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Nejat \u00d6zsoy<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7erkesler \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131n bir sonucu olan sava\u015flarda yenilgiye u\u011frayarak, 1864\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda anavatanlar\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019dan zorla kopar\u0131l\u0131p Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildiler. S\u00f6z konusu y\u0131llar ve 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131 Rus Harbi sonucunda D\u00fczce\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 13 bin 500 \u00c7erkes (**) ve 6 bin Abaza iskan edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6neminde (1876-1908) n\u00fcfusu 36 bin civar\u0131 olan D\u00fczce\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfus hareketinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Vital Cuinet adl\u0131 Frans\u0131z\u2019\u0131n 1891-1894\u00b4de Paris’te d\u00f6rt cilt olarak yay\u0131mlanan \u201cLa Turquie d\u00b4Asie\u201d adl\u0131 eserinin Bursa ve Kastamonu\u2019yu anlatan cildinde D\u00fczce\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 133 k\u00f6y g\u00f6z\u00fckmekte ve genel n\u00fcfus 34 bin 691 olarak verilmektedir. 1884-1885\u2019de Do\u011fu Cephesi’ndeki sava\u015flar\u0131 anlatan \u201cBa\u015f\u0131m\u0131za Gelenler\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Mehmet Arif Bey, 1885-1886 senelerinde adliye m\u00fcfetti\u015fi olarak tefti\u015f etti\u011fi D\u00fczce\u2019den kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bahseder, \u201cBu kazada, hemen \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli Kafkas kabilelerinden olmak \u00fczer 35 bin kadar n\u00fcfus var.\u201d<\/p>\n D\u00fczce \u00c7erkesleri ile ilgili bug\u00fcne kadar yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ciddi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma elimizde bulunmamaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z\u00fcn u\u00e7up gitti\u011fi yaz\u0131n\u0131n ise hep bir bilgi olarak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011finin fark\u0131na varmak i\u00e7in elbette bu kadar beklememek laz\u0131md\u0131. Tarih\u00e7i Will Durant tarihin de\u011feri ile ilgili olarak; \u201ctarih her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bir miras\u0131n i\u015flenmi\u015f \u015feklidir. Geli\u015fmi\u015flik ise bu miras\u0131 muhafaza etme, geli\u015ftirme, istifade etme ve sonra daha zengin bir \u015fekilde gelecek nesle b\u0131rakmad\u0131r\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesini yapar. Bizimde amac\u0131m\u0131z, bug\u00fcne kadar hep merak edilen ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir cevab\u0131 bulunamayan, \u00c7erkeslerin D\u00fczce\u2019ye iskan\u0131 ve kurduklar\u0131 k\u00f6yler hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparak, edindi\u011fimiz bilgileri bir b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirip basit bir anlat\u0131mla bilgilerinize sunmakt\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemelerimiz pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan yeterli olmayabilir ki buda do\u011fald\u0131r. Konuyu daha etrafl\u0131 i\u015flememizi sa\u011flayacak iskan y\u0131llar\u0131na ait bilgi ve belge eksikli\u011fi had safhadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1864 \u00c7erkes s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ile anavatanlar\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019dan kopar\u0131larak Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclen ve b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Rumeli\u2019de iskan edilen ancak 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus harbinin sonucunda H\u0131ristiyan Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerle Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7erkesleri Rumeli\u2019den \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 devletine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131lar neticesi ikinci bir g\u00f6\u00e7le Rumeli\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak Ortado\u011fu ve Anadolu\u2019ya serpi\u015ftirilen \u00c7erkeslerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 insanl\u0131k dram\u0131n\u0131 anlatan yada bu konuya de\u011finen mevcut kitap ve kaynaklar\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde D\u00fczce\u2019deki iskan ile ilgili ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 bilgi bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen ar\u015fivleri aras\u0131nda yer alan Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinin \u00c7erkeslerin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve iskan\u0131 ile ilgili y\u00fczlerce belge bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebiliyoruz. Son d\u00f6nemlerde Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivlerindeki dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n tasnifi neticesi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan belgeler bunu desteklemektedir. Temennimiz bu belgeleri bilgimize sunacak bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 ve \u00f6zelde D\u00fczce\u2019deki iskanla ilgili bilgilere ula\u015fabilmektir.<\/p>\n D\u00fczce\u2019de iskan edilen \u00c7erkes ve Abaza n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7in yukar\u0131da verdi\u011fimiz yakla\u015f\u0131k rakamlara, 1898 Kastamonu Vilayeti Salnamesi’nin k\u00f6y n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 ve hane say\u0131lar\u0131 ile ilgili verilerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi\u011fimizde (\u00d6zellikle iskan s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve iskandan sonra baz\u0131 \u00c7erkes ailelerin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ailelerine kavu\u015fmak iste\u011fi, hastal\u0131klar, ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 v.b. nedenlerle yerle\u015ftikleri yerleri k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde terk etmelerini de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak) ula\u015fabilmekteyiz. \u0130skan y\u0131llar\u0131nda D\u00fczce ovas\u0131nda kurulan \u00c7erkes k\u00f6ylerini derlemek i\u00e7in, daha \u00f6nce bu konuda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 dikkate alarak bir saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile k\u00f6ylerin ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 ve bu konuda bilgi sahibi gen\u00e7leriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bilgileri bir tablo haline getirdik. \u00c7erkeslerin Kafkasya\u2019dan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ile ilgili kaynak kitap ve dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131 tarayarak D\u00fczce \u00f6zelindeki bilgilere ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Yetersizlikler ve eksiklikler i\u00e7in anlay\u0131\u015f bekliyor ve yap\u0131labilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc katk\u0131y\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011fumuzu ifade etmek istiyoruz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z in\u015fallah bu konudaki bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduracak daha g\u00fczel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara \u00f6nc\u00fc olur.<\/p>\n Elimizdeki kaynaklar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla o y\u0131llarla ilgili bir durum tespiti yapacak olursak 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan yeni vilayetlerin te\u015fkili nizamnamesi ile D\u00fczce\u2019de Kastamonu Vilayeti’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131k Devri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde D\u00fczce, Bolu Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n G\u00f6yn\u00fck kazas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir nahiye idi daha sonra 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fczce G\u00f6yn\u00fck’ten ayr\u0131larak m\u00fcstakil kaza oldu.<\/p>\n Kafkasya\u2019dan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar halinde g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin gelmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n Kuban nehrinin g\u00fcneyindeki ovada ve da\u011flara uzanan toprak \u015feridinde oturan Nogay ve \u00c7erkes kabileleri s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irmeleri ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1858 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ile 1859\u2019un aral\u0131k ay\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7men gelmi\u015ftir. 1858\u2019den \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda da g\u00f6\u00e7ler oldu\u011funa dair Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k ar\u015fivlerinde belgelerin mevcut oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n D\u00fczce ovas\u0131ndaki ilk iskanlarla ilgili edindi\u011fimiz bilgilerse \u015fu \u015fekildedir. D\u00fczce \u015fehir merkezinin bat\u0131s\u0131nda 7 km uzakl\u0131kta bulunan \u0130stilli K\u00f6y\u00fc (Yedigey, Kanoko Habl) sakinlerinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Adigey Cumhuriyeti’nin ba\u015fkenti Maykop\u2019un yakla\u015f\u0131k 160 km kuzeydo\u011fusundaki Armavir \u015fehrine 25 km mesafede ve Kuban nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Konokovo yerle\u015fim biriminde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, 1854\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llardaki Rus i\u015fgali nedeniyle verdikleri kay\u0131plar ve uygulanan bask\u0131 politikalar\u0131 neticesinde k\u00f6yleri Kanoko Habl\u2019de bar\u0131namaz hale geldikleri ve sonu\u00e7ta bir k\u0131sm\u0131 civar k\u00f6ylere giderken bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da zorunlu olarak Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri, k\u00f6y ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131ndan dinlenerek kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve bug\u00fcne ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kafkasya\u2019daki k\u00f6yleri bug\u00fcn tamamen Kazak n\u00fcfusun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerle\u015fim birimidir. \u00c7erkeslerin Besleney kabilesine mensup olan k\u00f6yl\u00fcler P\u015f\u0131 Kanoko Adilgeri (Rus belgelerine g\u00f6re Kinyaz Kanoko Adilgeri) \u00f6nderli\u011finde D\u00fczce\u2019ye gelerek, Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131nca verilen tapu senediyle bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130stilli k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc kurdular. Ayn\u0131 kafilede yer alan P\u015f\u0131 Anjoko R\u0131za Bey\u2019de mahiyetiyle Develi k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc (Anjokuey, Besni habl) kurdu. D\u00fczce \u015fehir merkezinin do\u011fusunda 10 km uzakl\u0131kta bulunan Muncurlu k\u00f6y\u00fcde (Azobekey, Hatx\u0131 habl) b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle 1859\u2019lu y\u0131llarda, Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinden Rus i\u015fgali nedeniyle zorunlu olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Besleney kabilesine mensup \u00c7erkesler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. D\u00fczce \u015fehir merkezinin g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda 18 km uzakl\u0131kta bulunan Sar\u0131dere K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn (A\u015febey, Kabardey habl) kurulu\u015fu da Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinden zorunlu olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Kabardey kabilesine mensup \u00c7erkesler taraf\u0131ndan 1860\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 21 May\u0131s 1864 tarihinde iki as\u0131r devam eden Rus-Kafkas sava\u015flar\u0131 \u00c7erkeslerin ma\u011flubiyeti ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131nca, insanl\u0131k tarihi 1863\u2019\u00fcn sonbahar\u0131 ile 1864 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00c7erkes halk\u0131n\u0131n %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n anavatanlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclmelerine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti. Bu y\u0131llarda yurtlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen \u00c7erkesler deniz yoluyla, Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n, Taman, Tuapse, Anapa, So\u00e7i, Sohum, Batum limanlardan gemilere bindirilip Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Trabzon, Samsun, Sinop, \u0130stanbul, Varna, Burgaz ve K\u00f6stence limanlar\u0131nda indirildi. O y\u0131llarda Karadeniz sahillerine indirilen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn D\u00fczce\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 bir il\u00e7e olan Ak\u00e7akoca\u2019n\u0131n sahillerinde toplanarak, buradan i\u00e7 kesimlerdeki en yak\u0131n ve en uygun yerle\u015fim yeri olan D\u00fczce\u2019de iskan edildiklerine dair bilgiler vard\u0131r. D\u00fczce merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 Sarayyeri k\u00f6y\u00fcne pek \u00e7ok ailenin Ak\u00e7akoca yolu ile geldi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re aileleri ta\u015f\u0131yan gemi limana yana\u015f\u0131nca seyir i\u00e7in Ak\u00e7akoca liman\u0131na yerel halktan gelenler olmu\u015f. Bu merakl\u0131 kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6ren Hakuyko ad\u0131ndaki bir \u00c7erkes her ne his ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce i\u00e7inde ise gemiden atlay\u0131p sahile \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve \u201cbiz seyirlik miyiz\u201d diyerek herkesi kovalam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda Trabzon, Samsun ve Sinop limanlar\u0131na indirilen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7 kesimlere g\u00f6nderilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. 1862 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u201cMuhacirin Komisyonu\u201d g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin iskan edilecekleri y\u00f6relere \u201c\u0130skan-\u0131 Muhacirin Memuru\u201d g\u00f6nderiyordu. 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu memurlar Kastamonu Vilayeti, \u0130zmit ve Bolu Sancaklar\u0131’na da g\u00f6nderildi. \u0130skan memurlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi, bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerdeki bo\u015f ve devlete ait uygun arazileri tespit ederek g\u00f6\u00e7menlere da\u011f\u0131tmakt\u0131. O y\u0131llarda D\u00fczce\u2019nin Kastamonu Vilayeti Bolu Sanca\u011f\u0131’na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kaza olmas\u0131, \u0130zmit Sanca\u011f\u0131’na olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve iskanla g\u00f6revlendirilen memurlar\u0131n bu merkezlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sebebi ile hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r miktarda g\u00f6\u00e7mene ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1869 y\u0131l\u0131na ait Kastamonu Vilayeti Salnamesi’nde D\u00fczce i\u00e7in; \u201cKasaba-\u0131 mezk\u00fcre, Ak\u00e7a\u015fehir\u2019in m\u00fcd\u00fcriyet merkezi olup, Vilayetin cihet-i garbisinde, 69 saat mesafede d\u00fcz bir ovada vaki bir muntazam kasaba olarak, oralarda k\u00fclliyetli muhacirin-i \u00c7erakese iskan olunmak hesab\u0131yla Kasaba-\u0131 mezk\u00fcre g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne imar olunmakta ve kesb-i cesamet eylemektedir\u201d denmektedir. Buradan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere 1864 \u00c7erkes s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcnden sonra Anavatanlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00c7erkeslerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de bu y\u0131llarda D\u00fczce ovas\u0131nda iskan edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 devlet y\u00f6netiminin belirledi\u011fi iskan b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015ftirilen \u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7menlere tapular\u0131 da verilmi\u015f ancak ba\u015fka yerlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeleri hatta Kafkasya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nmeleri yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcnba\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcnde iskan olunan, \u00c7erkes muhacirlerinden Habis bin Koca\u015f\u2019a verilen tapu senedi ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n ekinde bilgilerinize sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n (OSMANLICA) solda: Arz-\u0131 m\u00eer\u00ee “Sebeb-i tasd\u00eer-i tewq\u00ee\u2019-i humayun oldur ki”<\/p>\n Bolu Sanca\u011f\u0131nda D\u00fczce Kazas\u0131na tabi Bakras? Karyesinde a\u00e7\u0131k tarla dimekle, taraflar\u0131 Rehuseg\u00fcn? ve \u0130shak ve \u0130mam Halil tarlalar\u0131 ile mahdud tahminen \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fcm mikdar\u0131 bila sahib yoz ve hali mahalli m\u00fcceddeden a\u00e7ub ziraat itmek \u00fczere muhacir\u00eenden Habis bin Kocas ruhsat istid\u2019as\u0131nda oldu\u011funa ve bu makule yoz ve hali mahallerin taliblerine ihale ve tefw\u00eezi i\u2019mar-\u0131 beldeden kesir ziraati mucib olaca\u011f\u0131na binaen mahall-i mezk\u00fbr ba\u2019dez\u00een merk\u00fbm taraf\u0131ndan zapt ve idare olunmak \u00fczere nizam\u0131 vechile bir k\u0131t\u2019a sened i\u2019tas\u0131 mahallinden ba mazbata inha ve iltimas k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Defterhane-i Hakani\u2019de mahalline kayd ve imla olunmu\u015f olmas\u0131yla ber-muceb-i nizam mahall-i mezkur\u0131 i\u2019mar itmek ve sene be sene a\u2019\u015far-\u0131 \u015fer\u2019iyyesini me\u2019mur\u0131 taraf\u0131na tediye eylemek \u00fczere merk\u00fbmun tasarrufuna izin virildi\u011fini m\u00fc\u015f\u2019ir i\u015fbu sened yedine i\u2019ta k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. (T\u00dcRK\u00c7E) solda: Kamu arazisi “Padi\u015fah imzas\u0131n\u0131n konmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi odur ki”<\/p>\n Bolu Sanca\u011f\u0131nda D\u00fczce Kazas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Bakras? K\u00f6y\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131k tarla denilen, etraf\u0131 Rehuseg\u00fcn?, \u0130shak ve \u0130mam Halil tarlalar\u0131 ile \u00e7evrili tahminen \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fcm kadar sahipsiz yoz ve bo\u015f yeri yeniden a\u00e7arak ziraat yapmak \u00fczere muhacirlerden Habis bin Kocas ruhsat talebinde oldu\u011funa ve bu gibi yoz ve bo\u015f yerlerin isteklilerine ihale edilip b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, beldenin imar\u0131 yan\u0131nda ziraat faaliyetini canland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en yerin \u015fu andan itibaren an\u0131lan ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan sahiplenilip kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, nizam\u0131na uygun olarak d\u00fczenlenen bir sened verilmesi yerinden bildirilmi\u015f, bunun \u00fczerine Defterhane-i Hakani\u2019de (Tapu Sicili\u2019nde) yerine kay\u0131t konmas\u0131yla, kanun gere\u011fi imar etmek ve her sene \u015fer\u2019i \u00f6\u015f\u00fcrlerini memuruna vermek \u00fczere ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u015fahs\u0131n tasarrufuna izin verildi\u011fini bildiren i\u015fbu sened eline verildi. Tapu Negoer Fethi G\u00fcng\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan transkribe edilerek sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u201cO d\u00f6nemde muhacirler i\u00e7in k\u00f6yler in\u015fa olurken, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitilebilmeleri i\u00e7in mektep yap\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f ve 1866 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fczce \u00dcsk\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019de bir mektep in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti.\u201d(Saydam,1997: 176) 1869 y\u0131l\u0131nda Batum’da iskan edilen \u00c7erkes Hac\u0131 Bata Bey\u2019in arazisinin verimsizli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden D\u00fczce\u2019nin G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fova denilen mahallinde iskan edilmeyi istedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.(Saydam,1997: 171-172) Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bug\u00fcn Hendek il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Beylice K\u00f6y\u00fc (Hac\u0131batbey) o y\u0131llarda kurulan bir Abaza k\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131 Rus harbi sonunda imzalanan Ayastefanos ve Berlin antla\u015fmalar\u0131na, Rusya taraf\u0131n\u0131n \u0131srar\u0131 ile \u00c7erkeslerin Rumeli\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak Osmanl\u0131 Rus s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan uzak yerlere g\u00f6nderilmeleri maddesi kondu. B\u00f6ylece Rumeli\u2019ye 1859-1876 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yerle\u015ftirilen \u00c7erkesler, bir kez daha yerlerinden edilerek Anadolu i\u00e7lerine ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya zorunlu olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildiler. \u00c7erkesler Anadolu\u2019ya iki yol takip ederek ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. Birinci grup \u0130stanbul \u00fczerinden Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7erken di\u011fer grup Varna, Ahyolu Bergosu, Tekirda\u011f, Dedea\u011fa\u00e7 ve Selanik gibi Rumeli sahilindeki liman ve iskelelerden Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.(\u0130pek, 1999: 172)<\/p>\n Samsun ve Sinop limanlar\u0131nda biriken \u00c7erkesler Ankara ve Kastamonu Vilayetleri ile Bolu ve Canik sancaklar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerdir. \u201cA\u011fustos 1878\u2019den itibaren Samsun ve Sinop iskelelerinin \u00c7erkes muhacirlerle dolmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Ak\u00e7a\u015fehir (Ak\u00e7akoca), Amasra, Bart\u0131n, Ere\u011fli, \u0130nebolu ve \u00dcnye gibi Karadeniz\u2019in di\u011fer iskelelerine de muhacir sevk edilmi\u015ftir. 4 May\u0131s 1878 tarihine kadar Ahyolu Bergosu\u2019ndan Bart\u0131n da iskan edilmesi i\u00e7in vapurlarla ta\u015f\u0131nacak muhacirlerden d\u00f6rder bininin Sinop, \u0130nebolu ve Ak\u00e7a\u015fehir\u2019e (Ak\u00e7akoca) \u00fc\u00e7 bininin de Ere\u011fli\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na karar verildi.\u201d(\u0130pek,1999: 38-39) 1878\u2019de Ak\u00e7akoca da bulunan \u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7menler aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve burada memleket tabibi ve ila\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Kastamonu Vilayeti yetkililerinin merkezden tabip, eczac\u0131 ve ila\u00e7 talebinde bulunduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn Ak\u00e7akoca il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunan Hasan\u00e7avu\u015f k\u00f6y\u00fc sakinleri o y\u0131llarda K\u0131z\u0131lkese mevkiinden karaya \u00e7\u0131karak Z\u0131koji lakapl\u0131 Hasan \u00c7avu\u015fun \u00f6nderli\u011finde k\u00f6ylerini kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7erkeslerin Jane kabilesine mensup olan k\u00f6y sakinlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda D\u00fczce\u2019deki akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. O d\u00f6nem Kafkasya cephesinde de Osmanl\u0131 Rus harbi s\u00fcrerken 17 A\u011fustos 1877\u2019de Osmanl\u0131lar Sohum\u2019da Abazalar\u0131 da gemilere dolarak gitmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Rus ordular\u0131 Sohum’a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bu bindirme i\u015flemine hi\u00e7bir engellemede bulunmad\u0131lar. Aksine durumdan memnundular\u2026 Sava\u015f\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in yenilgiyle neticelenmesinden sonra vatanlar\u0131nda kalan Abazalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funa Osmanl\u0131 ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle bask\u0131, y\u0131ld\u0131rma ve i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme politikas\u0131 uyguland\u0131. (Berzeg,1996: 162-163) Neticede Abazalar\u0131n %70\u2019i 1878 ve izleyen y\u0131llarda vatanlar\u0131ndan edildi. \u0130stanbul\u2019a gemilerle gelen Abaza g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de Adapazar\u0131 ve D\u00fczce kazalar\u0131nda iskan edilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131 Rus Harbi sonras\u0131 D\u00fczce de iskan edilen Abazalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun gemilerle sevk edildikleri \u0130stanbul\u2019dan karayolu ile yada vapurlarla ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 \u0130zmit Sanca\u011f\u0131ndan Adapazar\u0131 \u00fczeri ile ve Sohum liman\u0131ndan bindirildikleri gemilerin yana\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 kasabalar\u0131 yada limanlardan (Sinop, Ere\u011fli, Ak\u00e7akoca, Kefken) D\u00fczce\u2019ye geldikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n O y\u0131llarda arazi tahsisi ile ilgili talimatlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in tahsis edilecek arazilerin verimli ve d\u00fczayak yerlerde olmas\u0131 istenmekteydi. 1864 y\u0131llar\u0131nda D\u00fczce\u2019deki iskanda bu nitelikteki araziler \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde dolmu\u015ftu. \u201c1864 de ve 1867 y\u0131llar\u0131nda gelen Abaza g\u00f6\u00e7menleri (daha \u00f6nce yer kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015f olan ) \u0130zmit Sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 D\u00fczce Adapazar\u0131 kazalar\u0131 ile merkez kazas\u0131nda iskan edilmi\u015flerdi. (Muh. D. 758\/38-1 de no:185, Ayn.Def. 1136 da 17 B 1284 ve 1441 de 2 Ra 1286 tar. tez. Buralarda arazi kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Muh. D. 761\/38-4 de 10 S 1281 ve 21 Ca 1281 tarihli yaz\u0131da belirtilmi\u015fti.)\u201d (Habi\u00e7o\u011flu,1993: 155)<\/p>\n Abaza g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin daha ziyade ova d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil de y\u00fcksek ve ormanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 tercih etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 kendilerine bu nitelikte arazi tahsis etmeyi o y\u0131llarda kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olabilir. 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131 Rus harbi sonras\u0131 ya\u015fanan ikinci g\u00f6\u00e7te daha \u00f6nce doldu\u011fu ifade edilen yerlerin (O y\u0131llarda genellikle batakl\u0131k ve ormanl\u0131k olan Adapazar\u0131, D\u00fczce, Manyas ovalar\u0131) iskana tekrar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan yerle\u015fimlerden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 ile birlikte batakl\u0131k ve elveri\u015fsiz sahalar\u0131nda iskana a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile bu sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z alanlar \u00fczerinde kurulan yerle\u015fim birimlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede hastal\u0131klardan k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve neticesinde aileler \u00e7evre k\u00f6ylere ve \u015fehir merkezine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.1864-1876 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda D\u00fczce de iskan edilen \u00c7erkeslerin \u00f6zellikle \u015fehrin merkezine g\u00f6re g\u00fcneyde kalan d\u00fcz arazilerle, ova d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile g\u00fcneydeki y\u00fckseltilerin birle\u015fti\u011fi alanlara daha yo\u011fun olarak yerle\u015ftikleri ve \u015fehrin kuzeyinde nispeten ovaya g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fcz arazilere de yo\u011fun olmamakla birlikte yerle\u015ftikleri bilinmektedir. 1877-1878 y\u0131llar\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda iskan edilen \u00c7erkesler de \u00f6zellikle \u015fehir merkezine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n alanlarda ve \u015fehri bir daire \u015feklinde geni\u015fleyerek ku\u015fatacak \u015fekilde kuzey,g\u00fcney ve do\u011fu istikametlerinde yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n D\u00fczce\u2019de genel olarak tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131 Rus harbi sonras\u0131 Abazalar ovadaki d\u00fcz arazilerden ziyade \u015fehir merkezine g\u00f6re g\u00fcneydo\u011fu,g\u00fcneybat\u0131 ve bat\u0131 istikametlerinde ova ile y\u00fckseltilerin birle\u015fti\u011fi alanlarla, y\u00fcksek ve ormanl\u0131k kesimlerde iskan edilmi\u015flerdir. D\u00fczce \u015fehir merkezindeki \u00c7erkes yerle\u015fimi ise \u00f6zellikle Cedidiye mahallesinde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n O y\u0131llarda \u00c7erkeslerin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda iskan\u0131nda g\u00fcd\u00fclen ama\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda; Ziraatla u\u011fra\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve batakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerin iyile\u015ftirilmesi, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerdeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve devlet otoritesinin zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerde Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n kalbi \u0130stanbul\u2019u korumaya alacak tampon b\u00f6lgeler olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 sayabiliriz.<\/p>\n D\u00fczce \u00f6zelinde bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131n ne denli \u00f6n planda tutuldu\u011funu anlayabilmek i\u00e7in elimizde vesika olmamakla birlikte sadece tahminde bulunulabilir. D\u00fczce\u2019ye en yak\u0131n yerle\u015fim birimlerinden biri olan \u201cAdapazar\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderilen \u00c7erkesler 40 bine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fehirdeki H\u0131ristiyanlar \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz el\u00e7ili\u011fine temsilciler g\u00f6ndererek durumlar\u0131ndan yak\u0131nd\u0131lar. El\u00e7i Layard Osmanl\u0131 D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na 20 g\u00fcn arayla iki kez resmi yaz\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek Adapazar\u0131\u2019na \u00c7erkeslerin yerle\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6nlenmesini istedi. 1871\u2019den sonra D\u00fczce\u2019nin arz etti\u011fi ticari \u00f6nem dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Rum ve Ermeni gibi az\u0131nl\u0131klarda D\u00fczce\u2019ye yerle\u015fmi\u015fler ve hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r n\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00c7anakkale, Biga, Band\u0131rma, Bal\u0131kesir, Bursa, \u0130zmit, Adapazar\u0131, D\u00fczce y\u00f6relerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019u yar\u0131m ay \u015feklinde bir koruma \u00e7emberine alacak \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilip \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kan yollar\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131narak denetimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 iste\u011fini dillendirmek san\u0131r\u0131z kahinlik olmaz. Her ne kadar g\u00f6\u00e7menlerle ilgili bu tip siyasete dayal\u0131 hesaplar\u0131n o d\u00f6nemlerde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7menlere kucak a\u00e7arak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu uygun yerle\u015fim imkan\u0131 ve sosyal, ekonomik yard\u0131mlarla ilgili pek \u00e7ok vesikada mevcuttur.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin yerle\u015ftirildikleri araziler o d\u00f6nem \u015fartlar\u0131nda fazla verimli de\u011fildi. Ancak tar\u0131mda kat edilen teknolojik geli\u015fmeler zamanla bu arazilerin de\u011ferlenmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en de\u011ferli tar\u0131msal topraklar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen ancak o y\u0131llarda d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde batak ve y\u00fckseltileri orman olan Adapazar\u0131, D\u00fczce gibi ovalara yerle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7menler sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden sivrisinek ve di\u011fer ha\u015fere t\u00fcrleri ile ve bunlar\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele ettiler. D\u00fczce\u2019deki \u00c7erkeslerin bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok de\u011ferli olan bu arazilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ne pahas\u0131na ve ne ama\u00e7lar u\u011fruna elden \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131klar\u0131 bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda incelemeye de\u011fer sosyal bir olgudur.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde o y\u0131llarda \u015fehir merkezine yak\u0131n kurulan \u00c7erkes k\u00f6yleri zamanla \u015fehir ile birle\u015ferek mahalle olmu\u015f yada m\u00fccavir alan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Kiremitoca\u011f\u0131, Uzunmustafa 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Aziziziye 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Karahac\u0131musa da 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda belediye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131narak mahalle oldu. 1963 y\u0131l\u0131 imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re Esen ve 1985 y\u0131l\u0131 imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re de Bostanyeri, Beslanbey, Sarayyeri, \u00c7amk\u00f6y m\u00fccavir alan kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. D\u00fczce ovas\u0131nda \u00c7erkeslerin yerle\u015fti\u011fi alanlar\u0131n yerel olarak ifade edili\u015fi \u015f\u00f6yledir; D\u00fczce \u015fehir merkezinin g\u00fcneyinde kalan ve ova d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden g\u00fcneydeki da\u011f y\u00fckseltilerinin yamac\u0131na kadar uzayan alandaki \u00c7erkes k\u00f6ylerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131ma \u201cMez\u00e7\u2019a\u011f\u201d. Mez\u00e7\u2019a\u011f\u0131n kuzeyinde kalan ve \u015fehir merkezinin do\u011fu,bat\u0131 ve kuzeyindeki ova d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bulunan k\u00f6ylerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu k\u0131sma \u201cKucur\u201d. \u015eehir merkezine de \u201c\u015eahar\u201d denilir.<\/p>\n D\u00fczce ovas\u0131nda \u00c7erkes ve Abazalar taraf\u0131ndan kurulan k\u00f6yleri elimizdeki mevcut bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,1898 Kastamonu Vilayeti Salnamesini esas alarak derledik. K\u00f6yler tablosunda belirtilen hane say\u0131lar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu k\u00f6ylerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00c7erkes k\u00f6y\u00fc olma h\u00fcviyetini kaybetmi\u015ftir. \u0130skan y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki kurulan ve 1898 Kastamonu Vilayeti Salnamesinde kayd\u0131 olan Hatiphac\u0131ibrahim k\u00f6y\u00fc (A\u00e7uen habl) hastal\u0131klar ve harbe gidenlerin geri d\u00f6nmemesi neticesi 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda 6-7 haneye d\u00fc\u015ferek Ayd\u0131np\u0131nar k\u00f6y\u00fcne (\u015eaguc habl) kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fczce ovas\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde \u00c7erkes hanelerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7meden da\u011f\u0131lan yerle\u015fim \u00fcnitelerinin oldu\u011fuda bilinmektedir. Bunlardan en bilineni bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7ocuk Esirgeme Kurumunun arkas\u0131nda Karaca deresi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yerle\u015fimi olan \u015eeve\u015f’u hable idi.<\/p>\n 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenleme ile D\u00fczce il stat\u00fcs\u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u00d6ncesinde Bolu iline ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Ak\u00e7akoca, Cumayeri, \u00c7ilimli, G\u00f6lyaka, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fova, Y\u0131\u011f\u0131lca il\u00e7eleri ve yasal d\u00fczenleme ile il\u00e7e yap\u0131lan Kayna\u015fl\u0131 il\u00e7esi D\u00fczce\u2019ye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn D\u00fczce \u0130line ba\u011fl\u0131, merkez il\u00e7e ile birlikte 8 il\u00e7e, 11 belediye (3 tanesi merkez il\u00e7eye ba\u011fl\u0131 belde belediyesi.) ve 302 k\u00f6y vard\u0131r. D\u00fczce ovas\u0131 Kuzey Anadolu fay ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndaki yer hareketlerinin etkisiyle olu\u015fmu\u015f gen\u00e7 bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc havzas\u0131d\u0131r. Kabaca kare bi\u00e7imli olup do\u011fu-bat\u0131 boyutu 23 km, kuzey-g\u00fcney boyutu ise 20 km kadard\u0131r.D\u00fczce ovas\u0131 ve etraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eviren y\u00fckseltilerde 220 k\u00f6y bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u00f6ylerin 117 tanesi Merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6ylerdir. 1864 S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ve zorunlu olarak yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7lerden sonra \u00c7erkesler yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar, di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerle ileti\u015fimin az oldu\u011fu d\u0131\u015fa kapal\u0131 k\u00f6y ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131nda geleneklerini, kimliklerini koruyabildiler. K\u00f6yden k\u00f6ye m\u0131z\u0131ka sesleri yank\u0131land\u0131, k\u0131zl\u0131 erkekli kafileler halinde k\u00f6yden k\u00f6ye d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlere gittiler. Fakat 2. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de h\u0131zl\u0131 bir sosyal ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fim ve n\u00fcfus hareketinin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte \u00c7erkes k\u00f6yleri de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fcler ve kentlere y\u00f6neldiler, k\u00f6yden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca toprak \u00f6nemsiz hale geldi, kentle\u015fmenin artmas\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak h\u0131zl\u0131 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlik de\u011fi\u015fimi ya\u015fand\u0131. Kentlerde ge\u00e7mi\u015fini bilmeyen, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne yabanc\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ku\u015faklar yeti\u015fti ve bu g\u00fcne gelindi. \u00c7erkeslerin tarihte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, g\u00f6\u00e7 gibi toplumsal ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkileyen olumsuzluklara g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs gererek zorlu ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131na al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan yegane unsur, birbirlerine destek olmalar\u0131, ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015farak g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fi yapmalar\u0131 ve onlara her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fczel vas\u0131flar\u0131 kazand\u0131ran k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu unsurlar\u0131n ne denli korunabildi\u011fi bizce g\u00f6zlenmeye muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Nejat Özsoy Çerkesler Çarlık Rusya’sının uyguladığı yayılmacı politikaların bir sonucu olan savaşlarda yenilgiye uğrayarak, 1864’lü yıllar öncesi ve sonrasında anavatanları Kafkasya’dan zorla koparılıp Osmanlı topraklarına sürgün edildiler. Söz konusu yıllar ve 1877-1878 Osmanlı Rus Harbi sonucunda Düzce’de yaklaşık olarak 13 bin 500 Çerkes (**) ve 6 bin Abaza iskan edilmiştir. İkinci Abdülhamit döneminde (1876-1908) nüfusu 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\n(1864-1908) Kastamonu Vilayeti, Bolu Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi g\u00f6sterir harita (1967 Bolu \u0130l Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image2\/057-duzceiskaniB2.gif\")
<\/strong>
\nTapu Senedinin Orijinali<\/p>\n
\n(Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in tu\u011fras\u0131)<\/p>\n
\nsa\u011fda: Tapu senedi<\/p>\n
\nFi 15 Safer sene 1286<\/p>\n
\n(Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in tu\u011fras\u0131)<\/p>\n
\nsa\u011fda: Tapu senedi<\/p>\n
\nSene 1870<\/p>\n
\nTahmin edilebilece\u011fi \u00fczere 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131 Rus Harbi sonras\u0131 D\u00fczce\u2019de iskan edilen \u00c7erkeslerin D\u00fczce\u2019ye \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmit Sanca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden karayolu ile, Rumeli\u2019nin yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en limanlar\u0131ndan gemilere binerek Ak\u00e7akoca ve Ere\u011fli k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, Samsun ve Sinop gibi Karadeniz limanlar\u0131ndan, Kastamonu Vilayeti Bolu Sanca\u011f\u0131na sevk edilerek ve iskan edildikleri di\u011fer y\u00f6relerden sonradan kendi istekleri ile (D\u00fczce\u2019deki akrabalar\u0131na yak\u0131n olmak, yerle\u015ftikleri yere uyum sa\u011flayamama ve arazi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n uygunsuzlu\u011fu) gelerek iskan edildikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
\n12 Kas\u0131m 1999 \u0130zmit-G\u00f6lc\u00fck ve 17 A\u011fustos 1999 D\u00fczce depremleri sonras\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle \u015fehir merkezinde oturan hanelerden k\u00f6yde yeri olan pek \u00e7ok aile ya mevcut evlerine yada yeni yapt\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 evlere ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar ve b\u00f6ylelikle deprem sonras\u0131nda \u00c7erkes k\u00f6ylerindeki hane say\u0131lar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rnek verecek olursak Bostanyeri (Arap\u00e7iftli\u011fi) k\u00f6y\u00fcne deprem sonras\u0131nda 40\u2019a yak\u0131n \u00c7erkes hane yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nD\u00fczce \u00c7erkeslerin de sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyo-ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fimin incelenmesi, sosyal ve demografik bilgilerin derlenmesi ancak bilimsel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda de\u011fer ifade eder. Bu konuda herhangi bir yetkinli\u011fimiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda bu konuya girmeden sadece b\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada faydalan\u0131labilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz baz\u0131 bilgilere yer vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ya\u015fayan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerin, yitirdi\u011fimiz bir gelece\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemesi temennisiyle…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"