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Avni \u00d6zg\u00fcrel<\/strong> Bu eski \u015fark\u0131 ve \u00f6yk\u00fclerimizde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015fl\u0131ca eksiklik, olaylar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi tarihin belirtmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun kurulu\u015fundan tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmesine kadar, saray ve harem herkesin ilgisini \u00e7ekti. Osmanl\u0131’ya mahsus bir \u015fey de\u011fildi harem; ama, var oldu\u011fu hi\u00e7bir yerde Osmanl\u0131’daki kadar etkin olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n Orta Asya’da T\u00fcrk hakanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zdeleri \u00c7inli prenseslerdi. T\u00fcrk sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin en kolay yolu olarak bunu g\u00f6ren \u00c7inliler, sonradan, prenseslerin g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrklerle birlikte olmak istememesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, soylular\u0131n yerine s\u0131radan cariyeleri g\u00f6nderdiler. Sel\u00e7uklu saray\u0131nda ise Rum, G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve Ermeni k\u0131zlar vard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 kurulu\u015funda ‘mavi kanl\u0131’, yani soylu k\u0131zlara y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n H\u00fck\u00fcmdar ve \u015fehzadelerin e\u015f olarak se\u00e7tikleri k\u0131z\u0131n ya Anadolu beylerinin ya da Karadeniz \u00e7evresinde k\u00fcmelenmi\u015f devletlerin prensesleri olmas\u0131na dikkat ediliyordu. Ancak sonradan bu \u00e2det tamamen terk edildi ve harem b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ya esir al\u0131narak \u0130stanbul’a getirilmi\u015f ya da esir pazar\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilip al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f g\u00fczel kad\u0131nlar toplulu\u011fu haline geldi.<\/p>\n Son y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar haremde \u0130talyan, Frans\u0131z, S\u0131rp, Rus, Ukraynal\u0131, \u00c7erkez, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Ermeni, Rum k\u00f6kenli k\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yoktu. Nas\u0131l ki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta esir al\u0131n\u0131p Enderun’da e\u011fitilen ve devlet hizmetine al\u0131nan erkek \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in devletin en \u00fcst kademesine kadar y\u00fckselme imk\u00e2n\u0131 varsa, harem kad\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de valide sultanl\u0131k makam\u0131na kadar t\u0131rmanmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u0130\u00e7lerinde ‘saltanat naipli\u011fi’ yapanlar, devletin kendisinden soruldu\u011fu konuma gelenler de \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 saray\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hepsi ‘hizmetk\u00e2r’ manas\u0131nda cariyeydi. Tamam\u0131n\u0131n ‘g\u00fczel’ oldu\u011fu da esasen hayalden ibaret. \u00c7o\u011fu temizlik hizmetlerinde, ayak i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kad\u0131nlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Pek az\u0131 g\u00fczelli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla se\u00e7ilerek saraya gelmi\u015fti, bunlar i\u00e7inden de istisnai durumlar hari\u00e7, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc padi\u015fah\u0131n ‘fira\u015f\u0131na’ (yata\u011f\u0131na) ula\u015fabilmi\u015fti. Genellikle sava\u015f ganimeti aras\u0131nda gelirler, ordu kumandanlar\u0131 ve valiler, h\u00fck\u00fcmdara hediye g\u00f6ndermek istediklerinde ‘paket’e ili\u015ftirilirlerdi. Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n anneleri ve k\u0131z karde\u015fleri de ailenin y\u00fcz\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131 konumundaki erke\u011fe ‘lay\u0131k k\u0131z’ bulmak i\u00e7in esircilerle anla\u015f\u0131r, ellerine ‘g\u00fczel bir par\u00e7a’ ge\u00e7ti\u011finde onu k\u0131sa bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k devresinin ard\u0131ndan vesile yaratarak taht sahibine ‘sunma’n\u0131n derdine d\u00fc\u015ferlerdi… B\u00f6ylelikle dikkati \u00e7ekip ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre ‘g\u00f6zde’ mevkiine y\u00fckselmek yetmezdi \u015f\u00fcphesiz bu k\u0131zlara. Zira bu konumun garantisi yoktu. Yeni gelen biri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden birden g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp ‘odal\u0131k’ mevkiine itilebilirlerdi. T\u0131rman\u0131\u015f ancak padi\u015fahtan hamile kalmakla ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7ti. Do\u011furmak, hatta \u015fehzade do\u011furmakla imtiyaz sahibi olurlard\u0131. Hasekilik, kad\u0131n efendilik ise ger\u00e7ek manada ‘sarayl\u0131 olmak’ demekti. \u015eehzade anneleri i\u00e7in tek dert \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 taht\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 elde edip edemeyecekleriydi. Bu zirve yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok erkek \u00e7ocu\u011funun hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini hepsi bilirdi. Ancak valide sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131ran konumu, \u015fans ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olursa olsun yar\u0131\u015ftan koparmazd\u0131 hi\u00e7birini. K\u0131sa bir zamanda pe\u015f pe\u015fe tahttan indirilip \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 \u015fehzadelere bile f\u0131rsat tan\u0131yan bir sistemin i\u00e7indeydiler \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun son y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda esir pazarlar\u0131 g\u00fczel k\u0131zlar\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, ‘hizmet\u00e7i ticareti’nin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler haline gelmi\u015fti. Galibiyetle biten sava\u015flar azald\u0131k\u00e7a esir k\u0131zlar; toprak kayb\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131yla ‘hediye k\u0131zlar’ gelmemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Giderek harem zenci halay\u0131klar ve ‘gedikli’ odal\u0131klar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130brenin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiren Rusya oldu. Kafkaslarda mutlak h\u00e2kimiyet sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyen \u00e7arlar\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fckleri \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda \u00c7e\u00e7enistan, Da\u011f\u0131stan ba\u015fta geliyordu. On binlerce aile da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131, sald\u0131r\u0131lardan can\u0131n\u0131 kurtaranlar ilk f\u0131rsatta solu\u011fu Anadolu’da, \u0130stanbul’da ald\u0131lar. G\u00fczel k\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde saray sadece kendileri i\u00e7in de\u011fil aileleri i\u00e7in de ‘kurtulu\u015f’tu. Nitekim \u00e7o\u011fu ana-babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan getirildi hareme. Padi\u015fah\u0131n iltifat\u0131na nail olamasa bile k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131, gelece\u011fi garantide olacak, uyum g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi takdirde oradan gelin olarak \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131. G\u00fczellikleriyle ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 olan \u00c7erkez k\u0131zlara ilgi sarayla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fcst seviyede g\u00f6revlinin kona\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da renklendirdiler. \u00c7erkez gelin almak, \u00c7erkez k\u0131zla evlenmek moda oldu. Evinden, erke\u011finden ba\u015fka kimsenin kulu k\u00f6lesi olmayan manas\u0131nda, ‘kul cinsi’ diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ald\u0131klar\u0131 terbiye ‘erkek toplumu’ olan Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n ya\u015fam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uygundu. Di\u011fer halklara mensup kad\u0131nlar\u0131n aksine \u015firretlikten, h\u0131rstan eser yoktu onlarda. Nitekim Osmanl\u0131 saray\u0131nda valide sultan veya han\u0131m sultanlar i\u00e7inde sebep oldu\u011fu olaylarla iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bir tek \u00c7erkez kad\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta, ‘sarayl\u0131’ demek \u00c7erkez demekle e\u015fanlaml\u0131 olup \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7erkez erkekleri de Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131’n\u0131n en g\u00fcvenilir karakterleri aras\u0131na girdiler bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2. Abd\u00fclhamid’in \u00f6zel muhaf\u0131z k\u0131tas\u0131 \u00c7erkezlerden olu\u015fuyordu, ordunun en sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 komutanlar\u0131 \u00c7erkez as\u0131ll\u0131 olanlard\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r’daki Abbasiye Askeri Mektebi’nde e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra \u0130stanbul’a gelen Kuzey Irak’ta g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yararl\u0131klar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Karada\u011f sava\u015flar\u0131nda Ahmet Muhtar Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n maiyetinde g\u00f6revlendirilen Fuat Pa\u015fa da onlardan biriydi. G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn karal\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ‘Deli’ lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lan bir insand\u0131. 1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ‘Elena Kahraman\u0131’ diye \u00fcnlenmi\u015fti. Ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131kla anla\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in as\u0131ls\u0131z su\u00e7lamalara ‘Padi\u015faha suikast d\u00fczenlemek’ dahil \u00e7e\u015fitli iftiralara maruz kald\u0131, \u015eam’a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn gitti. Ger\u00e7ek anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p \u0130stanbul’a \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutup \u0130stanbul savunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem kazanan ikinci Sazl\u0131dere Hatt\u0131’n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Sonraki y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul’da Mustafa Kemal’i a\u00e7\u0131ktan destekleyecek, Sivas Kongresi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 padi\u015fah Vahideddin’e tebli\u011f edip yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131yla Damat Ferid h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin d\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flayacak olan Fuat Pa\u015fa s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llarda, H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf Partisi’nin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00c7erkez derneklerince de desteklenmi\u015fti. \u00c7erkez gen\u00e7ler Ayaspa\u015fa’daki kona\u011f\u0131nda kendisini ziyaret ettiklerinde Pa\u015fa’dan “Saraydaki k\u0131zlar\u0131n azat edilmesi i\u00e7in arac\u0131l\u0131k yapmas\u0131n\u0131” istedi. Gen\u00e7ler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu konu ‘izzet-i nefs meselesi’ydi. Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00c7erkez k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00fczden ‘odal\u0131k’ muamelesi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Fuat Pa\u015fa gen\u00e7lere hak verdi: “\u00c7ocuklar biliyorsunuz ki ben o adama (Abd\u00fclhamid’e) darg\u0131n\u0131m. Fakat \u015funu bilin; kad\u0131n i\u015finde \u00f6yle pehrizk\u00e2r, o derece namusludur ki oradaki k\u0131zlar babalar\u0131n\u0131n evinden ziyade emniyettedirler. Bizden bir teklif vuku bulur bulmaz emin olun ki onlar\u0131 saraydan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Ama korkar\u0131m ki sonra bu k\u0131zlar ortal\u0131kta kal\u0131r, ziyan olur. K\u00f6yl\u00fclerin i\u015fine yaramazlar, onlar da k\u00f6yl\u00fcy\u00fc be\u011fenmez. Esnaf z\u00fcmresiyle de yapamazlar. Bununla birlikte namus meselesi deyi\u015finize hak verdi\u011fim i\u00e7in padi\u015fahtan onlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyece\u011fim…”<\/p>\n O s\u0131rada, ‘esirli\u011fin ve esir ticaretinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na’ dair bir uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme kabul edildi\u011fi, bu karar\u0131n uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere’nin takibine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisi gelmi\u015fti. Fuat Pa\u015fa bunu f\u0131rsat bilerek \u0130ngiltere b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isini de bilgilendirerek 2. Abd\u00fclhamid nezdinde giri\u015fimde bulundu. Saray iste\u011fin ula\u015fmas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn sonra beklenen ferman\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Saraydaki \u00c7erkez k\u0131zlara da art\u0131k serbest olduklar\u0131 tebli\u011f edildi. Osmanl\u0131 hareminin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 manas\u0131na geliyordu olan bitenler… \u00c7erkez derneklerinin giri\u015fimiyle \u00e7o\u011fu k\u0131z memleketlerine, ailelerinin yan\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. Kalanlara ise bir miktar maa\u015f ba\u011flanarak, saraydaki mevcudiyetlerine me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Avni Özgürel Radikal, 22 Haziran 2003 Bu eski şarkı ve öykülerimizde karşılaştığımız başlıca eksiklik, olayların geçtiği tarihin belirtmemiş olmasıdır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun kuruluşundan tarih sahnesinden çekilmesine kadar, saray ve harem herkesin ilgisini çekti. Osmanlı’ya mahsus bir şey değildi harem; ama, var olduğu hiçbir yerde Osmanlı’daki kadar etkin olmadı. Orta Asya’da Türk hakanlarının gözdeleri Çinli prenseslerdi. Türk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11359"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11361,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11359\/revisions\/11361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/span><\/span> Radikal, 22 Haziran 2003<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n Sultanl\u0131k yolu<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nM\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015fehzade do\u011furmak, onlardan hi\u00e7 de\u011filse biri ile ‘valide sultan aday\u0131’n\u0131n hedefe varma ihtimalini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirirdi. O y\u00fczden kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131ndaki rekabet daha k\u0131y\u0131c\u0131, daha gaddarcayd\u0131.
\n ‘Hediye k\u0131zlar’ devri ge\u00e7ti<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n Deli Fuat Pa\u015fa<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n Gen\u00e7lerin ricas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n