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Avni \u00d6zg\u00fcrel Milli M\u00fccadele y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6teki y\u00fcz\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7erkes Ethem, Mustafa Kemal’in Anadolu’da dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn sahibiydi; B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin ‘Milli Kahraman’ unvan\u0131 ile onurland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ki\u015fiydi. Ancak, Ankara’n\u0131n yeni hiyerar\u015fisiyle uyu\u015famay\u0131nca Yunan’a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131 ve hain ilan edildi.<\/p>\n 1920 senesinin Aral\u0131k ay\u0131 Milli M\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecince Ankara’n\u0131n, daha do\u011frusu Mustafa Kemal’in tek g\u00fc\u00e7 haline geli\u015fine ifade eder. Oraya gelene kadar ge\u00e7en bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda \u00e7evrelerinde i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 yerel direni\u015fi ve i\u00e7 muhalefet odaklar\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen; bu sebeple itibar edilen ama kendilerini ‘u\u00e7 beyi’ gibi g\u00f6rmeleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden merkezi otoritenin etkisini zay\u0131flatan \u00e7ete reisleri bir bir saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Tasfiye ve isyan hareketlerinin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda ba\u015fvurulan g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00c7erkes Ethem’di. Sonunda d\u00fczenli birlikler toparlan\u0131p m\u00fccadelenin geleneksel askeri hiyerar\u015fi i\u00e7inde devam etmesine uygun zemin olu\u015funca s\u0131ra onun sahneden \u00e7ekilmesine geldi. 9 Aral\u0131k 1920’de Ethem’le Ankara aras\u0131nda ipler koptu.<\/p>\n Ethem, Demirci Mehmet Efe’ye “(…) Seni, Y\u00f6r\u00fck Ali Efe’yi, beni ve baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 her ne \u015fekilde olursa olsun imhaya karar vermi\u015flerdir. (…) Has\u0131l\u0131 selametimiz birbirimizle s\u0131k\u0131 bir irtibat temin ederek birlikte hareket etmektedir. Kuvvetleriniz aras\u0131na katiyen ordunun verece\u011fi kimseyi almay\u0131n\u0131z…” mealinde bir telgraf \u00e7ekerek ‘bayrak a\u00e7t\u0131…’ \u0130stanbul i\u015fgal edilmemi\u015f olsa Ankara’da BMM’nin toplanmas\u0131 zorla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131; keza \u0130zmir i\u015fgal edilmemi\u015f olsa halk\u0131n ulusal direni\u015fe kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bu denli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve erken ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyebilirdi. Bu bak\u0131mdan meseleye strateji penceresinden bakan bir kurmay subay olarak i\u015fgal Mustafa Kemal’in g\u00f6z\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir zaman ‘kolay defedilebilecek bir vaka’ olman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7memi\u015f ya da daha do\u011fru bir ifadeyle Anadolu’da siyasi birli\u011fin, otoritenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemli olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Nitekim Sakarya Sava\u015f\u0131’na kadar T\u00fcrk ordusu d\u00fc\u015fmanla do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1. ve 2. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ‘sava\u015flar\u0131’ askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 yoklamak amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘ke\u015fif taarruzu’ dur. Zaten zayiat denilebilecek seviyede bir kay\u0131p da yoktur. Ama Milli M\u00fccadele’nin temel meselesi ve derdi \u00fclke i\u00e7inde siyasi\/askeri otoritenin tek elde toplanmas\u0131d\u0131r. 1919 May\u0131s’\u0131nda yani Mustafa Kemal’in Samsun’a ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00fcnlerde Anadolu’nun manzaras\u0131 Ankara Meydan Muharebesi’nde Timur kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid’in yenilmesiyle girilen ‘Beylikler D\u00f6nemi’nden farks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bulunduklar\u0131 mahalli kurtarmay\u0131 hedefleyen ve ‘M\u00fcdafay\u0131 Hukuk’ ad\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f 30’a yak\u0131n dernek vard\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n kendi \u00e7aplar\u0131nda ‘h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7ik’ler olup bir yandan asker di\u011fer yandan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ya da g\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fcz vergi toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Oysa Ankara’ya geldi\u011finde Mustafa Kemal’in \u00e7evresinde ki\u015fisel g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya dahi yetmeyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir muhaf\u0131z k\u0131tas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Erzurum ve ard\u0131ndan Sivas kongrelerinin iki amac\u0131 vard\u0131r: ‘Vatan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak savunmak’ ve ‘M\u00fccadeleyi siyaseten sorumlu heyet eliyle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek…’<\/p>\n \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta ‘zaten herkes vatan m\u00fcdafaas\u0131ndan yana’ ya da ‘\u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m m\u00fccadelesinde siyasi hesap yapmadan kenetlenmek kolay’ san\u0131labilir. Ancak \u00f6yle olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Etnik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n, mahalli liderlerin iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme arzular\u0131n\u0131n su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7tir bu. \u0130stanbul’un benimsedi\u011fi teslimiyet\u00e7i tav\u0131r bu arzular\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131, Ankara’ya itiraz\u0131n gerek\u00e7esidir ku\u015fkusuz ama ne tek ne de ger\u00e7ek izah\u0131 de\u011fildir. S\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fim Ankara’n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmandan \u00f6nce ‘isyanlarla’ u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Benim ya\u015f\u0131mdakiler 21 May\u0131s ve 22 \u015eubat ihtilal giri\u015fimlerini hat\u0131rlayacaklard\u0131r. 27 May\u0131s darbesini onaylamakla birlikte ihtilal komitesine dahil edilmemi\u015f kadronun \u00f6fke kabarmas\u0131d\u0131r her iki giri\u015fim de. Lakin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ‘darbecilerin’ tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7erkes k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n Hadise s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ba\u015fbakand\u0131r ve olaylar\u0131 \u015fimdi Ankara Radyosu’nun yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Hava Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ama o y\u0131llarda Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan binada izlemekteydi. D\u00f6nemin gazetelerinde hadisenin kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra binadan \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn bir s\u00f6z\u00fc yer ald\u0131 ama buna \u00f6zel bir anlam da y\u00fcklenmedi, “Bunlarla y\u0131llardan beri u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorum ben…” diyordu Pa\u015fa.<\/p>\n Neydi ‘\u00c7erkes’lerle al\u0131p veremedi\u011fi derseniz onu anlataca\u011f\u0131m. Ama hat\u0131rlatmak istedi\u011fim bir husus var. Gerek Erzurum Kongresi’nde gerekse Sivas Kongresi’nde Mustafa Kemal’in yan\u0131nda yer alan kadronun (Rauf Orbay -\u00c7erkesler aras\u0131ndaki ad\u0131yla A\u015fharuva Rauf – Fethi Okyar ve ilah…) b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00c7erkes, Adigey, Abaza oldu\u011funu unutmamak laz\u0131m ve nihayet Anadolu direni\u015finin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde neredeyse Ankara’n\u0131n elindeki tek askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn \u00c7erkes Ethem \u00e7evresinde toplanm\u0131\u015f kuvvet oldu\u011funu da… Ancak Milli M\u00fccadele \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir geli\u015fme oldu ve Mustafa Kemal’in yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik ya\u015fand\u0131. Lider yola birlikte \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filerden ayr\u0131ld\u0131, m\u00fccadeleye sonradan hatta bir bak\u0131ma fazlaca inanmadan- kat\u0131lan ’emir\/kumanda adamlar\u0131’ \u00f6n plana ge\u00e7ti. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimin Mustafa Kemal’in arzusu olmaktan \u00e7ok ‘yeni gelenlerin manevras\u0131’ oldu\u011fu yolunda i\u015faretler var. Nitekim ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde Ankara’dan \u00c7erkes Ethem’in a\u011fabeyi Re\u015fit Bey’e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 7 Ocak 1920 tarihli telgraf\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal, “Bu din ve devletin sa\u011flam bir uyru\u011fu olan \u00c7erkes karde\u015flerimiz, hepimizin \u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ba\u015f tac\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fmanlarla \u00e7evrili T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, \u00c7erkes ve di\u011fer din karde\u015flerimizin el ele vermesi, sars\u0131lmaz bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015fturmalar\u0131, namus ve ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in bir zorunluluktur…” diyordu.<\/p>\n Muhtemeldir ki, \u0130smet Pa\u015fa ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere m\u00fccadelenin r\u00fctbeli di\u011fer zevat\u0131 \u00c7erkes Ethem’in BMM Genel Kurulu’nda co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na bak\u0131p \u00fcrkt\u00fcler… Milletvekilleri taraf\u0131ndan tam bir kahraman gibi kar\u015f\u0131lanan ve dakikalarca s\u00fcren alk\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kesilmemesi \u00fczerine utan\u00e7tan terleyen Ethem, \u0130smet Pa\u015fa konusundaki hissiyat\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken \u015fu tespiti yapar: “\u0130lk defa kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorduk. Daha sonra hayat\u0131mdaki menfilik ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bu zat\u0131n ilk anda \u00fczerimdeki intiba\u0131n\u0131n derin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ehresinin ve hareketlerinin bariz hususiyet ifade etmedi\u011fini itiraf ederim. Fakat konu\u015ftuk\u00e7a ve fikirlerini dinledik\u00e7e, onu bir\u00e7ok meziyetleri bulunan erk\u00e2n-i harp hususiyetleri ta\u015f\u0131makla birlikte hi\u00e7bir zaman zaferi temsil edecek kumandanl\u0131k vasf\u0131na sahip bulamad\u0131m.”<\/p>\n \u015euras\u0131 kesindir ki, Ethem’e ‘\u00c7erkes’ lakab\u0131n\u0131 takan \u0130smet Pa\u015fa’d\u0131r. Kendisine soruldu\u011funda bunu ‘\u00f6vg\u00fc’ olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler ama Ethem \u00f6yle an\u0131lmaktan rahats\u0131zd\u0131r: “Hepimiz Osmanl\u0131’yd\u0131k… E\u011fer milliyet ve \u0131rk tefriki yap\u0131lmaya kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131lsayd\u0131 bu vatanda seceresi kar\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f kim kal\u0131rd\u0131.”<\/p>\n Ethem’in Yozgat isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir maharet ve s\u00fcratle bast\u0131rmas\u0131 da onu ayn\u0131 yerde daha \u00f6nce ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015f baz\u0131 kumandanlar\u0131n k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k ve rekabet hislerine hedef haline getirdi. Nitekim Ethem’e g\u00f6re Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n Garp Cephesi Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n hakiki sebebi, “\u0130smet ve Refet beylerin benim i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini tatbik etmeye Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’y\u0131 ikna etmeleri ve yolda vaziyeti m\u00fcsait bulmalar\u0131d\u0131r.” Saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir Ethem’in. Ve manevra \u0130smet Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. Ethem ge\u00e7 fark etti\u011fi oyuna son anda m\u00fcdahale ederek bir deneme yapar. Ama Pa\u015fa sadece asker de\u011fil siyaset\u00e7idir de… Ans\u0131z\u0131n maiyetiyle birlikte Eski\u015fehir’e gelip do\u011fruca yan\u0131na giren Ethem’i yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r. “Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131nca beni g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda hayret ve \u00fcrkeklik vard\u0131. Aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 teredd\u00fct ge\u00e7irdi, sonra s\u00fcratli ad\u0131mlarla bana do\u011fru geldi. Y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemen tebess\u00fcme \u00e7evirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. \u0130ki eliyle ellerimi tuttu, daha sonra ellerini kollar\u0131ma do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve o vaziyette konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131: Fakat Ethem kararl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ilk ba\u015fta… Arada itiraz eden \u0130smet Pa\u015fa’y\u0131 susturur Ethem, s\u00f6zlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr… S\u00f6z \u0130smet Pa\u015fa’dad\u0131r art\u0131k…<\/p>\n – Allah fesat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n cezas\u0131n\u0131 versin Ethem beyefendi… \u0130timat ediniz ki ben sizin gibi arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131n mevcudiyetine g\u00fcvenerek Garp Cephesi Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 ald\u0131m… Ordu i\u00e7inde menfi propaganda yapanlar\u0131 teker teker ara\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m ve cezaland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m. Ben bu hizmeti beraberce y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fimize samimiyetle inan\u0131yorum. Sizin de ayn\u0131 histe oldu\u011funuzu \u00e7ok iyi biliyorum.”<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece teskin olur ve endi\u015felerden b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn kurtulmasa da i\u00e7i ferahlam\u0131\u015f olarak Eski\u015fehir’den ayr\u0131l\u0131r Ethem. Ancak \u0130smet Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde ‘h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr’ art\u0131k… BMM ordular\u0131yla Yunan kuvvetleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r Ethem. Mebuslar\u0131n arabuluculuk \u00e7abalar\u0131 yetmez durumu kurtarmaya ve ‘hayat\u0131n\u0131n hatas\u0131n\u0131’ yapar Ethem, BMM’ye telgraf \u00e7eker. O ana kadar kendisinden yana olan milletvekilleri dahil herkes tehdit olarak alg\u0131lar orada s\u00f6ylediklerini ve Meclis’ten ilk defa istedi\u011fi deste\u011fi bulur \u0130smet Pa\u015fa.<\/p>\n Ethem hatas\u0131n\u0131 anlar ama i\u015f i\u015ften ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Part\u0131 Pehlivan’\u0131 silahlar\u0131 ve askerleri Bat\u0131 Cephesi kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na teslimle g\u00f6revlendirir ve mukadder ak\u0131betine do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in U\u015fak’taki Yunan kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvurur. Siyasi tarihimizin ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ‘politik k\u00fcf\u00fcr’\u00fcn\u00fcn yafta olarak onun boynuna da tak\u0131lmas\u0131 gecikmez: Hain!<\/p>\n Burada soluklan\u0131p bir yorum yapay\u0131m… \u00c7erkeslerde genel bir halin ifadesi midir bilmem. Ethem gerek Ankara’da Ziraat Mektebi’nde Mustafa Kemal’in yan\u0131na geldi\u011finde gerekse Eski\u015fehir’de \u0130smet Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n odas\u0131na dald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendince kararl\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek ‘son ad\u0131m\u0131’ atma cesaretini g\u00f6steremedi. G\u00f6sterseydi iyi olurdu demiyorum; hatta \u00e7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr ki g\u00f6stermemi\u015f ama \u015fayet o ad\u0131m\u0131 atsayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn herhalde \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir tablo i\u00e7inde konu\u015fuyor olurduk. Rauf Orbay, Fethi Okyar ve onlardan sonra Talat Aydemir de hep ‘son ad\u0131m\u0131’ atamam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerdir. Biliyorsunuz Aydemir \u00c7ankaya’da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Ba\u015fbakan’\u0131 tecrit etti\u011fi halde \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin verdi\u011fi an ‘kaybetti’. Gerisi o maceran\u0131n trajik finalidir. \u00c7erkes Ethem’e d\u00f6neyim. Elinin alt\u0131nda hayli maddi kaynak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Yunanl\u0131lara teslim olma karar\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011finde cebindeki \u00fc\u00e7-be\u015f kuru\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yan\u0131na bir \u015fey almad\u0131. Nitekim Atina’ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp tedavisine Almanya’da devam edilmesi karar\u0131 \u00fczerine oradan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcnlerce pekmeze ekmek banarak karn\u0131n\u0131 doyurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da biliyoruz. Ethem’in gurbet g\u00fcnlerinde hayalini kurdu\u011fu geli\u015fme Enver Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n muzaffer olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Onun \u015fehit oldu\u011fu haberini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcmidini kaybetti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemeye gerek yok. Almanya’dan M\u0131s\u0131r’a oradan da \u00dcrd\u00fcn’e gidip yerle\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye’de 150’likler listesindeydi. 1937’de di\u011ferleriyle birlikte Ethem de affedildi ve \u00fclkeye d\u00f6nmesine izin verildi. Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn ona para ve pasaport g\u00f6ndertti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Karde\u015fleri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler ama o ‘ Boynumda hain yaftas\u0131yla m\u0131, asla..’ diyerek daveti reddetti:<\/p>\n “Ben milletime ve tarihe hain diye tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, g\u0131yab\u0131nda idama mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f bir adam\u0131m. Ancak hakikatte ben, asgari bana b\u00f6yle diyenler kadar vatanperverim ve Milli M\u00fccadele’de hepsinden k\u0131demliyim. Ben hain olmaya icbar edildim, buna ra\u011fmen hain olmad\u0131m. \u015eimdi hakikatleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a konu\u015fabilecek miyiz? Hepimiz adil ve bitaraf h\u00e2kimler \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kabilecek miyiz? Haydi bunlar oldu diyelim; ya zihinlere yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f menfur kanaatleri nas\u0131l \u0131slah edece\u011fiz. Burada gurbette \u00f6l\u00fcr\u00fcm, fakat hi\u00e7 olmazsa g\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde do\u011fru tarihin hakikatleri ele almas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit ederek g\u00f6zlerimi kapar\u0131m.”<\/p>\n Ethem 1948 Eyl\u00fcl’\u00fcnde Amman’da hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. \u015eeria Nehri’nin kenar\u0131nda m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir t\u00f6renle topra\u011fa verildi…<\/p>\n Aznavur kimdi?<\/strong><\/p>\n Ahmet Aznavur ‘B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7erkes S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc’ s\u0131ras\u0131nda (1864) Adigey’den g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Marmara y\u00f6resine yerle\u015fen An\u00e7ok ailesinin bir ferdi. Jandarma subay\u0131yd\u0131 ve 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n tavsiyesiyle Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa’ya al\u0131narak Kafkas cephesinde g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015fti.. Cesur, becerikli ve r\u00fctbesinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6revler \u00fcstlenebilen bir ki\u015fiydi. Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Mahsusa’n\u0131n efsanevi ba\u015fkan\u0131 E\u015fref Sencer Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 gibi o da kendisini Enver Pa\u015fa’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 hissediyor; Mustafa Kemal’e \u00f6fke duyuyordu. G\u00f6nen ve Manyas y\u00f6resindeki Kafkas g\u00f6\u00e7men k\u00f6ylerinden toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerle Marmara y\u00f6resinde Kuvay\u0131 Milliye aleyhine ilk kar\u015f\u0131 ihtilal hareketini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Niyeti Ankara’y\u0131 zaptedip Milli M\u00fccadele’yi Enver Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirmesine amade k\u0131lmakt\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00c7erkes Ethem \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Onunla Geyve Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndaki \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalarda ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flayamad\u0131, at\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015ferek yaraland\u0131, \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nmek zorunda kald\u0131. An\u00e7ok Ahmet Aznavur daha sonra Biga taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7tiyse de 1921 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131 sonunda Eski\u015fehir \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi’nce g\u0131yab\u0131nda idam cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca etkinli\u011fini tamamen yitirdi. 15 Nisan 1921’de Karabiga dolaylar\u0131nda bir Arnavut \u00e7etesinin pususuna d\u00fc\u015ferek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, ba\u015f\u0131 kesildi. Cenazesi Biga’n\u0131n Buza\u011f\u0131l\u0131k k\u00f6y\u00fcne defnedildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Avni Özgürel Radikal Gazetesi, 11 12 2005 Milli Mücadele yıllarının öteki yüzü Çerkes Ethem, Mustafa Kemal’in Anadolu’da dayandığı askeri gücün sahibiydi; Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin ‘Milli Kahraman’ unvanı ile onurlandırdığı bir kişiydi. Ancak, Ankara’nın yeni hiyerarşisiyle uyuşamayınca Yunan’a sığındı ve hain ilan edildi. 1920 senesinin Aralık ayı Milli Mücadele sürecince Ankara’nın, daha doğrusu Mustafa Kemal’in tek 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\n<\/span><\/span><\/b> Radikal Gazetesi, 11 12 2005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n ‘\u0130\u015fgal’in \u00f6nemi<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>
\nBizde ulusal direni\u015fi Anadolu’nun i\u015fgali ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 verilen ‘Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’ ekseninde yans\u0131tan bir resmi tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u00e2kim. Bunun i\u00e7in yeni ku\u015faklara ‘Ankara’n\u0131n i\u00e7 \u00e2lemi’ yeterince anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Oysa a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6yleyeyim Milli M\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecinde ‘i\u015fgal’ tali bir durumdan \u00f6te k\u0131ymet ta\u015f\u0131maz. Hatta Mustafa Kemal ‘i\u015fgali’ ulusal direni\u015fin kenetlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n
\n Temel mesele: Otorite kurmak<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n ‘Hep bunlarla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131m’<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n ‘T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, \u00c7erkes el ele’<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n Son d\u00f6neme\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n– Ne vakit te\u015frif buyuruldu? Elleriniz s\u0131cak ve ate\u015fli. Doktorunuz seyahatinize nas\u0131l m\u00fcsaade etti? Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hakikaten merak ediyordum. \u015e\u00f6yle buyurun.<\/p>\n
\n– Samimiyetten eser kalmayan m\u00fc\u015fterek mesaimize son vermeye geldim. Ni\u00e7in b\u00f6yle yap\u0131l\u0131yor, anlayam\u0131yorum. Aleyhime gizli-a\u00e7\u0131k bir\u00e7ok tedbirlere ba\u015fvuruluyor. Rica ediyorum, e\u011fer kendinize ait olmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011finiz, fakat a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edemedi\u011finiz hususlar varsa bunlar\u0131 i\u015fte kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z, cesaretle s\u00f6yleyin…<\/p>\n
\n– Ben sizinle a\u00e7\u0131k ve ciddi konu\u015fuyorum ve b\u00f6yle olman\u0131z\u0131 rica ederek a\u00e7\u0131k ve samimi cevap bekliyorum…<\/p>\n
\n ‘Hayat\u0131m\u0131n hatas\u0131’<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n Ethem yan\u0131na bir \u015fey almad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n