{"id":11197,"date":"2019-03-25T09:55:20","date_gmt":"2019-03-25T14:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11197"},"modified":"2019-03-25T09:55:20","modified_gmt":"2019-03-25T14:55:20","slug":"bask-sorunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/bask-sorunu\/","title":{"rendered":"BASK SORUNU"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mahmut Niyazi Sezgin
\n<\/b><\/span> 2023 Dergisi, 26 Mart 2008<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde Bask b\u00f6lgesi ve sorununun, neredeyse hi\u00e7 bilinmemesi ve bu konudaki kaynak k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerce T\u00fcrk kamuoyunu y\u00f6nlendirmek maksad\u0131yla istismar edilmek-tedir. Temelsiz bir analoji \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Bask sorunu ile K\u00fcrt sorunu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmek isten-mekte, b\u00f6ylelikle baz\u0131 iddialara uluslararas\u0131 bir karakter kazand\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu konuda yap\u0131lan kas\u0131tl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerin ve \u00e7ala kalem yaz\u0131lan yorumlar\u0131n, ciddi bir dezenformasyona yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131, Bask sorunu ger\u00e7e\u011fini T\u00fcrk kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, bu konuda yap\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Basklar ve Bask \u00fclkesi
\n<\/b>
\nTarihin en eski devirlerinden itibaren Basklar\u0131n, \u0130berik Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde, bug\u00fcn \u0130spanya ile Fransa taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lan Biskay K\u00f6rfezi b\u00f6lgesinde yerle\u015fik bulunduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Toponomi ve onamastik verileri de Basklar\u0131n, b\u00f6lgenin otokton halk\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Ne var ki, etnisite ve dil k\u00f6kenlerine ili\u015fkin bug\u00fcne kadar kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bir tez ortaya konamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bask etnisitesinin k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin en s\u0131k seslendirilen iddialar, Etr\u00fcsklerden geldiklerine yahut Hun ve Avar T\u00fcrklerinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olduklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik tezlerdir. Basklar\u0131n \u201cEuskera\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 Bask dilinin ise kesinlikle Hint-Avrupa yahut Latin kaynakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bask halk\u0131n\u0131n etnisite ve dil alan\u0131ndaki \u00f6zg\u00fcn nitelikleri, Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin de en \u00f6nemli dayanak noktalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bask dilinde \u201cEuskadi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Bask b\u00f6lgesi, tarihi olarak, kuzeydo\u011fu \u0130spanya\u2019daki d\u00f6rt (Alava, Guipuzcoa, Vizcaya ve Navarra) ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131 Fransa\u2019daki \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeyi (Labourd, Basse Navarre ve Soule) kapsayan bir alan olmakla birlikte, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bask \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi olarak bilinen b\u00f6lge yaln\u0131zca \u0130spanya\u2019daki ilk \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeyi kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 2,3 milyonu \u0130spanya\u2019da, 750 bini Fransa\u2019da ve 50 bini ABD\u2019de olmak \u00fczere 3 milyonun \u00fczerinde Bask k\u00f6kenli insan ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarihte Basklar ve \u201cFueros\u201d Sistemi
\n<\/b>
\nBasklar\u0131n, b\u00f6lgedeki tarihi, bilinen en eski d\u00f6nemlere kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre gev\u015fek bir Roma h\u00e2kimiyetine giren Basklar, kavimler g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ile birlikte Germen kavimleri ve Vizigotlarla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7ine girmi\u015flerdir. \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Emeviler taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesiyle beraber Vizigot bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulan Basklar, 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Navar Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletlerini kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 13. ve 14. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Kastilya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmesine ra\u011fmen Navar Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1515\u2019te ise, Kastilya ve Aragon krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ferek olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 \u0130spanya ile Fransa taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilerek payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak Fransa ve \u0130spanya krallar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya ve \u0130spanya\u2019da \u201cFueros\u201d ad\u0131 verilen yerel y\u00f6netim sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Basklar, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir ad\u0131m gerisinde bir \u00f6zerklik i\u00e7inde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Toprak, hukuk, yasama ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6zerklik ile g\u00fcmr\u00fck, vergi ve askerlik konular\u0131nda muafiyet esas\u0131na dayanan bir y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Fransa taraf\u0131nda kalan Bask b\u00f6lgesi yerel bir Lord taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130spanya\u2019da kalan k\u0131s\u0131m ise yerel meclisler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir. Bu yerel meclislerin tamam\u0131, y\u0131lda bir defa bir araya gelerek Bask Milli Meclisi\u2019ni olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve \u201cFueros\u201d d\u00fczenlemelerine ili\u015fkin kararlar alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Basklar\u0131n, ileri derecede \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim \u015fekli ile bu y\u00f6netimin siyasi ve hukuki yap\u0131s\u0131, bu tarihi tecr\u00fcbe i\u00e7inde te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funun kurulmas\u0131 ve geni\u015flemesi, Bask toplumu \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiye sahip olmu\u015ftur. Bu imparatorlu\u011fun nimetlerinden yararlanmaya ba\u015flayan Bask denizcileri ve t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bir Bask burjuvazisi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Madrid\u2019le ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 olan bu s\u0131n\u0131f, Bask toplumunda bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin etkileri 1833-40 ve 1873-76 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan iki i\u00e7 sava\u015fta g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Merkezi bir devlet \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bir ulus-devlet in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren milliyet\u00e7ilerle, \u201cFueros\u201d yerel y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde geleneksel mutlak\u0131yeti savunan kralc\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sava\u015flarda Bask burjuvazisi milliyet\u00e7ilerin, halk ise kralc\u0131lar\u0131n saf\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fccadeleyi 1876\u2019da milliyet\u00e7ilerin kazanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Bask b\u00f6lgesi, \u00f6zerkli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015ftir. Fransa s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda kalan Bask b\u00f6lgesinin \u00f6zerkli\u011fi de Frans\u0131z \u0130htil\u00e2li\u2019ni m\u00fcteakip kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihten sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, y\u0131k\u0131lan \u201cFueros\u201d d\u00fczeninin restorasyonu \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bask Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131
\n<\/b>
\n19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimin feshedilmesi ve b\u00f6lgenin h\u0131zla sanayile\u015fmesi gibi siyasi ve sosyo-ekonomik fakt\u00f6rler, Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin y\u00fckseli\u015fine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim ilk milliyet\u00e7i olu\u015fumlar, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketleri olarak kendisini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Buna paralel olarak, Sabino de Arana\u2019n\u0131n, Katalan milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finden esinlenerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcr milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, 1895\u2019te -bug\u00fcn Bask b\u00f6lgesinde h\u00e2len iktidarda olan- Milliyet\u00e7i Bask Partisi\u2019nin (PNV) kurulu\u015funa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bask dili, tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve folkloruna vurgu yapan Arana, yedi Bask b\u00f6lgesinin birle\u015ftirilerek yeniden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yahut ileri derecede \u00f6zerk Bask devletinin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in demokratik m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1898\u2019de \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n, ABD\u2019ye yenilmesi \u00fczerine Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, \u00fclkenin \u00f6nemli siyasi hareketlerinden biri h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Modernist milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin yan\u0131nda, anti-kapitalist bir s\u00f6ylem de geli\u015ftiren PNV, b\u00f6ylece sosyalist i\u015f\u00e7i hareketlerinin de deste\u011fini arkas\u0131na alarak, Bask b\u00f6lgesinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc partisi konumuna y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. 1923\u2019te ba\u015flayan Rivera diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kadar \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir siyaset anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 izleyen PNV, 1930\u2019da bu d\u00f6nemin biti\u015fine kadar ise yeralt\u0131na \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi daha radikal gruplar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130spanya \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Bask Sorunu
\n<\/b>
\n1931\u2019de \u0130spanya\u2019da \u0130kinci Cumhuriyet\u2019in il\u00e2n\u0131yla birlikte, hem PNV hem de Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi yeniden canlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat cumhuriyetin il\u00e2n\u0131yla birlikte Katalanya\u2019ya verilen \u00f6zerklik stat\u00fcs\u00fc, Bask b\u00f6lgesine verilmemi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi bu stat\u00fcn\u00fcn elde edilmesi i\u00e7in siyasi \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1932\u2019de Bask b\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan referandumda, \u00f6zerklik talebi y\u00fczde 82 oran\u0131nda destek bulmu\u015ftur. Olduk\u00e7a \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7en 1932-36 d\u00f6neminin sonunda \u0130spanya Parlamentosu, Bask b\u00f6lgesine \u00f6zerklik veren kanunu kabul etmi\u015ftir. Ancak kazan\u0131lan bu \u00f6zerklik daha hayata ge\u00e7irilemeden 1936-39 i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 patlak vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130spanya\u2019da y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131kan bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 sava\u015fta, Bask b\u00f6lgesindeki eyaletlerden Vizcaya ve Guipuzcoa cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerin, Navar ve Alava ise Frankocular\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin merkezi olan PNV ise, \u00f6zerklik stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn devam\u0131n\u0131 taahh\u00fct eden cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerin saf\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f, Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Franko g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerdeki Bask milliyet\u00e7ileri katliama u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Alman ordusu ve hava kuvvetlerinin deste\u011fiyle Bask b\u00f6lgesine sald\u0131ran Franko kuvvetleri, geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 katliamlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alman sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n bombalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi Guernika \u015fehrinde iki bin kadar sivil hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7ta Haziran 1937\u2019de Bask kuvvetleri teslim olmu\u015ftur. Bundan yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l kadar sonra ise \u0130spanya genelindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn cumhuriyet kuvvetleri Franko\u2019ya teslim olmu\u015f, b\u00f6ylece \u0130kinci Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi sona ererken uzun s\u00fcrecek bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n sonuna kadar y\u00fcz binin \u00fczerinde Bask, ba\u015fta Fransa olmak \u00fczere Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerine m\u00fclteci olarak s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da oradan ABD\u2019ye ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu arada \u00f6zerk Bask y\u00f6netimi de Paris\u2019e ge\u00e7erek burada bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bask Direni\u015finin \u00d6rg\u00fctlenmesi: 1939-1959
\n<\/b>
\n1939\u2019da \u00fclke y\u00f6netimini ele ge\u00e7iren General Fransisko Franko\u2019nun fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u0130spanyol cumhuriyet\u00e7ileri ve solcular\u0131 i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi, farkl\u0131 etnik gruplar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da a\u011f\u0131r bask\u0131larla dolu bir d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur. Bu bask\u0131lardan en fazla pay\u0131 da Basklar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 22 bin Bask milliyet\u00e7isi, Franko\u2019nun idam mangalar\u0131n\u0131n elinde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. \u0130spanyol fa\u015fist partisi \u201cFalanj\u201d taraf\u0131ndan kurulan sava\u015f mahkemelerinde binlercesi mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f ve i\u015fkence g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bask b\u00f6lgesine verilecek bir \u00f6zerkli\u011fi merkezi y\u00f6netim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit olarak alg\u0131layan Franko, bu sebeple Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne dair her \u015feye sava\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bask\u0131lar, kamusal alanda Bask dilinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131na kadar varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tehdit alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli iki sebebi, Bask b\u00f6lgesinin, Katalan b\u00f6lgesiyle birlikte, ekonomik ve s\u0131nai a\u00e7\u0131lardan \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6lgesi olmas\u0131 ile Bask b\u00f6lgesine tan\u0131nacak bir hakk\u0131n, domino etkisiyle \u00fclkenin, Katalanya ve Gali\u00e7ya b\u00f6lgeleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde de talep edilecek olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Franko\u2019nun, \u0130spanya genelinde iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle birlikte milliyet\u00e7i Bask \u00f6nderleri ya idam edilmi\u015f ya hapse at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Franko\u2019nun ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fclke i\u00e7inde herhangi bir Bask direni\u015fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenememi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte, Fransa\u2019ya ka\u00e7an bir k\u0131s\u0131m Milliyet\u00e7i Bask Partisi (EAJ\/PNV) mensubu, burada bir \u201cS\u00fcrg\u00fcnde Bask H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u201d kurarak m\u00fccadele vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki \u0130spanya Cumhuriyet H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni de destekleyen EAJ\/PNV, m\u00fcttefiklerin galibiyetiyle fa\u015fist Franko rejiminin y\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve tekrar kurulacak cumhuriyet rejimiyle de Bask b\u00f6lgesinin tekrar \u00f6zerkli\u011fine kavu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden hareketle Almanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcttefik cephesinde sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat beklenen olmam\u0131\u015f ve Sovyet tehdidine kar\u015f\u0131 Franko\u2019yla ABD\u2019nin anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Bask milliyet\u00e7ilerinin umutlar\u0131 suya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1950\u2019lerden itibaren m\u00fccadelesini, Franko rejimine muhalif Fransa\u2019da bulunan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fcten EAJ\/PNV, yeni Amerika ve Avrupa\u2019da yeni olu\u015fan Bask diasporas\u0131ndan da maddi yard\u0131m g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde daha \u00e7ok Bask k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi \u00fczerinde duran parti, siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan ise nispeten pasif bir m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Franko kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u0130spanyol gruplarla da i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7ine giren parti, Bask ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na demokratik yollardan ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, bunun i\u00e7in de \u00f6ncelikle \u0130spanya\u2019da demokrasinin yeniden tesisini \u015fart saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak partinin strateji ve y\u00f6ntemlerini tasvip etmeyen bir grup, 1952\u2019de partiden ayr\u0131larak \u201cEkin\u201d (Bask\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cba\u015flamak\u201d anlam\u0131nda) adl\u0131 yeni bir olu\u015fuma gitmi\u015flerdir. Ekin, Bask m\u00fccadelesinin Franko rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, \u0130spanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle, partinin \u0130spanyol cumhuriyet\u00e7ileri ve solcular\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ittifaklar\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Ekin i\u00e7inde daha radikal bir grup, ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in sil\u00e2hl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleden ba\u015fka yol olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla Ekin\u2019den ayr\u0131larak ETA \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kurmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mahmut Niyazi Sezgin 2023 Dergisi, 26 Mart 2008 Ülkemizde Bask bölgesi ve sorununun, neredeyse hiç bilinmemesi ve bu konudaki kaynak kıtlığı, bazı çevrelerce Türk kamuoyunu yönlendirmek maksadıyla istismar edilmek-tedir. Temelsiz bir analoji çerçevesinde Bask sorunu ile Kürt sorunu özdeşleştirilmek isten-mekte, böylelikle bazı iddialara uluslararası bir karakter kazandırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu konuda yapılan kasıtlı değerlendirmelerin ve çala 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