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<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Nilg\u00fcn Kanbolat<\/span><\/strong> “Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ayr\u0131mc\u0131 gruplar-aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin biyolojik temellerle do\u011frulanabilece\u011fi yan\u0131ltmacasma dayanan anti-sosya! inan\u0131\u015f ve davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. ” (1) <\/em><\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n Irk\u00e7\u0131 tutumlar, yaln\u0131zca renk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak motivize edilse de tarihte egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye dayal\u0131 e\u015fitsizlik\u00e7i g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve halk\u0131n \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla, devlet ideolojisi niteli\u011fini kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n denizcilikteki at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 ve ke\u015fifleri sonucu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, kolonicilik d\u00f6neminde belirginle\u015fmi\u015f, kapitalizm d\u00f6neminde ise geli\u015fen bir yap\u0131 izlemi\u015ftir. Kolonicilik ile yeni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha \u00f6nce ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerine giden bat\u0131 insanlar\u0131, farkl\u0131 geli\u015fimler sonucu farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ya\u015fayan, bi\u00e7imleri ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fik tablolar \u00e7izen, ilkel ya da yan uygar topluluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve aralar\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fclt\u00fcrel fark onlar\u0131 kendilerinden olmayan yarat\u0131klar veya ba\u015fka bir \u0131rk\u0131n insanlar\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lamalar\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Daha eski d\u00f6nemlerde, kabilecilik, uygar-barbar, \u00fcmmet\u00e7ilik, soyluculuk gibi etnosantrik (etnik benmerkezci) tutumlar, toplumlar aras\u0131 veya ayn\u0131 toplum i\u00e7indeki insanlar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde, ay\u0131rdedici \u00f6zellik say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Ancak ay\u0131rdedici nitelik say\u0131labilecek bu de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rman\u0131n daha bir esnekli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131n \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, t\u00fcm bu tutumlardan daha, keskin bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu olgu “bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n (ya da z\u00fcmrenin) ‘”bunal\u0131m” d\u00f6neminin \u00f6\u011fretisi” (2) oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini de kapsar.<\/p>\n Burjuvaziye ve Mutlak Monar\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 kendini korumak kayg\u0131s\u0131nda olan aristokrasi, savunma arac\u0131 olarak, soy \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dayal\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fck servetleri elinde tutmaya ba\u015flayan burjuvalar ise aristokratlardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak amac\u0131yla soyluluk unvanlar\u0131 sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f ve uzak \u00fclkelerdeki farkl\u0131 renkteki insanlara kar\u015f\u0131, beyaz \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftiren bir politika izlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ulusal devletlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bilin\u00e7li olarak destekleyen burjuva ideologlar\u0131, ulusal birlikteli\u011fi sa\u011f\u00adlamak i\u00e7in yurt sevgisini, kendi insanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6v\u00fcc\u00fc, di\u011fer uluslara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lara dayal\u0131 daha ac\u0131mas\u0131z, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler sonucu, ger\u00e7ek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde ulus ile \u0131rk s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri ayn\u0131 kavramlarm\u0131\u015f gibi kullan\u0131larak ulus baz\u0131nda, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yap\u0131lanmalar olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Oysa ne Frans\u0131z ne \u0130talyan ve ne de Alman gibi isimler de\u011fi\u015fik \u0131rklar\u0131 de\u011fil, de\u011fi\u015fik uluslar\u0131 anlatan terimlerdir. Ancak Nazi Almanya’s\u0131n\u0131n Hitler’i s\u00f6zlerinde;<\/p>\n “En b\u00fcy\u00fck derdimiz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve bozuk kand\u0131r. Kendimizi nas\u0131l safla\u015ft\u0131rabiliriz ve kefaretini nas\u0131l \u00f6deriz? Tanr\u0131n\u0131n bah\u015fetti\u011fi sonsuz hayat ger\u00e7ekten saf ve soylu olanlar i\u00e7indir yaln\u0131zca” (3) demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Hitler “genetik kaliteye” ula\u015fman\u0131n yolunu, insan haralar\u0131 kurmak ve buralarda, saf Alman \u0131rk\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmekte bulmu\u015ftur. Yahudileri ise, Alman \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 dejenere ettikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle bask\u0131, ter\u00f6r ve koydu\u011fu yasalarla, toplu katliamlarla yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Yahudili\u011fin dini bir \u00f6\u011freti oldu\u011funu ve \u0131rk anlam\u0131nda ele al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zard\u0131 etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n “Rosenberg bir ulusu birlik i\u00e7inde tutmak i\u00e7in ortak bir d\u00fc\u015fman yaratmak gere\u011fine inan\u0131r.” Oysa “harekete ge\u00e7en bir \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011fi” vard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda ger\u00e7ek olan Yahudilerin, tarihte bir\u00e7ok halklar taraf\u0131ndan, k\u00f6lele\u015ftirildi\u011fi ya da d\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. E\u015fitsizlik\u00e7i tutumlara kar\u015f\u0131, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in kendilerini “kutsal ve vaad edilmi\u015f topra\u011fa yerle\u015fecek se\u00e7kin halk” gibi ideolojik ama \u00f6z\u00fcnde psikolojik savunmaya dayal\u0131, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler Yahudiler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Yahudi burjuvalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrecek ulusal bir devlet yaratma iste\u011fi ve gerekse emperyalist devletlerin deste\u011fi sonucu, “T\u00fcm d\u00fcnya Yahudileri”ni Filistin’de birle\u015ftirme \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc do\u011frultusunda, siyonist politika etkin konuma ge\u00e7er. D\u00fcn\u00fcn Almanya’s\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na hedef olan Yahudiler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Filistinlilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u015foven ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 tutumlar\u0131yla her g\u00fcn \u015fiddetin dozunu art\u0131rarak bask\u0131lar\u0131na devam etmektedirler.<\/p>\n Apartheid (ayr\u0131 geli\u015fme), G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nin benimsedi\u011fi, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 politikan\u0131n ismidir. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131n insanlara e\u015fit uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7ilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri olmayan zenci ve Asyal\u0131 halklardan, beyaz az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n koydu\u011fu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan, yasalara uymalar\u0131 beklenmektedir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Toplulu\u011fu’nun bu \u00fclkeyi \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131na ve t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 protesto ve yapt\u00adr\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131n G. Afrika Cumhuriyeti \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ekte, baz\u0131 topluluklarda belli fenotiplerin a\u011f\u0131r basmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0131rklar\u0131n kesin ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n uygar, geli\u015fmi\u015f ya da azgeli\u015fmi\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n nedenini, \u0131rksal kal\u0131t\u0131ma, fizik ve fizyolojik \u00f6zelliklere, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel niteliklerdeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klara ba\u011flamak \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 politikalara \u00f6zg\u00fc bir tutumdur. As\u0131l belirleyici olan t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir anlay\u0131\u015fla, bu olaya kar\u015f\u0131 tutumlar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu konuda hi\u00e7bir sorunu olmayan \u00fclkelerde bile, bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f ya da uluslararas\u0131 bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131kta, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n da deste\u011fiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, tehlikeli boyutlara ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok uzak bir olas\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fil. Sahte bilimsel temellere dayand\u0131r\u0131lsa da halk\u0131n zay\u0131f bir an\u0131nda, \u00f6nyarg\u0131 dozunun y\u00fckseltilip, toplumsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirilebilmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00d6nemli olan t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir anlay\u0131\u015fla bu olaya kar\u015f\u0131 tutumlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 direnen t\u00fcm halklara kurum ve kurulu\u015flara m\u00fccadelelerinde ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 dilerken, bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn kavgalar\u0131nda yeti\u015fen insanlar\u0131n belki de \u00e7ok yak\u0131nda elde edecekleri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015farken, gelece\u011fe insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm insanlara ayr\u0131cal\u0131ks\u0131z uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede \u00f6zg\u00fcr bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde bir d\u00fcnya b\u0131rakacaklar\u0131 inanc\u0131nday\u0131z.<\/p>\n D\u0130PNOTLAR Nilgün Kanbolat Kafdağı Dergisi, Şubat 1988, s. 3 “Irkçılık ayrımcı gruplar-arası ilişkilerin biyolojik temellerle doğrulanabileceği yanıltmacasma dayanan anti-sosya! inanış ve davranışlardır. ” (1) Irkçı tutumlar, yalnızca renk düşmanlığı olarak motivize edilse de tarihte egemen sınıfların sömürüye dayalı eşitsizlikçi görüşleri ve halkın önyargılarının da katılımıyla, devlet ideolojisi niteliğini kazanmıştır. Batı toplumlarının denizcilikteki atılımları ve keşifleri sonucu 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\nKafda\u011f\u0131 Dergisi, \u015eubat 1988,<\/span> s. 3<\/p>\n
\n1) <\/strong> Siyonizm ve Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 20
\n2) <\/strong>\u015eenel Alaeddin; Irk ve Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi: s. 63, Bilim Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 – A\u011fustos 1984.
\n3) <\/strong>Yar\u0131n Dergisi, May\u0131s 1985, s. 13, Nazilerden \u0130nciler.
\n4-5)<\/strong> \u015eenel Alaeddin; Irk ve Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, s. 102-162. Bilim Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, A\u011fustos 1984. 6) \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n Kemal, Yar\u0131n Dergisi, s. 16, Kas\u0131m 1985<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"