{"id":11384,"date":"2019-03-25T11:44:10","date_gmt":"2019-03-25T16:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11384"},"modified":"2019-03-25T11:44:10","modified_gmt":"2019-03-25T16:44:10","slug":"adige-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/adige-tarihi\/","title":{"rendered":"AD\u0130GE TAR\u0130H\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Little \u0130nfo<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n eteklerinde ve Terk ile Kuban nehirleri yataklar\u0131na kadar uzanan bay\u0131r ve vadilerde oturan kavim. Adigelerin ne zaman Kafkasya’ya geldikleri tam olarak bilinememekle birlikte eldeki bulgular Adigelerin tarihinin M\u00d6 6000 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Adigelerin Avrupa’da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f vah\u015fi kavimlerle alakalar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Asya’dan gelen Mo\u011follarla da bir ilgileri yoktur. Kafkasya’n\u0131n en g\u00fczel ve en m\u00fckemmel k\u0131yafetli, soylu bir ulustur. Eski zamanlardan beri Kafkasya’y\u0131 fetheden fetheden devletlere tabi olmak zorunda kalan Adigeler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet kuramam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak hi\u00e7bir ulusun idaresinde kendi dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini kaybetmemi\u015flerdir. \u00c7esitli gruplar halinde ya\u015fayan Adige kabilelerinin en \u00f6nemlileri Abzegh veya Abadzeh, Bjedugh, Shapsugh, Natukuay, Temirgoy, Besleney, Hakusi, Kabardey’dir.<\/p>\n

Tarih<\/p>\n

<\/b>Adigelerin Kafkasya’daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00d6 6000’lere de\u011fin dayan\u0131r. M\u00d6 3000’lerde tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bak\u0131r\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131, seramik e\u015fya ve daha sonra da tun\u00e7tan aletler yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Sindo-Moet olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan kavimlerden geldi\u011fi kabul edilen Adigeler, M\u00d6 6. yy.da Kuzey\u2019de \u0130skitkerle, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda da Yunanlarla kom\u015fuydular. \u0130skitler ve Yunanlarla kurulan ili\u015fkiler, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Adige kentleri ve yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u00d6 5. yy.da merkezi Gorgippa (bug\u00fcn Anapa) olmak \u00fczere Bosporos Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda kurulan Sind Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iki y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra Bosporos Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Boshoros Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n M\u00d6 3. yy.da ekonomik ve askeri \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecine girmesinden yararlanan \u0130skitlerin izleyicisi Sarmatlar M\u00d6 2. yy.da Kuzey Kafkasya topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Adigeler Sarmatlar\u0131 ancak MS 1. yy.da Mani\u00e7 \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kuzey\u2019ine s\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015farabildiler. Sarmatlardan sonra 4. ve 5. yy.larda Alanlar ve Hunlar geldi. Hun sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu k\u0131y\u0131 kentleri ve deniz ticareti yok oldu ve Adigeler verimli topraklar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hepsini yitirdi.<\/p>\n

1220’de Kafkasya’y\u0131 istila etmeye ba\u015flayan Mo\u011follar Adigelerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve Alanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu yok ettiler. Bunu izleyen Alt\u0131n Ordu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yitiren Adigeler, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Alanlar\u0131n baz\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 boyunca uzanan bu yeni topraklar \u00fczerinde 14.yy.da Kabardey b\u00f6lgesi olu\u015ftu. Alt\u0131n Ordu devletinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra daha \u00f6nce yitirdikleri topraklar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 geri alan Adigeler bu kez de K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na hedef oldular. K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Adigeleri a\u011f\u0131r bir vergiye ba\u011flamas\u0131 Adigelerin Rusya’ya yakla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu zorunlu yak\u0131nla\u015fma Rusya’n\u0131n Kuzey Kafkasya’y\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde kolonile\u015ftirmesini de beraberinde getirdi. Adige-Rus dostlu\u011fu 18. yy.a de\u011fin s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Rusya ve Avusturya ile girdi\u011fi sava\u015flara son veren 1739 Belgrat Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Kabardey b\u00f6lgesi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale getirildi. Rus yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kayg\u0131 duyan Adigeler, 1768-74 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131lar ama sava\u015f Ruslar\u0131n zaferi ve Kabardey b\u00f6lgesinin ilhak edilmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Bu arada K\u0131r\u0131m’\u0131 ve Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Kuzey\u2019indeki Adige topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ilhak eden G\u00fcrcistan’\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na alan Ruslar, Mozdok’tan ba\u015flay\u0131p Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Kuzey\u2019inden Karadeniz’e ve Tereke Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey\u2019inden Hazar Denizi’ne uzanan m\u00fcstahkem bir hat olu\u015fturdular. Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131 buna tepki olarak \u0130mam Mansur \u00f6nderli\u011finde ayakland\u0131lar ve 1787-91 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015ft\u0131lar ama sava\u015f Ruslar\u0131n Ker\u00e7 Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n denetimini ve Anapa’y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n

1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131lar Adigeya \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131ndan Rusya lehine vazge\u00e7ti. 1838’de Adigeler’in elindeki So\u00e7i ve Tuapse limanlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Ruslar i\u00e7 kesimlere do\u011fru yeni kaleler ve karakollar in\u015fa etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Egemenlik alan\u0131 gitgide daralan Adigeler Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015ftiler. Da\u011f\u0131stan ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya’da Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden \u015eeyh \u015eamil, Adigelerle birle\u015fmek i\u00e7in 1846’da Kabardey b\u00f6lgesine gitti ama bu birle\u015fme Adigelerce kabul g\u00f6rmedi. 1848’de bu kez naibi Muhammed Emin b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderildi.1853-55 K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Adigeler Novorssiysk kentini ve Taman Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Ruslardan geri ald\u0131lar. \u015eeyh \u015eamil’in 1859’da teslim olmas\u0131ndan sonra Rus H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Adigeleri topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karma karar\u0131 ald\u0131 ve ilk Adige s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1862’de harekete ge\u00e7en Ruslar, Adige k\u00f6ylerini bas\u0131p yakmaya, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olanaks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de tarlalar\u0131 tahrip ederek halk\u0131 Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. May\u0131s 1864’te Ruslar So\u00e7i ve Tuapse kentlerini i\u015fgal ettiler. Adigeya bu tarihten ba\u015flayarak Adige n\u00fcfusundan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca k\u0131y\u0131boyu Shapsugh’da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir Adige n\u00fcfusunun (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Adigeler) kalmas\u0131na izin verildi. As\u0131l Adige n\u00fcfusu ise Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi. Gemilere bindirilen Adigeler, Karadeniz’in Anadolu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki limanlara, \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmit, \u0130zmir, Ege Adalar\u0131, Rodos ve K\u0131br\u0131s’a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de Burgaz, Varna ve K\u00f6stence’ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek Balkanlar’a yerle\u015ftirildi. G\u00f6\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7l\u0131k ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 100 binlerce Adige \u00f6ld\u00fc. Anadolu’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilen Adigelerde yo\u011fun olarak Orta ve Bat\u0131 Karadeniz, Kuzeybat\u0131, Bat\u0131, \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 ve Orta Anadolu’ya yerle\u015ftirildiler. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve yerle\u015ftirme giderleri Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nce kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. 1830’da 1 milyonun \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen Kafkasya’daki Adige n\u00fcfusu sava\u015flar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden sonra 145 bine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

27 \u015eubat 1917’de Adige halk\u0131n\u0131 anavatanlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcren Rusya \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve \u00c7ar II. Nikola tahttan indirildi. Bundan sonra ilk olarak Kuban ve Terek y\u00f6netim birimlerinde temsil edilen Adigeler \u00f6zerklik istediler ve Ekim 1917 Devrimi’nden sonra Da\u011f\u0131stan ve Terek’te ya\u015fayan Kuzey Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmek \u00fczere 1 Aral\u0131k 1917’de Vladikavkaz’da (bug\u00fcn Orkonikidze) kurulan Terek-Da\u011f\u0131stan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Sovyetleri tan\u0131mayan Kuban ve Don yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ile birlikte olu\u015fturdu\u011fu G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Birli\u011fi’nin y\u00f6netimi Mart 1918’de Sovyetlere ge\u00e7ti. Sovyetlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan general Denikin 1919’da Terek ve Kuban’\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiyse de, Sovyetler Mart 1920’de duruma yeniden egemen oldu. Kas\u0131m1920’de Rus SFSC’ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131stan ve Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6SSC kuruldu. Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6SSC i\u00e7inde bir ulusal il (okrug) olu\u015fturan Kabardey Adigeleri, 1 Eyl\u00fcl 1921’de Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6SSC’den ayr\u0131larak Kabardey \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim birimini (oblast) kurdular. 1922’de de Kabardey-Balkar, Kara\u00e7ay Adige ve Adigey \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim birimleri kuruldu. Daha sonra Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Shapsugh Ulusal il (okrug) olu\u015fturuldu. 5 Aral\u0131k 1936’da ise bug\u00fcn Adigelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kabarday-Balkar \u00d6SSC kuruldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Little İnfo Batı Kafkas sıradağlarının eteklerinde ve Terk ile Kuban nehirleri yataklarına kadar uzanan bayır ve vadilerde oturan kavim. Adigelerin ne zaman Kafkasya’ya geldikleri tam olarak bilinememekle birlikte eldeki bulgular Adigelerin tarihinin MÖ 6000 yıllarına kadar uzandığını göstermektedir. Adigelerin Avrupa’da yaşamış vahşi kavimlerle alakaları olmadığı gibi, Asya’dan gelen Moğollarla da bir ilgileri yoktur. Kafkasya’nın en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11384"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11386,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11384\/revisions\/11386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}