{"id":11257,"date":"2019-03-25T10:21:54","date_gmt":"2019-03-25T15:21:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11257"},"modified":"2019-03-25T10:21:54","modified_gmt":"2019-03-25T15:21:54","slug":"kitaplar-ve-hatalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/kitaplar-ve-hatalar\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0130TAPLAR VE HATALAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Elimizde Kafkasya \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birka\u00e7 kitap bulunuyor. Ek olarak yeni yeni kitaplar\u0131n yaz\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Sevindirici bir geli\u015fme. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 zor ve sorumsuzca i\u015flenmi\u015f hatalar\u0131 da g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e, \u00fcz\u00fclmemek elde de\u011fil. Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n yinelenmesinde ana neden, ku\u015fkusuz ciddi ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmamak (\u00e7o\u011fu kez de do\u011frusu dururken yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7medeki “becerimiz”) olabilir. Rahmetli General \u0130smail Berkok’<\/b>un “Tarihte Kafkasya”<\/b> adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131 (\u0130stanbul, 1958), bizde yeni harflerle yaz\u0131lan en eski ve en ciddi kitapt\u0131r. Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca bir ba\u015fvuru kitab\u0131 olarak da hakl\u0131 bir \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in, daha \u00e7ok tarihsel de\u011ferde bir kitapt\u0131r. Ancak bu kitapta sunulmu\u015f olan baz\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin incelenmeden ve ba\u015fka kaynaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmadan, adeta do\u011frulu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir bi\u00e7imde \u00a0kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7makta ve do\u011fru bilgilere ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bunun birka\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fini sunal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Tarihte Kafkasya kitab\u0131nda, sayfa 517’de, 1861’de \u00c7erkesya’da\u00a0 “Shapsugh, Wub\u0131h, Abhaz m\u0131nt\u0131kalar\u0131n\u0131 temsilen” bir “federal meclis” olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu, 1860’larda Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 verilen kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00f6rg\u00fct eliyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ayr\u0131ca son \u00c7erkes direni\u015finin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Ah\u00e7ip<\/b> k\u00f6y\u00fcnde (do\u011frusu Atkuac\/\u0410\u0442\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436 k\u00f6y\u00fc), Kuban b\u00f6lgesinde de Hodz <\/b>\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 vadisinde verildi\u011fi yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (sayfa 525). Ah\u00e7\u0131ps\u0131lar<\/b> Kbaada yaylas\u0131 y\u00f6resinde bir k\u00f6y toplulu\u011fu idiler. \u015eimdi orada Ruslar\u0131n Krasnaya Polyana ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri bir turistik belde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1864’te Hodz ya da Fedz \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 vadisinde, Bekok’un deyimiyle “kat’i muharebe” verilmi\u015f de olamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hodz vadisi 1850’li y\u0131llarda Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015fti ve Rus i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bilindi\u011fi gibi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Maykop kenti Belaya (\u015ehagua\u015fe) \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ovaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerde ve bu \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n sa\u011f yakas\u0131nda 1857’de bir Rus askeri kalesi olarak kurulmu\u015ftu. Adige-Rus s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u015ehagua\u015fe \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 (\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0430\u0449\u044d\/Belaya \u0131rma\u011f\u0131) sa\u011f (do\u011fu) yakas\u0131 boyunca 1860’da Ruslar\u0131n Belore\u00e7ensk M\u00fcstahkem Hatt\u0131 <\/b>kurulmu\u015ftu. Hodz vadisi de bu hatt\u0131n hayli do\u011fusunda ve Rus i\u015fgal b\u00f6lgesinde bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

General Berkok bu yanl\u0131\u015f ya da hatal\u0131 bilgiyi Abhaz ayd\u0131n\u0131 Mustafa Butbay<\/b>‘dan alm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Burada, 1857\u00f6ncesinde ya da 1877 Kuban Adige ayaklanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 verilmi\u015f olan bir direni\u015f, 1864 y\u0131l\u0131 olaylar\u0131na monte edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi bu yerlerde ya\u015fayan Abzeghler bile A\u011fustos 1863\u2019te Ruslara boyun e\u011fmi\u015f bulunuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler, ne yaz\u0131k ki zincirleme olarak, dahas\u0131 yeni katk\u0131 ve eklemelerle “zenginle\u015ftirilerek” s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmektedir. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi say\u0131n \u00d6mer B\u00dcY\u00dcKA<\/b>‘n\u0131n bir yap\u0131t\u0131nda da bunun bir \u00a0\u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir: “\u0130yi bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar” olan son Abhaz Prensi \u00c7a\u00e7ba Hamit Bey<\/b>‘in (Mihail \u015eerva\u015fidze) Abhaz, Wub\u0131h ve Shapsughlar\u0131 “birle\u015ftirerek”, 1859’da bir federal meclis kurdu\u011fu ve b\u00f6ylece “\u00c7erkesistan lideri”<\/b>\u00a0 oldu\u011fu, 11 May\u0131s 1864’te Ah\u00e7ips\u0131-Kbade yaylas\u0131nda Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 verilen son intihar sava\u015f\u0131<\/b> sonunda da, “\u00c7erkesistan’\u0131n son ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6lgesi Abhazya’n\u0131n”, Temmuz 1864’te “ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi”<\/b> yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. (Abhaz Mitolojisi Ana\u00e7 m\u0131?, sayfa 307)<\/p>\n

Oysa, Abhazya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir b\u00f6lge de\u011fil, 1810 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri \u00a0Rusya’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 feodal bir prenslik idi, \u00fcstelik Abhaz prensi g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kabul ederek Rus korumas\u0131 alt\u0131na girmi\u015fti. Mihail \u015eerva\u015fidze de Ruslarla sava\u015fmak bir yana\u00a0 Rus Ordusu saf\u0131nda tu\u011fgeneral <\/b>r\u00fctbesi verilmi\u015f bir okrug (il\u00e7e) prensi idi. Rusya’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 benzeri prenslikler Da\u011f\u0131stan’da da vard\u0131: Mehtulin Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Tarkov \u015eamhall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Prisulak Naibli\u011fi, Avar ve K\u00fcri hanl\u0131klar\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n

Rus y\u00f6netimi ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 idari ve sosyal reform program\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, 1858-1867 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, kademeli olarak bu feodal birimleri tasfiye etti. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Abhaz Prensli\u011fi de 1864\u2019te la\u011fvedildi. Meclis konusuna gelince, 1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abzegh (Abhaz de\u011fil, Abzegh\/\u0410\u0431\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0445), Shapsugh ve Wub\u0131hlar\u0131n So\u00e7i y\u00f6resinde bir Meclis Y\u00f6netimi kurduklar\u0131 do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n

Kbaada yaylas\u0131 (Krasnaya Polyana\/Atkuac) bug\u00fcn \u015e’a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i metropoliten alan\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Adler kent rayonunda ve Mz\u0131mta \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 vadisindedir. (bkz. Krasnaya Polyana, internet) 11 May\u0131s 1864’te burada bir intihar sava\u015f\u0131 gibi bir \u015fey olmam\u0131\u015f, 21 May\u0131s’ta Ruslar\u0131n bir askeri ve dini t\u00f6reni yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, t\u00f6rende Kafkas Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n Ruslar\u0131n zaferiyle tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015ftir. (bkz. Kbaada, internet)<\/p>\n

Say\u0131n \u0130zzet AYDEM\u0130R<\/b>‘in “G\u00f6\u00e7”<\/b> kitab\u0131nda da Berkok ve B\u00fcy\u00fcka’n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 yinelenmekte, bu arada 1810’dan beri Rus y\u00f6netiminde olan Abhazya’n\u0131n 1829’da Rusya’ya ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lmakta, yani yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilendirmede bulunulmakta, son \u00c7erkes direni\u015fi konusunda da \u015fu bilgiler verilmektedir:1864 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Abzegh ve Shapsughlar teslim olurken, “Wub\u0131h ve Abhazlar sava\u015fa devam etmi\u015fler” <\/b>ama “\u00c7erkes direni\u015fi 25 May\u0131s 1864’te Tuapse yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Hodz vadisindeki Kbaada’da yap\u0131lan son kanl\u0131 sava\u015fla k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu”. (sayfa 13, 55) Asl\u0131nda Abzegh ve Shapsughlar 1863 y\u0131l\u0131 sonbahar\u0131nda sava\u015fa son vermi\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Tabii bu g\u00f6\u00e7 zorunlu bir g\u00f6\u00e7 (\u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\/deportasyon) idi.<\/p>\n

Ele\u015ftiri bilimimizin geli\u015fmemi\u015f olmas\u0131, kabilecilik, b\u00f6ylesine acayip yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7makta, Maykop’un do\u011fusunda, k\u0131y\u0131dan 200 km i\u00e7eride olan Hodz deresi, Tuapse yak\u0131nlar\u0131na, \u015e’a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i’nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda Mz\u0131mta \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 vadisinde olan Kbaada\u2019n\u0131n da Hodz deresi vadisine “ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131” gibi tuhaf durumlar olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Say\u0131n Sefer E. BERZEG<\/b> de benzeri bir tutum i\u00e7indedir: “Abhazya halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun (?) 1864 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011funu” <\/b> s\u00f6yleyen Berzeg, son \u00c7erkes direni\u015fi konusunda da, “Shapsugh ve Wub\u0131h y\u00f6relerinin Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmesinden sonra, direni\u015f Abhazya’da Ah\u00e7\u0131ps\u0131 y\u00f6resinde noktaland\u0131”<\/b> demektedir. (Kafkasya Ger\u00e7e\u011fi dergisi, say\u0131 2, sayfa 1)<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce \u015funu belirtelim, Ah\u00e7\u0131ps\u0131 y\u00f6resi Rusya’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olan Abhazya’da de\u011fil, Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00c7erkesya topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7indeydi. <\/b>1812 B\u00fckre\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na g\u00f6re Karadeniz’e d\u00f6k\u00fclen Bz\u0131b \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 Rus-\u00c7erkes ya da Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Ah\u00e7\u0131ps\u0131lar \u00a0Shapsugh, Wub\u0131h ve Cigetlerle birlikte fiilen Mart 1864’te, resmen de 2 Nisan 1864’te Ruslara boyun e\u011fmi\u015flerdi. Karadeniz’e d\u00f6k\u00fclen Psov \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131s\u0131nda bar\u0131nan Aibga<\/b> k\u00f6y\u00fc 11 May\u0131s 1864’te Ruslara boyun e\u011ferek T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f, sadece Shapsughlar\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131 olan Hak’u\u00e7lar<\/b> (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0443\u0446\u0443) direni\u015fe devam etmi\u015flerdir. (bkz. Hak’u\u00e7, Aibga, internet)<\/p>\n

2 Nisan 1864’te Wub\u0131h, Shapsugh, Ciget ve Ah\u00e7\u0131ps\u0131 temsilcileri \u00c7ar’\u0131n karde\u015fi Veliaht Prens ya da Grand\u00fck<\/b> Mihail Nikolayevi\u00e7<\/b>‘e ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015flerdi, yani resmen boyun e\u011fmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

Bu bak\u0131mdan daha dikkatli ve tarafs\u0131z olmam\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Not:<\/b> Bu yaz\u0131 “Kuzey Kafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi”<\/b>, say\u0131 87-88’de, sayfa 53-54’te, Temmuz 1993\u2019te \u201cKitaplar ve Kimi Fahi\u015f Hatalar\u2026\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yaz\u0131, \u015fimdi g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f ve yeni bilgilerle daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirilmi\u015ftir. 4. 07. 2008. -HCY<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız Elimizde Kafkasya üzerine yazılmış birkaç kitap bulunuyor. Ek olarak yeni yeni kitapların yazılmakta olduğunu da görüyoruz. Sevindirici bir gelişme. Ancak bağışlanması zor ve sorumsuzca işlenmiş hataları da gördükçe, üzülmemek elde değil. Yanlışlıkların yinelenmesinde ana neden, kuşkusuz ciddi ve ayrıntılı araştırma yapmamak (çoğu kez de doğrusu dururken yanlışını seçmedeki “becerimiz”) olabilir. Rahmetli General […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11257"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11259,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11257\/revisions\/11259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}