC\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 avantajlar.<\/p>\n

– BTC ile jeopolitik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck elde eden T\u00fcrkiye, Ceyhan\u2019\u0131 bir enerji merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi ve BTC ile \u00fcretici \u00fclkeler ve t\u00fcketici \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda enerji koridoru olu\u015fturmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir.<\/p>\n

– Bo\u011fazlar i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli sorun olan tanker trafi\u011fi, BTC ile en aza indirgenecektir.<\/p>\n

– En \u00f6nemlisi avantaj ise Ortado\u011fu petrol\u00fcne alternatif olu\u015fturulmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Petrol, 100 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n zamand\u0131r bir ekonomik ve siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu. Karadeniz ile Hazar Denizi aras\u0131nda uzanan ve cennet g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc veren Kafkasya\u2019da petrol u\u011frunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sava\u015flar bu topraklarda \u00e7ok canlar yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki, petrol y\u00fcz\u00fcnden d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok kez de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cafer Caferov Sovyetler Birliği’nin petrol üretiminin % 70’i Azerbaycan’dan karşılanıyordu… 1860′dan sonra dünya ülkeleri sanayisinin büyük ölçüde petrole bağlı hale gelmesi petrolün önemini daha da artırdı. Talebin artması sonucu tüm dikkatler Baku’ye toplandı. 19. yüzyıl sonuna kadar Azerbaycan’dan çıkarılan petrol dünya üretiminin yarısına eşitti ve mevcut petrol şirketlerinin sayısı 150’den fazlaydı. Rathschild kardeşlerin Hazar ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10969"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10971,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10969\/revisions\/10971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}