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HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi’nin (SSCB) da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, 15 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z cumhuriyetin do\u011fmas\u0131 ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler nedeniyle, yeni bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gibi konularda zaman zaman yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m olur. Biz Kafkas diasporas\u0131 olarak, bir\u00e7ok bak\u0131mdan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler i\u00e7indeyiz. Maddi olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar, ayr\u0131ca destekleyici bir devlet kurulu\u015fundan yoksun bulunmam\u0131z, bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerdendir.<\/p>\n Oysa uluslararas\u0131 geli\u015fmeler gere\u011fi, Suriye ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn gibi devletlerden bile yard\u0131m alabilmeliydik.<\/p>\n Ancak \u015fu an bu gibi konular\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131yor ve Anayurt ile ilgili konulara ge\u00e7iyorum. <\/p>\n Bir Gezi ve Bir Toplant\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 22 Haziran 1992 g\u00fcn\u00fc Kafkasya’ya gittim ve orada 20 g\u00fcn kald\u0131m. Gezim boyunca Stavropol ve Krasnodar kraylar\u0131 ile Adigey ve Kabardey-Balkarya’y\u0131, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Tuapse, \u00a0Ps\u0131\u015fuape (Lazarevsk) ve \u015e’a\u00e7e’yi (So\u00e7i) g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. U\u00e7akla gitti\u011fim geziden \u015e’a\u00e7e-Batum aras\u0131 bir deniz yolu ile geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n \u00d6nce 23-26 Haziran g\u00fcnleri Maykop\u2019un 5 km g\u00fcneyinde olan Lago-Naki<\/strong> (\u041b\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e-\u041d\u0430\u043a\u044a\u044d) adl\u0131 dinlenme tesisinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201cVI. Avrupa Kafkosoloji Kollekyumu\u201dna<\/strong> kat\u0131ld\u0131m. Toplant\u0131ya Avrupa, ABD ve Kanada gibi \u00fclkelerden baz\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc Kafkasologlar da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Diaspora olarak T\u00fcrkiye ve Suriye\u2019den de gelenler vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lan 100\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n konu\u015fmac\u0131, tan\u0131nan 20 dakikal\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, elindeki metni makine gibi okuyup ge\u00e7ti. \u00d6zellikle konu\u015fma dilinin genellikle Rus\u00e7a olmas\u0131 ve \u00f6zet de olsa \u00e7eviri yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bu, diasporadan gelen ve hi\u00e7 Rus\u00e7a bilmeyen konuklar\u0131n, bir bak\u0131ma hi\u00e7e say\u0131lmalar\u0131 anlam\u0131na da geliyordu.<\/p>\n Toplant\u0131da Adigey Cumhuriyeti (AC) Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Aslan CARIME<\/strong>, AC Parlamento Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Adam TL\u0130UJ<\/strong> (\u041b1\u044b1\u0443\u0436\u044a\u0443 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c), baz\u0131 bakanlar ve \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkililer ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilim adam\u0131, yazar ve sanat\u00e7\u0131 ile de tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n AC, o zamana de\u011fin, Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7inde (RF) demokratik se\u00e7imlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olan tek yer (region) idi. Aslan Car\u0131me ikinci turda % 70 gibi bir oy \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. Ancak parlamento se\u00e7imlerinde e\u015fitlik durumu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememi\u015fti. \u0130lke karar\u0131na (paritet) g\u00f6re, 100 \u00fcyeli (1) AC Parlamentosu\u2019nda Adigece konu\u015fan n\u00fcfusun 50 \u00fcye ile temsil edilmesi gerekirken, say\u0131 45 Adigece ve 55 Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fan \u00fcye bi\u00e7iminde sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Toplant\u0131da bir\u00e7ok biliminsan\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Bunlardan biri de dilbilimi (Adigece) uzman\u0131 Prof. Dr. Zeynep<\/strong> K\u2019ERA\u015e<\/strong>\u2019t\u0131r (2) (\u041a1\u042d\u0420\u042d\u0429\u042d \u0417\u044d\u0439\u043d\u044d\u0431). Bayan K\u2019era\u015f, bir ses i\u00e7in iki \u00fc\u00e7 harf kullanan \u015fimdiki Kiril (Rus) alfabesinin \u00f6\u011frenilmesinin, okunmas\u0131n\u0131n ve yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zor oldu\u011funu, bunun e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimi engelledi\u011fini ve okuma hevesini k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Bu nedenle \u201cbir ses i\u00e7in bir harf\u201d esas\u0131na dayanan yeni bir alfabeye ge\u00e7ilmesini zorunlu g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Ayr\u0131ca Kabardey edebiyat dili ile Adige edebiyat dilinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilmesi ve \u00f6teki Adige leh\u00e7elerinden de yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla olu\u015facak ortak bir Adigece’nin daha yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini de savunuyordu.<\/p>\n 27 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc, toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lan konuklar AC\u2019nin de\u011fi\u015fik birer etnik y\u00f6resine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Ben kuzeybat\u0131da bulunan Shapsugh (\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a) y\u00f6resine gitmeyi ye\u011fledim.<\/p>\n Verimli Kuban ovas\u0131nda ilerleyerek bir Bjedugh (\u0411\u0436\u044a\u044d\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443) k\u00f6y\u00fc olan \u011eOBEKUAY<\/strong> (\u0413\u044a\u043e\u0431\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439) k\u00f6y\u00fcne geldik. Burada halk ozan\u0131 Ts\u0131\u011fo TEV\u00c7OJ<\/strong>\u2019un (\u0422\u042d\u0423\u0426\u041e\u0416\u042a \u0426\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443) temsili evini ve ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan m\u00fczeyi gezdik. Yolumuza devam ettik, \u00f6\u011fle \u00fczeri Tahtamukay rayonu merkezi Tahtamukay<\/strong> (\u0422\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0442\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439) beldesine geldik. Buras\u0131 5 bin n\u00fcfuslu ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Adige olan bir yerle\u015fim yeri. Ancak Adigeler rayon n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7inde az\u0131nl\u0131k. \u00dcstelik Rus yerle\u015fmeleri devam ediyordu. Halk bu durumdan yak\u0131n\u0131yordu. <\/strong><\/p>\n Halk ya\u015fam pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da yak\u0131n\u0131yordu. Ancak peri\u015fan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc bir Adige ile de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131m. \u0130yi k\u00f6t\u00fc herkes ge\u00e7inip gidiyordu.<\/p>\n Tahtamukay\u2019dan sonra, yak\u0131nlardaki Shapsugh buca\u011f\u0131 (sovet\/\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442) merkezi Af\u0131ps\u0131p<\/strong> beldesine geldik. Burada k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve gen\u00e7lerle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Adige k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinkini and\u0131r\u0131yordu. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Adige (\u00c7erkes) k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilirken, buradakiler ulusal \u00f6zelliklerini ve dillerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce koruyorlard\u0131. \u0130lkokul e\u011fitimi art\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle Adigece. Ortaokul ve liselerde de haftada 4 ders saati tutar\u0131nda Adigece okuduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler.<\/p>\n Moskova\u2019n\u0131n e\u011fitim diline kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve Rus\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 dayatmas\u0131 d\u00f6nemi sona ermi\u015fe benziyor. <\/p>\n Dil ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Durumu<\/strong><\/p>\n 1920\u2019lerde \u00f6zerk birimlerde (region) yerel diller y\u00f6netimde de kullan\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Adigey\u2019de ya\u015fayan ve Adige as\u0131ll\u0131 olmayanlar da Adigece\u2019yi \u00f6\u011freniyorlard\u0131. Lenin<\/strong>\u2019in \u00f6lmesi (1924) ve Stalin<\/strong>\u2019in ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mesi \u00fczerine bu politika sona erdi. \u00d6nce i\u015fe alfabe ile ba\u015fland\u0131, sonunda Kiril (Rus) alfabesine ge\u00e7ildi. Stalin politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 gelenler sert bir bi\u00e7imde cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. Rus\u00e7a y\u00f6netimde kullan\u0131lan tek dil (ger\u00e7ek resmi dil) yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ruslar \u201ca\u011fabey\u201d<\/strong> (b\u00fcy\u00fck birader ya hakim ulus), \u00f6b\u00fcrleri de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck biraderler say\u0131ld\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece \u201chalklar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi\u201d ilkesi \u00e7i\u011fnenmi\u015f oldu. Art\u0131k Rus\u00e7a d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki diller k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeye ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Adigey ba\u015fkenti Maykop<\/strong>\u2019ta bile, s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda Adigece konu\u015fanlar\u0131n Ruslarca azarlan\u0131p susturuldu\u011fu, dahas\u0131 d\u00f6v\u00fclebildi\u011fi durumlar bile olabiliyormu\u015f. B\u00f6ylesine bir ortamda ulusal dillerin geli\u015femeyece\u011fi bellidir.<\/p>\n \u015eimdilerde durumda bir iyile\u015ftirme s\u00f6z konusu ama hepsi o kadar.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn dil, ekonomisi tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 ve k\u0131smen d\u0131\u015ftan yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdaki k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Kentlere yerle\u015fenlerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Adigece\u2019yi yeterince bilmiyorlar. <\/p>\n 1992\u2019de Maykop\u2019taki 27 okulda 21 bin 085 \u00f6\u011frenci okuyordu. \u00a0Bu 21 bin \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7inden 1. 311\u2019i Adigece \u00f6\u011frenim al\u0131yordu (Maykop\u2019taki \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n % 6 kadar\u0131). Adigece \u00f6\u011frenim alanlar\u0131n 1. 043\u2019\u00fc Adige, 268\u2019i de Adige olmayanlar idi. Bu 27 okulda 2 bin 418 Adige as\u0131ll\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci bulunuyordu. <\/strong> <\/p>\n Bu durumda Maykop\u2019taki Adige k\u00f6kenli \u00f6\u011frencilerin sadece % 43 kadar\u0131 Adigece \u00f6\u011frenim alabiliyordu<\/strong>\u00a0 (Adige Mak, 24 Kas\u0131m 1992).<\/p>\n Kabul edilen bir yasa gere\u011fi Rus\u00e7a, Rusya Federasyonu (RF) b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde ge\u00e7erli bir resmi dildir. Durumu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm AC Parlamentosu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Adam Tliuj, Adigece’nin de resmi dil yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi<\/strong>. Adigece okum yazma bilen Adige say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 az (% 50) oldu\u011funu belirten Tliuj s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc: \u201dCumhuriyetimizde s\u0131rf Adigece konu\u015fan k\u00f6ylerde Adigece e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik. \u015eimdi s\u0131ra karma, yani Adigece ve Rus\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n bir arada konu\u015fuldu\u011fu yerle\u015fim birimlerinde. Ard\u0131ndan s\u0131ra Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fan yerle\u015fim birimlerine de gelecek, buralarda da Adigece \u00f6\u011fretim ba\u015flat\u0131lacak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u015fler 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tamamlanacak.\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bir Kuzey Kafkasya boyutunda herkesin bildi\u011fi genel anla\u015fma ve ileti\u015fim dili Rus\u00e7a\u2019d\u0131r. Y\u00f6netimde kullan\u0131lan dil de Rus\u00e7a\u2019d\u0131r. Bu politik durum, san\u0131r\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fmeyecektir. Burada, olsa olsa, yerel dile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir i\u015flev ve ya\u015fama olana\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n Lenin d\u00f6neminde bir cumhuriyet ya da \u00f6zerk birimde (region) ya\u015fayan Ruslar, o yerin yerel dilini de isteyerek \u00f6\u011freniyorlard\u0131. Ancak yerel ulusal dillerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve Rus dilinin \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131 bi\u00e7imindeki Stalinci \u201ca\u011fabey Rus ulus \u015fovenizmi\u201d, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (SSCB) da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in de bu sorun ortadan tam kalkm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n \u015e\u00f6yle ki, bir ankete g\u00f6re, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Adigece e\u011fitim almalar\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Adigeler, \u00a0b\u00fcrokrat aileleri aras\u0131nda % 25, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenimlilerde % 62, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131nda da % 68 kadard\u0131r (Age, ayn\u0131 yer). <\/p>\n Rusla\u015fma ve D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Konusu<\/strong><\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik Kuzey Kafkasya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ler 1860\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7lere ili\u015fkin olarak \u00e7ok \u015fey yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Say\u0131n Erol Taymaz<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n (\u0422\u0430\u0439\u043c\u044d\u0437) \u201cKafda\u011f\u0131\u201d dergisinde yer alan g\u00f6\u00e7 konulu \u00e7evirileri ve benim ayn\u0131 dergideki \u201cKafkasya\u201d<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131 dizim, \u201dKafda\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201cKuzey Kafkasya\u201d<\/strong> dergilerindeki ve \u201cArgun\u201d <\/strong>gazetesindeki de\u011fi\u015fik yaz\u0131lar\u0131m, bu alandaki yaz\u0131lardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda, kuzeyi Kuban \u0131rma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> (\u041f\u0449\u044b\u0437\u044d), g\u00fcneyi Abhazya\u2019da kalan Bz\u0131b \u0131rma\u011f\u0131<\/strong>, do\u011fusu da Belaya<\/strong> \u0131rma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> (\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0430\u0449\u044d) ile \u00e7evrili olan bir alan ya da Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya<\/strong> (Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi ve da\u011fl\u0131k Kuban b\u00f6lgesi)\u00a0 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Adige topraklar\u0131 Rus istilas\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Rus istilas\u0131na u\u011frayan Kuzey Kafkasya b\u00f6lgelerinden \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle g\u00f6\u00e7ler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ku\u015fkusuz g\u00f6\u00e7ler Rus kolonyalist politikalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Kuzey Kafkasya b\u00f6lgelerinden 1860 y\u0131l\u0131 ile 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na de\u011fin yay\u0131lan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca g\u00f6\u00e7ler devam etmi\u015ftir. Da\u011f\u0131stan, \u00c7e\u00e7en, \u0130ngu\u015f, Oset, Kabardey, Balkar, Kara\u00e7ay, Abaza<\/strong> (Abazin) g\u00f6\u00e7leri ile Kuban b\u00f6lgesi Adigelerinin<\/strong> g\u00f6\u00e7leri daha farkl\u0131 bir kategoride yer al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 ya da Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde<\/strong> ise, ilkinden farkl\u0131 bir durum, burada ko\u015fulsuz olarak t\u00fcm n\u00fcfusun tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bir etnik temizlik<\/strong> (d\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrg\u00fcn -HCY) uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu son b\u00f6lgede, k\u0131y\u0131da Natuhay<\/strong> ya da Natuhadj<\/strong> (\u041d\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439, \u041d\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436), Shapsugh, Hak\u2019u\u00e7<\/strong> (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0443\u0446\u0443), Wub\u0131h, Ciget<\/strong> (Sadz), Ah\u00e7\u0131ps\u0131, Aibga<\/strong> ve Pshular<\/strong> ile k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca uzanan s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n i\u00e7 yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda Abzeghler <\/strong>(\u0410\u0431\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0445) bar\u0131n\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Ruslar 1861\u2019de (3) benimsedikleri etnik temizlik kararlar\u0131na uygun olarak, b\u00f6lgeyi silah zoruyla yerli halktan son bireyine de\u011fin ar\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Etnik ar\u0131nd\u0131rma konusunda Ruslar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir tolerans g\u00f6stermedikleri bilinmektedir. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi Kalej<\/strong> (\u041a\u044a\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044a) (4) k\u00f6yl\u00fc Shapsugh ayd\u0131n\u0131 Ruslan NIBE<\/strong>\u2019nin, \u201dDaho Birli\u011fi\u201d <\/strong>(\u0414\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0434) adl\u0131 yap\u0131ta dayanarak s\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Wub\u0131hlar s\u00fcr\u00fclmemeleri haline tamamen boyun e\u011feceklerini, sorun \u00e7\u0131karmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 Rus komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirmi\u015fler ama bu istekleri Rus komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak direnen (ve hakk\u0131nda yerli halktan bo\u015faltma karar\u0131 al\u0131nan) bu son b\u00f6lgede tek bir yerli n\u00fcfus bile b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir halk T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, burada ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131 Kuban b\u00f6lgesine s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Shapsugh k\u00f6yleri ise, do\u011fudaki Kuban s\u00fcrg\u00fcn b\u00f6lgesinden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapan Adigeler taraf\u0131ndan sonradan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur (5).<\/p>\n 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abhazya\u2019ya bir Osmanl\u0131 deniz \u00e7\u0131kartmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131, Osmanl\u0131lar ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7ine girerek ayaklanan Abhazlar\u0131n ve Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yenilgiye u\u011framas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Abhazya (Sohum okrugu) a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe alm\u0131\u015f, Abhazya n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te birinden \u00e7o\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 gemileriyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve oraya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn ise Abhazlar ve Kuban b\u00f6lgesi (\u041f\u0449\u044b\u0437\u044d \u0448\u044a\u043e\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0440;\u015fimdi AC) Adigeleri, kendi y\u00f6netsel b\u00f6lgelerinde zay\u0131f y\u00fczdelere inmi\u015flerdir:1989\u2019da Adigey\u2019de % 22. 1 (2002\u2019de % 24. 2), Abhazya\u2019da %18 (\u015fimdi \u00fc\u00e7te bir dolay\u0131nda -HCY), Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya\u2019da % 11. 3. <\/p>\n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki K\u0131y\u0131boyu Shapsughya Adigeleri ise 1945\u2019te cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimleri <\/strong>(ulusal rayon) kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Shapsugh n\u00fcfusun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Sibirya\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fclerek n\u00fcfus seyreltmesi yoluna gidilmi\u015ftir<\/strong>. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi A\u015fe<\/strong> \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcst kolu vadisinde bulunan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck \u015eoyuk<\/strong> (\u04281\u043e\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443) k\u00f6y\u00fcnden bile Alman i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi olmakla su\u00e7lanarak 15 Shapsugh ailesi Kazakistan\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/strong> Bu arada Rus yerle\u015fimciler getirilerek, devlet yard\u0131m\u0131yla b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak K\u0131y\u0131boyu Shapsughya\u2019daki (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i ve Tuapse rayonu) Adige-Shapsugh n\u00fcfus y\u00fczdesi iyice d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr: % 6.<\/p>\n Demografik durum b\u00f6yle. Rus yerle\u015fmeler hala s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Buna g\u00f6re Maykop\u2019ta yeni semtler olu\u015fturulmakta, AC\u2019nin Tahtamukay rayonuna bu son iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok say\u0131da Rus yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r<\/strong>. Bu olu\u015fumlar sonucu AC\u2019nin n\u00fcfusu 1990\u2019da 436 bin olarak verilirken 14 Temmuz 1992\u2019de 455 bine y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir (6). K\u0131y\u0131boyu Shapsughya\u2019da (So\u00e7i ve Tuapse) ise, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7eli (So\u00e7i) y\u00f6neticilerin d\u00fczenlemeleriyle yeni Rus yerle\u015fimleri yarat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n Adigey y\u00f6neticileri ellerinden geldi\u011fince bu olumsuz olu\u015fumu durdurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi Tahtamukay rayonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nikolay Dem\u00e7uk<\/strong> ile AC Parlamentosu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Adam Tliuj<\/strong> giri\u015flerin durduruldu\u011funu ya da durdurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir (7).<\/p>\n Kolonizasyon Adigeyli Ruslar\u0131 da kayg\u0131land\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yerel Ruslar, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Adige-Kafkas geleneklerini ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini benimsemi\u015f kimseler. Bir etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fme istememektedirler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, yerel halk\u0131n aleyhine iyice bozulmu\u015f olan durumu iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin AC ve di\u011ferleri (Kabardey-Balkarya, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya, vd) diasporadan gelmi\u015f olan soyda\u015f Adigelere oturma izni veriyorlar. AC\u2019nin oturma izni olanlara, Maykop\u2019ta 800 metre kare geni\u015fli\u011finde paras\u0131z arsalar da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaya, dahas\u0131 n\u00fcfus m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da k\u00f6y muhtarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan atalar\u0131n\u0131n Kafkasya k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren belgeler getirenlere pasaport (kimlik belgesi) verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n Kafkasya\u2019da \u015fu an, \u00e7o\u011fu Maykop\u2019ta olmak \u00fczere, Reyhanl\u0131 ve Antalya gibi yerlerden gidip oraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f 100 ya da 200 tahmin edilen T\u00fcrkiyeli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir Adige grubu vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde paras\u0131z olanlar yan\u0131nda, \u00dcnal KILIN\u00c7VURAN<\/strong> (\u00c7etav) ve Dr. Necdet HATAM<\/strong> gibi bir miktar paras\u0131 olanlar ve okumak i\u00e7in oraya gidenler de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ancak, bilindi\u011fi gibi, RF\u2019nda ekonomi \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc bir durumda. Baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve karaborsa vard\u0131r. Ayl\u0131klar 15-20 Dolar gibi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir d\u00fczeydedir. Temmuz 1992\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm oraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f gen\u00e7lerden Cavit BAGEO\u011eLU, <\/strong>\u201d\u0130lk geldi\u011fimiz d\u00f6nemde 10 Dolar bozdurmam\u0131z yetiyordu, \u015fimdi 30 Dolar bozduruyoruz\u201d demi\u015fti (8). Bu da gelir ile gider aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n Kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm AC Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Adam Tliuj<\/strong>, \u201dAC s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7indeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yer alt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131, konutlar sadece AC\u2019nindir\u201d demi\u015f ve \u015fu mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti: \u201d\u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde toprak dahil her \u015feyi, madenleri, fabrikalar\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn tesislerimizi \u00f6zelle\u015ftirece\u011fiz. Geriye<\/strong> (sosyalizme) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f olmayacak\u2026 B\u00f6lgemize gelin ve i\u015fyerleri a\u00e7\u0131n. \u00a0Ev ve i\u015fyerleriniz bizim, AC\u2019nin korumas\u0131nda olacak<\/strong>\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n Soruna ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i a\u00e7\u0131dan e\u011fildi\u011fimizde ayl\u0131k kazanc\u0131 15-20 Dolar olan bir kimse, s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi kirac\u0131 olarak oturdu\u011fu devlete ait 5-10 bin Dolar de\u011ferindeki apartman dairesini hangi parayla sat\u0131n alabilinir? Hangi parayla toprak al\u0131r ya da kiralayabilir? Gerekli i\u015f donan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l sa\u011flar? Bu gibi konularda hangi d\u00fczeylerde bir devlet deste\u011fi verilebilir? Devletin de g\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n Kuzey Kafkasya b\u00f6lgeleri Rusya\u2019n\u0131n birer par\u00e7alar\u0131 olduklar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n geneli d\u00fczelmeden bu b\u00f6lgeler de d\u00fczelemez. Halk durumundan yak\u0131n\u0131yor. \u201dStalin d\u00f6neminde l\u00fcks yoktu, ama kimse de a\u00e7 de\u011fildi<\/strong>\u201d bi\u00e7imlerindeki yak\u0131nmalar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k duymak olanakl\u0131. Ku\u015fkusuz yak\u0131nmalar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olamaz.<\/p>\n Y\u00f6neticiler, bu arada en fazla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131 elde etti\u011fim Adam TL\u0130UJ<\/strong>, diasporadan gelecek Adigelerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla i\u015flerinde uzman ki\u015filer olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle, bunlar\u0131n ekonomiye bir canl\u0131l\u0131k getireceklerinin bilinci i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bu nedenle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7tenlikle istediklerini de s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu arada Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Aslan CARIME<\/strong>\u2019nin etkili ve becerikli bir kadro kurdu\u011fu da g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor. Car\u0131me, cumhuriyette ya\u015fayan Rus (% 64.5) ve Adige (% 24.2) n\u00fcfusun g\u00fcvenini elde etmi\u015f biri.<\/p>\n Ki\u015fisel izlenimim, ne denli istense bile, belli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde bir geli\u015fme sa\u011flanamayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Bunun ba\u015fta gelen nedeni de sermaye yoklu\u011fudur. O halde ortalama bir yol tutturulacak demektir.<\/p>\n Bu da bize, ister istemez karma bir ekonomi olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir (9). <\/p>\n RF\u2019nin Stat\u00fcs\u00fc ve Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Hareketleri<\/strong><\/p>\n 31 Mart 1992\u2019de imzalanan RF \u201cFederasyon S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d<\/strong>, \u00f6zerk cumhuriyet ya da region (b\u00f6lge) parlamentolar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nceleri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan egemenlik kararlar\u0131na (bildirilere) k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle cumhuriyetler i\u00e7in art\u0131k tam egemen olma durumlar\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyetler, ancak S\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fi kendilerine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 yetkileri kullanabileceklerdir.<\/p>\n <\/strong>Hen\u00fcz bir RF Anayasas\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019ye imza atmayan Tataristan Cumhuriyeti, RF ile tam bir e\u015fitlik temeline dayanan yeni bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalamakta diretmektedir<\/strong>. Bu konuda hen\u00fcz bir uzla\u015fma ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Tatarlarla var\u0131lacak uzla\u015fma ve haz\u0131rlanacak yeni anayasa, RF\u2019nun federal stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyecektir.<\/p>\n Bu arada S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019yi imzalayan cumhuriyetler (ve regionlar: kray, oblast ve okruglar), s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi AC pasaport ve vize verme gibi yetkileri kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu da ge\u00e7mi\u015fin k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bir ilerleme say\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n RF D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Soyda\u015flar\u0131n Sorunlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n RF d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan soyda\u015f (Kuzey Kafkasl\u0131) topluluklar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenememi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi daha \u00f6nce SSCB devlet \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi (yap\u0131s\u0131) i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015f olan ve o ba\u011flamda hak ve yetkileri sakl\u0131 olan Abhazya<\/strong> ve G\u00fcney Osetya<\/strong>, kendi parlamentolar\u0131nca al\u0131nan egemenlik kararlar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmadan, G\u00fcrcistan<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde al\u0131konulmu\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu egemenlik bildirilerine ve ayr\u0131lma kararlar\u0131na verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t \u00e7ok sert olmu\u015ftur. Gamsahurdiya<\/strong> y\u00f6netiminde G\u00fcrcistan, tek yanl\u0131 bir kararla G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fine son vererek, buray\u0131 askeri i\u015fgal alt\u0131na almaya kalk\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u015eevardnadze<\/strong> ile birlikte ge\u00e7ici bir ate\u015fkes sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eevardnadze y\u00f6netimi Abhazya\u2019dan gelen egemenlik ve federasyon konular\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme taleplerini reddederek, Abhazya\u2019ya askeri m\u00fcdahalede bulunup i\u015fgal harekat\u0131na kalk\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan yard\u0131m alan Abhazlar, G\u00fcrc\u00fc istilas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir direni\u015f hatt\u0131 (cephe) kurmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir yandan \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrerken, bir yandan da siyasal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in bask\u0131lar artmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1989\u2019da 537 bin olan Abhazya n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7inde 93.2 bin Abhaz (% 18) kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun (% 45) kendisinde oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcren G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n bir G\u00fcrc\u00fc topra\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddias\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedirler.<\/p>\n 8-10. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda merkezi Kutatisi<\/strong> (\u015fimdi Kutaisi) feodal bir Abhazya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> vard\u0131, krall\u0131k 975\u2019te G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Abhazya 1810-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Rus korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir feodal prenslik idi. G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019da bir tek Abhaz Prensli\u011fi<\/strong> varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftu, G\u00fcrc\u00fc prenslikleri ise kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, topraklar\u0131 do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Rusya\u2019ya ilhak edilmi\u015fti (1801-1812).<\/p>\n Tarihsel, siyasal ve etnik anlamda Abhazlar\u0131n ku\u015fkusuz kendi ulusal b\u00f6lgelerinde egemenlik ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet kurma haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Karde\u015f G\u00fcrc\u00fc halk\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin er ge\u00e7 bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterece\u011fi g\u00fcnler gelecektir. <\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7en Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> ise, mevcut ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z konumunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Ancak Rusya ile de ba\u011flar b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn kopar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ortak ekonomi, para, a\u00e7\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r ve ileti\u015fim s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bu arada \u015fiddetten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmakta olmas\u0131 da sevindirici bir durumdur.<\/p>\n \u00dcz\u00fcc\u00fc Oset-\u0130ngu\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ise \u015fimdilik durdurulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6te yandan Kara\u00e7ay<\/strong> ve Balkarlar\u0131n<\/strong> Kabardeyler<\/strong> ile olan s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri de yat\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ortam\u0131nda Ruslar da dahil t\u00fcm Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdur. Bu bak\u0131mdan Merkezi Rus y\u00f6netiminin b\u00f6lgedeki k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 eylemlerine ve Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131na bir son vermesi gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca cezas\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan Shapsugh halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011finin ko\u015fulsuz olarak geri verilmesi de huzur ve adalet sa\u011flama bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gereklidir.<\/p>\n NOT:<\/strong> Yaz\u0131 1993\u2019te yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olup dili sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f, anlam\u0131 korunarak d\u00fczeltmeden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f, baz\u0131 ad ve terimlerin yan\u0131nda Adigece yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da eklenerek yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bi\u00e7imde k\u0131smen g\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir. HCY<\/p>\n D\u0130PNOTLAR:<\/strong> HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız Kuzey Kafkasya Kültür Dergisi, sayı 87-88, İstanbul, Temmuz 1993 Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin (SSCB) dağılması, 15 bağımsız cumhuriyetin doğması ve yeryüzündeki bazı önemli gelişmeler nedeniyle, yeni bir durum ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu gibi konularda zaman zaman yazılar yazdığım olur. Biz Kafkas diasporası olarak, birçok bakımdan güçlükler içindeyiz. Maddi olanaksızlıklar, ayrıca destekleyici bir devlet 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\n<\/span> <\/b> Kuzey Kafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, say\u0131 87-88, \u0130stanbul, Temmuz 1993<\/span><\/p>\n
\n1) AC Parlamentosu<\/strong> \u015fimdi 54 \u00fcyeli olup iki kanattan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 27 \u00fcyeden olu\u015fan \u00fcst kanat<\/strong> 9 se\u00e7im \u00e7evresinden (Okrug:2 kent, 7 rayon) se\u00e7ilen \u00fc\u00e7er \u00fcyeden olu\u015fur. Adigelerin yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7im \u00e7evreleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck n\u00fcfuslu olarak 3\u2019er \u00fcyeyi \u00fcst meclise g\u00f6nderirler, buralardan daha \u00e7ok Adige as\u0131ll\u0131 \u00fcyeler se\u00e7ilir. 27 \u00fcyeli alt kanat<\/strong> i\u00e7in se\u00e7im \u00e7evreleri n\u00fcfusuna g\u00f6re temsilci \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar, bu kanatta da Rus \u00fcyeler \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturur. B\u00f6ylesine dengeli bir d\u00fczenlemeyle Rus-Adige temsil e\u015fitli\u011fi (paritet) korunur. -HCY
\n2)<\/strong> Zeynep K\u2019era\u015f<\/strong> (1923-1998), \u00fcnl\u00fc bir dilbilimleri uzman\u0131 idi.
\n 3) <\/strong> 1861\u2019de Rus Kafkasya Ordusu Komutan\u0131 General Baryatinski<\/strong>, hen\u00fcz i\u015fgal alt\u0131na al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f olan b\u00f6lgeler (\u00c7erkesya) halk\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u00fcr\u00fclmesini \u00f6nermi\u015f, \u00f6neri 1862 tarihli ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7 edilmesine izin veren\u201d bir Rus H\u00fck\u00fcmet karar\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokulmu\u015f, karar Aral\u0131k 1864 tarihine de\u011fin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalm\u0131\u015f, 1967\u2019de de iptal edilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki b\u00f6lgeler yerli halktan tamamen bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Kafkasya\u2019da kalanlar da Orta Kuban ve Orta Laba solundaki ovalara da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k k\u00fcmler halinde yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir. -HCY
\n 4)<\/strong> Kalej<\/strong>, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e (So\u00e7i)\u00a0 kentsel alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde Ps\u0131\u015fuape<\/strong> (Lazarevsk) kentsel rayonuna ba\u011fl\u0131 A\u015fe \u0131rma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> vadisinde bir k\u00f6y. Burada Nart<\/strong> s\u00f6ylentilerine g\u00f6re ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n at\u0131larak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cYa\u015fl\u0131lar Da\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/strong> (\u0416\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0438\u0431\u0433) bulunur. Shapsughlar\u0131n ve kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n tarihi i\u00e7in bkz. T. V. Polovinkina, \u00c7erkesya, G\u00f6n\u00fcl Yaram, Ankara, 2007. -HCY
\n5)<\/strong> K\u0131y\u0131boyu Shapsughya\u2019da (So\u00e7i ve Tuapse rayonlar) bug\u00fcn 14 Shapsugh k\u00f6y\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n6)<\/strong> Adigey\u2019in n\u00fcfusu 2002\u2019de 447. 109\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, \u015fimdilerde ise 442 bine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenmektedir.
\n7)<\/strong> Rus giri\u015flerinin durdurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1989-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Rus diasporas\u0131ndan (Kazakistan, Orta Asya cumhuriyetleri, vb) getirilen 155. 400 Rus yerle\u015fimcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck Adigey\u2019e yerle\u015ftirilerek Adige n\u00fcfus y\u00fczdesinin artmas\u0131n\u0131n ve diasporadan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u00f6nlendi\u011fi, sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n8)<\/strong> Cavit Bageo\u011flu ayda 30 Dolar bozdurman\u0131n yetti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti, ancak dizgide yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla 50 Dolar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n9)<\/strong> Bu tahminde yan\u0131ld\u0131k. Devlet mallar\u0131 ya\u011fmaland\u0131, fabrikalar s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131, makineler mafya eliyle d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p sat\u0131ld\u0131, b\u00f6ylece birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda s\u00fcper zengin bir z\u00fcmre olu\u015ftu. Bunlar\u0131n ayr\u0131 l\u00fcks siteleri ve ya\u015fam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Halk ayda 30-40 Dolar\u2019a \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ve \u00e7ile doldururken, bu t\u00fcreme zenginler \u015fimdi Akdeniz sahillerinde yazl\u0131klara sahiptirler, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 da \u0130ngiliz ve \u0130svi\u00e7re okullar\u0131nda okutmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"