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Sezai Babaku\u015f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Abhazya halk\u0131, 14 A\u011fustos 1992\u2019de G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015fgal giri\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1993\u2019de kazand\u0131. 30 Eyl\u00fcl, Abhazya i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. 30 Eyl\u00fcl, hepimiz i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hat\u0131rlama g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Abhazya halk\u0131n\u0131n inan\u00e7, cesaret, kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00fcst\u00fcn beceri \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6stererek kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu zafer haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ve zorbal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadelenin en parlak \u00f6rneklerinden biri olarak insanl\u0131k tarihine ge\u00e7ti. Bu zafer, d\u00fcnyada \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, bar\u0131\u015f ve adalete inanan ve bu u\u011furda m\u00fccadele veren t\u00fcm insanlara umut, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve cesaret verdi. Bu zafere \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden t\u00fcm siyasi ve askeri liderleri, bu m\u00fccadelede saf tutan t\u00fcm kahramanlar\u0131 selaml\u0131yor, \u00f6nlerinde sayg\u0131yla e\u011filiyorum.<\/p>\n Zaferin 15. y\u0131l\u0131nda, zaferi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ve Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131yan t\u00fcm kahramanlar ad\u0131na ve an\u0131s\u0131na, yak\u0131n tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fim baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sizlere anlatmak, payla\u015fmak istiyorum. Kendimce bir an\u0131 defteri olu\u015fturdum. Sava\u015fa tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden herkesi yazmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorum. Sava\u015flar toplumlarda ayr\u0131 bir bellek olu\u015fturur; \u00f6yk\u00fclere, \u015fark\u0131lara, masallara yer a\u00e7ar. Herkes ne biliyorsa yazmal\u0131, toplumsal belle\u011fe bir tu\u011fla koymal\u0131. Bu sava\u015f, bu zafer ve bu zaferi sa\u011flayanlar fazlas\u0131n\u0131 hakediyor\u2026 <\/p>\n Sezai Babaku\u015f<\/p>\n Vladislav Ardz\u0131nba<\/b><\/p>\n 1990\u2019da acemi bir parlamento ba\u015fkan\u0131yd\u0131, kritik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde s\u0131nav verdi; halk\u0131n\u0131n kaderine h\u00fckmetti ve \u00fclkesini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cger\u00e7ek\u201d bir kahraman oldu\u2026<\/p>\n Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Abhazya bug\u00fcnlere, Vladislav Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n bilge, kararl\u0131, karizmatik lider ki\u015fili\u011fi sayesinde ula\u015ft\u0131. O\u2019nu 1989\u2019da Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 ilk ziyaretimde tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. O zaman, ekonomi edit\u00f6r\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m H\u00fcrriyet Gazetesi ad\u0131na, T\u00fcrk-Sovyet Karma Ekonomi Konseyi toplant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in Moskova\u2019ya davet edilmi\u015ftim. Genel Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmeni \u00c7etin Eme\u00e7\u2019den 1 hafta ek izin koparm\u0131\u015f, Moskova program\u0131 sonras\u0131, Sovyet Yazarlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nden Rady Fish ve Vera Feyenova\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ile Abhazya\u2019ya gidebilmi\u015ftim. Gorbachev\u2019in \u201cglasnost\u201d ve \u201cperestroyka\u201d f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 devam ediyordu ya, yine de 23 Ekim 1989\u2019da, Moskova\u2019dan bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n di\u011fer yolculardan tecrit \u00f6zel b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, tek ba\u015f\u0131ma yolculuk ederek Sohum\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. 130 y\u0131l sonra anavatanla kucakla\u015fman\u0131n co\u015fkusu, do\u011fal g\u00fczelli\u011fin ve 87 derecelik \u201c\u00e7a\u00e7a\u201dn\u0131n sarho\u015flu\u011fu, akrabalar, yazarlar, \u015fairler, parlamenterler, bakanlar derken, 27 Ekim g\u00fcn\u00fc, Abhazya Tarih ve Bilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (1988\u2019de bu g\u00f6reve se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti) ve SSCB Halklar Meclisi \u00fcyesi (B. \u015einkuba ve F. \u0130skender ile birlikte o y\u0131l Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 temsilen se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti) V. Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n odas\u0131ndayd\u0131m. 1985\u2019de Hatti-Hitit tarihi \u00fczerine doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 bir akademisyenken (14 May\u0131s 1945 do\u011fumlu) Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimin anaforunda politikan\u0131n i\u00e7ine s\u00fcr\u00fcklenivermi\u015fti. Dinamik ve karizmatikti. Abhazya\u2019da tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m ki\u015filer i\u00e7inde en etkileyici olan\u0131yd\u0131 ve hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, herkesten bir ad\u0131m \u00f6ndeydi.<\/p>\n Eski Sohum Liman\u0131\u2019na bakan Enstit\u00fc binas\u0131ndaki ofisinde 4 dilin (Abhazca, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, \u0130ngilizce ve Rus\u00e7a) harmanland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1,5 saate yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemizde, O Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n ahvalini anlatt\u0131, ben de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ninkini\u2026 Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n etnik contentinde T\u00fcrkl\u00fck vard\u0131. Annesinin baba taraf\u0131 Abhazla\u015fm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fc, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan kalan\u2026<\/p>\n Abhazya kritik bir s\u00fcrece girmi\u015fti. Sovyetler da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yordu ve yerine neyin konaca\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz belli de\u011fildi. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 ilhak heveslisi milliyet\u00e7iler Zviad Gamsakhurdia \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yordu. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, 1.000 kadar milliyet\u00e7i G\u00fcrc\u00fc militan\u0131n Abhazya\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 16 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 3-4 ay i\u00e7inde Abhazya\u2019da parlamento se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lacakt\u0131 ve Ardz\u0131nba, Abhaz ulusal hareketi Aydg\u0131lara (Birlik) taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen adaylar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. Daha \u015fimdiden Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n yak\u0131n gelece\u011fine h\u00fckmedece\u011fini biliyor gibiydi.<\/p>\n Sonunda, \u201cAbhazya i\u00e7in yeni bir gelecek ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Buraya gelmeli ve bize kat\u0131lmal\u0131s\u0131n\u201d diyiverdi.<\/p>\n Hen\u00fcz politikan\u0131n acemisiydi ama inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ikna g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fcksekti. En az\u0131ndan bana s\u00f6kt\u00fc\u2026 \u201cBunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnece\u011fim\u201d dedim. En az bir y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek mazeretim vard\u0131.<\/p>\n 30 Ekim\u2019de (tam da 30. ya\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcmde) Abhazya\u2019dan y\u00fcksek duygular ve karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. S\u00f6z yerindeyse vurgunu yemi\u015ftim. Sohum\u2019dan Batum\u2019a sekiz yolcu kapasiteli pervaneli bir u\u00e7akla katederek, hen\u00fcz yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan Sarp s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. \u00dc\u00e7 be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde, \u0130stanbul\u2019un da, gazetecili\u011fin de, ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131n da katlan\u0131lmaz derecede s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131vermi\u015ftim (!). \u00c7etin Eme\u00e7 \u201cparlak bir kariyerin var, yaz\u0131k etme\u201d dedi; o\u011ful Simavi, \u201cMoskova\u2019da b\u00fcro a\u00e7ma iznini yeni ald\u0131k, istersen Moskova temsilcimiz ol\u201d \u00f6nermesinde bulunmu\u015ftu. Arkada\u015flardan \u201cdeli misin\u201dler, aile \u00e7evresinden de \u201colmaz\u201dlanmalar y\u00fckselmi\u015fti.\u00a0 Do\u011fruydu, iyi bir mesle\u011fim, i\u015fim, e\u015fim, \u00e7evrem vard\u0131. Kariyerim \u201cparlak\u201dt\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce T\u00dcS\u0130AD taraf\u0131ndan \u201cy\u0131l\u0131n gazetecisi\u201d se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftim vs. Herkes hakl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Zaman kazanmak i\u00e7in, daha \u00f6nce planlanm\u0131\u015f (orada ya\u015fayan sevgili biraderim sayesinde) Amerika maceras\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131m; \u201cdilini geli\u015ftir, yeni d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ke\u015ffet vs.\u201d cinsinden bir program… Sekiz ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kendi \u201ceski\u201dsine, k\u00f6klerine dokunan birine onlarca \u201cyeni d\u00fcnya\u201d verseniz ne yazar. Ben de yeni d\u00fcnyan\u0131n eski insanlar\u0131na tak\u0131ld\u0131m; \u00a0biraz K\u0131z\u0131lderili biraz Amish (sava\u015f\u0131 ve teknolojiyi reddeden bir halk) dolan\u0131p durdum. \u00c7etin Eme\u00e7\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc (7 Mart 1990) New Echota\u2019da (Gordon County\/<\/span>Georgia) s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde \u00f6len \u00c7eroki\u2019lerin (Cherokee<\/span>) an\u0131s\u0131na yap\u0131lan \u201cG\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 Yolu\u201d an\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret edip 1984\u2019de 9.000 Nevajo ve Apa\u00e7ilerin (Apache) 500 kilometre y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclerek s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\u011fi Bosque Redondo\u2019ya (Fort Summer\/New Mexico) do\u011fru yol almaktayken \u00f6\u011frendim. D\u00f6nd\u00fcm, 1991\u2019in 14 Nisan\u2019\u0131nda iki valiz e\u015fya ile Abhazya\u2019ya teslim oldum.<\/p>\n \u0130ki g\u00fcn sonra Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n huzurundayd\u0131m. Biraz \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n biraz memnun kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek epey uzun s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f\u201d dedi. B\u00f6ylece Sohum\u2019un iki g\u00f6zde binas\u0131nda (Ritsa Oteli ve Parlamento Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u201cyeni hayat\u201da ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapt\u0131m.<\/p>\n Ardz\u0131nba, beklendi\u011fi \u00fczere, 1990\u2019un ba\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde parlamentoya ve ilk oturumda da Parlamento Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n siyasi yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda Parlamento Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00fcst makamd\u0131. 1922\u2019de kurulan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi 1991\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcreci birli\u011fi olu\u015fturan cumhuriyetlere ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclke stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazand\u0131r\u0131yordu. Ancak birlik i\u00e7inde yer alan onlarca \u00f6zerk cumhuriyetin, \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgenin, kray ve oblast\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131 belirsizdi. Birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131tan Gorbachev bu kadar detay d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemi\u015fti. Rusya, kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zerk yap\u0131larla Federasyon olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Bunun di\u011fer \u00fclkelere de \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131 bekleniyordu. 28 Nisan 1991\u2019de G\u00fcrcistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f, May\u0131s ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imde de Zviad Gamsakhurdia devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. G\u00fcrcistan y\u00f6netiminin Abhazya ve Acaristan \u00f6zerk cumhuriyetleri ve G\u00fcney Osetya \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgesi ile nas\u0131l bir \u201cgelecek\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirsizdi.<\/p>\n K\u0131saca, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n kaderini yak\u0131ndan etkileyecek geli\u015fmelerin g\u00f6be\u011findeydik.<\/p>\n Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok i\u015f vard\u0131. Benim de\u2026 \u0130lk haftalar daha \u00e7ok ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00f6\u011frenmek bug\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak \u00fczerineydi. Tarihle y\u00fczle\u015ftim. Dilimdeki, y\u00fcre\u011fimdeki pas\u0131 att\u0131m. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n etnik dengeler \u00fczerine kurulu siyasi, hukuki ve idari yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hatmettim. Is\u0131nd\u0131m\u2026 Bir bilgisayar operat\u00f6r\u00fc (Mi\u015fa), bir Rus\u00e7a-\u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirmen (Luda), iki Macintosh (Kiril ve Latin shift), bir renkli printer ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz enformasyon merkezimizde kollar\u0131 s\u0131vad\u0131m.<\/p>\n Parlamento Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kurumsal bir konsept olu\u015fturarak i\u015fe koyulduk. \u00d6nceli\u011fi ekonomi ve d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler (\u00f6zellikle diaspora ile ili\u015fkiler) al\u0131yordu. Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 tarihi, siyasi, hukuki, ekonomik ve sosyal yanlar\u0131yla \u00f6zet olarak tan\u0131tan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve \u0130ngilizce bir dosya haz\u0131rlad\u0131k ve yava\u015f yava\u015f Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n envanterini \u00e7\u0131karmaya, sekt\u00f6r analizleri yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. G. Gagulya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda D\u0131\u015f Ekonomik \u0130li\u015fkiler Komitesi\u2019ni kurduk. Yat\u0131r\u0131m ve Kalk\u0131nma Ajans\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flad\u0131k. O\u00e7amcira liman\u0131 ve \u00e7evresini kapsayacak bir serbest b\u00f6lge projesi geli\u015ftirdik. Sohum-Trabzon aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve Sohum G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131, diasporadan olas\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7in kurumsal bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00a0vs. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131k. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Abhazya\u2019ya ilk i\u015f gezisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik. Sevgili dostum M\u00fcmtaz Demir\u00f6z (o s\u0131ralar Abhaz Derne\u011fi ba\u015fkan\u0131yd\u0131) ile birlikte bir otob\u00fcs dolusu potansiyel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131y\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan 7 gazeteciyi \u0130stanbul-Sarp-Batum \u00fczerinden (macera dolu bir yolculukla) Abhazya\u2019ya getirdik. B\u00f6ylece ilk ortak yat\u0131r\u0131m projeleri hayata ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131. (Bu gezi ile Abhazya\u2019ya gelen \u0130zmirli iki T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7 giri\u015fimcinin (Cahit ve Cem) \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6zel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Torbal\u0131\u2019da kiremit-tu\u011fla fabrikas\u0131 sahibi bu gen\u00e7ler Abhazya \u0130mar ve \u0130n\u015faat Kurumu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 A. Ar\u015fba ile Tkvar\u00e7al b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6n yat\u0131r\u0131m tutar\u0131 1 milyon 300 bin dolar olan bir kiremit-tu\u011fla fabrikas\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in anla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Cahit ve Cem 1991\/92 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0 Abhazya\u2019ya defalarca geldiler. Sonunda proje detayland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve i\u015fin ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Gagrabank\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lan ortak hesaba 100 bin Dolar para yat\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu para ile fabrikan\u0131n kurulaca\u011f\u0131 alanda hafriyata ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 14 A\u011fustos\u2019ta sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile A.Ar\u015fba \u00a0-ortaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011funu yerine getirerek- bankada kalan 78.000 Dolar\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ekip Nal\u00e7ik\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc, Cahit ve Cem\u2019i arayarak paray\u0131 Nal\u00e7ik\u2019ten alabileceklerini s\u00f6yledi. Cem ve Cahit Nal\u00e7ik\u2019e gidip A. Ar\u015fba ile bulu\u015ftular paran\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Abhazya\u2019ya destek i\u00e7in b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Bu para, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Abhazya\u2019ya yap\u0131lan ilk yard\u0131m olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti. Cahit ve Cem\u2019e c\u00f6mertlikleri i\u00e7in, Ar\u015fba\u2019ya da d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00f6rnek davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum.) <\/i><\/p>\n Abhazya\u2019ya gelen gazeteci dostlar\u0131m\u0131n haberleri ve benim \u00e7e\u015fitli gazete ve dergilerde \u00e7\u0131kan yaz\u0131lar\u0131mla, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki hem kendi camiam\u0131z\u0131n hem de genel kamuoyunun ve i\u015f \u00e7evrelerinin Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131malar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ad\u0131mlar att\u0131k. Bu sayede T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Abhazya\u2019ya \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015f gidi\u015fler ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerde (tar\u0131m, in\u015faat, turizm ve orman \u00fcr\u00fcnleri) ortakl\u0131klar kurulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu geli\u015fme Abhaz-Adige i\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131 da harekete ge\u00e7irdi, kurduklar\u0131 \u00e7ok ortakl\u0131 \u015firketle (Narta\u015f) Abhazya\u2019da i\u015f yapmak \u00fczere kollar\u0131 s\u0131vad\u0131lar. Diaspora ile ili\u015fkileri daimi ve sistemli hale getirmek amac\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiye -Atay Ceyi\u015fakar, Cengiz G\u00fcl ve \u0130rfan Argun- Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 temsil yetkisi verdik. (K\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde d\u0131\u015f temsilcilerimiz aras\u0131na ABD\u2019den Yahya-\u0130nal Kazan ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019den George Hewitt kat\u0131ld\u0131. Nal\u00e7ik\u2019ten Moskova\u2019ya, Kazan\u2019dan Ufa\u2019ya temsilcilik a\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fledi. UNPO\/Temsil Edilmeyen Halklar \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile gayet verimli i\u015fbirli\u011fi kuruldu). Bu arada, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinden 25 kadar gencin Abhazya\u2019ya \u00fcniversite okumak \u00fczere gelmesi umut ve heyecan\u0131 daha da art\u0131rd\u0131. (Bu \u00f6\u011frencilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kald\u0131 ve Abhazyal\u0131 oldu; halen milletvekili ve Abhazya Ticaret Odasi Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Soner Gogua, Karde\u015flik Vakf\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Oktay \u00c7ikatua ve Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Komitesi\u2019nde g\u00f6rev yapan Erkan Kutarba ilk akla gelenler.)<\/p>\n Velhas\u0131l diaspora-anavatan k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc kurulmu\u015ftu ve i\u015fler iyi gidiyordu. \u00d6yle ki, gelen-gidenle ilgilenmekten, hayali proje ve \u00f6nermeler dinlemekten s\u0131k\u0131lmaya bile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Kiminin milyar dolar sermayeli \u015firketi vard\u0131, kiminin de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi y\u00f6netenleri y\u00f6netecek kadar siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fc\u2026 \u0130lkokul mezunundan uluslararas\u0131 siyaset, marangozdan makro ekonomi dersleri almaya al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Dahas\u0131 Abhazya ekonomisini bir anda d\u00fcze \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in organize i\u015fler (sahte Dolar basmaktan, kenevir-esrar yeti\u015ftirmeye kadar) \u00f6neren avant\u00fcrler de peyda olmu\u015ftu. Olsun, Apsua dedi\u011fin \u201cy\u00fcksekten u\u00e7ar\u201dd\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n G\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n en acil sorunu d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile haberle\u015fmesindeydi. Rusya ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a entegre bir telefon sistemi vard\u0131; \u00e7ok eski ve hantald\u0131. Bu sistemle uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapmak hemen hemen imkans\u0131zd\u0131. Yeni bir sistem i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den destek aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131m. D\u00f6nemin Maliye Bakan\u0131 Adnan Kahveci ile ili\u015fkilerim iyiydi, Ankara\u2019ya gelerek kendisi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Abhazya\u2019ya, toplam b\u00fct\u00e7esi 600 bin Dolar\u2019\u0131 bulan 10 bin abone kapasiteli bir telefon sistemi kurulmas\u0131 konusunda \u201cyard\u0131m\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ald\u0131m. Ancak Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n Moskova ve Tiflis ne der kayg\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanan karars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kahveci\u2019nin g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ANAP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesi nedeniyle bu proje ger\u00e7ekle\u015femedi. <\/i>(Kaderin \u015fu cilvesine bak\u0131n ki, 5 \u015eubat 1993\u2019de Adnan Kahveci, e\u015fi ve k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n trajik \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131smi tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldum. 5 \u015eubat 1993\u2019de Abhazya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sait Tark\u0131l ve Yazarlar Birli\u011fi Genel Sekreteri Rauf Bijnu ile temaslarda bulunmak \u00fczere geldi\u011fimiz Ankara\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fcyorduk; eski bir Suzuki 4 \u00e7eker i\u00e7inde, yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan TEM\u2019de a\u011f\u0131r aksak yol al\u0131yorduk. Yol tenhayd\u0131 ve Gerede\u2019ye 30-40 kilometre kala h\u0131zla bizi ge\u00e7en siyah Mercedes\u2019i k\u0131skanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. 20 dakika sonra Gerede \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde polis ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve amb\u00fclanslar aras\u0131nda o siyah Mercedes\u2019in hurdaya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f halini g\u00f6r\u00fcp halimize \u015f\u00fckretmi\u015ftik. Yar\u0131m saat sonra radyodan Kahveci\u2019nin Gerede\u2019de trafik kazas\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haberini dinliyordum. Ara\u00e7 o ara\u00e7t\u0131.)<\/p>\n Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n bitmeyen enerjisi ve gelece\u011fe dair b\u00fcy\u00fck umutlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Yine de, 1991 sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u015fartlar\u0131n giderek a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131 O\u2019nu da kayg\u0131land\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/b><\/p>\n Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n bitmeyen enerjisi ve gelece\u011fe dair b\u00fcy\u00fck umutlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Yine de 1991 sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u015fartlar\u0131n giderek a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131 O\u2019nu da kayg\u0131land\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcrcistan, Abhazya ve Acaristan \u00f6zerk cumhuriyetleri ile G\u00fcney Osetya \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgesi ile ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenleyen anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve federal yap\u0131daki 1978 anayasas\u0131n\u0131 feshederek, 1921 anayasas\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan y\u00f6netimine \u201cyeni d\u00f6nemde nas\u0131l bir siyasi-hukuki ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde olacaklar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d konu\u015fulaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talepleri yan\u0131ts\u0131z kal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Abhazya bu sanc\u0131l\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7erken G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da da i\u015fler kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Gamsakhurdia kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f, iktidar sava\u015f\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Tiflis ve Kutaisi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerinde sokak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n da karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131; farkl\u0131 etnik, sosyal ve siyasal klanlar aras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcresiye bir iktidar sava\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. En b\u00fcy\u00fck hesapla\u015fma, kendilerini \u201casil G\u00fcrc\u00fc\u201d sayan Kartveller ile \u201cG\u00fcrc\u00fcle\u015fmi\u015f\u201d Megreller (Lazlar) aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Abhazya Parlamentosu\u2019nda Abhaz ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Megrel vekiller aras\u0131nda uzun, sert ve sonu\u00e7suz tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Abhaz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve halk temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan kurulan, liderli\u011fini Sergey \u015eamba\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Aydg\u0131lara (Birlik) hareketi, siyaset \u00fczerinde bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Abhazya \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin y\u00f6netim modelinde (protokol\u00fcnde) en \u00fcst siyas\u0131 otorite parlamento ba\u015fkan\u0131yd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 (G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Megrel, Ermeni ve Rus) vard\u0131. Protokole g\u00f6re, Abhazya Parlamentosu 28’i Abhaz, 26\u2019s\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Megrel, 6’i Ermeni, 4\u2019\u00fc Rus ve 1\u2019i Rum olmak \u00fczere 65 milletvekilinden olu\u015fuyordu. Ba\u015fbakan ve Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019nun siyasi yetkisi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. Daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcndelik idari i\u015flerle ilgili yetkilere sahipti. Ba\u015fbakan G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Megrel, bir yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Abhaz, bir yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 da Ermeni idi. Di\u011fer bakanl\u0131klar da Abhaz, G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Megrel, Ermeni ve Rus\u2019lar aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri ve savunma bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 yoktu, bunlar Sovyetler\u2019in yetki alan\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu denli karma\u015f\u0131k ve hassas dengeler \u00fczerinde kurulu yap\u0131da karar almak ve i\u015f yapmak giderek imkans\u0131zla\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Yine sonu\u00e7suz kalan bir parlamento toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, acemili\u011fin \u00e7aresizli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda Ardz\u0131nba ile dertle\u015fiyorduk. Bana genellikle ya soyad\u0131mla ya da \u201cdan\u0131\u015fman\u201d diye hitap ederdi. <\/p>\n Liderlik mi, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck m\u00fc?<\/p>\n <\/b> Soruyordu, \u201cS\u00f6yle bakal\u0131m dan\u0131\u015fman, ne yapmal\u0131\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n S\u00f6z\u00fc doland\u0131rmad\u0131m, \u201cyetkileri tek elde toplamak gerek. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n art\u0131k parlamento ba\u015fkan\u0131na de\u011fil siyasi iradeyi \u00fcstlenecek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir lidere ihtiyac\u0131 var. Buna haz\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d<\/p>\n Soruyordu, \u201cBana diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck m\u00fc \u00f6neriyorsun\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n Cevap, \u201cdiktat\u00f6rl\u00fck de\u011fil, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc liderlik\u2026 Bunu siz \u00fcstlenmezseniz ba\u015fkas\u0131 talip olur\u201d.<\/p>\n H\u0131zl\u0131 ve keskin siyasi geli\u015fmeler ister istemez Ardz\u0131nba\u2019y\u0131 \u201clider\u201dliye itiyordu. \u0130lk ad\u0131m, y\u00f6netim protokollerini zorlayarak, yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi tek elde toplayacak fiili \u201cDevlet Konseyi\u201dnin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu ad\u0131m do\u011fald\u0131r ki parlamentodaki ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Megrel vekiller kazan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Abhaz, Ermeni, Rus ve Rum vekillerin deste\u011fi ile Ardz\u0131nba ipleri tek elde toplamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Megrel vekiller k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Parlamentodan \u00e7ekilerek, Turbaza Hotel\u2019de ayr\u0131 bir \u201cparlamento\u201d olu\u015fturdular. Safla\u015fma, G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Megrel halk\u0131n sokak g\u00f6sterileriyle destekleniyordu.<\/p>\n Abhazya ile birlikte G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019da da s\u0131cak geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fini kald\u0131rma giri\u015fimi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, Osetya Parlamentosu 1 Aral\u0131k 1991\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ederek kendi silahl\u0131 birliklerini kurmu\u015ftu. Gamsakhurdia\u2019n\u0131n \u201celi silah tutan t\u00fcm G\u00fcrc\u00fcler G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019ya\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 Rusya\u2019y\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve Rus ordu birlikleri G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019y\u0131 deste\u011fe gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lgedeki siyasi-askeri geli\u015fmeler Abhazya y\u00f6netiminin de \u00f6nceliklerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Gerginlik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fckleniyordu. \u0130ki kademeli bir strateji olu\u015fturuldu; (1) G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n askeri m\u00fcdahale hevesini k\u0131rmak, soruna g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aramak i\u00e7in G\u00fcrcistan Y\u00f6netimi\u2019ni ikna etmek, (2) olas\u0131 bir askeri m\u00fcdahaleye kar\u015f\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmak\u2026 Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafi konumu, tarihi, siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nereden destek aranaca\u011f\u0131 belliydi; Rusya ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2026 <\/p>\n 21 May\u0131s 1991\u2019de, karde\u015f Kafkas halklar\u0131 temsilcileri Abhazya\u2019ya destek i\u00e7in Sohum\u2019dayd\u0131. Gelenler aras\u0131nda en dikkat \u00e7ekici ki\u015fi, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, siyah f\u00f6tr \u015fapkas\u0131yla Cahar Dudayev\u2019di\u2026 Ve Dudayev Rusya\u2019ya meydan okuyordu\u2026<\/p>\n <\/b> Rusya Federasyonu ile ili\u015fkiler Federasyonda yer alan Karde\u015f Kafkas halklar\u0131 ve cumhuriyetlerinin de katk\u0131lar\u0131yla iyiydi. Ardz\u0131nba Moskova y\u00f6netimi ile ili\u015fkileri, S. Baburin gibi birka\u00e7 \u201cetkin\u201d siyaset\u00e7inin deste\u011fi ile geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na hemen m\u00fcdahale etmesi Abhazya\u2019da g\u00fcven yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu arada, Kuzey Kafkas Halklar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla 1989\u2019da kurulan Kafkas Halklar\u0131 Konfederasyonu, 1-2 Kas\u0131m 1991 tarihinde Sohum\u2019da toplanan genel kurulunda Abhazya\u2019ya \u201ctam destek\u201d karar\u0131na varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcney Rusya\u2019daki Kazaklar Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 desteklemek \u00fczere kalabal\u0131k bir heyet g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca Abhazya gibi G\u00fcrcistan ile ili\u015fkileri ask\u0131da bulunan Acaristan ve G\u00fcney Osetya y\u00f6netimleri ile \u201cortak tutum\u201d belirlemek \u00fczere temaslara ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1991\u2019in 21 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 (Kafkasya\u2019dan Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc) t\u00fcm karde\u015f Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131 Abhazya\u2019ya destek verdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6vde g\u00f6sterisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Adige\u2019den Kabardey-Balkar\u2019dan, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya\u2019ya, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019dan, Osetya\u2019dan, Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019dan y\u00fczlerce delege Sohum\u2019un eski liman\u0131ndaki \u201cMuhaceret An\u0131t\u0131\u201dnda bir araya gelmi\u015fti. Konu\u015fmac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda en fazla dikkat \u00e7eken siyah f\u00f6tr \u015fapkas\u0131yla Cahar Dudayev\u2019di. Sovyet Strateji Hava Kuvvetleri T\u00fcmen Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (T\u00fcmgeneral) g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve 27 Ekim 1991\u2019de \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 siyasi y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunuyordu. \u201cT\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin anas\u0131 olarak\u201d tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya meydan okuyan konu\u015fmas\u0131 kalabal\u0131k \u00fczerinde derin bir sessizlik yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (Yan\u0131mda duran Kafkas Halklar\u0131 Konfederasyonu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Genadi Alamia\u2019n\u0131n, \u201cBu adam Rusya\u2019ya ve Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 nefret dolu. Tanr\u0131 hepimizi bu nefretten korusun, Kafkasya\u2019ya kan ve g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 getirmesin\u201d diye kula\u011f\u0131ma f\u0131s\u0131lday\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcn gibi hat\u0131rlar\u0131m.)<\/p>\n 21 May\u0131s anmas\u0131 \u00e7ok dokunakl\u0131yd\u0131. Hava karard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00f6ren kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc sahile yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve her birinin elinde me\u015faleler, mumlar vard\u0131. Sahili ayd\u0131nlat\u0131yorlard\u0131, \u2018s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde giden karde\u015fleri d\u00f6nerse yolu bulabilsinler\u2019 diye. \u00c7\u0131plak ayaklar\u0131yla Karadeniz\u2019e dokunan Hibla Gerzmava (d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc soprano), \u201cDeniz karde\u015fimi geri ver\u201d diye ileniyordu. (Bu t\u00f6reni ayr\u0131ca yazaca\u011f\u0131m.)<\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 saflar\u0131 s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131 hararetli bir tempoda devam ediyordu. Ardz\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k Moskova\u2019ya gidiyor, Rusya ile ili\u015fkileri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Eksik olan T\u00fcrkiye ile y\u00f6netim d\u00fczeyinde ili\u015fki kurmak ve b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfusa sahip Abhaz-Adige diasporas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkileri daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hale getirmekti. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Ardz\u0131nba ve beraberinde \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir heyetin T\u00fcrkiye ziyareti, gerekli ve \u00f6ncelikli hale gelmi\u015fti. Bunda \u0131srarl\u0131yd\u0131m, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc olas\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada diasporan\u0131n deste\u011fini kazanmak \u00f6nemliydi. \u00d6te yandan bu ziyaretin \u00e7e\u015fitli riskler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da bilincindeydim. Rusya taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fildi. Zira ete-kemi\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flayan Rusya deste\u011fini, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan bir ad\u0131mla riske atmak ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olmazd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin resmi olarak Abhazya meselesini nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirsizdi ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir ziyaretin G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 elimizi zay\u0131flataca\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131. Arz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n da kafas\u0131nda ayn\u0131 sorular vard\u0131. Ben, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de temsil yetkisi verdi\u011fimiz 3\u2019l\u00fc (A. Ceyi\u015fakar, \u0130. Argun ve C. G\u00fcl) ile ziyaretin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 kotarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Ardz\u0131nba da Rusya\u2019n\u0131n nabz\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meye \u00e7abal\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da i\u00e7 sava\u015f sonunda 6 Ocak 1992\u2019de Gamsakhurdia devrildi, yerine \u201cBeyaz Tilki\u201d lakapl\u0131 Shevardnadze ge\u00e7ti. \u201cBeyaz Tilki\u201d selefini aratacak denli \u015fovendi\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da \u015fiddetlenen i\u00e7 sava\u015f iktidar\u0131n devrilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 6 Ocak 1992\u2019de Zviad Gamsakhurdia \u00fclkeyi terk etti ve \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Devirenlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Devlet Konseyi y\u00f6netime el koydu ve Devlet Konseyi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Moskova\u2019dan Eduard Shevardnadze davet edildi. \u201cBeyaz Tilki\u201d lakapl\u0131 Shevardnadze, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin son d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u015fleri bakan\u0131yd\u0131 ve Gorbachev ile birlikte \u201cSovyetleri y\u0131kan\u201d lider olarak Bat\u0131\u2019da y\u00fcksek krediye sahipti.<\/p>\n Shevardnadze\u2019nin geli\u015fi Abhazya\u2019da yalanc\u0131 bir umut yaratt\u0131. Gamsakhurdia gibi \u015foven ve sald\u0131rgan olmayaca\u011f\u0131, Abhazya ile ili\u015fkilerde \u201cak\u0131l yolu\u201dnu tercih edece\u011fi beklendi. Ancak k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede umutlar \u201cbo\u015f\u201da \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u201cBeyaz Tilki\u201d selefini aratacak denli \u201cdensiz\u201ddi\u2026<\/p>\n Shevardnadze\u2019nin Bat\u0131\u2019daki kredisi G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a ihtilafl\u0131 konuma ra\u011fmen Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019e ve AG\u0130T (Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131) gibi uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flara \u00fcyelik sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu \u00fcyeliklerle Abhazya, Acaristan ve G\u00fcney Osetya G\u00fcrcistan topra\u011f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Abhazya\u2019da gerilim t\u0131rman\u0131rken Haziran ortas\u0131nda G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019da sava\u015f patlak verdi. 18 Haziran 1992\u2019de G\u00fcrcistan birlikleri G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019ya sald\u0131rd\u0131. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi ile 4 Temmuz\u2019da ate\u015fkes imzalanarak g\u00fcvenlik koridoru olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n O hafta Ardz\u0131nba Moskova\u2019ya gitti. Be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye ziyaretini en k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yapmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bunu farkl\u0131 ihtimaller \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlad\u0131m; (1) Moskova\u2019dan umdu\u011funu bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, (2) Ruslar\u0131 k\u0131zd\u0131rmak pahas\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istiyordu, (3) Ruslara, \u201csiz destek vermezseniz ba\u015fka kap\u0131lar a\u00e7ar\u0131z\u201d mesaj\u0131 vererek etkilemek istiyordu, (4) Ruslar, T\u00fcrkiye ziyaretine onay vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u201cHangisi\u201d diye sordu\u011fumda \u201chepsi\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n 24-31 Temmuz tarihlerini belirledik. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 (Turgut \u00d6zal), Ba\u015fbakan (S\u00fcleyman Demirel), Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 (Erdal \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc) D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 (Hikmet \u00c7etin), Parlamento Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (H\u00fcsamettin Cindoruk), muhafete parti ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 (Mesut Y\u0131lmaz ve B\u00fclent Ecevit) ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri de hedefleyen bir program i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flad\u0131k. Elbette, diaspora ile \u015fa\u015fal\u0131 bir kucakla\u015fma ihmal edilmeyecekti. Ardz\u0131nba ile birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelecek heyet K. Ozgan (Parlamento D\u0131\u015f Ekonomik \u0130li\u015fkiler Komitesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131), G. Dopua (Enerji, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve Haberle\u015fme Bakan\u0131), N. \u00c7anba (K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakan\u0131), G. Alamia (Parlamenter, Kafkas Halklar\u0131 Konfederasyonu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131), A. Cergenia (Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6zel Temsilcisi ve Ba\u015fdan\u0131\u015fman\u0131) ve benden olu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n Abhazya, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00f6zde turizm merkezlerinden biriydi. 500 bin civar\u0131nda insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00fclkeye her y\u0131l 5 milyondan fazla turist gelirdi. Sovyetler\u2019in da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcreci Abhazya\u2019ya turist geli\u015fini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engellemi\u015fti. Gelen turist say\u0131s\u0131 1990\u2019da 1 milyona, 1991\u2019de 400 bine ve 1992\u2019de de y\u00fcz binin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n 1992\u2019de iyice t\u0131rmanan gerginlik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Abhazya\u2019da ya\u015fam giderek zorla\u015f\u0131yordu. Ruslar ve Rumlar Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 terk etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Korku ve karamsarl\u0131k kanser gibi yay\u0131l\u0131yordu. Korkuya meydan okumak \u00fczere bir \u015fey yapmak gerekiyordu. Ve \u00fcnl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131khava \u015fenli\u011fi b\u00f6yle ba\u015flad\u0131…<\/b><\/p>\n G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, o s\u0131ralarda Gagra, Pitsunda, Gudauta ve Sohum ve O\u00e7am\u00e7ira sahillerinde tatil yapanlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, yerli halk\u0131 da sindirmi\u015fti. Sohum\u2019da ya\u015fam giderek soluyordu, hava kararmadan kent ya\u015fam\u0131 duruyordu; insanlar sokaklardan \u00e7ekiliyor, evlerine kapan\u0131yordu. Sohum neredeyse \u00f6l\u00fc bir kent olmu\u015ftu. Rumlar\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019a, Ruslar\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Karamsarl\u0131k kanser gibi Sohum\u2019u rehin alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ben insanlar\u0131 sokaklarda tutmak i\u00e7in ne yapmak gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordum. Rotsa Oteli\u2019nin deniz taraf\u0131nda Ermeni Agop\u2019un i\u015fletti\u011fi cafe ve \u00e7evresinde haftada bir \u015fark\u0131l\u0131-dansl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava etkinli\u011fi d\u00fczenlemeye karar verdim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen \u00f6\u011frencilerin ve yak\u0131n dostlar\u0131m\u0131n deste\u011fi ile Haziran\u2019\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 Cuma \u00f6\u011fleden sonras\u0131 \u015fenlik ba\u015flad\u0131. M\u00fczik ve dans gruplar\u0131n\u0131n performanslar\u0131yla desteklenen bu m\u00fctevaz\u0131 \u015fenlik iki hafta i\u00e7inde, taa Gagra\u2019dan, Gudauta\u2019dan, O\u00e7am\u00e7ira ve Tkvar\u00e7al\u2019dan da insanlar\u0131n geldi\u011fi, binlerce ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, umut ve ya\u015fam\u0131n korku ve karamsarl\u0131\u011fa meydan okudu\u011fu bir karnavala d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Abhaz, Rus, Ermeni, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Rum \u015fark\u0131 ve danslara rap, vals, slow, tango eklendi… Sergiler, sokak tiyatrosu, mim g\u00f6sterileri, \u015fiir d\u00fcellolar\u0131 izledi. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131m o kadar etkili oldu ki, yazarlar, \u015fairler, ressamlar, parlamenterler, bakanlar icabet etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Herkes Cuma\u2019y\u0131 iple \u00e7eker oldu. Ardz\u0131nba da dayanamad\u0131, geldi, 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r ilk kez dans etti. Beni, \u201csen sihirbaz m\u0131s\u0131n\u201d diyerek kucaklad\u0131. Velhas\u0131l \u201cSezai\u2019nin Karnaval\u0131\u201d taa Nal\u00e7ik\u2019e, Maykop\u2019a, Moskova\u2019ya, Leningrad\u2019a kadar uzanan bir efsane oldu. O hafta karnaval varsa sava\u015f yok demekti. (Bu karnaval\u0131, Agop\u2019un cafesini, Agop\u2019u ve Ritsa Oteli\u2019ni ayr\u0131ca yazaca\u011f\u0131m.)<\/p>\n Sava\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131yordu ve Ardz\u0131nba, \u201cSava\u015ftan \u00e7ok, sonras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. G\u00fcrc\u00fcler bizi yenemez ama bu sava\u015fta en de\u011ferli insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kaybedece\u011fiz. Zaten n\u00fcfusumuz az ve geride kalanlarla toparlanmam\u0131z kolay olmayacak\u201d diyordu. Bu dokunakl\u0131 s\u00f6zler bana, tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131mda politikan\u0131n acemisi olan Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n art\u0131k halk\u0131n\u0131n kaderine h\u00fckmeden bir lidere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131…<\/b><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geli\u015fimizden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n ofisinde haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7iriyorduk. Yorgundu, gergin ve tedirgindi. Aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131, geni\u015f pencerelerden eski limana, dev okalipt\u00fcs a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan Karadeniz\u2019in mavili\u011fine uzun uzun bakt\u0131. Sesi titriyordu, \u201cBiliyorsun \u015eevardnadze t\u00fcm \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme taleplerimizi reddediyor. Bug\u00fcn bir kez daha telefonla ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmedi, yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7amak cevaplar verdi. Art\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131m\u0131zda oldu\u011funu hissediyorum. Bu, her bak\u0131mdan haks\u0131z bir sava\u015f olacak. G\u00fcrcistan h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131, u\u011fursuzu, narkoman\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze salacak, biz ise tam tersine en iyi, en nitelikli gen\u00e7lerimizle kendimizi savunaca\u011f\u0131z. Sava\u015f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 burada. Bizi yenmeleri, Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Tarihte hi\u00e7bir g\u00fc\u00e7 Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iremedi. G\u00fcrc\u00fcler de bunu yapamayacak. Ancak en de\u011ferli insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kaybedece\u011fiz. Sava\u015f\u0131n kendisinden \u00e7ok sonras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Zaten n\u00fcfusumuz az ve geride kalanlarla yeniden toparlanmak hi\u00e7 de kolay olmayacak\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Bu dokunakl\u0131 konu\u015fma bana, tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131mda politikan\u0131n acemisi olan Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n art\u0131k halk\u0131n\u0131n kaderine h\u00fckmeden bir lidere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Konu\u015fma dramatikti ama benim a\u00e7\u0131mdan g\u00fcven vericiydi. O\u2019nu teselli edecek hi\u00e7bir s\u00f6z yoktu. Sadece, bu konu\u015fman\u0131n kendisine olan inanc\u0131m\u0131 ve sayg\u0131m\u0131 peki\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemekle yetindim.<\/p>\n Tekrar masas\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve \u00f6n\u00fcndeki dosyalara bakarak, \u201c\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki parlamento toplant\u0131s\u0131nda egemenlik meselesini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fece\u011fiz ve karar alaca\u011f\u0131z. Zira art\u0131k G\u00fcrcistan Parlamentosu\u2019nun ve G\u00fcrcistan Devlet Konseyi\u2019nin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar sonucunda bizim G\u00fcrcistan\u2019la hi\u00e7bir hukuki ili\u015fkimiz kalmad\u0131. Bu durumda biz de kendi yolumuzu belirlemek durumunday\u0131z.\u201d diye devam etti.<\/p>\n \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki parlamento toplant\u0131s\u0131 23 Temmuz Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc (1992) yap\u0131lacakt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye ziyareti ise 24 Temmuz Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n \u201cBu durumda T\u00fcrkiye ziyaretini erteleyecek miyiz ya da siz gelmeyecek misiniz\u201d diye sordum. Zira egemenlik karar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131 k\u0131zd\u0131raca\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca hemen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gitmenin Rusya taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l alg\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131 da belli de\u011fildi. Haydi, bunlar\u0131 bir tarafa b\u0131rakt\u0131k, bu denli kritik bir karar sonras\u0131 bir numaral\u0131 liderin \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na gitmesinin halk taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeliydi. Bunlar\u0131 sordum. G\u00fcl\u00fcmsedi. \u201cHepsini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ziyaret program\u0131 \u015fimdilik aynen devam edecek\u201d dedi. Biraz daha \u00fcsteledim. Zira T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den (y\u00f6netimden ve diasporadan) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan y\u00fcksek bir beklenti i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131ndan korkuyordum. T\u00fcrkiye ziyaretinin \u00f6nemi ve beklentiler konusunda hep \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc ve temkinli de\u011ferlendirmeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu kritik d\u00f6nemde, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolunda at\u0131lacak en \u00f6nemli ve bir o kadar da tehlikeli bir ad\u0131mdan hemen sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gitmekle beklenti \u00e7\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok mu y\u00fckseltiyorduk? Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hedeflenen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin \u00e7ok gerisinde bir ziyaret program\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, Ba\u015fbakan, Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme hen\u00fcz konfirme edilmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u201cBunlar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki g\u00fcnler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ve de\u011ferlendirmeye devam ederiz\u201d dedi. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve de\u011ferlendirme son ana kadar devam etti.<\/p>\n 23 Temmuz 1992\u2019de Abhazya Parlamentosu \u201cegemenlik\u201d karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Parlamento ve \u00e7evresinde toplanan co\u015fkulu kalabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yolunda at\u0131lan bu ad\u0131m\u0131 kutluyordu. Muhte\u015fem bir g\u00fcnd\u00fc ve \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Abhazya\u2019ya gelen gazeteci dostum Naz\u0131m Alpman (Milliyet\u2019ten) tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu bu an\u0131, \u201cilk kez bir devletin do\u011fu\u015funa, kurulu\u015funa \u015fahit oldum, inan\u0131lmaz\u201d diye \u00f6zetliyordu.<\/b><\/p>\n 23 Temmuz sabah\u0131, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n hemen her b\u00f6lgesinden gelen binlerce insan Parlamento binas\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda co\u015fkulu bir kalabal\u0131k olu\u015fturdu. Sloganlarla, bayraklarla, pankartlarla, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle, \u015fiirlerle, \u015fark\u0131larla Parlamento\u2019ya destek veriyorlard\u0131. Tam bir bayramd\u0131. Saat 15:00 sular\u0131nda Parlamento oybirli\u011fi ile (Abhaz, Rus, Ermeni ve Rum vekillerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n oyu ile) Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n egemenlik karar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 ve ilan etti. Egemenli\u011fin simgesi olarak bayrak ve devlet armas\u0131 kabul edildi, milli mar\u015f i\u00e7in karar al\u0131nd\u0131. Muhte\u015fem bir g\u00fcnd\u00fc ve \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Abhazya\u2019ya gelen gazeteci dostum Naz\u0131m Alpman (Milliyet\u2019ten) tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu bu an\u0131, \u201cilk kez bir devletin do\u011fu\u015funa, kurulu\u015funa \u015fahit oldum, inan\u0131lmaz\u201d diye \u00f6zetliyordu. <\/i>(Naz\u0131m Alpman, bir haftal\u0131k Abhazya ziyaretini Milliyet\u2019te kapsaml\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 dizisi ile milyonlara aktarm\u0131\u015f, Abhazlar\u0131n \u201cTanr\u0131 t\u00fcm halklar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr, mutlu ve m\u00fcreffeh k\u0131ls\u0131n, Abhazlar\u0131 da unutmas\u0131n\u201d duas\u0131na uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcn kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum.)<\/p>\n \u201cEgemenlik Bayram\u0131\u201dn\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcmden at\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ziyaret i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek (g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde masaya konacak tan\u0131t\u0131m ve proje dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak ve ziyaret program\u0131na son \u015feklini vermek) \u00fczere ofise ge\u00e7mi\u015ftim. Saat 19:00 sular\u0131 Ardz\u0131nda kap\u0131dan ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 uzatt\u0131, \u201cgidiyoruz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n 24 Temmuz Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 10:15\u2019de, bizi So\u00e7i\u2019den \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirecek u\u00e7ak havaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hepimizi i\u00e7in i\u00e7in kemiren \u201cRusya veya G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Rusya\u2019daki eli T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gidi\u015fimizi engeller mi\u201d tedirginli\u011fi yerini \u201ci\u015fler yolunda\u201d rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131. Ardz\u0131nba\u00a0 ve beraberindekiler, \u00fclkelerini temsilen, Rusya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00fclkeye ilk kez gidiyordu. Ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Abhaz-Adige diasporas\u0131 ilk kez anavatandan bu d\u00fczeyde bir heyeti kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131. Yeterince heyecan vericiydi. Ve 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ziyaretin her an\u0131 heyecan dolu ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n Resmi-gayr\u0131 resmi t\u00fcm g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin Abhazca yap\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda mutabakata varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ve terc\u00fcme i\u015fi bana d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. Abhazca\u2019ya o denli hakim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6yleyince, Ardz\u0131nba, \u201cAbhazca\u2019ya de\u011filse de Abhazya\u2019ya hakimsin. Benim de Abhazca\u2019m iyi de\u011fil. Senden, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fimi de\u011fil ne s\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fimi anlatman\u0131 istiyorum\u201d diyerek \u00f6zg\u00fcvenimi y\u00fckseltti.<\/p>\n Gezi ufak tefek aksiliklerle ba\u015flad\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk Havaalan\u0131\u2019nda bizi kar\u015f\u0131layacak ekip yanl\u0131\u015f u\u00e7a\u011fa gitmi\u015f, \u00e7aresiz pasaport kontrol\u00fcne vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bizi bulabilmi\u015fti. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise kim hangi araca binecek karga\u015fas\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Hesapta olmayan bir oldu-bitti ile y\u00fcz y\u00fczeydik; kar\u015f\u0131lama ekibinde Tar\u0131k \u00dcmit de vard\u0131 ve Ardz\u0131nda ile ben apar topar T. \u00dcmit\u2019in arac\u0131na bindirildik. T\u00fcrkiye ziyaretinin \u201cderin devlet\u201d ve \u201cmafya\u201d ile \u015faibele\u015fmesi iyiye alamet de\u011fildi. Bu, pimi \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bir bomban\u0131n kuca\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi bir \u015feydi. T. \u00dcmit Ardz\u0131nba ile ayn\u0131 s\u00fclaledendi. Temsilcilerle birlikte daha \u00f6nce Abhazya\u2019ya gelmi\u015f, \u201cili\u015fki a\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcc\u00fc ve becerisi\u201d konusunda Ardz\u0131nba\u2019y\u0131 etkilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T. \u00dcmit konusunda temsilciler aras\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131. Ancak bask\u0131n ve ele avuca s\u0131\u011fmaz bir karakter oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kimse ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yordu. Ardz\u0131nba\u2019y\u0131 akrabas\u0131ndan uzak durmas\u0131 konusunda ikna etmem o kadar kolay olmad\u0131. Hi\u00e7 de\u011filse bu ili\u015fkinin \u201c\u00f6zel\u201d kalmas\u0131n\u0131, resmi ve a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde yer almamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabildim. <\/p>\n Ardz\u0131nba ve heyeti T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deyken, Ba\u015fbakan S\u00fcleyman Demirel ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Hikmet \u00c7etin Tiflis\u2019e giderek \u015eevardnadze ile anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131lar. Bu, \u015eevardnadze\u2019ye \u201cAbhazya\u2019ya sald\u0131r, destekliyoruz\u201d demekti. Belle\u011fimize, \u201carkadan han\u00e7erlendik\u201d olarak kaz\u0131nd\u0131…<\/b><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ekibimiz h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fczeyinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ayarlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n mevkida\u015f\u0131 TBMM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 H\u00fcsamettin Cindoruk ile Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015fa\u015fal\u0131 ortam\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, Cindoruk\u2019un babacan ve insan\u0131 rahatlatan kabul\u00fc ile hepimizi motive etmi\u015fti. \u0130yi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeydi. Akabinde Adapazar\u0131\u2019ndaki diaspora ile b\u00fcy\u00fck kucakla\u015fma, Ardz\u0131nba\u2019ya \u201ciyi ki geldik\u201d dedirtecek cinstendi. \u0130stanbul\u2019daki bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131, r\u00f6portajlar, protokol yemekleri, \u0130TO ziyareti, Ankara\u2019da An\u0131tkabir\u2019i ziyaret ve \u00f6zel protokol defterine tarihte ilk kez Abhazca yazmak hepimizi kanatland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (An\u0131tkabir ziyaretimiz g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011ferdi. Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 ziyaret protokol\u00fc uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Aslanl\u0131 Kap\u0131\u2019da t\u00f6ren-protokol amiri (albay) taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6nde Ardz\u0131nba arkada 30-40 ki\u015filik Apsua-Dzohua heyeti a\u011f\u0131r ad\u0131mlarla An\u0131tkabir\u2019e y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, iki askerin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7elengin Ardz\u0131nba eliyle mozolenin \u00f6n\u00fcne konulmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda An\u0131tkabir \u00f6zel defterinin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u00f6renine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. Bir g\u00fcn \u00f6ncesinden Ardz\u0131nba ile deftere yaz\u0131lacak metin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Abhazca olarak bir paragrafl\u0131k \u00f6zl\u00fc bir metin olu\u015fturmu\u015ftuk. Protokol\u00fcn kendisini \u00e7ok heyecanland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, defteri yazarken tuttu\u011fu kolumu morart\u0131rcas\u0131na s\u0131kmas\u0131ndan anlayabiliyordum. Yaz\u0131 bitip d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yoluna koyuldu\u011fumuzda hala kolumu s\u0131k\u0131yordu; y\u00fcz\u00fc terlemi\u015f ve i\u00e7in i\u00e7ini yiyordu. Kula\u011f\u0131ma \u201ckahretsin unuttum, bir s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eksik yazd\u0131m\u201d, dedi. Ben de, \u00f6nemli olan\u0131n o deftere Abhazca yazmak oldu\u011funu, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir eksikli\u011fi dert etmemek gerekti\u011fini belirterek biraz yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u00d6yle ya, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en y\u00fcksek protokol\u00fcnde yerimizi alm\u0131\u015f, hem Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n hem Abhazca’n\u0131n resmi kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.)<\/p>\n TBMM\u2019de, Meclis\u2019te grubu bulunan siyasi parti y\u00f6neticileriyle seri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerimiz de iyi gitmi\u015fti. Hele DSP grubunda Genel Ba\u015fkan B\u00fclent Ecevit ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemiz \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ve samimi ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. (Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin ilgin\u00e7 detay\u0131n\u0131 da sizlerle payla\u015fmak isterim: Refah Partisi grubundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemizin bitimi ile DSP grubu ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemiz aras\u0131nda 15 dakika kadar zaman vard\u0131. Ekibin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc koridordaki tuvaletlere y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcm\u00fczde Ardz\u0131nba ile birlikte biraz arkadakiler bekleyerek a\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fcyorduk. Rahmetli Ecevit gelmekte oldu\u011fumuzu duyunca koridora \u00e7\u0131karak bizi kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131 ve arkadakileri bekleyemeden toplant\u0131 odas\u0131na ge\u00e7tik. Tokala\u015fma ve tan\u0131\u015fma fasl\u0131ndan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck toplant\u0131 masas\u0131na oturduk. Ecevit t\u00fcm nezaketi ile \u201cho\u015f geldiniz\u201d konu\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. 3-5 saniye sonra kap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131, heyetten bir-iki ki\u015fi daha i\u00e7eri girdi, Ecevit yerinden kalk\u0131p onlar\u0131 kap\u0131da kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131, yerlerine oturttu, konu\u015fmas\u0131na devam etti. Derken kap\u0131 bir kez daha \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131, yine ayn\u0131 seremoni, tekrar konu\u015fma, tekrar kap\u0131… Ardz\u0131nba bu duruma \u00e7ok k\u0131zm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bana d\u00f6nd\u00fc, \u201cvara\u201d dedi, \u201cpatlayas\u0131calar, ya toplan\u0131p birlikte girseler ya da koridorda bekleseler ya!\u201d… Abs\u00fcrd ancak insani bir durumdu. Neyse ki Ecevit\u2019in nezaketi ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc ile sonras\u0131 iyi ge\u00e7ti. Ecevit, kendisine verilen \u00f6zet bilgiyi dikkatle dinledi, yetinmeyip sorular sordu. Tam g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme bitecekken G. Alamia Ecevit\u2019i \u015fair olarak bildi\u011fini, \u015fiirlerini Rus\u00e7a \u00e7evirilerinden okudu\u011funu ve \u00e7ok etkilendi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ecevit memnundu, birka\u00e7 imzal\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 Gena\u2019ya verdi. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, Abhazya\u2019da sava\u015f ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz Ecevit\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile bir kez daha anlayacakt\u0131k. Ecevit, 19 A\u011fustos tarihli a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Abhazya\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin vebali oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtecekti.)<\/p>\n Ancak, ANAP (d\u00f6nemin ana muhalefet partisiydi) Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mesut Y\u0131lmaz\u2019la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, dipten dibe nas\u0131l bir blokajla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuzu anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Y\u0131lmaz\u2019\u0131n, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendisine Abhazya heyeti ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemesi konusunda telkinde bulundu\u011funu ancak bunu kabul etmedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti\u2019nin Abhazya\u2019ya olumsuz bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u015fifre etti. Bununla kalsa iyiydi, bizim heyet hen\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deyken Ba\u015fbakan (S. Demirel) ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 (H. \u00c7etin) ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere randevu beklerken her iki zat 30 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc Tiflis\u2019e giderek G\u00fcrcistan\u2019la -Abhazya, Acaristan ve G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019y\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan \u00fcniter devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 onaylayan- anla\u015fmalar yapt\u0131lar. Televizyondan, Demirel\u2019in Tiflis Havaalan\u0131\u2019nda, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ile G\u00fcrcistan aras\u0131nda yepyeni ve s\u0131cak bir ili\u015fkinin kurulmakta oldu\u011funu\u201d ila edi\u015fini izledik. Demirel-\u015eevardnadze kucakla\u015fmas\u0131 ve taraflar aras\u0131nda imzalanan 6 ayr\u0131 anla\u015fma… (Muhtemeldir ki, \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin iki hafta sonra Abhazya\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131 karar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu deste\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 vard\u0131r.) Hepimiz \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratan bu durum, bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun belle\u011fine \u201carkadan han\u00e7erlendik\u201d olarak kaz\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n Ardz\u0131nba ve heyeti diaspora ile kucakla\u015fman\u0131n heyecan\u0131 ve T.C. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin tecridinin hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Ben de onlarla geri d\u00f6necektim. Son g\u00fcn ak\u015fam odas\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. \u201cBurda kalmal\u0131s\u0131n. En az\u0131ndan 1-2 hafta kalmal\u0131 ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin takip\u00e7isi olmal\u0131s\u0131n.\u201d dedi. \u0130tiraz ettim, \u201cYa sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131karsa\u201d. \u201c\u0130yi ya\u201d dedi. \u201cSava\u015f \u00e7\u0131karsa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok i\u015f var\u201d… Ve \u00e7antas\u0131ndan kal\u0131nca bir zarf \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, \u201cAl, burada biraz para var. Senindir. Bir s\u00fcre buradaki masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar\u201d. Olmazlanmalar\u0131m i\u015fe yaramad\u0131. \u00dcsteledi, \u201cmaa\u015f olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u201d dedi. Zarf\u0131 \u00e7antama koydum.<\/p>\n Ertesi g\u00fcn, heyeti yolcu ettikten sonra evde zarf\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131m, \u00e7o\u011fu 5\u2019lik, 10\u2019luk toplam 2.280 dolar vard\u0131. Bu paray\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcl rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kabul edebilir ve harcayabilirdim. (Zira bu gezinin yol ve konaklama masraflar\u0131 hari\u00e7, Abhazya\u2019da bulundu\u011fum bir y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir t\u00fcm masraflar\u0131m\u0131 kendim kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.) <\/i> Ancak paran\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck banknotlardan olu\u015fmas\u0131, bir anda, bunun Sohum g\u00fcmr\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden giri\u015f yapanlardan al\u0131nan 10 Dolar\u2019l\u0131k vize paralar\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlamam\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Daha do\u011frusu, b\u00f6yle olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrtt\u00fc. Pratik bir hesapla 228 ki\u015fiden toplanan 2 bin 280 Dolar. Eh, bu da makuld\u00fc; g\u00fcmr\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131lal\u0131 8 ay olmu\u015ftu ve bu yolla Abhazya\u2019ya ancak bu kadar insan giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu bir anlamda Abhazya\u2019ya resmi olarak gelen d\u00f6vizin toplam\u0131 idi. Ardz\u0131nda, bu paray\u0131 heyetin yollu\u011fu olarak yan\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f, ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki t\u00fcm masraflar ev sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu yegane d\u00f6viz ellerimdeydi. Y\u00fcz\u00fcmde ac\u0131 bir tebess\u00fcm, ilk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemizde Ardz\u0131nba\u2019ya iade etmek \u00fczere paralar\u0131 zarf\u0131na koydum ve bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme 12 Ekim 1992\u2019de Lihni\u2019da oldu. Zarf\u0131 uzatt\u0131m, \u201cAbhazya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6viz rezervini \u00e7ar\u00e7ur edemezdim\u201d dedim. Bunu nas\u0131l anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 sordu. Sadece g\u00fcl\u00fcmsedim… <\/p>\n 14 A\u011fustos\u2019ta G\u00fcrcistan ordu birlikleri Sohum\u2019a dayand\u0131. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 Sohum\u2019u teslim almak ve Abhazya y\u00f6netimini la\u011fvetmekti. Abhazlar\u0131n elinde silah yoktu, cephane yoktu. Ama direnmek i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan iki \u015fey vard\u0131: Kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve cesaret…<\/b><\/p>\n Ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n talimat\u0131yla \u201cyapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin\u201d takibi, camia ile ve bas\u0131nla ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirmekle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken ve 17 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Abhazya\u2019ya d\u00f6nmek \u00fczere haz\u0131rl\u0131k yaparken, 14 A\u011fustos Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc, G\u00fcrcistan Abhazya\u2019ya sald\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcrc\u00fc askeri birlikleri ellerini-kollar\u0131n\u0131 sallayarak Gal, O\u00e7am\u00e7ira ve Gulr\u0131p\u015f\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f, Sohum\u2019a \u2013KrasnyMost (K\u0131z\u0131l K\u00f6pr\u00fc)- kadar kolayca gelebilmi\u015fti. (Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n, Sohum, O\u00e7am\u00e7ira ve Gudauta\u2019daki Rus askeri k\u0131\u015flalar\u0131ndan edinilmi\u015f birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz hafif silahla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck milis-gerilla grubu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktu. Yine de, G\u00fcrc\u00fc birliklerinin Sohum\u2019a kadar hi\u00e7 silah patlamadan nas\u0131l kolayca gelebildi\u011fi, halen sorgulanmaktad\u0131r.) Ge\u00e7 saatlere kadar taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Abhazya G\u00fcrc\u00fc kuvvetlerinin \u00e7ekilmesini, G\u00fcrcistan ise Sohum\u2019un teslim edilmesini istiyordu. Taraflar birbirine 24:00\u2019e kadar s\u00fcre vermi\u015fti ve gece yar\u0131s\u0131 Krasny Most\u2019ta (K\u0131z\u0131l K\u00f6pr\u00fc) silah sesleri duyuldu. B\u00f6ylece, 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1993\u2019 kadar (410 g\u00fcn) s\u00fcrecek olan sava\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Ardz\u0131nda ve Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netim kadrolar\u0131 o gece Gudauta\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n c\u0131l\u0131z direni\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 denizden ve havadan desteklenen G\u00fcrc\u00fc birlikleri 15 A\u011fustos ak\u015fam\u0131 Sohum\u2019u b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. G\u00fcrcistan Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n Rusya ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kesmek \u00fczere Gagra\u2019ya da \u00e7\u0131kartma yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gal ve O\u00e7am\u00e7ira ile birlikte, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n hemen hemen yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, iki g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n elinde silah yoktu, cephane yoktu. Ama direnmek i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan iki temel \u015fey vard\u0131: Kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve cesaret…<\/p>\n Abhazya’n\u0131n 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1993’de G\u00fcrcistan’a kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferin 15. y\u0131l\u0131 kutlamalar\u0131, Abhazya’n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci ile birle\u015ferek muhte\u015fem bir bayrama d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Bu bayrama, Abhazya’n\u0131n Dostlar\u0131 ile Kafkas Dernekleri Federasyonu’nun ortak organizasyonu ile kat\u0131ld\u0131k. Abhazya i\u00e7in tek y\u00fcrek olduk; sava\u015f\u0131 hat\u0131rlad\u0131k, kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 and\u0131k, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tatt\u0131k, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kutlad\u0131k ve gelece\u011fi birlikte kurmak i\u00e7in umudumuzu y\u00fckselttik. Kat\u0131lan herkesi kutluyorum.<\/p>\n AD. Sezai Babaku\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n Abhazya’n\u0131n gururuna, onuruna ve sevincine ortak olan \u00fczere Abhazya’n\u0131n Dostlar\u0131 ve Kafkas Dernekleri Federasyonu’nun organize etti\u011fi ilk grup 24 Eyl\u00fcl’de, ikinci grup 26 Eyl\u00fcl’de, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grup ise 29 Eyl\u00fcl’de Abhazya’ya ula\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, K\u0131br\u0131s, Suriye, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, \u00e7e\u015fitli Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ve Kuzey Kafkasya’dan gelen kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zla birlikte say\u0131m\u0131z 150’yi a\u015ft\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, Kafkas-Abhazya Dayan\u0131\u015fma Komitesi’nin organize etti\u011fi (yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 ki\u015fi) ve kendi ba\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131lanlarla diasporadan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 300’den fazlayd\u0131.\u00a0Ba\u015fta Rusya Federasyonu ve Kuzey Kafkasya cumhuriyetlerinden gelen delegeler olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinden binlerce Abhazya destek\u00e7isi, Abhazya halk\u0131 ile omuz omuza bir arada idi. 30 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015fkent Sohum’da yap\u0131lan zafer kutlamalar\u0131na 100 binden fazla insan kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130nsanlar g\u00fclen-sevinen y\u00fczler ve \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6zlerle\u00a0birbirine sar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kucakla\u015fma ge\u00e7mi\u015f i\u00e7indi, bu kucakla\u015fma \u015fimdi ve gelecek i\u00e7indi. Abhazya Abhazya olal\u0131, Kafkasya Kafkasya olal\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir g\u00fcn ya\u015famad\u0131. Sevincimiz daim olsun…<\/p>\n So\u00e7i Havaalan\u0131\u00a0ve Pso S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey yok…<\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya’n\u0131n tatil cenneti So\u00e7i’deki ‘uluslararas\u0131’ havaalan\u0131 ilk g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm 19 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin ayn\u0131s\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f. Hizmet binalar\u0131n\u0131n ve ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi ve eskili\u011fi, personelin as\u0131k surat\u0131, usand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele vs. aynen devam ediyor. Rusya’n\u0131n Moskova, St. Peterburg gibi Bat\u0131’ya yak\u0131n giri\u015f kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n aksine So\u00e7i, hem yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 hem kendi yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bezdiriyor. Umal\u0131m k\u0131\u015f olimpiyatlar\u0131 vesilesi ile \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llar daha modern ve g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc bir havaalan\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n Bizi ilgilendiren as\u0131l nokta, Pso nehri \u00fczerindeki Rusya-Abhazya s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131. Art\u0131k ‘pes’ demek gerekiyor. 1995’de Abhazya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan a\u011f\u0131r\u0131 ambargo ile s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131, ayn\u0131 sinir bozuculu\u011funu koruyor. Elde bagaj y\u00fczlerce metre y\u00fcr\u00fcmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lman\u0131z, saatler s\u00fcren bekletilmeleriniz, insan yerine konulmaman\u0131z. Bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc uygulama sadece bizim i\u00e7in de\u011fil, giren \u00e7\u0131kan Rus, Abhaz herkes i\u00e7in. Biz Abhazya’ya girerken Abhazya’dan Rusya’ya ge\u00e7en Rusya’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen politikac\u0131lar\u0131ndan (parti ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve milletvekili) Jirinovski’de ancak arac\u0131 aranarak, kimlik kontrollerinden ve az da olsa bekletilmelerden nasibini al\u0131yordu. Velhas\u0131l Pso, herkes i\u00e7in daralt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir g\u00f6mlekti. Rusya’n\u0131n en s\u0131k\u0131 kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biriydi. Neyse ki, sevindirici haber (Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bagap\u015f ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u015eamba s\u00f6yledi) Rusya-Abhazya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde, s\u00f6z konusu s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde gev\u015fetilmesi karar\u0131na var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Yerine, \u0130ngur \u00fczerindeki Abhazya-G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Eh, s\u0131k\u0131 m\u0131k\u0131, sonras\u0131 Abhazya… Herkes mutlu, g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc, co\u015fkulu… Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar (12 g\u00fcn) keyifler yerinde. Sonra yeniden\u00a0eziyetli s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve So\u00e7i havaalan\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131… Ne yapal\u0131m, ‘g\u00fcl\u00fc seven dikenine katlan\u0131r’… \u00dcmidimiz, biran \u00f6nce (denizden ve havadan)\u00a0do\u011frudan Abhazya’ya gidip gelebilme imkan\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131. Trabzon-Sohum aras\u0131nda yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131 deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir-iki aya kadar, \u0130stanbul-Sohum hava ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki yaza kadar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 dile\u011fi ile… (Bagap\u015f ve \u015eamba her iki yol i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.)<\/p>\n Abhazya’da b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fim…<\/strong><\/p>\n 1989’da ba\u015flay\u0131p giderek koyula\u015fan Abhazya ile ili\u015fkilerim 1997’den sonra seyrelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, en son 2003’de Abhazya’da bulunmu\u015ftum. Bu 19 y\u0131ll\u0131k zaman i\u00e7inde ilk kez insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerinin i\u00e7inin g\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, korku, kayg\u0131 ve tedirginli\u011fin silindi\u011fini yerini umudun ve g\u00fcvenin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bu muhte\u015fem de\u011fi\u015fimi sevin\u00e7 g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131m. Bulundu\u011fum 12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrede 500’den fazla tan\u0131d\u0131kla kucakla\u015ft\u0131k, birbirimize “ba\u015fard\u0131k” diye sar\u0131ld\u0131k.\u00a0Evet, ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ne yalan s\u00f6yleyeyim, bu ba\u015far\u0131ya katt\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan kat kat fazlas\u0131yla gurur pay\u0131 ald\u0131m… Bu, i\u015fin bir yan\u0131.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer yan\u0131 ise, s\u0131n\u0131rdan itibaren yenilenmeye ba\u015flanan yol (\u015fimdilik Gagra-Gudauta aras\u0131na kadar ve daha sonra Sohum’a girerken), h\u0131zla tamir-bak\u0131mdan ge\u00e7irilmeye ba\u015flanan binalar, a\u00e7\u0131lan yeni yerler… Velhas\u0131l, ya\u015fam h\u0131zla normalle\u015fmeye ve canlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Bu da y\u0131llard\u0131r devam eden G\u00fcrcistan tehdidinin ve yeniden sava\u015f ihtimalinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131n mutlak sonucu. Art\u0131k Abhazya ay be ay, y\u0131l be y\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fecek; canlanacak ve geli\u015fecek… Abhazya ile Rusya aras\u0131nda imzalanan “Dostluk ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131”na g\u00f6re, Rusya Abhazya’ya (2 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde) altyap\u0131 yenileme ve geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in 10 milyar Ruble (yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 milyon USD) yard\u0131mda (hibe) bulunacak. Yollar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, okullar, hastaneler, kamu binalar\u0131, enerji nakil hatlar\u0131 vs. yenilenecek.<\/p>\n \u0130llaki Sohum…<\/strong><\/p>\n Gagra, Pitsunda, Gudauta, Novy Aphon canlanm\u0131\u015f, ayaklanm\u0131\u015f. Ne g\u00fczel. Ancak benim g\u00f6zde \u015fehrim Sohum’dur. \u0130llaki Sohum… Yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a heyecan\u0131m, co\u015fkum artt\u0131. Ak\u015fam ge\u00e7 saatlerde ge\u00e7tik Sohum’dan ve grubun kalaca\u011f\u0131 K\u0131nd\u0131h’a (Sohum-O\u00e7amcira aras\u0131nda) Ofkaliptnaya Ro\u015f\u015fa (Okaliptus Bah\u00e7esi) tatil k\u00f6y\u00fcne ula\u015ft\u0131k. \u0130lk kez T\u00fcrkiye’den gelen bir heyet O\u00e7am\u00e7ira taraf\u0131nda konakl\u0131yordu. O\u00e7am\u00e7ira ve daha i\u00e7erde yer alan Tkvar\u00e7al hen\u00fcz Pso’dan Sohum’a kadar olan b\u00f6lge gibi canlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sava\u015fta en fazla tahrib olan, n\u00fcfusu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Sohum, Gudauta, Gagra’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden kentlerdi. S\u00f6z yerindeyse, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu’su gibi, \u015fimdilik daha geri kalm\u0131\u015f yerlerdi. Neyse, 100 ki\u015fiyi a\u015fan kafilemizle oralar\u0131 da biraz \u015fenlendirdik.<\/p>\n 3-4 saatlik uyguyla (illaki Sohum sendromu) ertesi g\u00fcn erkenden Sohum’a d\u00f6nd\u00fck. Hakl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f\u0131m. Makyaj yapm\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011finde bekliyordu. Sohum’u kucaklad\u0131m. Sohum beni kucaklad\u0131. Kent merkezi \u0131\u015f\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131l, muhte\u015fem olmu\u015f. “Piyasa caddesi” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fim sahil d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, \u0131\u015f\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, keyiflenmi\u015f. 1991-1992 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 2 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m Ritsa Oteli bakmaya k\u0131y\u0131lamayacak g\u00fczellikte yenilenmi\u015f. 2 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m suit odan\u0131n (i\u00e7 i\u00e7e iki oda) gecelik fiyat\u0131 7 bin 800 Ruble’ye (yakla\u015f\u0131k 320 USD) \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Bu kez olmad\u0131 ama bir dahaki gidi\u015fime kadar para biriktirece\u011fim, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse 1 gece, ba\u015farabilirsem bir hafta keyfini \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131m…<\/p>\n Ritsa’n\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli restaurantlar, cafeler a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; Abhaz mutfa\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131nda d\u00fcnya mutfaklar\u0131ndan lezzetler sunan… Bir de, do\u011frusu \u0130stanbul’da bile g\u00f6remeyece\u011finiz kalitede, ayn\u0131 anda 15-20 ki\u015finin faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0bir internet cafe var ki, g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer. Ritsa’n\u0131n denize bakan taraf\u0131ndaki me\u015fhur Agop’un cafesi, o da eski sala\u015f halinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, de\u011fi\u015fime ayak uydurmu\u015f, m\u00fcdavimlerine k\u0131zg\u0131n kumda bizim bili\u015fimizle “T\u00fcrk kahvesi” servisine deva ediyor. Art\u0131k sevgili Agop yok (1992’de G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, a\u011f\u0131r yaralanm\u0131\u015f k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc), yerine ablas\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu Valeri kahve pi\u015firiyor. Lezzet ayn\u0131. 12 g\u00fcnde ka\u00e7 kahve i\u00e7tim Allah bilir… <\/p>\n Zafer ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn bir arada…<\/strong><\/p>\n 26’s\u0131nda ikinci grubumuz geldi. Geriye D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Devlet Komitesi’ne pasaport ba\u015fvurular\u0131, gezelim g\u00f6relim programlar\u0131, tan\u0131d\u0131klarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme trafi\u011fi vs. \u0130lk toplu anma ve kutlama i\u00e7in\u00a0Gudauta’n\u0131n L\u0131hn\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcne gittik. Matem ve co\u015fku bir arada. Zafer ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn yan yana. Sava\u015fta yitirilenler i\u00e7in h\u00fcz\u00fcn, kazan\u0131lanlar i\u00e7in sevin\u00e7. Konu\u015fmalar, a\u011f\u0131tlar, \u015fark\u0131lar, geleneksel at yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ikramlar… Kadehler hem \u015fehitleri anmak i\u00e7in, hem zafer i\u00e7in hem ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in kalkt\u0131.<\/p>\n 14 A\u011fustos 1992’de ba\u015flayan sava\u015f 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1993’de, Abhaz silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u0130ngur nehri \u00fczerindeki Abhazya-G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na Abhaz bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmeleriyle sona erdi. Bu sava\u015fta nice yi\u011fit kalplere g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6zellikle 24 Eyl\u00fcl’den itibaren\u00a0Abhazya’y\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131da, hem Sohum hem O\u00e7am\u00e7ira-Tkvar\u00e7 al cephelerindeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda g\u00fcn be g\u00fcn bedeller \u00f6dendi.\u00a0Evet, 30 Eyl\u00fcl Abhazya i\u00e7in zafer g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck g\u00fcn\u00fc. Ama ayn\u0131 zamanda matem ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fc. 24 Eyl\u00fcl’den itibaren, evlerde, apartmanlarda, k\u00f6ylerde, mahallelerde, kasabalarda, kentlerde anmalar-kutlamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7selle\u015fe i\u00e7selle\u015fe 30 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015fkent Sohum’da Zafer Meydan\u0131’nda toplan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n 29’u ak\u015fam\u0131\u00a03. grubumuz geldi. Sabah 09’da, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde Kafkas Dernekleri Federasyonu ve Abhazya’n\u0131n Dostlar\u0131 \u00e7elenklerimizi ta\u015f\u0131yan gen\u00e7lerimizle Sohum’daki \u015eehitlik An\u0131t\u0131’n\u0131 ziyaret kortejine kat\u0131ld\u0131k. \u00c7elenklerimizi b\u0131rakt\u0131k. Sayg\u0131 duru\u015fumuzla, kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131 z\u0131 selamlad\u0131k. Sonra, Zafer Meydan\u0131’ndaki t\u00f6rene kat\u0131ld\u0131k. Saatler s\u00fcren resmi ge\u00e7it, \u00e7olu\u011fu \u00e7ocu\u011fu, kad\u0131n\u0131 erke\u011fi, genci ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131, misafiri ev sahibini, askeri sivili hepimizi bir araya getirdi. Y\u00fcz bin insan tek y\u00fcrekti. Abhazya i\u00e7in tek y\u00fcrek olduk; Sava\u015f\u0131 hat\u0131rlad\u0131k, kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 and\u0131k, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tatt\u0131k, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kutlad\u0131k ve gelece\u011fi birlikte kurmak i\u00e7in umudumuzu y\u00fckselttik.<\/p>\n Sonra ak\u0131n ak\u0131n sahile indik, kilometrelerce uzayan sahil boyunca kurulan sofralarda lezzetler tadarak \u015farap kadehlerimizi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bar\u0131\u015fa ve adalete kald\u0131rd\u0131k. “\u015e\u00fck\u00fcr” dedik, “\u015e\u00fck\u00fcr bu g\u00fcnleri de g\u00f6rd\u00fck”… Hep birlikte \u015fark\u0131 olduk, dans olduk. \u00c7a\u011flad\u0131k…<\/p>\n Sonra (bir k\u0131sm\u0131m\u0131z), Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sergey Bagap\u015f’\u0131n verdi\u011fi “kutlamalar\u0131 kabul” resepsiyonuna ve yeme\u011fe kat\u0131ld\u0131k, onura ve gurura ortak olduk, (di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131m\u0131z ise) havai fi\u015feklerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcnde kendimizden ge\u00e7tik.<\/p>\n Ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc h\u00fcz\u00fcnden ve sevin\u00e7ten g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 olup akt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze.<\/p>\n Ve hep birlikte karar verdik; ge\u00e7mi\u015fi unutmadan gelece\u011fe umut ba\u011flad\u0131k. Art\u0131k yitirdiklerimiz de yan\u0131m\u0131zdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ve art\u0131k h\u00fcz\u00fcn de bir sevin\u00e7tir bizim i\u00e7in…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sezai Babakuş Abhazya halkı, 14 Ağustos 1992’de Gürcistan’ın saldırısı ve işgal girişine karşı başlattığı ulusal kurtuluş savaşını 30 Eylül 1993’de kazandı. 30 Eylül, Abhazya için özgürlük günüdür. 30 Eylül, hepimiz için özgürlüğü hatırlama günüdür. Abhazya halkının inanç, cesaret, kararlılık ve üstün beceri örneği göstererek kazandığı bu zafer haksızlığa ve zorbalığa karşı verilen mücadelenin en parlak 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