{"id":11387,"date":"2019-03-25T12:06:24","date_gmt":"2019-03-25T17:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11387"},"modified":"2019-03-25T12:06:24","modified_gmt":"2019-03-25T17:06:24","slug":"cerkes-teavun-cemiyeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/cerkes-teavun-cemiyeti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ERKES TEAV\u00dcN CEM\u0130YET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Elmas Zeynep Aksoy<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span> Toplumsal Tarih, Eyl\u00fcl 2003<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 4 te\u015frin-i sani 1324 (1) tarihinde \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti (2) \u0130stanbul\u2019da faaliyete ge\u00e7ti. (3) Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Mare\u015fal Merted Abdullah Pa\u015fa, Mare\u015fal Berzeg Zeki Pa\u015fa, Gazi Muhammed Faz\u0131l Pa\u015fa, general Pooh Nazmi Pa\u015fa, General \u015ehapl\u0131 Osman Pa\u015fa, Loh Ahmet Hamdi Pa\u015fa gibi isimlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; Adige grameri \u00fczerine ilk eseri veren ayd\u0131nlardan Ahmet Cavit Therkhet Pa\u015fa, Kafkas Tarihi, Kadim Kafkasya gibi eserleri kaleme alan Met \u00c7unatko \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa, Tarihte Kafkasya adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 \u0130smail Berkok, Osmanl\u0131dan roman\u0131n temelini atanlardan biri olan Ahmet Mithat Efendi ( Hagur ) cemiyetin aktif birer \u00fcyesiydi. (4)<\/span><\/p>\n

Talimatnamesinin birinci maddesine g\u00f6re cemiyetin kurulu\u015f amac\u0131, \u201canayasa ve dan\u0131\u015fma usul\u00fcn\u00fcn ve me\u015frutiyetin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn devam\u0131, \u00c7erkezler\u2019in e\u011fitim, ticaret ve tar\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geli\u015fmelerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve herkesin g\u00fczel buldu\u011fu, yasalara uygun bulunan ulusal geleneklerin korunmas\u0131 gibi hay\u0131rl\u0131 gayelere hizmet etmek ve merkezi \u0130stanbul\u2019da olmak \u00fczere \u00c7erkez \u0130ttihad ve Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ad\u0131yla bir dernek kurulmu\u015ftur.\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (5)<\/span><\/p>\n

Doktor Vasfi G\u00fcsar\u2019\u0131n 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kafkasya Dergisi\u2019nde yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bahsetti\u011fi \u00fczere \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundaki \u00f6nemli bir ama\u00e7 da anayurt Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Kafkasya demek, Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in kuzeyden gelmesi ola\u011fan sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7ilmez bir duvar demekti. Bu konuda daha aktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin fark\u0131na varan \u00c7erkez ayd\u0131nlar, \u00c7erkez \u0130ttihat ve Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019nin siyasi kolu olan \u015eimali Kafkasya Cemiyeti\u2019ni kurmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019nin ilk faaliyet alan\u0131, Kafkasya\u2019da okullar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r. 1910 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda D\u00fczceli \u0130brahim X\u0131zelt Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen ilk \u00f6\u011fretmen olmu\u015ftur. Gitti\u011fi yer olan Kuban b\u00f6lgesinde Prenexes k\u00f6y\u00fcnde alt\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 \u00f6zel bir okul a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. Okuldaki dersler \u00c7erkezce okutuluyordu. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131ftan itibaren Rus\u00e7a dersler veriliyordu. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nuri Tsa\u011fe de, Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Nuri Tsa\u011fe, Nal\u00e7ik\u2019te bir lise bir de \u00f6\u011fretmen okulu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca dernek \u00fcyelerinden Yusuf Suat Ne\u011fu\u00e7 da g\u00f6nderilenler aras\u0131nda bulunuyordu. (6)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hem\u015ferilerine ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u011euaze (yol g\u00f6steren, k\u0131lavuz) ad\u0131nda bir gazete \u00e7\u0131kartmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Gazetenin ilk say\u0131s\u0131 2 Nisan 1911\u2019de \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mtiyaz sahibi Yusuf Suat Ne\u011fu\u00e7, m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ise Tevfik Talat\u2019t\u0131r. Toplam 57 say\u0131 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. On be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck ve haftal\u0131k olarak \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (7) \u0130lk ba\u015flarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131kan gazete a\u011fustos ay\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve \u00c7erkezce \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u011euaze sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00c7erkezlerin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 de\u011fildi.Bu gazete Irak, Suriye, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019e de gidiyordu. \u011euaze\u2019de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik alanda bir\u00e7ok makaleler \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, anayurttan haberler verilmi\u015ftir. \u011euaze T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan ilk \u00c7erkez gazetesiydi. \u0130ki y\u0131l s\u00fcrekli \u00e7\u0131kan gazete Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda kapand\u0131. (8)<\/span><\/p>\n

Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019nin faaliyetleri aras\u0131nda bulunan di\u011fer \u00f6nemli konu ise haremdeki \u00c7erkez han\u0131mlar\u0131yd\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l, sarayda \u00c7erkez han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdi. Ve bu durum \u00c7erkez ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 rahats\u0131z ediyor, haremdeki han\u0131mlar\u0131n k\u00f6ylerine, ailelerine geri d\u00f6nmeleri i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Dernek bu i\u015fi ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in \u00c7erkez Deli Fuat Pa\u015fa\u2019dan yard\u0131m istemi\u015ftir. Pa\u015fa, II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019e darg\u0131n oldu\u011fundan \u0130ngiliz el\u00e7ili\u011fi m\u00fcste\u015far\u0131 Fi\u00e7 Moris\u2019i araya sokmu\u015ftur. Yap\u0131lan giri\u015fimler sonucunda haremdeki \u00c7erkez k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n saraydan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p ailelerinin yanlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmeleri sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (9) Cemiyet ayr\u0131ca Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde devam eden \u00c7erkez k\u00f6leli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Sadaret\u2019e ve Meclis\u2019e dilek\u00e7eler yollam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (10) Bu faaliyetlerin \u00c7erkez k\u00f6leli\u011finin yasaklanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cemiyet i\u00e7in di\u011fer bir konu da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00c7erkez okullar\u0131yd\u0131. Kafkasya\u2019daki okullar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ilgilenmi\u015fti. Ama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurulacak okullarla \u00c7erkez Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ilgilenecekti. Bu cemiyet de \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti gibi \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019nin bir koluydu. 1918 y\u0131l\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda kurulan cemiyetin kurucular\u0131 be\u015f \u00c7erkez kad\u0131nd\u0131. Bunlar Hayriye Melek Hon\u00e7, Makbule Berzek, Emine Re\u015fit Zalique, Seza Pooh ve Faika Han\u0131m\u2019d\u0131r. (11)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkez Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck amac\u0131, bir okul a\u00e7mak ve \u00c7erkez \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ulusal dil ve gelenekleri ile yeti\u015fmelerini sa\u011flamakt\u0131. O s\u0131ralarda Akaretlerde mali durumu bozulmu\u015f, kapanmak \u00fczere olan bir ilkokul vard\u0131. Yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma ile bu okul \u201c\u00c7erkez Numune Okulu\u201d (12) ad\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu okul alt\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 \u00f6zel bir okuldu. \u0130lk ve ortaokul dengiydi. Okulun en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ilk defa M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir tebaaya ait bir okulda k\u0131z ve erkek \u00f6\u011frencilerin ayn\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda birlikte ders g\u00f6rmesiydi. Ayr\u0131ca 4-6 ya\u015f \u00f6\u011frencileri i\u00e7in de bir anas\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 konmu\u015ftu. (13) Derslerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00c7erkesce\u2019ydi. Bu okul sadece \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in de\u011fil kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in de bir e\u011fitim yeriydi. Okulun bir de diki\u015f hanesi vard\u0131. Burada mali durumlar\u0131 yetersi olan \u00c7erkez kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Okulda temel derslerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra jimnastik ve beden e\u011fitimi dersleri de veriliyordu. \u00d6\u011frencilere polka, mazurka, kadril, vals gibi d\u00f6nemin moda olan danslar\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretiliyor, ayr\u0131ca dil ve piyano kurslar\u0131 da veriliyordu. (14)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frencilerden sadece ayl\u0131k al\u0131n\u0131yordu. Bununla kira, gerekli giderler ve birka\u00e7 y\u00f6netici ve \u00f6\u011fretmenin maa\u015flar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yordu. \u0130lk ve orta okul dengi olan bu \u00f6zel okulun \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 150-180 aras\u0131ndayd\u0131, her s\u0131n\u0131fta 25-30 ki\u015fi okuyordu. (15) Dersler \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019nin kabul etti\u011fi Latin alfabesi ile yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Okulun \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tiyatro salonu ve sahnesi vard\u0131. Erkek ve k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenciler bu sahnede \u00c7erkez ulusal k\u0131yafetleri ile oynuyor, piyesler haz\u0131rl\u0131yordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019nin yaymak istedi\u011fi temel konulardan biri de \u00c7erkesce’nin Latin alfabesi ile yaz\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan ilk ki\u015fi Ahmet Cavit Therkhet Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r. Ahmet Cavit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n alfabesi 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap harfleriyle bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Latin harfleriyle alfabe yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan \u00c7erkezce alfabe \u00fc\u00e7 tanedir. Bunlar \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ve \u015eimali Kafkasya Cemiyeti\u2019nin ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm di\u011fer cemiyet ve okullarda hatta Kafkasya\u2019da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu alfabeler \u015f\u00f6yledir.: H\u00fcseyin \u015eami T\u00fcmer taraf\u0131ndan 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan Adige Saerf (\u00c7erkezce dilbilgisi), 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Blenav Batuk taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan Latin esasl\u0131 Adige Alfabesi ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak da Be\u015fikta\u015f \u0130nan Terakki M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Mustafa Butbay taraf\u0131ndan yine 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan \u00c7erkez Abhaz Elifbas\u0131. Bu alfabelerden ba\u015fka \u00e7e\u015fitli tarihlerde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka alfabeler de vard\u0131r. (16)<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile cemiyetin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan \u011euaze kapanm\u0131\u015f, cemiyet \u00fcyelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sava\u015fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yararl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00c7erkezler aras\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131m \u00e7ok fazlayd\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yenilgisi \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul\u2019a giren \u0130ngilizler, Beyo\u011flu\u2019ndaki \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u2019ni kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (17)<\/span><\/p>\n

Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli konulardan biri de \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d sorunuydu. \u0130ngiliz D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Lord Curzon ile T\u00fcrk delegasyonu ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa aras\u0131nda az\u0131nl\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda uzun tart\u0131\u015fmalar ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n birinin konusunu da \u00c7erkezler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Curzon, \u00c7erkezlerin az\u0131nl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcne konulmas\u0131nda \u0131srar etmi\u015f, \u0130smet Pa\u015fa ise \u201c\u00c7erkezler bizim \u00f6z karde\u015fimizdi. Onlar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan ve Museviler gibi bizden ayr\u0131 g\u00f6remeyiz, ay\u0131ramay\u0131z\u201d demi\u015f ve 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019te imzalanan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile \u00c7erkezlere az\u0131nl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fc tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (18) Bu antla\u015fmadan bir ay sonra ise \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ile \u0130stanbul \u00c7erkez Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7erkez Numune Okulu ise Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul Maarif M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne verdi\u011fi emirle 5 Eyl\u00fcl 1923 tarihinde kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dipnotlar
\n<\/b> <\/span>1-<\/span><\/b>17 Kas\u0131m 1908
\n2-<\/b>\u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti bir\u00e7ok belgede \u00c7erkez \u0130ttihat ve Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti olarak ge\u00e7mektedir. Farkl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcken bu iki cemiyet asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bkz. Sefer E. Berzeg, \u201cGurbetteki Kafkasya\u2019dan Belgeler\u201d , Ankara, 1985.
\n3-<\/b>\u201c\u015eimali Kafkasya Cemiyeti ve \u015eubelerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 1919 tarihli bir talimatname\u201d . Kuzey Kafkasya Dergisi, say\u0131 69, s.12-14
\n4-<\/b>“\u00c7erkes Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti” , Kafkasya Dergisi, no. 47 (1975), s. 28.
\n5-<\/b>\u201c\u015eimali Kafkasya Cemiyeti ve \u015eubelerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 1919 tarihli bir talimatname\u201d , Kuzey Kafkasya Dergisi, no. 69 , s. 12-14
\n6-<\/b>“\u00c7erkes Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti” , Kafkasya Dergisi, no. 47 (1975), s.28.
\n7-<\/b>agm, s.33.
\n8-<\/b>agm, s.33.
\n9-<\/b>Hasan Amca, \u201c\u00c7erkez K\u0131zlar\u0131 Saraydan Ni\u00e7in \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?” Yeni Tarih D\u00fcnyas\u0131, no.1 s. 24-25
\n10-<\/b>Zafer G\u00f6len, “\u00c7erkez K\u00f6leli\u011fini \u00d6nlemeye Y\u00f6nelik Faaliyetler” , Toplumsal tarih, no. 57 (1998), s. 54.
\n11-<\/b>Vasfi G\u00fcsar “\u00c7erkez Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti” , Kafkasya Dergisi, no. 48 (1975), s. 21
\n12-<\/b>Baz\u0131 yerlerde \u00c7erkez \u00d6rnek Okulu olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\n13-<\/b>Vasfi G\u00fcsar, agm, s. 22.
\n14-<\/b>agm, s. 46.
\n15-<\/b>Vasfi G\u00fcsar, agm, s. 24.
\n16-<\/b>Hu\u015ft Fatih \u0130\u015fler\u2019in internetteki bir yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n17-<\/b>“\u00c7erkes Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti”, s. 36.
\n18-<\/b> Vasfi G\u00fcsar, agm, s. 24. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elmas Zeynep Aksoy Toplumsal Tarih, Eylül 2003 Meşrutiyetin ilanının ardından, 4 teşrin-i sani 1324 (1) tarihinde Çerkez Teavün Cemiyeti (2) İstanbul’da faaliyete geçti. (3) Osmanlı ordusunun önde gelen isimlerinden Mareşal Merted Abdullah Paşa, Mareşal Berzeg Zeki Paşa, Gazi Muhammed Fazıl Paşa, general Pooh Nazmi Paşa, General Şhaplı Osman Paşa, Loh Ahmet Hamdi Paşa gibi isimlerin 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