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Walter Richmond \u00c7erkeslere kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 son zaferden \u00f6nce, Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u00c7erkesleri Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmeye ve onlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131na da Kazaklar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7oktan karar vermi\u015fti bile. \u201cKafkasya\u2019dan Mektuplar\u201d ad\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde General Rostislav Fadeev \u015funu iddia etti: \u201cLezgi ve \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin boyun e\u011fmesiyle tatmin olan Saha Kumandan\u0131 Prens Bariatinski, bu y\u00fczden, sava\u015f\u0131n son d\u00f6rt y\u0131ldaki plan\u0131 olarak \u00c7erkeslerin \u015fart ko\u015fulmaks\u0131z\u0131n da\u011flardaki bar\u0131naklar\u0131ndan (\u2026) kovulmas\u0131n\u0131, Bat\u0131 Kafkaslardaki sava\u015f\u0131n amac\u0131 olarak ortaya koydu.\u201d (1)<\/p>\n Fadeev, anla\u015f\u0131lan o ki, 1860 Ekim\u2019inde Vladikavkaz\u2019 da yap\u0131lan Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkeslerinin sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zme konusu ile ilgili bir Kafkas komutanlar toplant\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyordu. Dmitry Miliutin\u2019e g\u00f6re, sadece Filipson, \u00c7erkeslere kar\u015f\u0131 insanc\u0131l bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergileme konusunda tart\u0131\u015fmaya girdi.<\/p>\n Filipson\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine g\u00f6re, insanc\u0131l bir ruh i\u00e7inde, ya\u015famsal bir yol ve yerli kabilelerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu ile bir anla\u015farak olu\u015fturulacak bir idari sistem kurulu\u015fu ile birka\u00e7 istasyon kurarak, yollar yaparak, ormanlar\u0131 temizleyerek ve b\u00f6lgedeki g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 deneyerek, Abzegh ve Natuhaylarla ili\u015fki kurularak ba\u015far\u0131lan boyun e\u011fmeyi, ba\u015ftanba\u015fa t\u00fcm bat\u0131 Kafkaslarda ayn\u0131 derecede sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Muhammed Emin\u2019in yard\u0131m\u0131 ile nazik tedbirler al\u0131nabilirdi (\u2026). (2)<\/p>\n General Nikolay Yevdokimov \u00c7erkeslerin anavatanlar\u0131ndan komple \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmalar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini bildirdi:<\/p>\n Nikolay\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine g\u00f6re, kuvvetlerimiz, her \u015feyden evvel, da\u011f etekleri boyunca geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 temizlemek (ochistit\u2019) ve sonra da Laba ve Belaya \u00e7aylar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak ve bat\u0131ya do\u011fru Kara Da\u011flar\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131 boyunca yerle\u015fmek i\u00e7in Shapsughlara kar\u015f\u0131 komuta edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar ve bu bi\u00e7imde, da\u011fl\u0131 n\u00fcfusunu ezerek, onlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fcz-arazilere yerle\u015fmeleri ya da Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na gitmek \u00fczere ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131na mecbur etmek i\u00e7in isteklerimizin kabul\u00fc konusunda onlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131r\u0131z. (3)<\/p>\n Bariatinski ve Miliutin, Yevdokimov ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fine vard\u0131lar ve plan benimsendi. 10 May\u0131s 1862\u2019de, II.Alexander bu plan\u0131 resmen onaylad\u0131. D\u00fcz ovalara yerle\u015ftirilme \u201cfikri\u201d, hi\u00e7bir zaman ciddi de\u011fildi zaten. Rus ulu kumandan\u0131 \u015funun fark\u0131ndayd\u0131 ki; Abzeghler, Shapsughlar ve Wub\u0131hlar bu teklifi hi\u00e7bir zaman kabul etmeyecek ve tamamen yenilene kadar d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015feceklerdi. Yevdokimov, Kuzey Kafkaslarda bir ba\u015f belas\u0131 olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lan ve say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in aktif olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan birka\u00e7 bin \u00c7erkesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Kuban Nehrinin kuzeyine harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir milyonun \u00fcst\u00fcndeki en Rus kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00c7erkeslerin fikri, ciddi olarak beklide \u00f6nerilemezdi. Bununla birlikte, Ruslara \u00e7oktan boyun e\u011fmi\u015f olan kabilelere tercihleri sorulmad\u0131 bile, sadece sahile s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderildiler.<\/p>\n 1861\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019dan, bir \u0130ngiliz temsilcinin de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu bir delegasyon \u00c7erkesya\u2019ya geldi ve e\u011fer Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 tek bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak birle\u015firlerse, \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z ve T\u00fcrklerin onlar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir millet olarak tan\u0131yacaklar\u0131 konusunda kalan sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na s\u00f6z verdiler. Bu noktada, hi\u00e7bir yabanc\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn onlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fine inanmak i\u00e7in azda olsa neden vard\u0131, bahar ile birlikte, o an mevcut kalan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 13 idari birime ay\u0131ran ve tek bir yasal kanun \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan \u00c7erkesler, So\u00e7i\u2019de bir meclis olu\u015fturdular. 1862\u2019de destek istemek i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019a bir delegasyon g\u00f6nderdiler ve oradaki \u00c7erkes komitesi de onlar\u0131n dilek\u00e7elerini Paris ve Londra\u2019ya iletti.<\/p>\n Dilek\u00e7e \u0130ngiliz bas\u0131n\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve k\u0131sa zaman sonra anti-Rus\u00e7u makaleler dalgas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7erkesya\u2019ya \u00e7ok uluslu bir g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6nderildi fakat etkisizli\u011fi kan\u0131tland\u0131 ve 1864\u2019e kadar devam eden \u0130ngiliz -Frans\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki diplomatik \u00e7abalar da sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131. (5)<\/p>\n 1860\u2019lardan ba\u015flayarak, baz\u0131 \u00c7erkesler, \u00f6ncelikle az say\u0131lardaki zengin Osmanl\u0131 Aristokratlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. \u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli g\u00f6\u00e7 Nogaylar\u0131nki idi:1858 ve 1859 da yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 bin ki\u015fi Osmanl\u0131ya gitmek i\u00e7in Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 ayr\u0131ld\u0131. (6). 1861 de yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 bin Kabardey g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Ruslar Besleneyleri, Temirgoylar\u0131, kalmak isteyen Kabardeyleri, ve bir k\u0131s\u0131m Abazinleri de deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. (7). 200 Besleney ailesi, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n, (8) modern \u00c7erkes s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan birka\u00e7 feodal kabilenin di\u011fer kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve kendi kabilelerinin oldu\u011fu Kuban\u2019\u0131n sol taraf\u0131 boyunca uzanan daha i\u00e7lerdeki topraklara iskan edildiler. Bahar\u0131 takiben 28 Kazak yerle\u015fimi, s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00c7erkeslerin b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 yerlere kurulmu\u015ftu. 1862 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda 1860 y\u0131l\u0131 Ocak ay\u0131nda teslim olmu\u015f olan Natukhaylar, Kuban\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine yerle\u015ftirilmek \u00fczere d\u00fczenlendiler. Kazak yerle\u015fimleri onlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131 ve takip eden y\u0131lla beraber onlarda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn i\u00e7in k\u0131y\u0131lara g\u00f6nderildiler. Natukhaylar\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc zaman\u0131 tam 111 Kazak yerle\u015fimi kurulmu\u015ftu. (9)<\/p>\n Hala saf saf uluslar aras\u0131 yard\u0131m bekleyen Abzegh, Shapsugh ve Wub\u0131hlar, Ruslarla anla\u015fma kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. 1861\u2019in bahar\u0131nda, Abzegh Hasan Bidgev, Shapsugh \u0130slam Tkhau\u015fev ve Wub\u0131hHac\u0131 Gerenduk Berzeg\u2018ten olu\u015fan bir delegasyon, kendi topraklar\u0131nda kalmalar\u0131na izin verildi\u011fi taktirde tamamen teslim olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bildiren bir teklif ile Sa\u011f Kanat Komutan\u0131 General Nikolay Yevdokimov \u2018a ula\u015ft\u0131lar. Yevdokimov bunu reddetti ve daha \u00f6nceki teslimiyet antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden Abzeghleri su\u00e7layarak kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z teslimiyet istedi. Delegasyon, o anda orada bulunmayan General Alexander Bariatinski\u2019ye rica i\u00e7in Tiflis\u2019e gittiler.Onun vekili Grigol Orbeliani, \u0130mparator Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya bir ziyaret planl\u0131yorken,Alexandre\u2019ye bizzat kendisi delegasyonun ricas\u0131n\u0131 sundu. 16 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de delegasyon Alexandre\u2019ye ricalar\u0131n\u0131 sundular. Bu istekler \u00f6nceki taleplerinden biraz farkl\u0131 oldu. B\u00f6lgelerinde bundan ba\u015fka kale ve yollar yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla Rus tebal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edeceklerdi. Alexander a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sinirli cevap verdi ve dedi ki: \u201cKarar vermek i\u00e7in bir ay\u0131n\u0131z var. Ya Kuban\u2019\u0131n kuzey b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015fecek ya da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 edeceksiniz.\u201d (10)<\/p>\n <\/span> D\u0130PNOTLAR:<\/b><\/span> Walter Richmond Yardımcı Prof., B.A. Arizona State Üniversitesi, M.A. Ph.D. Güney Kaliforniya Üniversitesi Çeviri: Soner Kocsav “Kuzeybatı Kafkasya: Geçmiş, Şimdi, Gelecek” adlı kitaptan alıntıdır. (Bölüm 4) Çerkeslere karşı kazandığı son zaferden önce, Rus hükümeti, Çerkesleri Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na sürgün etmeye ve onların topraklarına da Kazakları yerleştirmeye çoktan karar vermişti bile. “Kafkasya’dan Mektuplar” adındaki yazısının beşinci bölümünde 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\n<\/span><\/span><\/b> Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Prof., B.A. Arizona State \u00dcniversitesi, M.A. Ph.D. G\u00fcney Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi
\n\u00c7eviri: Soner Kocsav
\n\u201cKuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya: Ge\u00e7mi\u015f, \u015eimdi, Gelecek\u201d adl\u0131 kitaptan al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. (B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>1) <\/b>Fadeev, Kavkazskaia Voina, pp. 152-53.
\n2) <\/b>Razvitie Obshchestvenno-Politicheskogo Stroia Adygov, pp. 165-66. de, t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.
\n3) <\/b>Ayn\u0131 yerde., p. 166. t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde belirtildi.
\n4)<\/b> Ayn\u0131 yerde, p..171
\n5)<\/b> Kasumov, Genotsid Adygov,(Adige Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131) pp. 140-45.
\n6) <\/b>p. 151. Ayn\u0131 yerde
\n7)<\/b> Tugan Khabasovich Kumikov. Vyselenie Adygov v Turtsiiu-Posledstvie Kavkazskoi Voiny. Nalchik: T. Kh. Kumikov, 1994, pp. 10-11.
\n8)<\/b> Kasumov, Genotsid Adygov,(Adige Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 p. 150.
\n9) <\/b>Polovinkina, Cherkesiia-Bol\u2019 Moia, pp. 157-58.
\n10) <\/b>Esadze, Pokorenie Zapadnogo Kavkaza i Okonchanie Kavkazskoi Voiny, pp. 354-57<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"