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\u00d6zdemir \u00d6zbay<\/strong> \u0130nsan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n 300 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke, hemen t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya dillerinde yer alan, ula\u015f\u0131lmaz, afsunlu, gizemli, atlas renkli, d\u00fc\u015fler, mutluluklar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke; \u00c7erkes boylar\u0131n\u0131n kutsal ata yurdu; do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya, kuzeyden g\u00fcneye, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r toplumlar\u0131n, uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi tarih kavimler kap\u0131s\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n Kafkasya, de\u011fi\u015fik etnik k\u00f6kenli toplumlar\u0131n bir arada bar\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgedir. \u0130nsan \u0131rkinin \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sav\u0131n\u0131n detaylar\u0131na inince, Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da t\u00fcreyen insan soyunun \u00f6ncelikle yak\u0131n \u00e7evreye, Transkafkasya\u2019ya, kuzey-do\u011fuya ve g\u00fcney-bat\u0131ya yay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu savlar\u0131 bir dereceye kadar do\u011frulayan bulgular ve kan\u0131tlar vard\u0131r. Nitekim, \u015fimdi Krasnodar topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca \u00e7ok say\u0131da palaeolitik yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunlara ilk yerle\u015fen insanlar\u0131n avc\u0131 ve besin toplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130nsano\u011flunun besin toplay\u0131c\u0131 olan ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00fcretim ekonomisine, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve tar\u0131ma ge\u00e7i\u015fine kadar binlerce y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n halen ta\u015f ve kemikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anaerkil toplum d\u00fczeninin de oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Anaerkil toplum d\u00fczeni s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda metal hen\u00fcz bilinmemektedir. Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l sonra metalle tan\u0131\u015fan insano\u011flu, ilk olarak bakir ve tuncu kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak alt\u0131n, daha \u00e7ok dekoratif ama\u00e7larla ve tak\u0131 e\u015fyas\u0131 \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya erken metal \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na M.\u00d6. 3 bin y\u0131llar\u0131nda, ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 5 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak, mezar alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde mezar t\u00fcmseklerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme rastlamaktad\u0131r. Arkeologlar, bu d\u00f6nemde bu b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 bir s\u0131n\u0131flamaya tabi tutmu\u015flard\u0131r: Kaya mezar – Katakomp mezar toplumlar\u0131 ve ah\u015fap mezar kabileleri gibi. Ba\u015fka bir s\u0131n\u0131flama ya\u015fanan topraklara ve b\u00f6lgelere yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Maykop (Miyekuape) veya Kuzey Kafkasya boylar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n An\u0131lan mezar \u00f6rnekleri Krasnodar\u2019da ve \u00f6zellikle Adigey Cumhuriyeti ba\u015fkenti olan Maykop\u2019taki m\u00fczede sergilenmektedir. Bu maket mezarlarda, mezarlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 andaki durumlar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fclerin g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imleri, mezardan \u00e7\u0131kan e\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri detayl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde belirtilmektedir. Bu mezarlar\u0131 b\u0131rakan insanlar\u0131n genelde u\u011fra\u015f alan\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak, topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemeyi de bir ek i\u015f olarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinde ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Dolmen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, adini al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k neolitik oda mezarlar ya da kayalarda oyulmu\u015f mezarlardan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya dolmalar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, M.\u00d6. 2.binin ortalar\u0131ndan son \u00e7eyre\u011fine kadar olan d\u00f6neme rastlamaktad\u0131r. Bu mezarlar, Kuban nehrinin sa\u011f yakas\u0131nda yer alan bozk\u0131r hatt\u0131ndaki kuyu-mezar k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc topluluklar\u0131na ait mezar tepeleri ile ya\u015f\u0131tt\u0131r. Orada \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00fczerleri kereste ile kapat\u0131lan \u00e7ukurlara g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu mezarlar genellikle e\u015fya bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan di\u011fer mezarlara g\u00f6re fakir olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn kimi zaman d\u00f6rt tekerlekli bir araba ile g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de olurdu. Bu mezarlarda alt\u0131n k\u00fcpeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda metal e\u015fyaya \u00e7ok az rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n M.\u00d6. 3 binde Kuban nehrinin g\u00fcneyinde Maykop k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc do\u011fup geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr, giderek etkilerini do\u011fuda Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019a bat\u0131da Novorosissk ve Taman topraklar\u0131na kadar hissettirmi\u015ftir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn en parlak d\u00f6neminde demir d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm metallerin i\u015flendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Maykop k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7arkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6mlek tezgah\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri yak\u0131n-do\u011fu ve \u00f6zellikle Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 havas\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. Bu denli erken bir d\u00f6nemde \u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7i \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131n\u0131, Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisi olarak de\u011ferlendiren ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da vard\u0131r. Ancak bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fildir. Maykop k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00e7ok zengin alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f e\u015fyalarla dolu mezarlara g\u00f6m\u00fclmektedir. Bu mezar tepeleri i\u00e7erisinde s\u00f6z konusu k\u00fclt\u00fcre ad\u0131n\u0131 veren Maykop Mezar Tepesi her y\u00f6n\u00fc ile di\u011fer mezar tepelerinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 4 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce, M.\u00d6. 2 binin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, antik Kuzey Kafkasya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk bulgular\u0131, Katakomp mezar kabilesinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihsel de\u011ferleri Kuban steplerine do\u011fru yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr di\u011fer Kuzey Kafkasya kabileleri ile yakin bir ili\u015fkiye girmi\u015f ve bu ili\u015fki sonucu kabileler giderek nehrin di\u011fer yakas\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile ilgili olarak bu b\u00f6lgelere yabanc\u0131 kabileler kendi \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme y\u00f6ntemlerini de getirmi\u015flerdir. Bu kabilelerin \u00f6l\u00fclerini, alt\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ukurun yan taraf\u0131na g\u00f6merek \u00fczerlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir toprak tepecik ile \u00f6rtt\u00fcklerini g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bu d\u00f6neme ait mezar b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da metal e\u015fyaya rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda bu b\u00f6lgelerde ah\u015fap mezar k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fi M.\u00d6. 2 bin y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na uzanan mezarlar bulunmu\u015ftur. Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da kabile geli\u015fiminin son a\u015famas\u0131 olan Tun\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, burada bulunan metal i\u015fleme sahas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile karakterize olmaktad\u0131r. Bak\u0131r cevherinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p eritildi\u011fi, ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan, \u00f6zellikle tun\u00e7tan \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u015fyalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemin sonu, demirin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n habercisi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da demir M.\u00d6. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana bilinmektedir. Engels\u2019e g\u00f6re demir cevherinin eritilerek demir elde edilmesi, \u201cdemir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ile birlikte saban demiri ve balta demiri\u201d d\u00f6nemini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihte devrim yaratma i\u015flevi \u00fcstlenen, t\u00fcm hammaddelerin sonuncusu ve en \u00f6nemlisi olan demir insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmetine bu \u00e7a\u011flarda girmi\u015ftir. Demir geni\u015f alanlarda tar\u0131m yapmay\u0131 ve ormanlar\u0131n temizlenerek tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli hale getirilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demir insano\u011fluna, ta\u015f\u0131n ve di\u011fer metallerin hi\u00e7birisinin dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131 sertlik ve keskinlikle ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7ler ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demirin tar\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, yava\u015f yava\u015f besin toplay\u0131c\u0131 toplumdan hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 topluma ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f erkek g\u00fcc\u00fcne gereksinim duydu\u011fu i\u00e7in toplumda erke\u011fin i\u015flevinin ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 da getirerek babaerkil toplum d\u00fczeninin de habercisi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u00dcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ve aletlerin geli\u015fmesi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra bu y\u00f6relere yerle\u015fenler, yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7enler, kendi yasam bi\u00e7imlerini, topra\u011f\u0131 isleme y\u00f6ntemlerini geli\u015ftirerek, topra\u011f\u0131n sabanla i\u015flendi\u011fi daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal de\u011fi\u015fimler de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir ekonomi, servetin belirli ailelerde toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve zamanla bu ailelerin bir klan aristokrasisi \u00e7evresinde toplanarak toplulu\u011fun di\u011fer kesimlerinin kendilerine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 sonucunu getirmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde ayr\u0131ca geni\u015f kabile birliklerinin bi\u00e7imlendi\u011fi, belirgin hale geldi\u011fi d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n Kabile birliklerinin bi\u00e7imlendi\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemde, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7erkes boylar\u0131n\u0131n atalar\u0131 olan Meot, Sind, Zikhi, Kerket, Pses, Henioch, Zanig ve daha ba\u015fka boylar bu tarihten ba\u015flayarak maddi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimlerini, daha ba\u015fka bir deyimle etnik b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeyi tamamlamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu\u2019dan kaynaklanan kimi stilize motiflerin ya da e\u015fyalar\u0131n benze\u015fimine dayanak olarak g\u00f6steren \u00c7erkeslerin k\u00f6kenini Orta Asya steplerine ve Turan illerinde arayanlar da yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmektedirler. \u00c7erkesler Kuzey Kafkasya topraklar\u0131nda etnik konsolidasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan otokton topluluklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Eski Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131 ve kabilelerinin adlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn bilinmesini, kom\u015fular\u0131 taraf\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lan yaz\u0131l\u0131 an\u0131tlara bor\u00e7luyuz. Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerde adi ge\u00e7en boylar; Kimmer, Iskit, Sarmat, Tauri, Sind, Meot, Kerket, Zikhi, Henioch, Zanig, Pses, Psil ve Kolchi\u2019dir. M.\u00c7. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya n\u00fcfusunu Meotlar ile di\u011fer Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131 da\u011fl\u0131 kabileler olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Meotlar Azak Denizi\u2019nin do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131, Kuban nehrinin alt ve orta havzalar\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Nehrin sa\u011f yakas\u0131nda kalan topraklar\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tamizbekskaya yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesine kadar uzan\u0131yordu. Meotlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan Antik Grekler (Yunanlar) M.\u00d6. 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk kez Meotlardan s\u00f6z etmektedirler. \u00d6te yandan Meotlar\u0131n M.\u00d6. 8. ve 7. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde, k\u00f6k\u00fc Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na kadar uzanan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sekil verdikleri ger\u00e7e\u011fi de arkeolojik bulgulardan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cMeot\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kabileyi kapsayan kolektif bir isimdir. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan eski Grek co\u011frafyac\u0131s\u0131 Strabo, \u201cMeotlar\u0131n, Sind, Dandari, Toreates, Ayres, Arreches, Torpotes, Obicliakenes, Doskhi ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok kabileden olu\u015ftu\u011funu\u201d yazar. Yaln\u0131zca antik edebiyat kaynaklar\u0131nda de\u011fil, bu konuyu i\u015fleyen Bosphor Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan ta\u015f tabletlerde de Azak Denizi\u2019nin g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve Kuban havzas\u0131 antik kabilelerinin isimleri a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Bu isimler Meot kabilelerini olu\u015fturan ve Bosphor Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da unsurlar\u0131 olan Sind, Dandari, Toreatesi Pses ve Sarmat kabileleridir. Bu topluluklar daha kuzeylerde, Don ve Volga \u0131rmaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki, daha \u00f6nce Meotlara ait olan topraklar\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir (\u00f6zellikler Sarmatlar). Don ve Kuban nehirleri aras\u0131nda do\u011fal bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 ve Sarmatlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bir topluluk olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, bu toplulu\u011fu bazen kuzeyde bazen g\u00fcneyde, Kuban Havzas\u0131\u2019nda girebilmekteyiz.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7erkeslerin atalar\u0131 olan ve M.\u00d6. 1000 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda etnik konsolidasyon (peki\u015fme) s\u00fcrecini tamamlam\u0131\u015f olan Kuban bozk\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n bu sahipleri incelendi\u011finde, devaml\u0131 bir yer de\u011fi\u015fiminin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130skitlerin, bu bozk\u0131rda ya\u015fayan kabileleri geride b\u0131rakarak, bozk\u0131r\u0131 ge\u00e7tikleri ve Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndaki ge\u00e7itlerime a\u015f\u0131p Transkafkasya\u2019ya (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcrcistan, Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan topraklar\u0131) gittikleri, bu y\u00f6releri ya\u011fmalad\u0131klar\u0131, M.\u00d6. 6. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ise tersine bir ak\u0131n ba\u015flatarak eski topraklar\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri bilinmektedir. Bu y\u00f6rede s\u00fcrekli \u0130skit yerle\u015fimi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6lgede bulunan kal\u0131nt\u0131larda \u0130skit yap\u0131t\u0131 pek azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan Antik Yunan kolonileri (Phanugoria kenti) yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 bin 500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Sindlerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015fgali ile Taman yar\u0131madas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Kuban b\u00f6lgesinde ve Azak Denizi\u2019nin do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Meotlarla \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Yunan kolonilerinin i\u00e7erisinde en geli\u015fmi\u015f olan\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Phanugoria site devletiydi. Bu kentin yerle\u015fim yeri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Seneggo kasabas\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer Grek kolonileri, Cepi ve Hermonacca\u2019dir. Bu kolonilerin geli\u015fimleri, k\u0131rsal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 birle\u015fmi\u015f, ayr\u0131 birer ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde ve M.\u00d6. 6. ve 4. y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki Grek uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sosyo-politik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen \u201cpolis\u201dler seklinde olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ker\u00e7 ve Taman yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki bu site devletlerin tarihsel geli\u015fimi, giderek Panticapeum\u2019un ba\u015fkent oldu\u011fu Bosphor \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile birle\u015fme sonucunu getirmi\u015ftir. Bu imparatorluk k\u00f6leci bir devletti; h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 devaml\u0131 do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneye inme a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir politika izlemi\u015flerdir. Bu politikan\u0131n sonucu olarak A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kuban b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Meotlarin Sind koluna ait topraklar i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra di\u011fer Meot boylar\u0131 da bu krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisine girmi\u015ftir. Zamanla b\u00fct\u00fcn bu kabileler imparatorluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde birbirlerine ba\u011fland\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak da belirli bir yere kadar kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6\u00e7ler, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin Strabon\u2019a g\u00f6re bir Sarmat kabilesi olan Sirakisler, M.\u00d6. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kuban b\u00f6lgesine gizlice s\u0131zarak Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyine kadar inmi\u015flerdir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7ebe kabilelerden olu\u015fan Sarmatlar\u0131n ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi, \u00fcst\u00fcn tar\u0131m ya\u015fam\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemleri bilen Meotlar\u0131n etkisiyle de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Strabo Sirakisleri tan\u0131mlarken, \u201ckimi gruplar\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131rda ya\u015fay\u0131p topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini\u201d anlatmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fim, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da yerle\u015fik tar\u0131m n\u00fcfusunun artmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Sarmat s\u0131zmalar\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u201cSarmatla\u015fma\u201d olay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yasamda bir de\u011fi\u015fme olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sarmat \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131n Meot k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, dil ve geleneksel, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek geni\u015flemi\u015f, yeni gelenleri kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7inde asimile etmi\u015ftir. Say\u0131ca daha az olan Meot k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc M.S. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda Alan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan (Kuban nehrinin sa\u011f yakas\u0131ndan) s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Yeni gelen Alanlar da asl\u0131nda Sarmat k\u00f6kenliydi. Sarmat kabilelerinin bir kolu olan Alanlar\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ran dili konu\u015fmalar\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ran dili konu\u015fan Sarmat kabilelerinden, yani Alanlardan s\u00f6z eden kaynaklara M.S. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait belgeler aras\u0131nda rastlamaktay\u0131z. Alanlar do\u011fu Kuban b\u00f6lgesine 1. ve 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l aras\u0131nda gelmi\u015flerdir. Di\u011fer kabilelerle yakin ba\u011flar kuran alanlar, Daryal Ge\u00e7idi ve Hazar Kap\u0131s\u0131 yolu ile Transkafkasya ve Asya\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n M.S. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Alanlarla Sarmat boylar\u0131 birle\u015ferek Alan-Sarmat kabile birli\u011fini olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Alan bask\u0131s\u0131na dayanamayan yerli kabileler Kuban\u2019in sol yakas\u0131na ge\u00e7ip akraba olduklar\u0131 di\u011fer Meot kabilelerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece daha az verimli olan topraklara salt g\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bu kabileler Kuban\u2019in sol yakas\u0131ndaki orman-bozk\u0131r alanlar\u0131na, Kuban \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015fk\u0131n batakl\u0131klar ile kapl\u0131 ova ve a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Alan-Sarmat kabile birli\u011fi uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015famad\u0131, M.S. 375\u2032de Asya\u2019dan Bat\u0131\u2019ya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7en Hun dalgalar\u0131, Kuban bozk\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak Taman\u2019a do\u011fru ilerlerken, arkalar\u0131nda harabe, yang\u0131n, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcm b\u0131rakarak Alan-Sarmat kabile birli\u011finin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Ya\u011fmalan\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lan, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz b\u0131rak\u0131lan Kuban\u2019in sa\u011f yakas\u0131 bundan b\u00f6yle g\u00f6\u00e7ebe boylar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fim yeri olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meotlar ve akrabalar\u0131 olan Zikhiler etnik anlamda peki\u015fmelerini tamamlayarak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7erkes toplumunun atalar\u0131 olarak tarih sahnesinde g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Özdemir Özbay Marje.Net, 21 Eylül 2002 İnsan ırkının 300 bin yıl önce ortaya çıktığı ülke, hemen tüm dünya dillerinde yer alan, ulaşılmaz, afsunlu, gizemli, atlas renkli, düşler, mutluluklar ve büyük acıların yaşandığı ülke; Çerkes boylarının kutsal ata yurdu; doğudan batıya, kuzeyden güneye, binlerce yıldır toplumların, uygarlıkların geçtiği tarih kavimler kapısı… Kafkasya, değişik etnik kökenli toplumların 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\n<\/span> Marje.Net, 21 Eyl\u00fcl 2002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\nBug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n otokton halk\u0131 olan \u00c7erkes boylar\u0131, kimilerinin savundu\u011fu gibi Sami \u0131rk\u0131ndan olmay\u0131p, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019dan kuzeye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmemi\u015ftir. Tarihin hi\u00e7bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131cak denizlerden, s\u0131cak iklimlerden kuzeye, daha so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelere hi\u00e7 bir g\u00f6\u00e7e rastlanmaz. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, \u0130slam dininin etkisi ile Kavm-i Necip olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan Arap halk\u0131 ile ya da Sami \u0131rk\u0131 ile Kuzey Kafkasya boylar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 bir ilgisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n