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\u015eHALAHO Abu (\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0445\u044a\u043e \u0410\u0431\u0443) Mezar ta\u015f\u0131 yok olur, (\u041c\u044b\u0436\u044a\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0440 \u043c\u044d\u043a1\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0436\u044c\u044b, Y\u0131\u011f\u0131nla ki\u015fi ulusunun ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilincine bile ermeden do\u011fup ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00fcp karanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p gitmi\u015ftir. Ancak zaman\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fclerinin alt\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcp sonsuzlu\u011fa u\u011furlanamam\u0131\u015f, ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n kal\u0131n sis ve bulut \u00f6rt\u00fclerini at\u0131p\/a\u015f\u0131p g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin gelmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi, her biri birer yi\u011fitlik \u00f6rne\u011fi olan yi\u011fitlerimiz vard\u0131r. Bu yi\u011fitler \u00fczerine s\u00f6ylenen \u00f6yk\u00fc (\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440), menk\u0131be (\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0445\u044a) ve ilgin\u00e7 \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z (\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434) da vard\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131larda bizlere birer iyi insan \u00f6rne\u011fi sunma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, almam\u0131z gereken m\u00fckemmel dersler de vard\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131lar ger\u00e7ek olay ve belgeleri (yi\u011fidin ad\u0131, s\u00fclalesi\/soy ailesi, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey ya da \u015feyleri) \u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze getirmekle yetinmemi\u015fler, o yi\u011fitle birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini, o d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin \u00a0\u00f6zellikleri, kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve o insanlar\u0131n bu yi\u011fitlerin olu\u015fumundaki etkileyiciliklerini, rollerini, o d\u00f6nemin nas\u0131l bir d\u00f6nem oldu\u011funu, insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 alg\u0131lay\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerini (ideolojileri), bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczeylerini, benimsedikleri ya da iteledikleri \u015feyler, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 ve benzerlerini \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde sergilemektedirler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin unutulmam\u0131\u015f olan bu \u015fark\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fcler, bu yi\u011fitlerin, d\u00f6nemlerindeki insanlar\u0131n manevi liderleri, yol g\u00f6stericileri ve \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturan ki\u015fileri olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131rlar. Bu eski \u015fark\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fcler yi\u011fitli\u011fi ile ad\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze eri\u015fmi\u015f olan ki\u015fileri ve bu \u015fark\u0131-\u00f6yk\u00fclerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerini de bize kavratmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Bu anlat\u0131lar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olaylar\u0131, o d\u00f6nemlerdeki s\u0131radan olaylar\u0131 anlatmazlar, onlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015flar, b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ki\u015fileri ve o ki\u015filerin \u00f6rnek yi\u011fitliklerini kaybolmayacak bir bi\u00e7imde aynalar\u0131ndan bize yans\u0131t\u0131rlar. B\u00f6ylece o insanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yi\u011fitleri ayakta tutman\u0131n bir yolunu bulmu\u015f oldular. O insanlar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck olay ad\u0131na t\u00fcrk\u00fcler (\u043f\u0449\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044a\/besteli \u015fark\u0131lar) d\u00fcz\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bunu Hanger\u0131y (*) (\u0425\u044a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0439)\u00a0 de saptam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201dHer bir sava\u015ftan sonra, bu sava\u015fa kat\u0131lanlar aras\u0131ndan kahramanl\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015f olanlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\/yi\u011fitliklerini anlatan \u015fark\u0131lar olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. \u015eimdiye\u00a0 (1836 y\u0131l\u0131na)\u00a0 de\u011fin bu yi\u011fitlerin adlar\u0131 gururla ya\u015fat\u0131lmakta ve dilden dile dola\u015fmaktad\u0131r\u201d diye yazmaktad\u0131r Hanger\u0131y.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imine uygun olarak olup bitenin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6yk\u00fcler de olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor, bu olaylar\u0131n t\u00fcrk\u00fcleri\u00a0\u00a0 (\u043f\u0449\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044a\/m\u00fczi\u011fi) de olu\u015fturuluyordu. Bunlar o d\u00f6nemin tarihsel belgeleri \u00f6nemindeydiler. \u015eark\u0131y\u0131 besteleyen ki\u015fi de sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131yor, her bir bireyin ne yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 dikkate alarak, \u00e7o\u011funca \u015fark\u0131y\u0131 da b\u00f6yle olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. Ancak \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n olay sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu da oluyordu. Kim bilir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalarda ka\u00e7 \u015fark\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n (\u043e\u0437\u044d\u0434\u044b1\u043e) da \u00f6l\u00fcp yitmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini. Sava\u015fta can veren \u015fark\u0131c\u0131\/besteci say\u0131s\u0131 da az de\u011fildi. Haberleri, ku\u015fkusuz olay\u0131n olup bitmesinden sonra olu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n Eski \u00f6yk\u00fc-anlat\u0131larda\u00a0 (\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0436\u044a-\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0440\u044b\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044a) ve eski \u015fark\u0131larda da belirgin \u00f6zellikler bulunurdu. Bu anlat\u0131larda olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerin ad\u0131 ve olaya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n ad\u0131 bir arada verilir. Bu durum \u00f6yk\u00fc ve anlat\u0131larla \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n adlar\u0131yla da kan\u0131tlanmaktad\u0131r. Ya yi\u011fidin ad\u0131 verilmekte ya da olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yer ad\u0131 eski \u00f6yk\u00fc, anlat\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n da ad\u0131 \u00a0olmaktad\u0131r. Olay tek bir yi\u011fit \u00fczerine ise, yi\u011fidin ad\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fc ve anlat\u0131lar (\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0436\u044a-\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044a) ile eski \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n (\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434\u044b\u0436\u044a) da ad\u0131 oluyor; olay \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye de\u011fgin ise, \u00a0olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerin ad\u0131 eski \u00f6yk\u00fc, anlat\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n da ad\u0131 oluyor. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi, \u201dKolej\u0131m\u0131ko Z\u00e9zer\u0131he\u2019nin Tarihi\u201d (\u041a\u044a\u043e\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044a\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0417\u0435\u0437\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0445\u044c\u044d \u0438\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0445\u044a), \u201dAydemirkan\u2019\u0131n Tarihi\u201d (\u0410\u0439\u0434\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0440\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0438\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0445\u044a-\u0438\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440), \u201dAydemirkan \u015eark\u0131s\u0131\u201d (\u0410\u0439\u0434\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0440\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0438\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434), \u201dHath\u2019\u0131 O\u011flu Ko\u00e7\u2019as \u015eark\u0131s\u0131\u201d (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u0445 \u044f \u041a\u044a\u043e\u043a1\u0430\u0441\u044d \u0438\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434), \u00a0\u201c\u00c7\u00fcj\u0131ko\/Tsuj\u0131ko \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d (\u0426\u0443\u0436\u044a\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u043f\u044d \u0438\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440), \u201d\u00c7\u00fcj\u0131ko \u015eark\u0131s\u0131- A\u011f\u0131d\u0131\u201d (\u0426\u0443\u0436\u044a\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0438\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434-\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044b\u0431\u0437), \u201dP\u015f\u0131-verk Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d (\u041f\u0449\u044b-\u043e\u0440\u043a\u044a \u0437\u0430\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440), \u201dP\u015f\u0131-verk Sava\u015f\u0131 \u015eark\u0131s\u0131\u201d (\u041f\u0449\u044b-\u043e\u0440\u043a\u044a \u0437\u0430\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434), \u201dVe\u015fneu Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d (\u041e\u0449\u043d\u044d1\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043e\u043c\u00a0 \u0438\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440), \u201dVe\u015fneu Sava\u015f\u0131 \u015eark\u0131s\u0131\u201d (\u041e\u0449\u043d\u044d1\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434) gibi bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6sterebiliriz. <\/p>\n (*) <\/b>Adige as\u0131ll\u0131 bir yazar ve Rus albay\u0131. HCY<\/p>\n Bu eski \u015fark\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fclerimizde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015fl\u0131ca eksiklik, olaylar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi tarihin belirtmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n De\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda olmu\u015f olan olaylar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar ve bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik olay\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda olmu\u015f gibi g\u00f6steren \u00f6yk\u00fclerimiz, eski tarihi anlat\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z (\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0445\u044a\u044b\u0436\u044a) ve eski \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Adigelerin Kitay Han ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sava\u015flar \u00fczerine olan bir anlat\u0131, 17\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Adige kad\u0131n\u0131 La\u015f\u0131n’\u0131n (\u041b\u0430\u0449\u044b\u043d) \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, 11\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Redede (Ridade) \u00fczerine \u00f6yk\u00fc, 17\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bey (\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0439) Ver\u0131y (\u041e\u0440\u044b\u0439) \u00fczerine anlat\u0131lar ve daha sonralar\u0131 da anlat\u0131lan baz\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcler birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu \u00f6yk\u00fc ve kahraman adlar\u0131n\u0131n ve konular\u0131n birbirine yak\u0131n olmalar\u0131 bu t\u00fcr h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar olaylara ve ki\u015filere ili\u015fkin toparlamalar\/de\u011ferlendirmeler (\u0437\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0441\u044b\u0436\u044c) yap\u0131l\u0131rken \u00e7ok dikkatli olmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak durumdan anlat\u0131lara (m\u00fcnakalata) g\u00fcvenilmemesi gibi bir anlam da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Biliminsan\u0131 B. D. Grekov, \u201cHalk kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015fini en iyi bi\u00e7imde bilir\u201d demektedir (Gekov B. D. Kievskaya Rus\u2019. Moskova, 1949, s. 6). Yap\u0131lmayan \u015feyi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermeye kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan, o zaman g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 bir duruma d\u00fc\u015fersin. Ki\u015filikli olan ve kendini bile bir ozan, asla \u00f6yle \u015feyler yapmaz, ancak \u00f6v\u00fclmek isteyen ve bunun bedelini maddi olarak \u00f6deyen sahte \u201ckahramanlar\u201d \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 da \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131r. (2). Yi\u011fitlik mar\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bu gibi yalan katk\u0131lar da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen olgulardand\u0131. Ancak bu gibi \u015feyler ki\u015fi ya da olay\u0131n \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmedi\u011finde ya da \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6ylendikten sonra bu katmalar\u0131n anlat\u0131lar\u0131 da, a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ile birlikte sunulurdu, bu anlat\u0131lar b\u00f6ylece \u015fark\u0131larla birlikte anlat\u0131l\u0131p ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015flerdir. Folklorumuzda b\u00f6ylesine durumlarla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan folklorumuzu bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde ele al\u0131p, her s\u00f6ylenen \u015fey do\u011frudur ve her \u015feyini oldu\u011fu gibi benimsemeliyiz diyemeyiz. Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi, sak\u0131ncal\u0131 yanlar\u0131 olan baz\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r diyerek, bunlar\u0131n \u015fark\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemeyiz, \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n hepsine de sak\u0131ncal\u0131 imi\u015fler gibi bakamay\u0131z. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k olur.<\/p>\n Eski anlat\u0131 ve tarihi \u00f6yk\u00fclerin, yi\u011fitlik \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi anlam ve yans\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 makamlar, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n etik ve estetik ideallerini ve d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bize duyururlar. \u0130ster vakayiname yaz\u0131lar\u0131, ister tarihi yaz\u0131lar olsun, isterse resmi belgeler olsun, yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kayda ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgiler, halk\u0131n kendi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fin d\u00fczeyine eri\u015femezler. Ku\u015fkusuz de\u011fi\u015fik yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak ve bunlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. Bu yaz\u0131larda do\u011fru olan \u015feyler bulunabilir. Bu belgeler bize, en \u00e7ok da olaylar\u0131n oldu\u011fu tarihleri belirlemede yararl\u0131 olurlar. \u0130\u015f bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 da de\u011fildir: \u015eark\u0131lar\u0131n anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 ile belgelerde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olanlar bir araya getirilip de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, daha do\u011fru bir de\u011ferlendirmeye\/sonuca (\u0437\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0441\u044b\u0436\u044c) ula\u015f\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n <\/b><\/span> D\u0130PNOTLAR:<\/span><\/b> Anlat\u0131l\u0131\u015f ve olaylar\u0131 ortaya koyu\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine g\u00f6re eski kahramanl\u0131k \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 ile tarihsel anlat\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fcler birbirine yak\u0131nd\u0131r, sadece bi\u00e7imleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kendisine ili\u015fkin olarak \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olaylar\u0131n bir de \u00f6yk\u00fcleri bulunur ama olaylar\u0131 anlatan \u00f6yk\u00fclerin hepsinin \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 yoktur. \u015eark\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc beraber ba\u015flayan olaylar vard\u0131r, zaman\u0131n gerilerine gidildik\u00e7e, kal\u0131n sisler i\u00e7inde ya \u015fark\u0131 ya \u00f6yk\u00fc ya da ikisi birden yok olabilmektedir (en \u00e7ok da \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n kayboldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor), sadece iki t\u00fcrden birinin ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Eski anlat\u0131, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve eski \u015fark\u0131lar konu (tema) y\u00f6n\u00fcnden farkl\u0131d\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n 1. D\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 verilen sava\u015flar; d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadeleleri dile getiren \u015fark\u0131 ve anlat\u0131larda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck (\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d) ve can\u0131n\u0131 budaktan esirgememe (\u043f\u0441\u044d\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0431\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d) i\u00e7erikli kahramanca naralar duyulur. “\u041f\u0441\u044d\u0440 \u0449\u044d\u0440\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u044d\u0440 \u0449\u044d\u0444\u044b”<\/strong> (Can\u0131ndan ol, ama onurunu yitirme) atas\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 (\u0433\u0443\u0449\u044b1\u044d\u0436\u044a) savs\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc (slogan) i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmi\u015f olan Adigeler, \u00fclkelerini b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 korkusuzca savunuyorlard\u0131. Adigelerin bir ba\u015fka halk\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek, onlar\u0131n \u00fclkelerini ya\u011fmalamak ve o \u00fclkeler insanlar\u0131n\u0131 tutsak almak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 tek bir sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 olsun konu alan tek bir anlat\u0131, tek bir tarihsel \u00f6yk\u00fc ve \u015fark\u0131 yoktur <\/strong>(*). <\/strong>Sadece d\u00fc\u015fmandan korunma ve bu u\u011furda yi\u011fitlik yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda bulunma konular\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bu gibi konular anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka halk\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu anlatan tek t\u00fck anlat\u0131lar da vard\u0131r ama bunlar ya \u00f6\u00e7 almak (intikam) i\u00e7indir ya da buyru\u011fu alt\u0131na girdikleri bir devletin ordusu saflar\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p sava\u015fa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclme bi\u00e7imindedir. Bu t\u00fcr anlat\u0131lar da tek t\u00fckt\u00fcr. Eski anlat\u0131 ve tarihsel \u00f6yk\u00fcler ile eski \u015fark\u0131lar, daha \u00e7ok, d\u0131\u015f sald\u0131rganlara kar\u015f\u0131 verilmi\u015f olan yi\u011fit\u00e7e ve \u00f6zverili direni\u015fleri konu edinirler. Bu anlat\u0131larda Adige sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 korkusuzca direndikleri, Adige sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ge\u00e7tikleri yerlerin zang\u0131r zang\u0131r sars\u0131lmakta olduklar\u0131, bu yeri titreten seslerin r\u00fczgara kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fmana h\u00fccuma ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tek bir atl\u0131n\u0131n dahi geri \u00e7ekilmedi\u011fi ve \u00e7elikten m\u0131zraklar\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00fc patlatt\u0131klar\u0131, geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fckleri ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 yenmi\u015f olarak geri d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri dillendirilir. Ancak Adigeler kendi kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ve hatalar\u0131n\u0131 (\u0448\u044a\u043e\u0431\u0433\u044d) \u00f6rtmeye, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131nda gizlemeye kalk\u0131\u015fmazlard\u0131. D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc ve kahramanca davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da gizlenmezdi (yani sans\u00fcr uygulanmazd\u0131. -HCY). \u00d6rne\u011fin bozk\u0131rlardan ilerleyip Adigelere sald\u0131ran Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ad\u0131l<\/strong> (Atilla\/Attila, V. y\u00fczy\u0131l; 406-453), Avar Han\u0131 Baykan<\/strong> (\u0411\u0430\u0439\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d;VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l), K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Devlet Giray<\/strong> (\u0414\u043e\u043b\u044d\u0442-\u0414\u0436\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0439;XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131) ve daha ba\u015fkalar\u0131na Adigelerin nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131 koymu\u015f ve yi\u011fit\u00e7e \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin anlat\u0131lar, \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Hun ordusu Adigelere sald\u0131rd\u0131. Hunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Adigelerin yenilip yenilmedikleri anlat\u0131larda tam dile getirilmiyor, ama bu sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n Adigeler \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131ma yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu olaya ili\u015fkin \u015fark\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fclerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin gelmi\u015f olmalar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Olay\u0131n \u00f6nemi (b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6mr\u00fc uzamaktad\u0131r. \u015eark\u0131s\u0131 yitirilse bile, o olay\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fc ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131 kalmakta, ya\u015famaktad\u0131r\u2026 Ad\u0131l\u2019a (Atilla) ili\u015fkin \u015fark\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fcler bu sayede y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131 (\u00e7a\u011flar\u0131) a\u015f\u0131p g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015flerdir. Buna g\u00f6re, Adigeler, amans\u0131z Hun<\/strong> (\u0413\u0443\u043d\u043d) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kahramanca kar\u015f\u0131 koyuyorlar ve kendilerini savunuyorlar ama Hunlardan \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r darbeler yediklerini de anlat\u0131, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131nda gizlemiyorlar. Hunlar\u0131n Adige topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ya\u011fmalad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve nice ac\u0131lara yol a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralad\u0131ktan sonra \u015fark\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle devam etmektedir:<\/p>\n Ad\u0131l\u2019\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bela ve u\u011fursuzluk (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0431\u044d\u043b\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0448\u0445\u043e \u043c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0440 \u015eor Negume<\/strong>\u2019nin \u201cAdige Halk\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi\u201d<\/strong> (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda da bu olup biten olaylara ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 bilgiler bulunmakta, baz\u0131 \u015fark\u0131 dizelerine de yer verilmektedir: \u201cTanr\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla bizler, da\u011flar\u0131m\u0131z ve kuytu vadilerimiz (\u043a\u044a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d) bu u\u011fursuz beladan \u00a0kurtuldular\u201d (\u0422\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c \u0438\u04481\u0443\u04481\u044d\u043a1\u044d, \u0442\u044d\u0440\u0438, \u0442\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438, \u0442\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u044d\u0436\u044c\u044d\u043d\u0447\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0431\u044d\u043b\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c \u0442\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0436\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a). \u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u015eor Negume\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015e\u2019ad<\/strong> (\u0428\u044a\u0430\u0434\u044d) da\u011f\u0131na, bu u\u011fursuz beladan kurtulu\u015f an\u0131s\u0131na O\u015fhamaf<\/strong> (1\u043e\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\/U\u011furlu Da\u011f\/\u015fimdiki Elbrus) denmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. \u015eor Negume, Ad\u0131l\u2019\u0131n Hun birlikleri \u015e\u2019ad Da\u011f\u0131 eteklerine dayan\u0131nca ilerlemelerini durdurdular, geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp Adige topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 terk ettiler, diye yazmaktad\u0131r. Peki, durum b\u00f6yleyse, yukar\u0131da sunulan kanl\u0131 dizeler, d\u00f6k\u00fclen g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 ve umars\u0131z \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131\u015flar da ne oluyor, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 \u00a0yans\u0131tan\u00a0 \u201cbela dolu\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fckler ni\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir? \u201cBizler, da\u011flar\u0131m\u0131z ve kuytu vadilerimiz bu u\u011fursuz beladan kurtuldular\u201d diyenlerin, \u00a0Ad\u0131l\u2019\u0131n birliklerinin ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 Adige gruplar\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Ba\u015fka bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla bu anlat\u0131, ba\u015fka bir d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f y\u0131k\u0131m dolu bir olaya ili\u015fkin bir anlat\u0131 da olabilir. Her ne olursa olsun, bu dizeler ulusun i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu zorlu bir d\u00f6nemin ne denli ac\u0131 dolu ge\u00e7ti\u011fini bize anlatmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n D\u0130PNOTLAR: Not:<\/strong> Metindeki siyahla\u015ft\u0131rmalar bize aittir. -HCY<\/p>\n Felaket \u00fcst\u00fcne felaket ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Bir y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131 \u00a0dinmeden yenisi geliyordu, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu y\u0131k\u0131mlar ulusun toparlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve geli\u015fimini bir y\u00fczy\u0131l, bazen \u00a0birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l gerilere at\u0131yordu. Nitekim Ad\u0131l<\/strong>‘\u0131n (Attila) b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralar\u0131n hen\u00fcz tam sar\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ulusun yeni yeni\u00a0 toparlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u0131rada, VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Avarlar (1) boy g\u00f6sterdiler, Bizans’\u0131 (Grek diyar\u0131n\u0131) ya\u011fmalay\u0131p semiren ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f olan Avarlar, sonunda Adigelere de sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Avar ordusunun ba\u015f\u0131nda Baykan Han<\/strong> (\u0411\u0430\u0439\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d-\u0445\u044a\u0430\u043d) (2) bulunuyordu. Baykan Han el\u00e7iler g\u00f6ndererek Adigelerden \u00a0boyun e\u011fmelerini \u00a0istedi. Adigeler boyun e\u011fmeyi reddettiler. El\u00e7ilerle yap\u0131lan bulu\u015fmada, Adige ba\u015f el\u00e7isi Lav\u0131rsen<\/strong>\u00a0 (\u041b\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044d\u043d), \u00a0bu ac\u0131mas\u0131z ya\u011fmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00a0y\u00fczlerine kar\u015f\u0131, \u00a0tek bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ve tek bir ki\u015fi kald\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrece, hi\u00e7bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Adigelerin asla boyun e\u011fmeyeceklerini ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden \u00f6d\u00fcn \u00a0vermeyeceklerini bildirdi. Avar el\u00e7ileri, \u00a0arkalar\u0131ndaki g\u00fcc\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00fcvenerek diklenmeye, k\u00fcstah\u00e7a ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bunun \u00fczerine el\u00e7iler birbirlerine girdiler. Adigeler Avar\u00a0 el\u00e7ilerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. \u00c7ok \u00f6fkelenmi\u015f olan Baykan Han 60 bin ki\u015filik bir orduyla Adigelerin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Adigeler yi\u011fit\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131 koydular, ama \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdiler ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yok olma durumuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. D\u00fc\u015fman k\u00f6yleri, ekin tarlalar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ve otlaklar\u0131 ate\u015fe verdi, \u00f6n\u00fcne geleni \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. En yi\u011fit gen\u00e7ler\u00a0 yitirildi, korunmas\u0131z\u00a0 ya\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015filer, \u00e7ocuklar ve kad\u0131nlar umars\u0131z durumlara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Anlat\u0131ya g\u00f6re, Avarlar\u0131n zulm\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda korkuya kap\u0131l\u0131p ka\u00e7\u0131\u015fmakta olan insanlar, bir yerde iki \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn olsun \u00a0durup dinlenmeyi \u00a0g\u00f6ze alam\u0131yorlar, kendilerini bir an \u00f6nce da\u011flara, ormanlara ve ma\u011faralara at\u0131p saklanmaya, kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu korkun\u00e7 y\u0131k\u0131m sadece eski \u015fark\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fclerimizde anlat\u0131lmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u00a0 kalmad\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze eri\u015fmi\u015f ve birer kan\u0131t de\u011ferinde olan\u00a0 deyimlerimiz de vard\u0131r: \u201cBaykan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm yolu\u201d<\/strong> (\u0411\u0430\u0439\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0434\u044d \u043b\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0443), \u201cBaykan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131rat\u0131\u201d<\/strong> (\u0411\u0430\u0439\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0448\u044b \u043f\u043a1\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044d\u0440) gibi. Baykan Adigeleri t\u00fckenmenin e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi, \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen her k\u00f6y\u00fc\u00a0 ate\u015fe verdi, tarlalar\u0131 tahrip etti. Verimli ekin alanlar\u0131n\u0131n, tarlalar\u0131n, meyve bah\u00e7elerinin yerini kurtlar\u0131n uludu\u011fu\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k ve\u00a0 dikenlikler kaplad\u0131. Adige tarih\u00e7isi \u015eor Negume<\/strong>\u2019nin (1794-1844) yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, o zamana de\u011fin \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan Adigelerin toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe alm\u0131\u015f oldu. Avar y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren\u00a0 bir \u015fark\u0131y\u0131\u00a0 derledi\u011fini belirten \u015eor \u00a0Negume, bu \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n dizelerini de kaydetmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n Baykan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131rat\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7atlat\u0131yor Yeliye kan\u0131m\u0131z (3) , <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Korkun\u00e7 sava\u015f ate\u015fi\u00a0 Adige topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sar\u0131yor, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ceylan (4) gibi en iyi gen\u00e7lerimiz<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Kar\u015f\u0131 koyuyorlar d\u00fc\u015fmana korkusuz birer atl\u0131 olarak, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Attan inenlerin (5), sa\u011f kalanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 yaz ya\u011fmuru gibi\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n (\u0411\u0430\u0439\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043f\u043a1\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044d\u0440 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0435\u0433\u044a\u0430\u043b1\u044d, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0417\u044d\u043e\u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043b1\u044d\u0443 \u0449\u044b\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u044b \u0442\u0438\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u04471\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d \u0449\u0435\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044d, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u041f\u0441\u044b\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044d (4) \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0431\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043a1\u044d\u04481\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0440 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0410\u0449 \u0438\u0449\u044b\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u044d\u04481\u0443\u0435\u043a1\u043e\u0445 \u0448\u044b\u0443\u0437\u044d\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0445\u044d\u0443, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u041a\u044a\u0435\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d (5), \u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d\u0444\u044d \u043e\u0449\u0445\u044b\u0440 \u044f\u043d\u044d\u043f\u0441\u2026)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Adige beyi (p\u015f\u0131\/\u043f\u0449\u044b) Redede<\/strong> ile Tmutarakan Prensli\u011fi Prensi Mstislav, her<\/strong> biri kendi ordusunun \u00a0ba\u015f\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelirler, ancak sava\u015f\u0131lmaz, onun yerine sadece iki prensin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmakla yetindiklerine ili\u015fkin anlat\u0131lar, hem Adigeler aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u00f6yk\u00fc ve \u015fark\u0131larda ve hem de Rus tarih\u00e7ilerinin \u00a0(letopis) kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Redede ile Mstislav aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmaya ili\u015fkin Adige anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez\u00a0 kayda ge\u00e7iren ki\u015fi, yine tarih\u00e7i \u00a0\u00a0\u015eor Negume<\/strong>\u2019dir. Negume\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130dar\u0131p\u015f<\/strong> (\u0418\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043f\u0449\/Prens \u0130dar) (6), yan\u0131na Alger\u0131ko H\u0131m\u0131\u015f<\/strong> (\u042d\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0440\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0425\u044a\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0449) ile Redede<\/strong>\u2019yi, ayr\u0131ca gen\u00e7 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, Adige H\u2019e\u011fak\u2019elerden (\u0425\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0430\u043a1\u044d)\u00a0 ve di\u011fer Adige topluluklar\u0131ndan da yi\u011fit sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 alarak Tmutarkan Prensli\u011fi \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Ba\u015flar\u0131nda prensleri Mstislav olmak \u00fczere Tmutarkan ordusu da kendilerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130ki ordu birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 saf tuttu; sava\u015ftan \u00f6nce, o zamanlar adet oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, Redede, sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in\u00a0 Tmutarkan prensine seslendi: \u201dNe diye gen\u00e7leri \u00f6l\u00fcme s\u00fcr\u00fckleyelim, ne diye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sava\u015fal\u0131m; niye kan ak\u0131tal\u0131m ki?\u201d diyerek. Kendi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na cesur bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 (cengaver) \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131 Mstislav\u2019dan \u00a0istedi. Tmutarkan prensi \u00f6neriyi kabul etti, ancak cengaver \u00e7\u0131karma yerine, \u00a0kendi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre vuru\u015ftuktan sonra Mstislav, \u00a0Redede\u2019yi yere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve \u00a0\u00a0keskin b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla onu bo\u011fazlayarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu vuru\u015fma (m\u00fcbereze) sonras\u0131nda sava\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131, ama Adigeler en iyi sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan birini \u00a0yitirmi\u015f olman\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde \u00a0\u00a0geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra Adigeler Redede\u2019nin \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc almak ve Tmutarkan Prensli\u011fi\u2019ni ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in toplan\u0131p Tmutarkan Prensli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler. Amans\u0131z bir sava\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131, sava\u015f\u0131 Adige taraf\u0131 kazand\u0131. Adigeler Prensli\u011fi yok ettiler, Tmutarkan kentini \u00a0de yerle bir ettiler (Nogmov \u015e. B. \u0130storiya ad\u0131geyskogo naroda. Nal\u00e7ik, 1958, s. 120-121).<\/p>\n Olup bitenlere ili\u015fkin bu anlat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir benzeri Rus vakayinamelerinde (kroniklerinde) de \u00a0\u00a0yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. (. . ) Ku\u015fkusuz Adige ve Rus vakayinamelerindeki anlat\u0131lar \u00a0aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar \u00a0vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Adige anlat\u0131s\u0131nda Redede\u2019nin Prens \u0130dar\u2019\u0131n ordusu saflar\u0131nda Tmutarkan topraklar\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenir, Rus vakayinamesinde ise Mstislav\u2019\u0131n Kasoglar\u0131n (Adigelerin) \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Adige anlat\u0131s\u0131nda Mstislav\u2019\u0131n hileye ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu, sivri b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0(\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0441) \u00a0gizlice \u00e7ekip \u00a0\u00a0yandan Redede\u2019ye saplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\u00a0 \u00a0onu \u00a0\u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u201dRedede\u2019nin A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201dnda (\u0420\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0438\u0441\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044b\u0449) da anlat\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n Ruslar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck prensi umars\u0131z duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Sa\u011f kalmak i\u00e7in hileye ba\u015fvurdu, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n B\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti, ans\u0131z\u0131n ve kural d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Sana saplad\u0131, seni can\u0131ndan etti. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0423\u0440\u044b\u0441\u043c\u044d \u044f\u043f\u0449\u044b\u0448\u0445\u043e \u044b\u0433\u0443\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u044d\u043a1\u043e\u0434\u044b\u043c <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0418\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439 \u043a1\u044d\u0445\u044a\u043e\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0436\u044c\u0438\u00a0 \u0445\u044a\u043e\u0440\u0448\u044d\u0440\u044b\u043c\u00a0 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0438, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0418\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0441\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438, \u0443\u043c\u044b\u04481\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u044d\u0431\u0433\u044a\u0443\u043a1\u044d\u043c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0421\u044b\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0441\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u043f\u043f\u0441\u044d \u0433\u0443\u0449\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u0438\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a).<\/p>\n <\/em><\/strong> Rus vakayinamesinde ise durum\u00a0 farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mstislav\u2019\u0131n \u00a0Redede\u2019yi yenip devirdi\u011fi, ard\u0131ndan b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p\u00a0 onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Rus kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda Mstislav\u2019\u0131n Redede\u2019yi yenmesi \u00fczerin, Redede\u2019nin mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocu\u011funu alma olay\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bir de Kasoglara (Adigelere) vergi\/bedel\u00a0 (\u043e\u0441\u044d\u0442\u044b\u043d) y\u00fckledi\u011fi\u00a0 de y\u0430z\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Redede \u00fczerine olan \u00a0Adige anlat\u0131s\u0131 ile \u015fark\u0131s\u0131nda ise, vergi\u00a0 (\u043e\u0441\u044d\u0442\u044b\u043d) s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7memektedir. Rus kroni\u011finde (vakayinamesinde) Mstislav\u2019\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn gelmesinin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar, ard\u0131ndan Adigelerin Tmutarkan\u2019\u0131 yerle bir etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 kaydedilmektedir. Redede\u2019nin kendilerince s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131, Adigeler aras\u0131nda\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nefrete ve k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u00a0yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, bunun sonucu olarak bir araya gelen \u00a0Adigeler Tmutarkan Prensli\u011fi\u2019ni ve ba\u015fkent Tmutarkan\u2019\u0131 yerle bir etmi\u015flerdir. \u201dRedede\u2019nin A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201dnda (\u0420\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0438\u0441\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044b\u0449) \u015f\u00f6yle denmektedir:<\/p>\n Duruma tan\u0131k olan \u00a0senin -\u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc almak- i\u00e7in sava\u015ft\u0131, haberi duyan senin i\u00e7in a\u011flad\u0131, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eaps\u0131\u011flar bir araya geldiler, Ruslar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck prensini<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ker\u00e7 Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019nda (7) s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p \u00fclkeden -s\u00fckl\u00fcm p\u00fckl\u00fcm- \u00a0kovdular. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n (\u0417\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u0444\u044d\u0437\u0430\u043e\u0443, \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0437\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0440\u044d\u0440 \u043f\u0444\u0435\u0433\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0443, <\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n \u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0441\u0438, \u0443\u0440\u044b\u0441\u043c\u044d \u044f\u043f\u0449\u044b\u0448\u0445\u043e<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0425\u044b\u04421\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044d\u043c (7) \u0434\u0430\u0444\u044b\u0436\u044c\u0438, \u0445\u044d\u043a\u0443\u043c \u0433\u0443\u04301\u043e\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0444\u044b\u0436\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a. )<\/p>\n <\/em><\/strong> G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, her iki taraf da olay\u0131 farkl\u0131 anlat\u0131yor ve de\u011ferlendiriyor, ama ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olan olaylar temelde birbirine uyarl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00dczerinden 960 y\u0131l (8) ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan bir olay, yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlarda oldu\u011fu gibi, dahas\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131t gibi hala halk\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131nda ve dilinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r, her iki taraf anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0birbirinin benzeri, birle\u015fiyor \u00a0olmas\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekten\u00a0 ilgin\u00e7. Bu da bize eski anlat\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kendi tarihini, anlat\u0131 ve \u00a0\u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bi\u00e7iminde gelecek ku\u015faklara aktarmakta oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n D\u0130PNOTLAR: ŞHALAHO Abu (Шъхьэлэхъо Абу) Шъыпкъагъэр-шэтапкъэ,Мыекъуапэ,1990. Çeviri: HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız Mezar taşı yok olur, Yok olmayacak olanı şarkıdır. Adige Atasözü (Мыжъосыныр мэк1одыжьы, мык1одыжьырэр орэд. Гущы1эжъ) Yığınla kişi ulusunun ve varlığının bilincine bile ermeden doğup yaşamış ve ölüp karanlığa karışıp gitmiştir. Ancak zamanın örtülerinin altına gömülüp sonsuzluğa uğurlanamamış, adı değişik çağların kalın sis ve bulut örtülerini atıp\/aşıp 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\n<\/span> <\/b> \u0428\u044a\u044b\u043f\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440-\u0448\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043a\u044a\u044d,\u041c\u044b\u0435\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u043f\u044d,1990.
\n\u00c7eviri: HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/span><\/p>\n
\nYok olmayacak olan\u0131 \u015fark\u0131d\u0131r. <\/b>
\n<\/b>Adige Atas\u00f6z\u00fc<\/p>\n
\n\u043c\u044b\u043a1\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0436\u044c\u044b\u0440\u044d\u0440 \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434.
\n\u0413\u0443\u0449\u044b1\u044d\u0436\u044a)<\/i><\/p>\n
\nAdigeler \u00fczerine tarihsel ve etnografik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015f olan L. Y. Lyul\u2019e, eski Adige \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ederken, do\u011fru bir bi\u00e7imde, \u201c\u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n (\u043f\u0449\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044a) Adigelerin tek tarihsel an\u0131tlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu\u201d belirtmektedir. Ancak \u201canlat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kendi soyu ya da toplulu\u011fu lehine \u00f6v\u00fcc\u00fc eklemelerde bulunabildi\u011fini, yalan \u015feyler katarak \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylediklerini de g\u00f6rebiliyoruz \u201d diye yazmaktad\u0131r (L. Y. Lyul\u2019e, \u00c7erkesiya. \u0130storiko-etnografi\u00e7eskie) (1).<\/p>\n
\n1) <\/b>S\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Murat Pap\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u00c7erkesya, Tarihi-Etnografik Makaleler\u201d ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilip yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. -HCY
\n2) <\/b>Rahmetli mizah yazar\u0131 Aziz Nesin, \u201dSoyad\u0131 Kanunu\u201d \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca b\u00fct\u00fcn korkaklar\u0131n \u201cCesur\u201d, yalanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cDo\u011fru\u201d, h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n \u201cSa\u011flam\u201d gibi soyadlar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u00d6vg\u00fc \u00f6\u011feli anlat\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131lar da \u00f6yle \u015feylerdendir. -HCY <\/span><\/p>\n
\n2. Adigelerin kendi i\u00e7lerinde bulunan s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve toplumsal m\u00fccadeleler;
\n3. Adige topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fme ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar.<\/p>\n
\nNereden ve nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p geldi ki
\nd\u0131l\u2019\u0131n eline d\u00fc\u015fmeyen ki\u015fi,
\nBelan\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l bilsin ki,
\nAyakta tutunabilmi\u015f bir avu\u00e7 Ant i\u00e7in
\nKuytu ve \u0131ss\u0131z ma\u011faralar tek ya\u015fam s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131,
\nBizi bu beladan kurtarmas\u0131 i\u00e7in
\nAv\u015feg\u2019e (**) yakar\u0131yoruz. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u0422\u044b\u0434\u044d \u043c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u0442 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u0444\u0438\u043a1\u044b\u044f?
\n\u0410\u0434\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c \u043f\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0444\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c\u044d
\n\u041c\u044d\u0444\u0430\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u043c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a,
\n\u0410\u043d\u0442\u044d\u0443\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0433\u044d \u043c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c\u0438
\n\u0413\u044a\u043e\u04471\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0436\u044a\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0434\u044f\u043f\u0441\u044d\u0443\u043f1,
\n\u041c\u044b \u04471\u044b\u043f1\u044d\u043c \u0442\u044b\u0434\u0438\u0449\u044b\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043d\u044d\u0443
\n\u0410\u0443\u0449\u044d\u0434\u0436\u044b\u043c** \u0442\u044d \u0442\u044b\u0449\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0433\u044a\u0443). <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n(*) <\/strong> Bu t\u00fcmceyi Adigeleri yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131mayan ve Adigelerin (\u00c7erkeslerin) 1915 y\u0131l\u0131 Ermeni katliam\u0131nda yer ald\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin imada bulunmak gibi bir yan\u0131lg\u0131 i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan say\u0131n Bask\u0131n Oran<\/strong>\u2019a ithaf ediyorum. -HCY
\n(**) <\/strong> Av\u015feg (\u0410\u0443\u0449\u044d\u0434\u0436)-Burada s\u00f6ylenen Av\u015feg ad\u0131 daha sonralar\u0131 \u015fark\u0131ya monte edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131. \u201dAv\u015feg\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Grek\u00e7e \u2018Avs+Gerg\u2019=\u2019Y\u0131sus (\u0418\u0441\u0443\u0441)\/\u0130sa\u2019 anlam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Av\u015feg\u2019in Adigelerin \u201ckan\u201d\u0131 (\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\/o\u011fullu\u011fu), kurtar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olmas\u0131, H\u0131ristiyan dinini benimsemeleri VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Grek (Bizans) \u0130mparatoru Justinyan\/Yustinyan (Adigelerin verdi\u011fi adla \u2018Yustuk\/\u042e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u2019 ) d\u00f6neminde Adigelerin H\u0131ristiyan dinine ge\u00e7tikleri tarih kitaplar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Justinyan 565 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ad\u0131l (Atilla) V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Adigelere sald\u0131rd\u0131 (Miladi 450\u2019liy\u0131llarda). Bu bak\u0131mdan Adigelerin y\u00fczy\u0131l sonralar\u0131 inand\u0131klar\u0131 ad\u0131, bir y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait bu eski \u015fark\u0131ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz-Abu \u015ehalaho.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong> 1)<\/strong> Avarlar-Rus belgelerinde \u201cObreler\u201d (\u041e\u0431\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440) bi\u00e7iminde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n2) <\/strong>Baykan-han-Rus belgelerinde \u201cBayan\u201d (\u0411\u0430\u044f\u043d) olarak ge\u00e7er.
\n3) <\/strong>Yeliye kan (\u0415\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d)-Koruyucu \u0130sa (\u0418\u0441\u0443\u0441) ya da eski bir koruyucu Adige \u0130lah\u0131 olabilir. Buradaki \u201ckan\/\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201ckoruyucu\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cSavs\u0131r\u0131kov ti kana\u201d dendi\u011finde \u201cKoruyucumuz Savs\u0131r\u0131ko\u201d anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u201d\u0417\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0442\u044d \u044d\u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u041b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0448\u044a\u044b\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0437\u044b\u0440\u201d (Aydemirkan Destan\u0131ndan bir dize). Burada da Tlep\u015f i\u00e7in \u201cKoruyucu Tlep\u015f\/\u041b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u201d deyimi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. -HCY
\n4)<\/strong> Ps\u0131blane (\u041f\u0441\u044b\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044d)- Su samuru (su ceylan\u0131) anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Burada yi\u011fit delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 tarif eden bir mecazd\u0131r. -HCY
\n5) <\/strong>Attan inmek (\u043a\u044a\u0435\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u043c\u044d, \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d)- mecazi anlamda \u00f6lmek demektir. -HCY
\n6) <\/strong>\u0130dar\u0131p\u015f (\u0418\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043f\u0449)-\u0130dar beyi. \u0130dar ailesi, en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve en soylu Kabardey prens ailelerinden biriydi. Bu aileden olan Temr\u0131ko \u0130dar 1557\u2019de Rus korumas\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen \u00f6nde Kabardey beylerindendir ve Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n kay\u0131npederi olmu\u015ftur. Nitekim Temr\u0131ko \u0130dar\u2019\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fi dillere destan olan k\u0131z\u0131 Go\u015fevnay (1544-1569), bilindi\u011fi gibi, Moskova\u2019da kilisede vaftiz edilip Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Mariya ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan ilk Rus \u00e7ar\u0131 Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019a nikahlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (1561). -HCY
\n7)<\/strong> \u201cH\u2019\u0131t\u2019uale\u201d (\u0425\u044b\u04421\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044d)-Karadeniz ile Azak Denizi aras\u0131ndaki Ker\u00e7 Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Adigece ad\u0131. -HCY
\n8) <\/strong>Prof. Abu \u015ehalaho\u2019nun bu yaz\u0131ya konu olan kitab\u0131n\u0131n 1990\u2019da yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Redede-Mstislav olay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden bin y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir zaman (998 y\u0131l) ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. -HCY<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"