{"id":11064,"date":"2019-03-23T13:51:08","date_gmt":"2019-03-23T18:51:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11064"},"modified":"2019-03-23T13:51:08","modified_gmt":"2019-03-23T18:51:08","slug":"cicek-asisi-ve-voltaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/cicek-asisi-ve-voltaire\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7\u0130\u00c7EK A\u015eISI VE VOLTA\u0130RE"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vehbi Belgil
\n<\/span> <\/b> Bilim D\u00fcnyas\u0131, 28 Ocak 1979 <\/span><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131mda and\u0131\u011f\u0131m Voltaire\u2019nin mektubuna ay\u0131rd\u0131m bu yaz\u0131m\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Voltaire\u2019nin mektubu. \u0130ngilizlerin deli ve kudurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan Avrupa\u2019da f\u0131s\u0131lt\u0131 halinde s\u00f6ylenmektedir;\u2019\u2019Deli\u2019\u2019 imi\u015fler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalatmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalat\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f; \u2019\u2019kudurmu\u015flarm\u0131\u015f\u2019\u2019\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc gelip gelmeyece\u011fi belli olamayan bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu \u00e7ocuklara belli ve korkun\u00e7 bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir istekle ge\u00e7iriyorlarm\u0131\u015f, \u0130ngilizler ise bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle diyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6b\u00fcr Avrupal\u0131lar korkak ve soysuzla\u015fm\u0131\u015f insanlard\u0131r, korkakt\u0131rlar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n biraz canlar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131ndan \u00fcrk\u00fcyorlar; soysuzdurlar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar\u0131 bir g\u00fcn \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6lmeye haz\u0131r durumda bulunduruyorlar.<\/p>\n

Bu tart\u0131\u015fmada kimin hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda bir yarg\u0131ya var\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, \u0130ngiltere d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck korku ile s\u00f6z edilen bu \u00fcnl\u00fc a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da veriyorum.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkesyal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bile olsalar \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fe yakalatmay\u0131 \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan bu yana gelenek edinmi\u015flerdi. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor ve bu yaraya, ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun v\u00fccudundan \u00f6zenle ald\u0131klar\u0131 bir apseyi koyuyorlar. Bu apse, \u00fczerine kondu\u011fu kolda, mayan\u0131n bir hamur par\u00e7as\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiyi yap\u0131yor; orada kabar\u0131yor ve kendisindeki \u00f6zellikleri kana yay\u0131yor. Kendisine yapay olarak \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lanan \u00e7ocu\u011fun yaralar\u0131, ayn\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da ge\u00e7irmeye yar\u0131yor. \u00c7erkesya\u2019da bu hemen her g\u00fcn yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u00fclkede kazara hi\u00e7 \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksa ba\u015fka yerlerde halk k\u00f6t\u00fc bir y\u0131l i\u00e7in nas\u0131l \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcrse burada da \u00f6yle \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ba\u015fka \u00fclkeler insanlar\u0131na \u00e7ok garip gelen bu gelene\u011fin \u00c7erkesya\u2019da yerle\u015fmesinin nedeni b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli bir nedeni: Evlat sevgisi ve \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

K\u0131zlar G\u00fczel Olsun Diye..
\n<\/b>
\n\u00c7erkesler yoksuldur, k\u0131zlar\u0131 g\u00fczeldir; bu y\u00fczden, en \u00e7ok satt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fey bu g\u00fczel k\u0131zlar\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, \u0130ran haremlerine ve bu de\u011ferli mal\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131p evlerinde bulunduracak derecede zengin olanlar\u0131n haremlerine g\u00fczel kad\u0131n temin ederler. Bu k\u0131zlar\u0131, gayet ince ve k\u0131vrak danslar \u00f6\u011frenecek, sat\u0131lacaklar\u0131 kan\u0131ksanm\u0131\u015f efendilerine en k\u00f6sn\u00fc uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, namuslar\u0131na el s\u00fcrmeden yeti\u015ftirirler. Bu zavall\u0131 yarat\u0131klar nedenini anlamadan, derslerini anneleriyle her g\u00fcn tekrarlar.<\/p>\n

Ancak, bir baba ve bir annenin, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na iyi bir e\u011fitim vermek i\u00e7in katland\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck zahmetlerin bir anda gitti\u011fi de oluyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc aileye \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 geliyordu; k\u0131zlar\u0131n biri bu hastal\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcyor, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kaybediyor, bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn burnu \u015fi\u015fiyordu ve zavall\u0131 ana baba b\u00fct\u00fcn ge\u00e7im vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyorlard\u0131. Hatta \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n salg\u0131n bi\u00e7imini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda, bu i\u015fin ticareti birka\u00e7 y\u0131l duruyor, bunun sonucu olarak, \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrk saraylar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131z k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n

Ticaretle ge\u00e7inen bir ulus, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 konusunda \u00e7ok uyan\u0131k olur ve ticaretine yararl\u0131 olabilen bilgilerin hi\u00e7birini \u00f6\u011frenmezlik etmez. \u00c7erkesler, b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudu saran \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na bin ki\u015fide ancak bir ki\u015finin iki kez yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bir\u00e7ok hallerde i\u015fin \u00fc\u00e7 veya d\u00f6rt hafif \u00e7i\u00e7ekle ge\u00e7i\u015ftirildi\u011finin, fakat bunlar\u0131n asla iz b\u0131rak\u0131c\u0131 ve tehlikeli cinsten olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n; k\u0131sacas\u0131 insan\u0131n, bu hastal\u0131\u011fa, tam bi\u00e7imi ile bir kezden fazla yakalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na vard\u0131lar. Fark\u0131na vard\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de \u015fu oldu; \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131klar\u0131, \u00e7ok hafif ge\u00e7i\u015ftirildikleri ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek yaralar\u0131, delmek i\u00e7in ancak nazik ve ince derilere kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 hallerde y\u00fczde hi\u00e7bir iz b\u0131rakm\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu do\u011fal g\u00f6zlemlerden \u015fu sonuca vard\u0131lar; alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k veya bir ya\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hafif atlat\u0131rsa \u00f6lm\u00fcyor, \u00e7i\u00e7ek bozu\u011fu olmuyor ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar bir daha bu hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu durumda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fczelliklerini korumak i\u00e7in onlara k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lamaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7are kalm\u0131yordu ve b\u00f6yle yap\u0131ld\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in de bulunabilen en tam ve en uygun \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan bir yara bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun v\u00fccuduna a\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Denemenin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmamas\u0131 diye bir \u015fey olamazd\u0131\u2026 Ak\u0131ll\u0131 kimseler olan T\u00fcrkler bu gelene\u011fi hemen benimsediler ve bug\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019da, o\u011flunu ve k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 memeden kestirirken \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131latmayan Pa\u015fa katiyen yoktur.<\/p>\n

Kurtar\u0131c\u0131 Prenses
\n<\/b>
\nKimi kimseler, \u00c7erkeslerin, bu gelene\u011fi eski zamanlarda Araplardan ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerler; fakat biz bu tarihi noktan\u0131n ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 Benediktin rahiplerine b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz. Bunlar bu konuda, i\u00e7inde kan\u0131tlarla cilt cilt b\u00fcy\u00fck kitaplar yazmakta kusur etmeyeceklerdir. Benim bu hususta s\u00f6yleyece\u011fim \u015fey \u015fu; Birinci George\u2019un (1714-1727) iktidar\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin en zeki ve en uyan\u0131k kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biri olan Bayan Wortley \u2013Montaigu, sefir kocas\u0131 ile birlikte \u0130stanbul\u2019da iken bu memlekette do\u011furdu\u011fu bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131latmakta teredd\u00fct etmemi\u015f. \u00d6zel tabibi, bu a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak kafirlerde (yani M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarda) ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fse de dinletememi\u015f. Bayan Wortley\u2019in o\u011flu a\u015f\u0131dan sapasa\u011flam \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Bu han\u0131m, Londra\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fcnce, durumu, \u015fimdiki krali\u00e7e olan Galles Prensesi’ne anlatm\u0131\u015f. \u015eunu itiraf gerekir ki, unvanlar ta\u00e7lar bir yana, bu prenses b\u00fct\u00fcn sanatlar\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek ve insanlara iyilik etmek i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; kendisi tahtta sevimli bir filozof; hi\u00e7bir \u00f6\u011frenme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131, hi\u00e7bir c\u00f6mertlik f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131yor; bu prensestir ki, Milton\u2019un (\u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130ngiliz \u015fairi,1608-1674) bir k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n hayatta oldu\u011funu ve sefalet i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenince kendisine derhal b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hediye g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir; rahip Courayer\u2019yi (\u0130ngiliz kilisesinin de din bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yasall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundu\u011fundan \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f bir Katolik rahibi) bug\u00fcn himaye eden bu prensestir; doktor Clarke (\u0130ngiliz filozofu,1675-1729) ile Leibnitz (Alman bilgin ve filozofu,1646-1716) aras\u0131nda arac\u0131l\u0131k lutfunda bulunan yine bu prensestir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu prenses \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez, bunun denemesini idam mahkumu 4 cani \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece de bunlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 iki kez kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, onlar\u0131 sadece sehpadan kurtarmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, suni \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde onlar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla yakalan\u0131p belki de daha ileri bir ya\u015fta \u00f6ld\u00fcrecek olan do\u011fal \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu denemenin yararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat getiren Prenses \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131latt\u0131. \u0130ngiliz halk\u0131 da kendisini izledi. O zamandan beri en az 10 bin aile \u00e7ocu\u011fu ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131, bir o kadar k\u0131zda g\u00fczelliklerini krali\u00e7e ile bayan Wortley-Montaigu\u2019ye bor\u00e7lu bulunmaktalar. O zaman bu a\u015f\u0131 Fransa\u2019da kullan\u0131lsayd\u0131 binlerce insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 kurtulurdu.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vehbi Belgil Bilim Dünyası, 28 Ocak 1979 Geçen haftaki yazımda andığım Voltaire’nin mektubuna ayırdım bu yazımı. İşte Voltaire’nin mektubu. İngilizlerin deli ve kudurmuş oldukları Hıristiyan Avrupa’da fısıltı halinde söylenmektedir;’’Deli’’ imişler, çünkü çocuklarını çiçek hastalığına yakalatmamaları için çiçek hastalığına yakalatıyorlarmış; ’’kudurmuşlarmış’’çünkü gelip gelmeyeceği belli olamayan bir hastalığa yakalanmamaları için bu çocuklara belli ve korkunç bir hastalığı […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11064"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11066,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11064\/revisions\/11066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}