{"id":11405,"date":"2019-03-25T12:20:11","date_gmt":"2019-03-25T17:20:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11405"},"modified":"2019-03-25T12:20:11","modified_gmt":"2019-03-25T17:20:11","slug":"tufan-oncesi-kafkas-kistagi-kayitlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/tufan-oncesi-kafkas-kistagi-kayitlari\/","title":{"rendered":"TUFAN \u00d6NCES\u0130 KAFKAS KISTA\u011eI KAYITLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Reginald Aubrey Fessenden<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u00c7eviri: I\u015f\u0131tan G\u00fcnd\u00fcz<\/span><\/p>\n

Deluged Civilization of the Caucaus Isthmus\u2019da (Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131) yazar, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Babil ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n be\u015fi\u011fi olabilece\u011fine; bu uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n kendi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tuttuklar\u0131na; ve bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n Terek<\/em>[1]<\/a> ve Sunsha aras\u0131ndaki adac\u0131k ile yukar\u0131 Alizon vadisinde bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin kay\u0131tlar sunmu\u015ftur.<\/em>
\n<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ke\u015fif gezileri
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 arkeologlar ve antropologlar taraf\u0131ndan son derece olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum yazar\u0131, kay\u0131tlar\u0131n nerede bulunabilece\u011fini \u00e7ok daha kesin ve a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde saptama konusunda cesaretlendirmi\u015f ve onda gelecek yaz bunlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir ya da daha \u00e7ok ke\u015fif gezisi d\u00fczenleme umudunu yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Veriler<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Bat\u0131k Uygal\u0131k\u2019a ek olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki aktar\u0131mlar da vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Manetho<\/em><\/strong>[2]<\/a> – <\/em> <\/strong>\u00a0\u201cPtolemy Philadelphus zaman\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r putperest tap\u0131nak-lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst d\u00fczey rahiplerinden Manetho ve Sebennyte yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r hane-danlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin belli al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131labilece\u011fi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131, kendi aktar\u0131m\u0131yla, birinci Hermes Troth taraf\u0131ndan Seriadic Topraklara dikilen\u00a0 sutunlara gizli bir dialekt ve hiyeroglif ile kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131tlardan kopyalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar Tufandan sonra gizli diyalekten hiyeroglifle Yunancaya \u00e7evrilmi\u015f ve\u00a0 ikinci Hermes Taut\u2019un o\u011flu Agadhodeaman taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0 hiyeroglifle bir kitaba yaz\u0131larak M\u0131s\u0131r tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n gizli odalar\u0131nda saklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (Syncellus\u2019dan, Chron. 40)<\/p>\n

Sanchuniathom <\/strong>\u201cVe\u00a0 <\/strong>Usous \u2026denizde tehlikeli bir yere gitmeye cesaret eden ilk ki\u015fiydi. Ve o iki an\u0131t s\u00fctunu ya da dikilita\u015f\u0131 Ate\u015f ve R\u00fczgar ad\u0131na kutsad\u0131. (Ur ve Al, yani Khur-Khal ya da Herculas dikili ta\u015flar\u0131) \u2026.. \u201cHer\u015feyden \u00f6nce Cabiri, Sydyk\u2019\u0131n yedi o\u011flu ile onlar\u0131n yedinci karde\u015fi Esmun, Tanr\u0131 Taatus\u2019un onlara buyurdu\u011fu gibi ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yazd\u0131. (Eu-sebius\u2019dan; Praeparatio Kutsal Kitab\u0131,1. Kitap, 6. B\u00f6l\u00fcm). M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Taatus ve Phoenician mitolojisinin Babil Taatu mitolojisiyle ayn\u0131 noktalara de\u011finip de\u011finmedi\u011fini bilmiyorum. \u0130sim \u201cBunlar i\u00e7in bir\u015feyler yapan\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Thraciansl\u0131 Thracians\u2019du. Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zel hizmetkar\u0131 y\u00f6neticisiydi.
\n
\nAmmianus Marcellinus<\/strong>[3]<\/a>– <\/strong>\u00a0Antik ayin ustalar\u0131n\u0131n (Tufan\u0131n gelece\u011fini bilen ve gizli t\u00f6renlerin izlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yok olmas\u0131ndan korkan) bin bir g\u00e7l\u00fckle kazarak yapt\u0131klar ve tap\u0131naklar\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlere yerle\u015ftirdikleri k\u0131vr\u0131mlarla dolu yer alt\u0131 dehlizleri ve galerileri vard\u0131. Ve d\u00fczledikleri duvarlara hiyeroglif ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri say\u0131s\u0131z ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc ve yabani hayvan ile\u00a0 \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6b\u00fcr d\u00fcnya yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131 oydular<\/p>\n

Josephus<\/strong>[4]<\/a> \u201c<\/strong>Do\u011fu\u015ftan iyi huylu olan Seth\u2019in o\u011fullar\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda dinlerine ba\u011fl\u0131, beladan uzak mutlu bir hayat s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131 ve t\u00fcm dikkatlerini g\u00f6ksel ki\u015filere ve onlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerine \u00e7evirmi\u015flerdi. Adem onlara \u00f6nce ate\u015fin kudreti ard\u0131ndan suyun kar\u015f\u0131 koyulmaz g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan her\u015feyin top yek\u00fcn yok edilece\u011fini haber vermi\u015fti. Ve onlar g\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyorlard\u0131. Biri tu\u011fladan \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc ta\u015ftan iki iki s\u00fctun dikerek her biri \u00fczerine kendi tarihlerini ve bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kaz\u0131d\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece tu\u011fla s\u00fctun sular taraf\u0131ndan yok edilecek ama ta\u015f s\u00fctun \u00fczerine kaydedilenler insanlara \u00f6\u011fretmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek ve daha \u00f6nce birtene de tu\u011fla s\u00fctunun dikildi\u011finden onlar\u0131 bilgilendirecekti. Bu s\u00fctun Siriad topraklar\u0131nda bu g\u00fcne kadar\u00a0 ayakta talm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (Antiquities, 1. Kitap b\u00f6l\u00fcm 2 ).<\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131lanlarda Hemfikir Olunan Noktalar<\/p>\n

<\/strong>M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 rahip Manetho, Fenikeli tarih\u00e7i Sanchuniatho ve Yahudi tarih\u00e7i Josephus taraf\u0131ndan aktar\u0131lanlar, di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re birbirleriyle daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7indedirler.
\n1.<\/strong> Kay\u0131tlar sutunlara Tufan\u2019dan \u00f6nce\u00a0 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n2.<\/strong> Hiyeroglif ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3.<\/strong> S\u00fctunlar Seriadic \u00fclkesindedir.
\n4.<\/strong> Bunlar Sydyk ya da Seth\u2019in (Cabiri) o\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n5.<\/strong> Tufan\u2019dan \u00f6nce ya da sonra yeralt\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel b\u00f6lmelerin duvarlar\u0131na ya da buralarda saklanan kitaplara hiyeroglifle kopyalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu aktar\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7evirileri Cory\u2019nin Ancient Fragments <\/em>ya da Meads\u2019in Thrice Greatest Hermest <\/em> kitaplar\u0131ndan\u00a0 bulunabilir<\/p>\n

Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Tufan Uyar\u0131lar\u0131
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131klar\u2019<\/em>da belirtildi\u011fi gibi Tufan<\/em>\u2019a ili\u015fkin \u00e7ok say\u0131da uyar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Pentateukhos<\/em>\u2019da[5]<\/a><\/strong> Nuh\u2019a, Babil\u2019de Atra-hasis<\/em>\u2019e[6]<\/a><\/strong> ili\u015fkin aktar\u0131lanlarda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck gemiler yapmaya ve Telchines Kos<\/em> (\u0130stank\u00f6y) adas\u0131nda koloni kurmaya zaman bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Yine sutunlar dikmek i\u00e7in de vakit vard\u0131. Berossus Tarihi\u2019nde ve Syncellus ile Eusebius\u2019un anlatt\u0131klar\u0131nda Tufan\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin alametlerin belirdi\u011fi oldukca a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kafkasyan\u0131n do\u011fusunda Kutup Okyanusu\u2019nun Asya Akdenizi<\/em> diye an\u0131lan denizle birle\u015fmesi bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6nemli bir i\u015fareti. Kutup Okyanusu ile Asya Akdenizi<\/em>\u2019nin ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 Strabon\u2019un haritas\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Hazar Denizi ile Aral ve Balka\u015f g\u00f6lleri Asya Akdenizi<\/em>\u2019nden geriye kalan su par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nuh ve Atra-hasis <\/em>aktar\u0131mlar\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 bir nokta vard\u0131r. Bir aktar\u0131mda Gemi\u2019den kar\u0131s\u0131 ve k\u0131lavuzuyla birlikte ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve\u00a0 ortadan kaybolur. Di\u011ferleri onun g\u00f6\u011fe \u00e7ekildi\u011fine inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir daha ona g\u00f6nderme yapmazlar. Ama \u00f6b\u00fcr anlat\u0131da, G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f, Tufan \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in onu eski evinde ziyarete gider.\u00a0 Buradan sanki o, kar\u0131s\u0131 ile klavuz topra\u011fa ayak basar basmaz hemen evlerine d\u00f6nerler. Pentateuahos<\/em>\u2019un bir versiyonunda Nuh\u2019un Tanr\u0131yla birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir, bu ifadenin Enoch\u2019da da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. B\u00f6ylece Tufan\u2019dan sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n di\u011ferlerinin ne oldu\u011fundan habersiz kuru yer bulur bulmaz d\u00f6rt bir yana da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 i\u015faretler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Seriadik Topraklar\u0131n Konumu
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/b>An\u0131tlar iki nedenden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da de\u011fildir: G\u00f6rece ge\u00e7 bir d\u00f6neme kadar\u00a0 y\u0131ld\u0131z de\u011fil sadece g\u00fcne\u015f anlam\u0131na geliyordu, e\u011fer Josephus M\u0131s\u0131r anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsa bo\u015f laf etmi\u015f demektir. Ayr\u0131ca elimde Siriadic topraklar\u0131n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r olamayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin elimde Fenike referanslar\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

\u201c-iadic\u201d formu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Siriadic kelimesinin anlam\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131-dakilerden biri olabilir:
\n1.<\/strong> G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesi\u00a0 (Seirios)
\n2.<\/strong> Kement kullananlar\u0131n \u00fclkesi\u00a0 (seira)
\n3.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/b> Seres \u00fclkesi<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n hepsi Kuzey Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda, yani Asya Sarmatya\u2019s\u0131nda[7]<\/a><\/strong> ayn\u0131 \u00fclkeydi. Euripides\u2019in Phaetron<\/em>\u2019undan[8]<\/a><\/strong> bu g\u00fcne kalan bir par\u00e7aya g\u00f6re buras\u0131 atlar\u0131n\u0131 bak\u0131p besledi\u011fi Ur ya da Appollo \u00fclkesiydi. Yunanca S\u00f6zl\u00fck\u2019te, Laddell ve Scott\u2019a g\u00f6re Seira <\/em>\u201ceski (antik) Sagatianlar ve Sarmatyal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda karma\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ucu ilmekli ip. Heredot 7.85; Paus. 1.21.8\u201d Ve Strabon (11.5.8) ile M\u00fcller\u2019in Ptolemy\u2019sine\u00a0 (s. 905) g\u00f6re Seres burada ya\u015fad\u0131. Daha sonra krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Hypanis (\u015fimdi Kuban) \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda kurmu\u015flard\u0131 ve yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re t\u00fcm k\u0131stasa yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Babil\u2019e ilk kervan yolunu Strabon\u2019un ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en yap\u0131t\u0131na g\u00f6re onlar kurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Sydyk\u2019\u0131n\u00a0 Anlam\u0131
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>Sydyk<\/em>\u2019\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilen yaz\u0131tlar \u00f6nemlidir \u00fcnk\u00fc sydyk<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anlam\u0131 \u201cg\u00f6\u011f g\u00f6stermek\u201dtir ve ithyphallic<\/em> an\u0131tlara bu ad veriliyordu. Yunanca\u00a0 sideunes<\/em> kelimesinin k\u00f6k\u00fcnde bu anlam vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Sydyk\u2019\u0131n Konumu<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Steiner\u2019in\u00a0 1905 El Atlas\u0131\u2019\u0131n\u0131n 19. Sayfadaki 49. Resimde\u00a0 nehirdeki ada\u00e7\u0131g\u0131n ortas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0 Pssydache<\/em> (Sydach) ad\u0131 verilen k\u00f6yde Ur ya da Apollo kentinin konumunu\u00a0 belirleyen uzun tepecikleri g\u00f6sterir. Yaz\u0131tlardan bir tanesinin burada oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Pssydache Kerpi\u00e7 ya da Ta\u015f Yaz\u0131t
\n<\/strong>
\nBu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla duvar yaz\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Ur sitesi yani Urach Babilonya<\/em> yaz\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f destan\u0131nda s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en Erek<\/em>\u2019dir. S\u00f6zc\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 Terek olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yedi katl\u0131 geni\u015f Erek meydanlar\u0131\u00a0 kendisini \u00e7evreleyen kanallar\u0131n aras\u0131nda i\u00e7inde araba yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131\u00a0 i\u00e7in y\u00fcz\u00fck \u015feklinde \u00f6zel yol vb. bulunan yedi katl\u0131 Tartaus\u2019du. S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz Erek, var olan kil ve bitumenden[9]<\/a><\/strong> \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc do\u011fal kerpi duvarlara sahipti. Bu nedenle Pssydache<\/em>\u00a0 yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n kerpi\u00e7ten yap\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir ve ba\u015fka birtak\u0131m nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc (Erythria) bu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kerpi\u00e7tendir..<\/p>\n

Uygun ta\u015flar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda ta\u015f yaz\u0131tlar\u00a0 in\u015fa edilirdi. Kuzeye g\u00f6re daha d\u00fczl\u00fck olan ve su bask\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcneyde yeterli ve uygun ta\u015f bulunmamaktayd\u0131. Ta\u015f yaz\u0131tlara, yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 mil kadar kuzeyde, Arabus ya\u00a0 da Erebus bo\u011faz\u0131nda (ge\u00e7iti) rastlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak bo\u011faz\u0131n \u00f6teki ucu Cabiri\u2019nin\u00a0 \u00f6teki yuvas\u0131 olarak bilinen Alizon vadisinde Achmuti ya da Eshmuti ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz\u00a0 k\u00f6ylere a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0 Eshmun<\/em> ya da Achmun<\/em> sekizinci Cabiri\u00a0 oldu\u011fundan hareketle bu kom\u015fuda yaz\u0131t aramam\u0131z mant\u0131kl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Alizon vadisinin 10 mil kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda, ad\u0131 \u201cScheni\u2019nin G\u00fcne\u015f Kenti\u201d\u00a0 anlam\u0131na gelen Semochanda Scheni<\/em> olan bir ba\u015fka yer daha vard\u0131r (Phoeni ya da Phoenicians, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>). <\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>nda Yolculuk
\n<\/strong>
\nM\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131,<\/em> t\u0131pk\u0131 Homer\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi (B\u00f6l.125 ve son.) bir \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculuk plan\u0131 sunar. Ancak\u00a0 ula\u015f\u0131m Phoeni\u2019nin ellerindedir. Cam \u015fi\u015feli bir lambay\u0131 g\u00f6m\u00fcp onu kaz\u0131p \u00e7\u0131karma rit\u00fcelinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201czeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyindeki kent\u201d Phanagoria (Phanagoria\u2019n\u0131n zeytin a\u011fac\u0131 bah\u00e7eleri, bak. Smith, Classical Dictionary<\/em>) Kuban \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcler d\u00fcnyas\u0131, Tartarus\u2019a (Terek) uzaktan bakar, Erebus bo\u011faz\u0131na do\u011fru uzan\u0131r ve Tioneti\u2019deki (To-neter, \u201c)kutsal Kent\u201d Alizon vadisine ula\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcler d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n 10 mil kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda\u00a0 Eshmudi\u2019ye\u00a0 (Eshmun kenti) gelinir biraz daha alt\u0131nda \u201cG\u00fcne\u015fin kenti Phoeni\u201d ye (ya da olas\u0131l\u0131kla Deneticiler, Shemochada) bulunurdu. Vadinin daha da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131da Sekhet-Eli, <\/em>g\u00fcne\u015fin ya da Osiris\u2019in\u00a0 (Skattely) otlaklar\u0131 uzan\u0131rd\u0131. Ve do\u011fuya do\u011fru Hazar Denizi\u2019nde (\u015fimdi Bak\u00fc) Bakhu da\u011f\u0131<\/em>, G\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131<\/em>, ve M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunan ve Pers mitolojilerinde ortak olan\u00a0 Sek-het-sasi<\/em> ya da yanan \u00e7ay\u0131rlar<\/em>\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>n\u0131n Gizi
\n<\/strong>
\nTo-neter (Aet-Ur \u00fclkesi) Kafaslar\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde, Erebus\u2019un \u00f6teki yakas\u0131nda, Siriadic topraklarda\u00a0 yani Asya Sarmatyas\u0131\u2019ndayd\u0131. Phanagoria\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck zeytin a\u011fac\u0131 bah\u00e7eleri ve\u00a0 Bak\u00fc b\u00f6lgesinin madensel ya\u011flar\u0131 an\u0131msand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n 125. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki giz (\u201cOnlar\u0131n ad\u0131 neydi?\u201d \u201cO, \u00e7i\u00e7ekler alt\u0131nda bir araya toplayan ve zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan benim.\u201d) kolayca yan\u0131tlanabilir. Bu ya\u011f, maden ve sebze, yani Ate\u015f ve Hermes\u2019tir. Kabilelerin, yerlerinin, adlar\u0131n\u0131n vb. dikkat \u00e7eken bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131yla verildi\u011fi \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n 147 ve 149\u2019 uncu b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir Kafkasya rehberidir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 147\u2019de yedi Arits\u2019in (d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya da \u00fclkenin)\u00a0 kap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, bireylerin adlar\u0131yla de\u011fil\u00a0 \u00fcnvanlar\u0131yla belirtilir ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman\u00a0 yer adlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 Ancak Bekcilerin adlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda her zaman\u00a0 Kimmerler, Serezler\u00a0 vb. gibi farkl\u0131 kabile ya da halklar irdelenirdi. Ve Armalar, bir\u00a0 ulusun b\u00f6lgesinden \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fcne ge\u00e7erken\u00a0 \u00f6l\u00fcler\u00a0 diyar\u0131n\u0131 simgeleyen i\u015faret ya da s\u0131n\u0131rlard\u0131. Okyanus\u2019un yukar\u0131 ucunun al\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en yol\u00a0 Homer\u2019in\u00a0 anlat\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan epeyce daha g\u00fcneyindeymi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir ve \u201cTeb-hra-ha-keft\u201d<\/em>i (Tiber ya da\u00a0 Keft), Armalardan biri olarak sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015fin pylonlar<\/em>[10]<\/a><\/strong><\/em> aras\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu kaydedilmi\u015ftir (Bo\u011faz sutunlar\u0131). 149. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019deki 149\u2019daki ond\u00f6rt\u00a0 aats,<\/em> Erebus\u2019un ard\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdi. \u0130lki Asmuti<\/em>\u2019ydi ard\u0131ndan\u00a0 Hercules (bug\u00fcn Melikarth) vd. geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Kimliklendirmelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc do\u011frudan yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ve\u00a0 adlar de\u011fi\u015fmezdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201caralar\u0131ndan tanr\u0131 Ra\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 Shu S\u00fct\u00fcnlar\u0131\u2019ndan do\u011funun efendisinin kap\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru\u00a0\u00a0 yola \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in belirdi\u011fi iki turkuz frenk inciri a\u011fac\u0131\u201d\u00a0 Mar-ash\u2019\u0131n Shu-mash <\/em>ge\u00e7itiydi.<\/p>\n

El<\/em>\u2019in g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Shem<\/em>\u2019in \u00f6b\u00fcr ad\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve Ta-Shema<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131rda \u201ckam\u0131\u015flar \u00fclkesi\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini bilmeden, mutluluk diyar\u0131 ya da cennet anlam\u0131na gelen Sekhet-Aaru\u2019yu s\u00f6zel olarak (bire bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kam\u0131\u015flar Tarlas\u0131) hemen\u00a0 bir anlamland\u0131ramay\u0131z. \u00fcnk Sekhet-Aaru, sadece mahrem ya da gizli Sekhet-Yshem ya da Sekhet-eli adlar\u0131n\u0131 ima etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buna bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek de\u00a0 \u201cHere-khuti<\/em>\u201d yani Her\u00b7cules<\/em>, Fenike dilinde Herkules\u2019in (Melikarth) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131.
\n<\/p>\n

GELENEKLER\u0130N \u00d6RT\u00dc\u015eMES\u0130YLE KONUMLANMANIN KES\u0130N OLARAK BEL\u0130RLENMES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Azov denizinin giri\u015finden ba\u015flay\u0131p Dariel ge\u00e7idini a\u015f\u0131p en do\u011fudaki Bak\u00fc ve\u00a0 Apsuron yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n ucundaki \u201cyanan \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u201da kadar uzanan Yunan, Fenike ve M\u0131s\u0131r geleneklerinin nas\u0131l \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

Benzer bi\u00e7imde Babil gelenekleri Samasha Marash\u2019dan,\u00a0 Apsuran k\u00f6rfezinin en do\u011fu ucu, ba\u015flay\u0131p bat\u0131ya do\u011fru geni\u015fleyerek Sabuje ve Napare-uli ya da Sapare-uli\u2019yi Dariel ge\u00e7idinden a\u015farak kuzeyde Terek (Tartarus), bat\u0131da Tamischiera ve\u00a0 do\u011fuda\u00a0 Bit-jaki n\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6b\u00fcr gelenek, Yunan, Fenike ve M\u0131s\u0131r geleneklerinin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fme bizim, kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u00a0 yaz\u0131tlardan \u00e7evrilip kopyas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lmelerin konumunu oldukca kesin bir \u015fekilde saptamam\u0131za olanak sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Babil tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki \u00e7iviyaz\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kay\u0131tlardan \u00e7ekti\u011fi Berossus\u2019a[11]<\/a><\/strong> g\u00f6re tufan kay\u0131tlar\u0131, Cronus\u2019un Atra-Hasis<\/em>\u2019e \u201cher\u015feyin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015fmesini ve sonunu yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kaydetmesini ve onlar\u0131 Sippara\u2019ya, g\u00fcne\u015f kentine g\u00f6mmesini; bir tekne yaparak ailesi ile birlikte uzaklara gitmesini\u201d ve ard\u0131ndan \u201cTufan\u2019dan sonra ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenlerin Babil\u2019e giderek Sippara\u2019daki yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p kentler kurmas\u0131n\u0131, tap\u0131naklar yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Babil\u2019i yeniden mesk\u00fcn bir yer haline getirmesini\u201d emretti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmemkektedir.<\/p>\n

As\u0131l\u00a0 Babil (Bab-al-on, Gate to the Lord of the Sun <\/em>(G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesinin Kap\u0131s\u0131), Havilah Pshaveli) \u00f6b\u00fcr kay\u0131tlardan bildi\u011fimiz gibi (bak The Deluged Civilization<\/em> (Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131k) s.49,50,75,76) Dilmun<\/em><\/strong> \u00fclkesinden ba\u015fka bir yer de\u011fildir yani t\u0131py\u0131 Alizon vadisinin \u015fimdi Adschinour Ovas\u0131, Chaldan<\/em><\/strong>, Lagodesch vs. oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n

Ve Steiner Atlas\u0131\u2019ndaki Napare-uli (Times Atlas\u0131\u2019nda Papare-uli), S\u0131ppara-uli G\u00fcne\u015fin S\u0131pparas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/em> Buras\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131n korundu\u011fu yerdir. Ve fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi i\u00e7in kay\u0131tlar g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcyseler bile daha konunakl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in geri getirilip yerlerine konuldu\u011fundan emin olabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

KAYIT D\u0130K\u0130L\u0130TA\u015eLARI\u00a0 HERAKLES SUTUNLARI\u00a0 DE\u011e\u0130LD\u0130R
\n<\/strong>
\nTu\u011fla ve ta\u015f dikili ta\u015flar san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Hercules S\u00fctunlar\u0131 <\/em>de\u011fildir. Hercules S\u00fctunlar\u0131 Ur\u2019da Ate\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 ve Al\u2019da F\u0131rt\u0131na Tanr\u0131s\u0131 ad\u0131na dikilmi\u015ftir. Bu iki tanr\u0131 bir ikiz tanr\u0131da birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, baz\u0131 olaylardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, ols\u0131l\u0131kla Ate\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Elijah\u2019\u0131n (Krallar 1<\/em>; 18) ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kiz sutunun tepesinde s\u00fcrekli olarak ate\u015f yanard\u0131. Daha sonra bu ate\u015fler biri ye\u015fil \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc sar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k veren camla korunmu\u015flard\u0131. Heredot bunu \u201cBir tanesi saf alt\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc z\u00fcmr\u00fct iki s\u00fctun geceleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6rkemle \u0131\u015f\u0131ldarlard\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle betimlemi\u015fdi. Sutunlara Jakin ve Boaz ad\u0131 verilmi\u015fti. (bak. Krallar <\/em>1; 7,15)<\/p>\n

HERAKLES SUTUNLARININ KONUMU
\n<\/strong>
\nNebuchadnezzar kuzeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015fif gezisinde onlara ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra karadenizin kuzey k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ve Thparace gitti. Hercules\u2019in\u00a0 S\u00fctunlardan, Karedeniz\u2019in\u00a0 kuzey sahillerini dola\u015farak Geryon s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131yla geri d\u00f6nmesi sutunlar\u0131n Cebelitar\u0131k bo\u011faz\u0131nda oldu\u011funu sanan antik d\u00f6nem co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (bak. Megathanes<\/em> ; akaran Strabon ve Heredot, 2.5). \u00fcnk\u00fc onlar Sidonlu Fenikelilerin S\u00fctunlar\u0131n kayboldu\u011funu bildi\u011fini, Fenikelilerin S\u00fctunlar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in d\u00fcenledikleri d\u00f6rt ke\u015fif gezisinden Cebelitar\u0131k bo\u011faz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek Herk\u00fcles Sutunlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir sonuca varmad\u0131klar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmi\u015flerdi (bak. Straton 2.5).<\/p>\n

Elbette hem Ebuchadnezzar hem de Hercules s\u00fctunlardan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Kara Deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na gelmeleri Hercules S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n kuzey\u00a0 Kafkasya\u2019 da oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

HERAKLES S\u00dcTUNLARI KEND\u0130 DO\u011eRU \u0130S\u0130MLER\u0130YLE HAR\u0130TADA
\n<\/strong>
\nBelki de en \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olgu do\u011fudaki Herk\u00fcles Sutunlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n haritada kerdi do\u011fru adlar\u0131yla yer almas\u0131d\u0131r: Stavka Terekli (Hercules\u2019in f\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131) Times Atlas 71-L-2; Kurtkeuli-juk-Jeve (Hercules\u2019in Jak i\u015faret ate\u015fi) Steiler Atlas\u0131 49, 0, 19.<\/p>\n

Eski denizkabu\u011fu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi bu k\u00f6y Hazar ya da Asya Denizi\u2019nin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, eski kuma da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n eteklerinde bulunuyordu. Gemilerin Asya Akdenizi<\/em>\u2019nden Kara Denize ge\u00e7ebilmeleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7meleri gereken gizemli Manytsch G\u00f6l\u00fc sistemine giri\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirdi.<\/p>\n

Buras\u0131 \u015fimdi Hazar Denizin \u00e7ekilmesinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc 50 mil kara i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n, S\u00fctunlar\u0131n bu \u00e7evrede olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ilgili \u00e7evreleri ikna etmesine kadar\u00a0 s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgeye bak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, S\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce bulunmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenidir.<\/p>\n

BATLAMYUSUN\u00a0 VERD\u0130\u011e\u0130 KONUM
\n<\/strong>
\nBatlamyus Co\u011frafya adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda\u00a0 \u0130skender Sut\u00fcnlar\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi sutunlardan s\u00f6z eder. Ancak\u00a0 \u0130skender\u2019in kuzeyde o kadar ilerlemedi\u011fini bildi\u011fim i\u00e7in bu bende ku\u015fku yaratt\u0131. Batlamyus, sutunlar\u0131n konumlar\u0131n\u0131 (d\u00fczeltmenin ard\u0131ndan) do\u011fuda 46.00 ve kuzelde 45.00 olarak vermekteydi. Times ve Stieller atlaslar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda bu k\u00f6yleri 45.40 do\u011fuda ve 44.40 kuzeyde\u00a0 Hercules Kaz\u0131klar\u0131 <\/em>\u00a0ya da\u00a0 Hercules Feneri <\/em> adlar\u0131yla buldum.<\/p>\n

Al-Ur uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile\u00a0 \u0130skender\u2019in d\u00f6nemi aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en zaman i\u00e7inde\u00a0 k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinin geni\u015flemisini,\u00a0 \u015fimdi \u0130skender s\u00fctunlar\u0131ndan 60 mil i\u00e7erde bulunan eski Kuma ya da Alontos da\u011f\u0131ndaki deniz kabu\u011fu plaj\u0131nda yer alan Kpurtkeuli Juk Jewe g\u00f6stermektedir. Schandr Juk Owsk ve Schandr Juk Owak (\u0130skender Feneri<\/em><\/strong>) her ne kadar hala deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaysalar da Ta-lonta\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan 30 kilometre uzuktad\u0131rlar. Batlamyus\u2019un verdi\u011fi konuma g\u00f6re \u0130skender S\u00fctunlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yerinin pek uzakta olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

BIT-JAKIN ADASI
\n<\/strong>
\nYakla\u015f\u0131k 60 mil kuzeydo\u011fuda Birjus-Jaksh ya da \u201cJak Ate\u015f Tepeci\u011fi\u201d ad\u0131 verilen ada yer al\u0131r. Bu bir \u00e7iviyaz\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131tta ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en\u00a0 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz zamanda k\u0131y\u0131dan 50 mil a\u00e7\u0131ktaki Bit-Jakin adas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131tda Bit-Jaki\u2019nin k\u0131y\u0131dan tam olarak ne kadar uzakl\u0131kta oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdi an\u0131msam\u0131yorum, ayr\u0131ca Bit-jakin\u2019in Ust-urt<\/em><\/strong> olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

P\u0130SKOPASLIK
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fumundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 sene sonra Herculea Pidachthde piskoposlu\u011fu vard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn yeri kaybolmu\u015ftur; ben bunu Herculea Sydach-thoe\u2019den yani Hercules Dikili Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan ald\u0131m. Bui kom\u015fuluk nedeniyle ad\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

BATI S\u00dcTUN K\u00dcMES\u0130
\n<\/strong>
\nBat\u0131 s\u00fctun k\u00fcmesi Oz liman\u0131n\u0131 bulundu\u011fu Azov Denizi\u2019nin<\/em><\/strong> giri\u015fi olan Bo\u011faz\u2019da bulunur.<\/p>\n

Olas\u0131l\u0131kla Strabon\u2019un konumunu verdi\u011fi ve bir krala ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir tepenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kesin yerlerini belirlemek i\u00e7i elde herhangi bir\u00a0 veri yoktur.<\/p>\n

N\u0130\u00c7\u0130N TARTARUS<\/em> MEVK\u0130 G\u00d6ZARDI ED\u0130L\u0130YOR
\n<\/strong>
\nKuzeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015fif gezisinden d\u00f6nen Nebuchadnezzar (bir rastlant\u0131 sonucu Pythagoras asker olabilir; bak Eusebius, Arm<\/em>. 53) Babil\u2019I 110 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 85 metre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda surla \u00e7avirdi. Bu surlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00f6renlerde\u00a0 hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131ramaktayd\u0131; ancak Artarus\u2019un\u00a0 ya da Erech\u2019in\u00a0 surlar\u0131n\u0131n daha\u00a0 g\u00f6rkemli oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin inanc\u0131 besleyen g\u00e7l\u00fc nedenler vard\u0131. Erech uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Dinazor uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131 da verilebilir.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu durumda rahatca \u015fu sonuca varabiliriz:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hercules S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00fczerine kay\u0131tlar yap\u0131lan dikili ta\u015flar\u00a0 de\u011f\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. Tu\u011fla dikilita\u015flar Psidache\u2019dedir<\/li>\n
  3. Ta\u015f dikilita\u015flar Napare-uli\u2019dedirler.<\/li>\n
  4. Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck yeralt\u0131 depolar\u0131ndan birtanesi Pssdache\u2019de \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc Napare-uli\u2019deydi.\n

    ARKEOLOJ\u0130K\u00a0 GEZ\u0130LER
    \n<\/strong>
    \nTufandan \u00f6nceye ait varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fimiz an\u0131t ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n konunun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bilen bir arkeolog grubu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larla ke\u015ffedilmesini g\u00f6n\u00fcl isterdi. B\u00f6ylesi kaz\u0131lar\u00a0 Bak\u00fc b\u00f6lgesinin petrol alanlar\u0131nda kolayca yap\u0131labilirdi.<\/p>\n

    30 Aral\u0131k 1923<\/p>\n

    B\u00f6l\u00fcm 8<\/b><\/p>\n

    \u0130BRAH\u0130M\u2019\u0130N ANAYURDU
    \n<\/strong>
    \n1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Klasikler \u00fczerine tez yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, yazar, Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da\u00a0 mitlerin anayurdu<\/em> bi\u00e7iminde adland\u0131r\u0131lan co\u011frafyan\u0131n o g\u00fcne dek g\u00f6sterilenden \u00e7ok daha fazla ilgiyi hak etti\u011fine ikna oldu ve belirgin ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fclmesi sorununun sorumlulu\u011funu birisinin \u00fcstlenmesi gerekti\u011fi yarg\u0131s\u0131na vard\u0131. Bu, orjinal dillerinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve\u00a0 neredeyse kaybolmak \u00fczere olan y\u00fczbinlerce s\u00f6ylenceyi toplamay\u0131, listelemeyi, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ve\u00a0 ele\u015ftiel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmay\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerektiriyordu. Ancak yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir yay\u0131nevi bulma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yazar 1923\u2019de TheDeluge Civilization of the Caucasus Isthmaus <\/em>(Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131) ad\u0131yla kitab\u0131n\u0131 kendisi bast\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6nerilen \u00f6z\u00fcm, Flinders Petrie (Ancient Egypt<\/em>, Aral\u0131k 1924) ile Clay (Original of Biblical Traditions, <\/em>s. 159)<\/strong> gibi arkeolojinin \u00e7e\u015fitli kollar\u0131ndaki en se\u00e7kin otoritelerin be\u011fenisini toplad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6nderilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6zel mektupla onaylanan bu sonu\u00e7, b\u00fct\u00fcnleyip geni\u015fleten yaz\u0131larla da destetlendi: M\u0131s\u0131r gelene\u011fine ait \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 yap\u0131t ve 18 Mart 1924\u00a0 ve 8 Mart 1926 say\u0131l\u0131 Christian Science Monitor<\/em>\u2019da Yunan, Babil, Sami ve \u00c7in\u2019den \u201cmitos topraklar\u0131\u201d diye s\u00f6z edilmesi; Nature,<\/em> 1 Mart 1924\u2019de Cabeiri <\/em>(Cabiri) sutunlar\u0131 ile yer alt\u0131na gizlenmi\u015f belge odalar\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafi konumu; Platonn<\/em>\u2019<\/strong>nun\u00a0 Critics<\/em>\u2019<\/strong>inde tufan \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme ait on kral ad\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00f6z konusu eserde belirtilen y\u00f6ntem ile terc\u00fcme edildi\u011finde klasik M\u0131s\u0131r adlar\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve \u0130ngiliz dergilerinden birinde yay\u0131nlanmak \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilen bunlardan en az alt\u0131 tanesinin Berossus<\/em> ve Eski Ahit\u2019te ge\u00e7en 10 tufan \u00f6ncesi ada kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir makale.<\/p>\n

    Musevilik Konusunda Uzman Ki\u015filerin Yard\u0131m\u0131 \u0130steniyor<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Elinizdeki bu makale, \u0130brahim\u2019in do\u011fum yeri sorununu daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde irdelemektedir ve bu konuda en yetkin ki\u015filerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini almak \u00fczere sunulan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 verileri sunmaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, yazar, pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131t\u0131 ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve daha sonra a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi, \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7im ve a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131yla \u0130branice de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli Sami\u00a0 dillerinde az da olsa bilgi sahibidir. Ancak, Musevilik konusunda uzman olanlar\u0131n bilece\u011fi gibi, Musevi yaz\u0131n\u0131nda, Eski Ahit\u2019in ilk be\u015f kitab\u0131na ve di\u011ferlerine k\u0131lavuzluk eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da malzeme vard\u0131r. Oysa, bunlar\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hatta bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bilen ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 pek azd\u0131r. Yazar, s\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131n\u0131n son derece ufak bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden haberdard\u0131r ancak bu kadar\u0131 bile \u015fu anda tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olan soruna \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak yeterli bilgileri i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu makale, ele\u015ftirilerini sunmalar\u0131 arzusuyla bu b\u00fcy\u00fck Musevi yaz\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n uzmanlar\u0131na seslenmektedir ve onlar\u0131n, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 onaylay\u0131p geni\u015fletecekleri ummaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130brahim\u2019in Ger\u00e7ek Anayurdu Kafkasya
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>\u0130leride daha da a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi, bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma salt Museviler de\u011fil t\u00fcm insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir ve var\u0131lan sonu\u00e7lar ile bunlar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerin yetkin arkeoloji otoritelerince kabul g\u00f6rece\u011fine inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesi, en g\u00fcvenli bi\u00e7imde, \u0130branice Yazmalar konusunda bilgili ki\u015filerin sert ele\u015ftirileri ve di\u011fer kaynaklardan edinilen kan\u0131tlar\u0131n sundu\u011fu destek \u00fczerinden sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, ba\u015fka kim, Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminden kalma Talmud\u2019un yorum b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde\u00a0 Erech<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 Ur-Kasdim<\/em> ile ilintilendirdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir yer olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilir? Bu nedenle, bu uzmanlara sesleniyor, ele\u015ftirel yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 diliyor ve t\u00fcm arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131m\u0131n kaynak\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 sunuyorum.<\/p>\n

    Bu makale a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:
    \n1.<\/strong> Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun\u00a0 Ur kentinin (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mugheir) <\/strong>bu g\u00fcn neden Ur-Kasdim oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir?
    \n2.<\/strong> B\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l kesinlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?
    \n3.<\/strong> \u0130branicedeki t\u00fcm g\u00f6ndermelerden\u00a0 ve \u0130brahim\u2019in anayurdunun co\u011frafi konumu hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriyor g\u00f6r\u00fcnen di\u011fer kutsal metinlerden al\u0131nt\u0131lar. Eski \u0130brani kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan gariplikler.
    \n4. <\/strong>G\u00f6ndermelerin birbiriyle tutarl\u0131 oldu\u011funun ve yaln\u0131zca tek bir yere, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda bir b\u00f6lgeye i\u015faret etti\u011finin g\u00f6sterilmesi.
    \n5.<\/strong> Tart\u0131\u015fma ve do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131tlar.
    \n6.<\/strong> Sonu\u00e7lar.
    \n7.<\/strong> Yeni dua ve \u0130srail\u2019in yeni ya\u015fam\u0131.
    \n<\/p>\n

    Ur\u2019un\u00a0 (Mugheir) Bu G\u00fcn Neden Ur-Kasdim Oldu\u011fu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir?
    \n<\/strong>
    \nSami\u00a0 ve Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u00a0 konular\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli otoritelerden biri olan ve Mezopotamya\u2019daki Ba\u011fdat Okulunun kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan sorumlu, Pennsylvania \u00dcniversitesinde ve daha sonra Yale\u2019de Sami\u00a0 <\/strong>Filoloji ve Arkeolojisi Profes\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapm\u0131\u015f Dr. Albert T. Clay<\/em>\u2019den do\u011frudan al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmak en uygun y\u00f6ntem olacakt\u0131r. Al\u0131nt\u0131lar, Clay\u2019in bir di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck Do\u011fu uzman\u0131 ve Talmud Ansiklopedisinin, Aruch Completum<\/em>, yazar\u0131 olan Alexander Kohut<\/em>\u2019un an\u0131s\u0131na sunulan fon deste\u011fi ile yay\u0131nlanan eserlerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u201cBu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmenin neredeyse genel bir kabul g\u00f6rmesi, ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir saha i\u00e7in b\u00f6ylesi ge\u00e7erli nedenlerin sunulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Amurru<\/em>, sayfa 167.<\/p>\n

    \u201cBabil\u2019in g\u00fcneyindeki Mugheir<\/em> ile Chaldee<\/em>\u2019lerin Ur\u2019<\/em>unun \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu halde, \u00f6zellikle de Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ya\u015fayan Museviler \u00a0<\/strong>sahay\u0131 bilmedikleri i\u00e7in, hi\u00e7bir bi\u00e7imde kesin sonu\u00e7lara dayanmaz.\u201d Origin of Biblical Traditions<\/em>, sayfa 43.<\/p>\n

    Bir \u00e7ok uzman, bu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Dillman, Genesis, ed. 6., s. 213; Kittel, Geschicte der Hebraer<\/em>, <\/strong>b\u00f6l. 17, Albright, Journal of Biblical Literature<\/em>. XXXVII, 134. vesaire. Not: Yer s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, kaynaklar en yetkin ve a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 olanlar ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n


    \nMugheir\u2019in Ur-Kasdim Olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Neden Kesindir?<\/p>\n

    1.<\/strong> Mugheir\u2019e asla Ur denmemi\u015fti. Buraya bir zamanlar Ur dendi\u011fi yolundaki yanl\u0131\u015f fikir bir \u00e7eviri hatas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Clay\u2019in Amurru<\/em>\u2019nun 167. sayfas\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi gibi:
    \n\u201c 1885 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Sir Henry Rowlinson Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun g\u00fcneyindeki\u00a0 Muqayyar<\/em>\u2019da (Mugheir) tabletler buldu ve kentin eski ad\u0131n\u0131n Hur oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi. Bunun ard\u0131ndan, ad\u0131n \u201cUrummu\u201d bi\u00e7imde okundu\u011fu ve ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem Babil <\/em> dilindeki s\u00f6yleni\u015finin \u201cUru\u201d oldu\u011fu, yani s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonuna bir sesli harf eklendi\u011fi (uzun \u2018u\u2019) \u00f6\u011frenildi.\u201d
    \nAyr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u201cUr\u2019un Yok Olu\u015funa A\u011f\u0131t\u201d, Pensylvania \u00dcniversitesi, Sumerian Liturgies and Psalms<\/em> (S\u00fcmer Ayinleri ve \u0130lahileri), <\/strong>10-11. ve 16-17. sat\u0131rlar.
    \n2.<\/strong> Ur bir \u00fclkeydi, kent de\u011fil. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Sacred Geography<\/em> (Kutsal Co\u011frafya), Wells, cilt. 5, sayfa, 216.
    \n3.<\/strong> \u0130brahim\u2019in zaman\u0131ndan y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonras\u0131na dek, Urummu\u2019da Kildani (Chaldean) yoktu. \u0130brahim\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih, \u0130.\u00d6. 2100 civar\u0131, i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: Clay, Antiquity of Amorite\u00a0 Civilization<\/em> \u201cAmorite medeniyetinin Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u201d, <\/strong>sayfa 3. <\/strong> Ayr\u0131ca, Kildanilerin Babil\u2019e ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tarihi, \u0130.\u00d6. 950 civar\u0131, i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u00a0<\/strong>Budge, Babylion Life and history<\/em> (Babil Tarihi ve Babil\u2019de Ya\u015fam), sayfa 44; Sayce, Races of the Old Testament<\/em> (Eski Ahit\u2019teki Irklar), sayfa 98; Olmstead History of Assyria<\/em> (Asur Tarihi), sayfa 123.
    \n4. <\/strong>Mugheir \u00f6yle bir konumdad\u0131r ki, buras\u0131 Ur olsayd\u0131, \u0130brahim\u2019in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak yaz\u0131lanlarla uyumunu sa\u011flamak olanaks\u0131z olacakt\u0131.
    \na.<\/strong> \u0130brahim, Kenan\u2019a (Canan) gitmek \u00fczere Ur-Kasdim\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u201cHaran\u2019a vard\u0131\u201d. Tekvin<\/em> 11:31. <\/strong>Ur- Kasdim Mugheir olsayd\u0131, bu Montreal\u2019e varmak i\u00e7in New York\u2019tan Cleveland\u2019a gitmeye benzeyecekti. Kenan,\u00a0 Mugheir\u2019e Haran\u2019<\/strong>dan daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r ve Mugheir ile Haran aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede yolculuk etmek kolayd\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn, ko\u015fullar \u0130brahim\u2019in zaman\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6t\u00fcyken bile, yirmi binden fazla Arap, e\u015fleri, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, otuz bin civar\u0131nda koyun ve elli bin civar\u0131nda develeri ile y\u0131lda bir kez Arabistan\u2019\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan K\u00fcrt tepelerine y\u00fcr\u00fcr ve geri gelirlerdi. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: E.A. Powell, By Camel and Car<\/em> (Deveyle ve Arabayla), sayfa 118. Her biri 250 kg. y\u00fckl\u00fc develer ile Mugheir ile Kenan aras\u0131ndaki yolculuk sekiz g\u00fcn s\u00fcrecektir. Ayn\u0131 eser, sayfa 121.
    \nb. <\/strong>\u0130brahim, \u201cfirar etti\u201d, <\/strong>Judith<\/em> 5:6. <\/strong>Ama Haran, Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile Akdeniz aras\u0131ndaki ana ticaret yolu \u00fczerindeydi ve yakla\u015f\u0131k sekiz g\u00fcn uzakl\u0131ktayd\u0131. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Powell, a.g.e, sayfa 121. Mugheir\u2019li rahipler, \u0130brahim\u2019in nerede oldu\u011funu bir ay i\u00e7inde \u00f6\u011frenirlerdi; bu iki yer aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ittifak vard\u0131.
    \nc.<\/strong> \u0130brahim firar etti \u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cbabalar\u0131n\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yolundan gitmeyecekti\u201d. Judith 5; 6. <\/strong> Ama hem Mugheir hem de Haran ayn\u0131 tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131yorlard\u0131, ay tanr\u0131s\u0131na. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Clay, Amurru<\/em>, sayfa 169. Buna, aya,\u00a0 Mugheir\u2019de di\u015fil ve Haran\u2019da eril bir tanr\u0131 olarak tap\u0131n\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lsa bile, bu, o zamanlar tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n cinsiyeti konusunda hemen hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131m yapmayan\u00a0 Mezopotamyal\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir sorun de\u011fildi; cinsiyet s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fiyordu. \u201cTanr\u0131\u00e7a Ashirta<\/em> Arabistan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Tanr\u0131 Athar<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 ve Tanr\u0131 Shamash<\/em> da t<\/strong>anr\u0131\u00e7a haline geldi.\u201d Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Clay, Empire of<\/em> Amorites<\/em>, sayfa 164; Barton ve di\u011ferleri, Semitic Origins <\/em>(Sami\u00a0 K\u00f6kenler), sayfa 120, 191.<\/p>\n

    Talmud bize \u0130brahim\u2019in babas\u0131 Terah\u2019\u0131n on iki tanr\u0131ya tapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Mugheir\u2019deki kaz\u0131lar, orada bu kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131n\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Ba\u011fdat Okulu raporlar\u0131. Ama, ate\u015fe tapan Kildaniler \u00a0<\/strong>on iki tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131yordu. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Diodorus Siculus<\/em>, \u0130kinci Kitap, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 21.
    \n5.<\/strong>Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda ya\u015fayan Museviler, \u0130brahim\u2019in memleketinin Mugheir oldu\u011funa asla inanmad\u0131. \u0130nansalard\u0131, Fakih \u00a0<\/strong>Ezra gibi bilgili bir arkeolog bunu mutlaka bilirdi. A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki, Mugheir Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda de\u011fildi; yoksa, Ezra\u2019n\u0131n haberi olurdu.
    \n6.<\/strong> Mugheir,\u00a0 <\/strong>Metzara\u2019da de\u011fil, bin mil g\u00fcneyindedir.
    \n7.<\/strong> Babilliler, Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fundaki\u00a0 kentlere, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki \u00fcnl kentlerin adlar\u0131n\u0131 verme gelene\u011fini geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda, \u0130.\u00d6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Nippur dolaylar\u0131nda Ashkelon, Gaza, Heshbon, gibi adlar ta\u015f\u0131yan kentlere rastlar\u0131z. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u201cNippur\u2019lu Murashu O\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n Ticaret Kay\u0131tlar\u0131\u201d. Nippur Babil\u2019den bir ka\u00e7 mil uzakl\u0131ktayd\u0131. Ur ad\u0131nda en az \u00e7 yer vard\u0131. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Clay, Amurru<\/em>, sayfa 174. Biblical Trad.<\/em> (\u0130ncil Gelenekleri), sayfa 43.<\/p>\n

    Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok neden vard\u0131r ama yukar\u0131dakiler yeterli olacakt\u0131r.
    \n<\/p>\n

    \u0130brahim\u2019in Anayurdunun Co\u011frafi Konumuna Yap\u0131lan G\u00f6ndermeler
    \n<\/strong>
    \nBa\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6ndermeler \u015funlard\u0131r:
    \n1.<\/strong> \u201cVe Haran, ana yurdu Ur-Kasdim\u2019de,\u00a0 babas\u0131 Terah yan\u0131ba\u015f\u0131ndayken \u00f6ld\u00fc. Tekvin<\/em>, 11:28
    \n2.<\/strong> Ve Terah, o\u011flu \u0130brahim\u2019i ve Haran\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Lut\u2019u ald\u0131 ve onlarla Ur-Kasdim\u2019den Kenan topraklar\u0131na gitmek \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; Haran\u2019a vard\u0131lar ve orada ya\u015fad\u0131lar. \u2013 Ve Tanr\u0131 \u0130brahim\u2019e dedi ki, \u201cYurdundan, akrabalar\u0131ndan ve baba oca\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l ve sana g\u00f6sterece\u011fim \u00fclkeye git. Tekvin<\/em>, 11:31 ve 12:1.
    \n3.<\/strong> Bu halk Kildani soyundan gelmedir. Onlar Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n her yerinde konaklad\u0131lar \u00fcnk\u00fc babalar\u0131n\u0131n Chaldea topraklar\u0131ndaki\u00a0 tanr\u0131lar\u0131na tap\u0131nmak istemiyorlard\u0131- ve onlar cennetin tanr\u0131s\u0131na tap\u0131nd\u0131lar ve Kildaniler onlar\u0131 kendi tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n huzurundan kovunca Mezopotamya\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131lar ve orada uzun s\u00fcre misafir oldular.\u201d Judith<\/em>, 5; 6-9.
    \n4.<\/strong> \u0130brahim, Shem\u2019in o\u011flu Ar-f-Chesed\u2019in soyunun sekizinci ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndand\u0131. Tekvin<\/em>, 11:10.
    \n5.<\/strong> \u201cAberite\u2019li \u0130brahim\u201d. Tekvin<\/em>, 14:13. Genel olarak terc\u00fcme edildi\u011fi gibi Musevi \u0130brahim de\u011fil, <\/strong>\u00fcnk\u00fc ilk harf Ayin <\/em>de\u011fil \u201cHe\u2019<\/em>dir. <\/strong>Heber\u2019in soyundan geli\u015f, hi\u00e7bir yerde vurgulanmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nce 250 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda, Yunanca\u2019ya \u00e7evrilen ve \u0130skenderiye Sinagogu taraf\u0131ndan resmi \u00e7eviri olarak kabul edilen The Septuagint<\/em>, <\/strong>terimin Musevi anlam\u0131na gelemeyece\u011fini kabul eder ve bunu Perates<\/em> yani\u00a0 \u201caktaran\u201d olarak terc\u00fcme eder. Aber s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f bazen \u201cOber\u201d, \u201cEber\u201d, ya da \u201cUber\u201d olarak da yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.
    \n6.<\/strong> \u0130brahim \u201cAber e naher\u201d den yani \u201cAber Irma\u011f\u0131ndan\u201d geliyordu. Joshua<\/em>, 14:2. Bu genelde, \u201cselin di\u011fer yan\u0131 olarak terc\u00fcme edilmektedir ancak bu terc\u00fcme do\u011fru olamaz. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan tart\u0131\u015fma.
    \n7.<\/strong> Haran, Mezopotamya\u2019daki Padan Aram\u2019dayd\u0131. \u0130brahim\u2019in \u00fclkesi buras\u0131yd\u0131. Tekvin<\/em>,\u00a0 24:4, 24:10, 25:20, 27:43, 28:2,5, 10:29, 1,4. Buras\u0131 Do\u011fu halk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 yurduydu. Tekvin<\/em> , 29:1. Laban ve Bethuel Suriyeliydi. Tekvin<\/em>, 25:20. Haran b\u00f6lgesinin i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mitanni\u2019de konu\u015fulan dil Asurlular\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerinde Suri dili olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Zeitschr. Fur Assyr<\/em>. A\u011fustos 1890, cilt 2, 3. (Su-ri, Su-tu, Seuthes v.b.). \u201cSuriyeli\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130branice\u2019deki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cArimi\u201ddir.
    \n8.<\/strong> \u0130brahim, \u00f6lmeye haz\u0131r bir Arimi idi\u201d. Bak\u0131n\u0131z:\u00a0 Deuteronomy<\/em>, 26:5.
    \n9.<\/strong> \u0130brahim, \u201c Kildani \u0131rk\u0131ndand\u0131\u201d. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Eusebius<\/em>.
    \n10.<\/strong> Kildani soyundan gelen\u00a0 <\/strong>bilgeler \u201cAramith\u201dde Ebuchadnezzar ile konu\u015ftu. Daniel, 2:4. Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z: Ezra<\/em>, 5:12.
    \n11.<\/strong> Torah on iki tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131n\u0131yordu. Talmud<\/em>.
    \n12.<\/strong> Kildaniler \u201cOniki \u00fcst\u00fcn tanr\u0131y\u0131 tan\u0131yorlar. Diodorus Sikulus, Kitap<\/em> 2<\/em>, b\u00f6l\u00fcm 21.
    \n13.<\/strong> M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n dikilita\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki hiyeroglifler, Kildanilerin s\u00f6zc\u00fckler i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015faretlerdi. Cassiodorus, Kitap 3<\/em>, b\u00f6l\u00fcm 2, 21.
    \n14.<\/strong> \u201cUr-Kasdim\u201ddeki Ur\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca Burbur, Amurru, Uru, Uri, Ari, Accad anlamlar\u0131na da gelir. Clay, \u201cBiblical Trad, <\/em> \u00a0sayfa 22; ve Amurru<\/em>, sayfa 102, 104, 140.
    \n15.<\/strong> Babil (\u00fclkesinin) eski ad\u0131 Iraka idi. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Olmstead, Assyria<\/em>, sayfa 60. Sepuguaint<\/em>\u2019de Accad \u201cArchad\u201dd\u0131r.
    \n16.<\/strong> Kildaniler \u00a0<\/strong>Ar-f-Cesed\u2019in soyundan geliyorlard\u0131. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Josephus, Antiquities<\/em>,<\/strong> 1:4.<\/p>\n

    1 May\u0131s, 1926.
    \n
    \nEdit\u00f6r\u00fcn notu: Yukar\u0131daki makale eksiktir. 4, 5, 6. b\u00f6l\u00fcmler hi tamamlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>. <\/p>\n

    B\u00d6L\u00dcM 9<\/p>\n

    M\u0130TLER\u0130N ANAYURDU OLARAK TANIMLANAN TOPRAKLARIN ASLINDA KAFKAS KISTA\u011eI OLDU\u011eU NASIL KE\u015eFED\u0130LD\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    (Bu makale ilk olarak 8 Mart 1926 tarihinde Christian Science Monitor dergisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n

    Yunanlar\u0131n, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n, Fenikelilerin, Samilerin, <\/strong>Babillilerin, Asurlular\u0131n ve \u00c7inlilerin mitlerinin anayurdu oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan topraklar\u0131n asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgede, yani Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda, oldu\u011funun ke\u015ffi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilere dayan\u0131r:
    \na.<\/strong> Mitler co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, Sicilya ve Atlantik Okyanusu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki\u00a0 ku\u015fku uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fun incelenmesi.
    \nb.<\/strong> Eski mit yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Atlantik Okyanusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haberdar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Fenikelilerin Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt deniz seferi d\u00fczenledikleri ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek Herk\u00fcl S\u00fct\u00fcnlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rapor ettikleri ger\u00e7eklerinden hareket.
    \nc.<\/strong> Co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n eski Orta-Asya Akdenizi olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kafkaslardan Mo\u011folistan\u2019a kadar uzanan, ancak belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri\u00a0 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tamamen kuruyan su k\u00fctlesinin (Hazar, Aral ve Balka\u015f Denizleri. \u0130.S.250 tarihine kadar mallar Konstantinapolis\u2019ten, Kiber Ge\u00e7idi vadisi Chitral\u2019a uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100 mili a\u015fmayan Faysabad\u2019a deniz yolu ile do\u011frudan nakledilebiliyordu) asl\u0131nda Atlantik Okyanusu oldu\u011funun ya da Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131ndaki uzak do\u011fu kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in Stielers Atlas<\/em>\u2019daki, 1905, ad\u0131yla \u201cDschalanaschtsch Denizi<\/em>\u201dnin ke\u015ffi. Ve Karadeniz ile iki ge\u00e7it -yani \u015fu anda Sovyet H\u00fck\u00fcmetince yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmakta olan Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6lleri rotas\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn kapal\u0131 bulunan bir g\u00fcney rotas\u0131-\u00a0 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla su yolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun saptanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Dahas\u0131, Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131, Kemennu<\/em>, <\/strong>bu iki su yolunun ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin giri\u015findeydi. Bunlar Bo-Az S\u00fctunlar\u0131d\u0131r; Jakin ya da Aberiar S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n yeri daha sonra belirlenmi\u015ftir.
    \nd.<\/strong> Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Kafkaslar\u0131 i\u015fgalinden \u00f6nce b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeyi ajanlar\u0131na gizlice incelettirdi\u011fi ve 1848 tarihinde, eski yer adlar\u0131n\u0131 son derece ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde sunan geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir harita bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi. Bunun bir kopyas\u0131, Britanya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n inceli\u011fi sayesinde elime ge\u00e7ti. Bu haritada, mitlerde ge\u00e7en eski adlar\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r; M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Het Seker tepeleri, Neb-er-tscha\u015f Kap\u0131s\u0131, Nephthys, Bak\u00fc, Ta-manu vs; Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Cronus\u2019u, Japhetus\u2019u, Elysion\u2019u, Tartarus\u2019u, Gadiri\u2019si vs; Fenikelilerin Kemmenu\u2019su, Gori\u2019si vs; Babillilerin ve Asurlular\u0131n Erech\u2019i, Aralu\u2019su, Arakanna\u2019s\u0131, Maru\u2019su, Karassachal\u2019\u0131 vs; Samilerin Uri\u2019si, Metsara\u2019s\u0131, Adshinour\u2019u, Chaldan\u2019\u0131 vs. Neredeyse t\u00fcm \u00f6rneklerde, adlar hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011framam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
    \ne.<\/strong> \u0130ncelenen \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131nlarda bulunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan t\u00fcm g\u00f6ndermelerin toplanmas\u0131 ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131. \u015eu anda bunlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 200.000\u2019i a\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve b\u00f6lgenin co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n, bir ka\u00e7 \u00f6\u011fenin tam s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara gerek duyulsa da, olduk\u00e7a iyi bir bi\u00e7imde doldurulmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6neriler
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>Yazar s\u00f6z konusu dilleri, kimi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ba\u011flamlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, en arzulanabilir \u015fey bu dillerin uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n,\u00a0 t\u00fcm mit g\u00f6ndermelerini toplan\u0131p listelerinin yap\u0131l\u0131p ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in ula\u015f\u0131labilir k\u0131l\u0131nacaklar\u0131 bir merkeze yollamalar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Akla B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019daki The Royal Geographical Society<\/em> gelmektedir. Bu \u00f6neriyi kabul ettikleri takdirde kendilerine en az 500.000 dolar tutar\u0131nda bir fon verilmelidir. The Royal Geographical Society<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nerilmemin nedeni, ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu\u011fum kurumlar aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k farkla en etkin, dikkatli, \u00f6zenli ve ilgili kurum olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bu i\u015fe yetkin di\u011fer kurumlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu arada, herhangi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 benim kendi veri koleksiyonumdan yaln\u0131zca kendi ad\u0131na doldurulmu\u015f bir posta kart\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek ve sorular\u0131n\u0131 numaraland\u0131rarak yararlanabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin:
    \n1.<\/strong> Symplegades\u2019i Feni Kale\u2019de \u0130phigenia tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve mavi olarak tan\u0131mlayan referans hangisidir?
    \n2.<\/strong> Toros\u2019u Ros kabilesinin da\u011f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlayan referans hangisidir?<\/p>\n

    Bunlara yan\u0131t olarak posta kart\u0131nda \u015fu bilgiler bulunacakt\u0131r:
    \n1.<\/strong> Euripides, \u0130phigenia in Tauris<\/em> 242, 262 ve 420. sat\u0131rlar (ve di\u011ferleri);
    \n2.<\/strong> Bochart p. Josephus Ben Gorion, p. Abercromby, Trip Thourgh Eastern Caucasus<\/em> (Do\u011fu Kafkasya\u2019da Yolculuk), sayfa 28.<\/p>\n

    Salt meraktan sorulan sorular\u0131n yan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r, yaln\u0131zca bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Proto-Kafkas Dilinin K\u00f6kleri<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Olas\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in, dilin k\u00f6kleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin Clay\u2019in Amuraic ki\u015fi adlar\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00f6nce yer adlar\u0131 incelenerek yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve sonra bilinen dillerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yoluyla do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f ve geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. Bu dilin biti\u015fken ve bir dereceye dek yans\u0131mal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve g\u00f6rece az say\u0131da sesten olu\u015ftu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur:
    \n1.<\/strong> K\u0131sa \u00fcnl\u00fc, t\u00fcm di\u011fer k\u0131sa \u00fcnl\u00fcler gibiydi. Bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, bu \u201c\u015fey\u201ddir.
    \n2.<\/strong> \u201cEa\u201d \u00f6rne\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi k\u0131sa bir \u00fcnl\u00fcn\u00fcn takip etti\u011fi uzun \u201cE sesi, bir ma\u011faran\u0131n i\u00e7indeki karanl\u0131\u011fa, geceye, topra\u011f\u0131n ya da denizin derinliklerine benzer bir bo\u015flu\u011fu ifade eden \u201csiyahl\u0131k\u201d anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.
    \n3.<\/strong> \u201cU\u201d ya da \u201cOo\u201d sesi \u201csu\u201d ya da devinim e\u011filimi bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir \u015fey anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.
    \n4.<\/strong> Dudaks\u0131l \u00a0<\/strong>\u201cB,F,P, Ph\u201d sesleri, M\u0131s\u0131r dilindeki \u201cF\u201d ya da Yunanca\u2019daki \u201cDigemma\u201d gibi iyelik anlam\u0131 verir.
    \n5.<\/strong> Daha sonradan \u201cS\u201d veya \u201cSh\u201d ile yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren di\u015fsel \u201cD, T, Th\u201d sesleri \u201cyer\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu nedenle, Aet \u201c Ea\u2019n\u0131n yeri\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.
    \n6.<\/strong> G\u0131rtlaktan gelen \u201cG, K,Ch sesleri \u201cgibi\u201d demektir. Bu nedenle \u201cGi\u201d ya da \u201cKi\u201d \u201ctoprak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. \u201cAch\u201d \u201ckabile\u201d ya da \u201chalk\u201d demektir. Bu ses sonradan \u201cS\u201d ile yer de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.
    \n7.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cL\u201d sesi \u201cf\u0131rt\u0131na\u201d ve daha sonra \u201cg\u201d ya da \u201cTanr\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
    \n8.<\/strong> \u201cM\u201d ve \u201cN\u201d sesleri \u201chakimiyet\u201d ya da \u201cg\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. \u201cM\u201d genelde eriller, \u201cN\u201d ise di\u015filler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u201cAn\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n ya da Tanr\u0131n\u0131n yerini g\u00f6steren \u201cdirek\u201d\u00a0 ya da \u201cS\u00fctun\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.
    \n9.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cR\u201d sesi \u201cAte\u015f\u201d demektir. Alev ise \u201cUr\u201d dur. \u201cSam-ur\u201d \u201cKutsal Ate\u015f anlam\u0131na gelir. Cimmerians<\/em> bazen \u201cGimri\u201d ad\u0131 verilen Kutsal Ate\u015f\u2019e tapan bir halkt\u0131.
    \n10.<\/strong> \u201cS\u201d, \u201cSh\u201d ve \u201cZ\u201d sesleri benzer anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131r. \u201cS\u201d bir anlamda \u201cgitmek demektir. \u201cSu\u201d \u201c\u0131rmak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. \u201cSh\u201d \u201cyukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak\u201d anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cAsh\u201d \u201cy\u00fckselmek\u201d demektir. \u201cZ\u201d \u201ca\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inmek\u201d ya da \u201cuzakla\u015fmak\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cAz\u201d \u201cBat\u0131\u201d ya da \u201cKaranl\u0131k\u201d demektir.<\/p>\n

    Yer adlar\u0131 bunlar\u0131n bile\u015fimidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cPir\u201d, \u201cate\u015fe ait olan\u201d ya da \u201cocak\u201d ve \u201c ev\u201d anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. \u201cPerival\u201d \u201cr\u00fczgar\u0131n evi\u201d ya da \u201c da\u011f ge\u00e7idi demektir. \u201cKemennu\u201d \u00fczerlerinde ate\u015f bulunan ve bir tanesi Ur di\u011feri Al ya da El i\u00e7in dikilen iki \u201cKutsal S\u00fctun\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bunlara \u201cKur-al\u201d ya da \u201cHerk\u00fcl\u201d s\u00fctunlar\u0131 deniyordu.\u00a0 Cocytus ya da Acheten Su (ya da Ope ya da Oche) Aeten ya da Eden \u201c-<\/strong>den gelen<\/em>\u201d <\/strong>\u0131rmak demekti. Pyriphlegethon ya da\u00a0 Perival Achaeten \u201cAeten (ya da Eden)\u2019den ge\u00e7en Irmak<\/em>\u201d demekti.<\/p>\n

    Da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde, genizden gelen sesler, uzak mesafelerden duyulabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7oklukla bir \u00f6nek almaktad\u0131r. Xenophon bu \u015fekilde 12 kilometreyi a\u015fan mesafeler boyunca ileti\u015fim kuruldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z eder. Bu inan\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir ama bana da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Bu t\u00fcr bir seslenmenin civardaki bir dinleyici \u00fczerindeki etkisi \u201cShala Tepeleri\u201dnde tarif edilmektedir. Bununla ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak, da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeleri tan\u0131mlayan daha eski haritalarda Eden ve Acheten\u2019e rastlarken Stieler<\/em>\u2019in atlas\u0131nda Kacheten\u2019e rastlar\u0131z.\u00a0 Genizden gelen ya da di\u015fsel olarak gruplanan ve \u00f6nek alm\u0131\u015f seslere yaln\u0131zca daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem yer adlar\u0131nda rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu ses M\u0131s\u0131r Dilindeki \u201cTa\u201d gibi bir tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 ses ya da \u201cyurt\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cKi sesinin k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi olabilir.<\/p>\n

    Baz\u0131 durumlarda, Yunanca adlar\u0131n yerli Proto-Kafkas adlar ile pek benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fark edilecektir. Bu Strabo<\/em> 11;11;5\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunanlar, bilmedikleri bir ad ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 koruyabilmek amac\u0131yla sesi hafif\u00e7e de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorlard\u0131. Strabo buna \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rnekler vermektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Acheten Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alabiliriz. Bunun ad\u0131 Terek<\/em> ya da Ur oche<\/em> yani \u201cAte\u015f Irma\u011f\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir \u00fcnk\u00fc \u0131rmak Bak\u00fc petrol Havzas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Yunanlar bu \u0131rma\u011fa Pyri Phlegethon<\/em> ya da \u201cAte\u015f Sa\u00e7an Irmak\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Benzer bi\u00e7imde, Kachaeten\u2019e Cocytus dediler. Di\u011fer kachaeten \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin Pirikets kachaeten, Kafr Aeten, Fi Acheten\u2019\u0131 bilmiyorlard\u0131. Ama Ar Aeten\u2019i Eridan ya da Eridanus\u2019a \u00e7evirdiler. Bu \u0131rmaklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc Eden Da\u011f\u0131 ya da Edena Ge\u00e7idinden akmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bir Yunan terimi olan \u201chekaton cheira\u201d asl\u0131nda \u201cy\u00fcz eli bulunan\u201d anlam\u0131na de\u011fil \u201cacheten cheiran\u201d yani \u201cEden Da\u011f\u0131 kabilesinden\u201d demektir.<\/p>\n

    Burada bir Yunanca terim \u00f6zellikle belirtilmelidir \u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok fazla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cNesos\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hala \u201cada\u201d bi\u00e7iminde \u00e7evrilmektedir ama belki de ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem Yunanca d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bu anlama gelmez. Peloponnesus bir yar\u0131madad\u0131r. Arabistan \u201cnesos\u201d bi\u00e7iminde tan\u0131mlan\u0131yordu, Mezopotamya da \u00f6yle. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck, \u201can\u201d, \u201caea\u201d ve \u201cs\u2019s\u201d k\u00f6klerinden gelmektedir ve \u201ctoprak filizi\u201d\u00a0 <\/strong> anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Her s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn asl\u0131nda k\u00fck bir \u015fiir oldu\u011fu ve olmak zorunda oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu son derece ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201c\u015farap\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cKaranl\u0131k Sular\u0131n Krali\u00e7esi\u201d bi\u00e7iminde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, \u201cnesos\u201d topraktan bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ya da meyve gibi filiz vermi\u015f bir \u015fey, baz\u0131 durumlarda da\u011fl\u0131k burun, <\/strong>di\u011ferlerinde ise bir ada anlam\u0131na geliyordu. As\u0131l anlam\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcde su, \u0131rmaklar\u00a0 ya da deniz ile biti\u015fik b\u00f6lgeydi ve az rastlanan \u00f6rnekler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ada anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle, \u0130ngilizce s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerimiz i\u00e7in \u015fu tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6neriyorum: \u201cNesus. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcde tatl\u0131 ya da tuzlu suya biti\u015fik bir b\u00f6lge.\u201d \u00d6rne\u011fin, Circe\u2019nin nesos<\/em>\u2019u, ileride g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz gibi, Pelopenneus\u2019a benzer bi\u00e7imde, \u00e7ok dar bir k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 bulunan da\u011fl\u0131k bir burundu.<\/p>\n

    Harita \u00dczerindeki B\u00f6lgeler ve Yerler<\/b><\/p>\n

    Kafkas B\u00f6lgesi<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>Bu b\u00f6lgeye ait kaliteli foto\u011fraflar, George Kennan\u2019\u0131n Ekim 1913 tarihli National Geographic <\/em>Dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan makalesinde bulunabilir. Kennan bu b\u00f6lgeyi \u201cSay\u0131s\u0131z ku\u015faklar boyunca insano\u011flunun ikiden fazla kullan\u0131labilir ge\u00e7it bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 Dariel Ge\u00e7idi (Georg of Dariel) ve Demir Derbent Kap\u0131s\u0131 (Iron Gate of Derbent) – <\/strong>700 mil uzunlu\u011funda ve ortalama 10.000 feet y\u00fcksekli\u011finde devasa bir do\u011fal bariyer\u201d olarak tarif etmektedir. Asl\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca bir ge\u00e7it vard\u0131r \u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0 Demir Derbent Kap\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer almaz; da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n sonu ile Hazar Denizi aras\u0131nda yer alan ince bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. Kennan, b\u00f6lgenin kuzey ve g\u00fcneyinde iklim farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z eder.<\/p>\n

    \u201cS\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n kuzey taraf\u0131nda Nogai Tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131plak topraklar\u0131 yer al\u0131r \u2013 yazlar\u0131, y\u00fczlerce mil boyunca yaln\u0131zca s\u0131caktan kavrulmu\u015f stepler ve k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 orada burada g\u00e7ebe Mo\u011follar\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ve Kara \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131yla bezeli bir kar okyanusundan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimiz u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z \u00e7orak topraklar.<\/p>\n

    \u201c<\/strong>Ama kuzeyden g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde do\u011fan\u0131n \u00e7ehresi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Sonsuz stepler birdenbire \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle bezenmi\u015f, asmalarla dolu ormanlarla yemye\u015fil, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyi gibi g\u00fcne\u015fli ve s\u0131cak\u00a0 bir dizi derin olmayan bereketli vadiye a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u201cKuzeyin so\u011fuk r\u00fczgarlar\u0131ndan bir da\u011f siperiyle korunan bu b\u00f6lgede bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc neredeyse tropik bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterir. Da\u011f eri\u011fi, incir, zeytin, portakal ve nar hi\u00e7bir bak\u0131m istemeden, a\u00e7\u0131k havada yeti\u015fir. G\u00f6rkemli karaa\u011fa\u00e7, me\u015fe, ak\u00e7aa\u011fa\u00e7, aynal\u0131 kavak, ve \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fe durmu\u015f asmalarla bezeli ceviz a\u011fac\u0131 ormanlar\u0131 her yeri kaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ve sonbaharda, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n, Kachaetia\u2019n\u0131n ve Mingrelia\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fli tepeleri asmalarda olgunla\u015fan \u00fcz\u00fcmlerle mor bir renk al\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u201cKafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ve Britannica Ansiklopedisi.<\/p>\n

    G\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesinde, Hypiberea\u2019da, <\/strong>bu\u011fday ve di\u011fer tah\u0131llar yabani ortamlarda bile yeti\u015fir. Oysa kuzey steplerinde (M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Anaaruf\u2019u) \u00f6nceleri tah\u0131l bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Tatar b\u00f6lgesinin sakinleri hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvan yeti\u015ftirerek ve avc\u0131l\u0131kla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Ate\u015fi bilmiyorlard\u0131 ama daha sonra kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki petrol havzalar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan kabilelerden ate\u015fi edindiler. Pir Mithras b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 yak\u0131t i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterene kadar\u00a0 bu b\u00f6lgedeki petrol ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelere neden oluyordu. (Herodot,<\/em> 4; 61). B\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla Promete\u2019nin \u00e7ekti\u011fi cezan\u0131n ve insanlara ate\u015fi da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni buydu. A\u011fa\u00e7 yaln\u0131zca ah\u015faptan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Yunan tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n da i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amalthea\u2019s Horn<\/em> b\u00f6lgesinde bulunuyordu. (Herodot, 4;108).<\/p>\n

    K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n jeolojik \u00f6zelliklerini en iyi tan\u0131mlayan harita bu konuda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fi olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, Notthingham, Veraset Defterdar\u0131 Felix Oswald\u2019a aittir.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 Himalayalardan \u00e7ok daha ya\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r ve buradaki tepelerin bir \u00e7o\u011fu Mt.Blanc\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m mil daha y\u00fcksektir.\u00a0 Elbrus Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 200 milden daha uzak bir mesafeden g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yer alan Dariel Ge\u00e7idi, Terek Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok dar, ancak seyyahlar\u0131n ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fi bir aral\u0131kt\u0131r ve u\u00e7urumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 5000 feet\u2019i bulur. Buras\u0131 demir kap\u0131larla kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve Yunanlarca Erebus, Babilliler, Asurlular ve Samilerce Erib olarak biliniyordu.\u00a0 G\u00fcneyden kuzeye g\u0131da ve kuzeyden g\u00fcneye petrol ge\u00e7i\u015fi i\u00e7in son derece uygun bir yoldu. Bir tek yerde yar\u0131lan kanyon, tepesi d\u00fcz yama\u00e7lar\u0131 dik ve kayal\u0131k\u00a0\u00a0 bir da\u011f\u0131n do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektedir. \u00a0<\/strong>Bunun bir yan\u0131nda Pir Mithra\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde hapsedildi\u011fine inan\u0131lan ma\u011fara ve yukar\u0131s\u0131nda da b\u00f6lgenin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n\u0131n hisar ya da kalesi yer al\u0131yordu. Ge\u00e7idin kuzey aya\u011f\u0131nda petrol \u00f6yle boldur ki ilk imtiyaz sahipleri tarlalar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hasar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden mahvolmu\u015ftur. Kacheten ya da Cocytus\u2019un ve Perivlegaten ya da Pyriphlegethon\u2019un i\u00e7ine akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck, ya\u011fl\u0131 Acheron Batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da burada yer al\u0131yordu. Styx P\u0131nar\u0131 ya da Ast-ach-su daha yukar\u0131da yer almaktad\u0131r ve Kacheten\u2019e akar ya da akan \u0131rmaklar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Harita, kaynak yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madeni g\u00f6stermemektedir ama kayna\u011f\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru bir ka\u00e7 maden bulunur. Bak\u00fcs Nesus\u2019u da burada, Ardon \u00fczerindeki Tamish ve Nacha yak\u0131n\u0131nda yer almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    S\u0131rada\u011flar B\u00f6lgesinin Farkl\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin Adlar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n Hazar Denizine a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en do\u011fu ucu, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cG\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Bak\u00fc Da\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Serachi ve Kalachany ya da Telachny de burada yer almaktad\u0131r. S\u0131rada\u011f\u0131n en bat\u0131 ucu M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cG\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Tamen Yar\u0131madas\u0131, Ta Manu, idi. Buras\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Maatis Havuzu olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Maeotis G\u00f6l\u00fcne ve Fenikelilerin \u201cBat\u0131 Su Kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n Bat\u0131 liman\u0131 olan Az-ov Denizine a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar s\u0131rada\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne \u201cBeyaz Duvar diyorlard\u0131. Babilliler Orta ve Do\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere, Langdon s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn do\u011fru okunu\u015funu verene dek Mar-tu olarak bilinen Maru Da\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdi. Maru ya da Meru Yunanlar ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u201cuyluk\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Bunun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda Nysia ya da Nucha yer al\u0131yordu (bu adda iki yer vard\u0131r, biri asma di\u011feri bu\u011fday ile ilintili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir).<\/p>\n

    Bak\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki do\u011fu u\u00e7, Babillilerin Apsu\u2019suydu. <\/strong>Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn deniz anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi kabuledilir ama Clay\u2019in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi asl\u0131nda \u201cson\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Nudimmud\u2019un meskeninin, yani Ea ya da Seb\u2019in ( yani Seb-En-Gi) Apsu\u2019nun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde bu anlat\u0131lmak istenmektedir. Eski tap\u0131naklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde ta\u015f duvar\u0131ndan su f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran yuvarlak bir g\u00f6l bulunuyordu. \u201cApsu\u201d asl\u0131nda bu ta\u015f duvard\u0131 ama sonradan s\u00f6zc\u00fck b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6l i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Azarakanna ve Perek-Eshkul da burada yer almaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin b\u00fcy\u00fck da\u011flar\u0131 ise Kingu (Elbus Da\u011f\u0131), Lachamu, An, An Schar, Gaga (Arebus ve Astari Barzun yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda) ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesinde, Karassachal, Adshinar ve Chaldan idi. <\/p>\n

    Ana \u0131rmaklar, <\/em>bug\u00fcn Kuban<\/em> olarak bilinen Oceanus ya da Auschet ya da Atei Ope ya da Aradanu idi. Eski zamanlarda bunun kuzeyinde kalan b\u00f6lge t\u00fcm\u00fcyle batakl\u0131kt\u0131. Buradaki tepeciklerde\u00a0 <\/strong>yani Urmanu ya da Arimu\u2019da pek az ki\u015fi ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Irmak en ba\u015fta Trithonis batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ba\u015f\u0131ndan ak\u0131yor, kanallar sayesinde Alontas \u0131rma\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131yordu. Ancak, batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ine kaymas\u0131yla b\u00f6lge t\u00fcm\u00fcyle sel alt\u0131nda kald\u0131 ve bu ge\u00e7it kapand\u0131 ama Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6l\u00fc ge\u00e7idi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Irma\u011f\u0131n derin k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n sonu, bu heyelandan sonra, Kemmenobrodsk ya da g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya Dariel Ge\u00e7idine ula\u015fmak isteyenlerin bildi\u011fi ad\u0131yla Kemmenu-Aboruri\u2019ydi. Kuzeybat\u0131ya Graikus ve Achelous Irmaklar\u0131na ve Amalthea Boynuzu\u2019na ula\u015fmak ya da Cerberus-Jakin delta a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan \u2013 M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u00a0 ile Fenikeliler bu deltalara\u00a0 Shari-sharadon ve Shar Shuppi ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdi- Olonchuduk\u2019ta Selenchuk Denizine – eski ve as\u0131l Atlantik Okyanusu- ula\u015fmak isteyenlerse ayn\u0131 yeri Kemmenu Jakin ya da Eachon olarak biliyordu.<\/p>\n

    Acheolus, \u015fimdiki ad\u0131yla Kalaus, Graikus Irma\u011f\u0131 ile Achelous\u2019un kesi\u015fti\u011fi yer de Graia-ach<\/em>\u2019lar\u0131n \u2013yani Yunan halk\u0131n\u0131n- as\u0131l anayurduydu. Buran\u0131n biti\u015fi\u011findeki \u0131rmak, \u00a0<\/strong>Aegi Irma\u011f\u0131, asl\u0131nda Acheolus deltas\u0131na ait bir ge\u00e7itti ama Herakles<\/em> (ad\u0131 Herk\u00fcl ya da Kur-Kal olan Fenike tanr\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fil Yunan maceraperest Herakles) Kaledonlar\u0131n (Caledonians) ya da Kildanilerin (Chaldeans) \u00a0<\/strong>ricas\u0131 \u00fczerine buraya bir baraj kurdu ve \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n ta\u015fan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bereketli topraklara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Am-Althea\u2019n\u0131n anlam\u0131 \u201cAletheia ya da Alytta ovas\u0131\u201d d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Achelous\u2019un do\u011fusunda Arimi\u2019ler ve bat\u0131s\u0131nda Arim-Az-Fi ya da Bat\u0131 Arimi\u2019ler bulunuyordu. Graiae\u2019lerin (s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u201cya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir; b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla, bunun nedeni Graiae\u2019lerin kad\u0131n erkek ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzun, siyah elbiseler giymesidir) tek g\u00f6zl\u00fc oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylentisi bundan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r \u00fcnk\u00fc Herodot<\/em>\u2019un da belirtti\u011fi gibi (4;26), \u201cArima spu \u0130skit dilinde \u201ctek g\u00f6zl\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.\u00a0 Bu \u00f6rnek, Yunan tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa eden ve Yunan g\u00f6reneklerine g\u00f6re ya\u015fay\u0131p Yunan dilini konu\u015fan Yunanlar\u0131n, ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem kolonicileri de\u011fil as\u0131l Yunanlar oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar \u00fcnk\u00fc onlar Tammuz\u2019a tapanlar\u0131n (Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Amazonlar olarak bildi\u011fi, Elbrus Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki Thammuzeria Da\u011f\u0131ndan gelen Tammuzonlar) \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan ayr\u0131lan ve Amazonlar\u0131 fethettikten sonra Pers ulusunu kuran Perseus\u2019tan \u00f6nce de bu b\u00f6lgedeydiler.<\/p>\n

    Amazonlar\u0131n Elbrus Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n eteklerindeki uluslar\u0131 (bunlar Tufan geleneklerinde El Bari\u2019ler ya da Huburi\u2019ler olarak ge\u00e7er) yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131ktan sonraki\u00a0 fetihlerinde Thammuzeria Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya da Tammuz Sachar\u2019\u0131n eteklerinde akmakta olan Aram-Udon nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 indiler ve bu nehrin Tammuz-Alontas ile kesi\u015fti\u011fi yerde Chersonese<\/em> kentini kurdular.<\/p>\n

    Bir di\u011fer \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0131rmak da, do\u011fu vadisi (ve olas\u0131l\u0131kla t\u00fcm do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi) Metsera ya da\u00a0 \u0130brahim ve Cyrus Metsaras\u0131 olarak bilinen Kur Irma\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Jora\u2019n\u0131n eski ad\u0131n\u0131n, Kur ve Alizon ile birle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce yukar\u0131 kesimlerde Kem-bu-su (Kutsal Irmak; \u0130skitlerde Champsis) <\/strong>ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kesimlerde ise Abaran oldu\u011fu belirtilmelidir. Kur ve Alizon birle\u015ftikleri yer Ad Shinour ve Chaldan ovalar\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve Pirata, Koissu ya da \u201cCalling\u201d \u0131rmaklardan gelen Urie\u2019lerin k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yurduydu. Buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Babillerin \u2018Kissu\u2019 b\u00f6lgesiydi ve ilk M\u0131s\u0131r hanedan\u0131, Kazikimik Koissular, buradan geliyordu. Avar Koissu ve Ach-Su\u00a0 kabileleri olas\u0131l\u0131kla b\u00fcy\u00fck Cabiri s\u00fct\u00fcnlar\u0131ndan birinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sar-Veden\u2019de Psiddach (Sutech ya da Typhon) kentine sahipti. S\u00fct\u00fcnlardan di\u011feri ve belge odalar\u0131 ge\u00e7idin g\u00fcney taraf\u0131ndaki Achmeti\u2019deydi. Ba\u015fka yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fim gibi, Alizon\u2019u Yunanl\u0131lar ve Makarialar Elysion, Babilliler Kur-Dilumn olarak biliyorlard\u0131. Buran\u0131n sakinlerine Alaeti ya Kelti deniyor ve daha bat\u0131da ya\u015fayanlar \u0130beri olarak an\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Tamen Yar\u0131madas\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>Olas\u0131l\u0131kla Tamen yar\u0131madas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, haritan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131 biraz a\u00e7\u0131klama gerektirmektedir. Tamen ya da Ta manu \u201ctanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkesi\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Bu Yunanlar\u0131n temenos\u2019<\/em>u ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bat\u0131da yer al\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi uzun bir \u00f6yk\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fuda Uran\u00fcs\u00fc (Urie), Bat\u0131da Kronos\u2019u ve Amalthea Boynuzu yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Zeus\u2019u anlatan gizem gelenekleri tarihte ger\u00e7ekten ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekleri -k\u0131staktaki sava\u015flar\u0131 ve yerle\u015fmeleri- temsil ediyor g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. K\u00fck negrito<\/em> \u0131rk\u0131 bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lara son derece ba\u011fl\u0131, ma\u011faralarda ya\u015fayan bir \u0131rkt\u0131 ve \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131 ama geni\u015f \u0130skit (Thini) \u0131rk\u0131, metal i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve ustalar\u0131yd\u0131 ve da\u011flar\u0131n tepelerindeki rahiplere, Taautiler,\u00a0 ya\u00a0 da y\u00f6neticilere, Theoi, tap\u0131n\u0131yordu. Aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki bir \u015fekilde, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu sahilinde Araplar ve Negrolar aras\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce var olan ili\u015fkiyi and\u0131r\u0131yordu. Anapa yar\u0131madas\u0131 Circe\u2019nin nesus<\/em>uydu ve o b\u00f6lgenin Circetae\u2019leri (G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131ndaki Akrep Halk\u0131) Tamen\u2019in ok\u00e7ular\u0131yd\u0131. Kabardi, ba\u015f\u0131n sol yan\u0131nda uzun bir sa\u00e7 l\u00fclesiydi. Asiller, bunu kullanarak ta\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, yani geyik ve kurt ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 vs, ba\u015flar\u0131na tuttururlard\u0131. Bu, Sindi, Hindi ya da bu g\u00fcnk Hindistan\u2019da tanr\u0131lar\u0131n simgesidir ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan gelen bir gelenektir. Circe, Kirke ya da b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc ile hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bu deneyimden geliyordu. Colchis, Kalkacha Aea, \u00f6nceden Tamen Yar\u0131madas\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcler, \u201cmeschet\u201d denilen al \u00f6k\u00fcz derilerine, do\u011fuda ya da Bak\u00fc Serach\u2019da ipek kefenlere sar\u0131l\u0131r ve Susa\u2019da \u00f6k\u00fcz postuna benzeyen toprak kavanozlarda saklan\u0131rd\u0131. Phoinix (Anka) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve efsanesi buradan gelir. Athena ve Zeus d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm tanr\u0131lar\u0131n neden k\u0131staktan s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Mesen\u2019li Osiris sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n,\u00a0 Kafkasya\u2019da aynal\u0131 teleskopun kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, Do\u011fu Kafkasyan\u0131n Adalet Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ramman-Anthu\u2019nun, Feni-Kale\u2019nin ve Anayalius\u2019un, A\u015fil\u2019in beyaz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f, <\/strong>\u0130srail ve Medea\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f aslanlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi ve y\u00fczlerce di\u011fer konu ba\u015fka bir zamana b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Daha \u00f6nceki makalelerde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, tap\u0131naklar dahil t\u00fcm kamu binalar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda yer alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu ve pek \u00e7o\u011funun yerinin belirlenebilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 arkeologlara cesaret verecektir.<\/p>\n

    Ben, t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli sivil ve dini toplant\u0131lar\u0131n (Yunan Areopagosunun bile) binlerce y\u0131l boyunca yer alt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011funu buldum ve y\u0131llard\u0131r arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda elektrikli matkaplar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyim. Bu salt, \u0130skender\u2019in hazinesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla eski Achmeti kay\u0131tlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda gizlendi\u011fi Kafkasya i\u00e7in de\u011fil Yunanistan, M\u0131s\u0131r, Filistin, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Eski kay\u0131tlar sonsuza dek yitik de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca eski yer alt\u0131 odalar\u0131nda gizlidir.<\/p>\n

    Mitarkeoloji<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Bu, mitlerdeki g\u00f6ndermelerin ve yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc yoluyla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemidir. Yer adlar\u0131 ve g\u00f6ndermeler tarihsel fosiller gibi ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in jeoloji ile belirli benzerli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Jeoloji biliminin fosillerin incelenmesi \u00fczerine temellenmesi gibi biz de bu fosille\u015fmi\u015f gelenek ve adlar \u00fczerine \u201cmitarkeoloji\u201d bi\u00e7iminde adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek yeni bir bilim in\u015fa ediyoruz. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar kesinlikle verimli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur ve Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca arkeologlarca yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde incelenece\u011fini umuyoruz.<\/p>\n

    K\u0131staktaki Irklar<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 bir nokta ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve geli\u015fmi\u015ftir: g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, en ba\u015fta yaln\u0131zca tek bir \u0131rk vard\u0131. Bu ufak tefek, koyu renk derili bir \u0131rkt\u0131 ve ma\u011fara ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Negro<\/em> \u0131rk\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n kuzeyinde, batakl\u0131klardaki ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise\u00a0 geni\u015f bir beyaz \u0131rk olu\u015fturdu. Bu tezi kesinlikle beyan etmek i\u00e7in yeterli kan\u0131tlar hen\u00fcz toplanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama tez olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Bu arada, Osiris\u2019in mavi mask\u0131 onun asl\u0131nda bir Negro tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Te\u015fekk\u00fcr
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>Yazar, elbette, y\u00fczlerce ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya, \u00f6zellikle arkeolojinin Petrie, Sayce, Clay, Chiera, Budge, Breasted, Olmstead, Jansen, Peters, Rawlinson gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalar\u0131na bor\u00e7ludur. Ayr\u0131ca, Sir Robert Harts\u2019\u0131n adamlar\u0131ndan biri olan Brookline\u2019dan E. Gilchrist\u2019a \u00c7in kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile ilgili sorunlar s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki deste\u011fi ve Boston\u2019dan Bay R.E. Briggs\u2019e Negrito ve di\u011fer konulardaki yard\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in minnetlerimi sunar\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    B\u00d6L\u00dcM 10<\/strong><\/p>\n

    MISIRLILARIN KUTSAL YAZMALARINDA TAR\u0130F ED\u0130LEN YOLLARIN SIRRI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    (Bu makale ilk olarak 18 Mart 1924 tarihinde Christian Science Monitor dergisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr \u00f6z\u00fclmez, teolojinin o korkun\u00e7 ve de\u011fersiz hayali yok olur ve okuduk\u00e7a, kendimizi incelikli bir ahlak\u0131n ve yabanc\u0131 ama dokunakl\u0131 bir umudun e\u015fi\u011finde buluruz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bu ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir kan\u0131t\u0131, \u201cOlumsuz \u0130tiraf\u201dda bulunabilir:<\/p>\n

    Ey I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve Do\u011frunun Tanr\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f topraklar\u0131 bo\u015f b\u0131rakmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    Ey Bast\u2019\u0131n Tanr\u0131s\u0131, asla k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 gizlice g\u00f6zetlemedim.<\/p>\n

    Ey Tanr\u0131 \u00e7ocuk, do\u011fruyu ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi duymazdan gelmedim.<\/p>\n

    Ey Kutsal Kentin Tanr\u0131s\u0131, hi\u00e7 kimseyi a\u011flatmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    Ey Y\u00fczlerin Tanr\u0131s\u0131, kimseyi ac\u0131mas\u0131zca yarg\u0131lamad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    Ey Nu Tanr\u0131s\u0131, sesime kibir katmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    Ey Kau, ayr\u0131m istemedim.<\/p>\n

    Ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k ortada ancak umut gizliydi. Bu gizli umut, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra, ki\u015finin Ana Yurda, Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Siris Vadisine, g\u00fcne\u015fin Bak\u00fc \u00fczerinden do\u011fup Ta Manu (Taman) \u00fczerinden batt\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklara, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 kolonile\u015ftiren\u00a0 ve Sekhet Elilerin\u00a0 (Sakatly) ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklara\u00a0\u00a0 geri d\u00f6nebilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u201d, bu anayurda ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, oraya nas\u0131l gidilece\u011fi, \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerin hangi s\u0131n\u0131r ta\u015flar\u0131yla tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve oraya var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ne ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131nda tam ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler veriyordu. Bu bilgiler son derece kesindir ve antik co\u011frafya \u00f6\u011frencileri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r ve yo\u011fun incelemelere a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130leride g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi, bilgiler olduk\u00e7a basittir. Ancak rahipler bunlar\u0131n rahipli\u011fe kabul edilmi\u015f olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesini arzulam\u0131yordu; bu nedenle, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n bu bilgileri i\u00e7eren b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 17, 18, 64, 125, 149, 150 ve di\u011ferleri yaln\u0131zca ellerinde bir anahtar, ama \u00e7ok basit bir anahtar, bulunduran ki\u015filerin anlayabilece\u011fi bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Kaynaklar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>Erken d\u00f6nem co\u011frafyac\u0131lar, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131larla ve G\u00fcney Kafkas Vadisi halklar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u0131rktan geldi\u011fini biliyordu. Herodot<\/em>, \u0130.\u00d6. 450 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u201c Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok ki, Colchians<\/em>\u201d (<\/strong>Bat\u0131 Kafkas Vadisinin sakinleri, erken d\u00f6nem co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n bilgisi bu kadarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131) \u201cM\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u0131rkt\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan duymadan \u00f6nce kendim de dile getirmi\u015ftim. \u00a0<\/strong>Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce akl\u0131ma geldikten sonra, hem Colchis<\/em> hem de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da konuyla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131m ve Colchianlar\u0131n<\/em> M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Colchianlar<\/em> hakk\u0131nda an\u0131msad\u0131klar\u0131ndan daha fazla an\u0131ya sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 buldum… Bu halk kara derili ve k\u0131v\u0131rc\u0131k sa\u00e7l\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in,\u00a0 varsay\u0131mlar\u0131m temelsiz de\u011fildi… Bir kan\u0131t daha ekleyece\u011fim. Bu iki halk pamuklar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde dokur ve kulland\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda bilen hi\u00e7 kimse yoktur… Ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imleri ve konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda da, birbirlerini and\u0131r\u0131rlar.\u201d Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Herodo<\/em>t, 2;104.<\/p>\n

    Herodot\u2019un son derece sa\u011flam bir g\u00f6zlemci olmas\u0131na ve konuyu olay yerinde inceleyip bulgular\u0131n\u0131 kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak kontrol etmesine kar\u015f\u0131n (Herodot<\/em>, 3;12), vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar ku\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, bu bulgular \u201cBat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131k<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 yaz\u0131mda sundu\u011fum bir \u00e7ok ba\u015fka kan\u0131t ile desteklenmi\u015f ve Profes\u00f6r Newberry\u2019nin Nature <\/em>dergisinin 25 Eyl\u00fcl 1923 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda bulunabilecek olan Britanya Antropolji Derne\u011fi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k konu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda son derec g\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z: Clay, Empire of Amorites<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Bu yaln\u0131zca M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ile Colchianlar\u0131n<\/em> ayn\u0131 \u0131rktan oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar; hangisinin di\u011ferinden t\u00fcredi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaz. Ancak, bu konuda da elimizde bir \u00e7ok kan\u0131t bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Aetia<\/em> M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n, Siris<\/em> de Nil\u2019in eski ad\u0131yd\u0131. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Rawlinson\u2019\u0131n Herodotus<\/em> notlar\u0131 2;15. Bat\u0131 Kafkasya Vadisi, Jason efsanesinde ge\u00e7en Kral Aeetes\u2019in yurduydu (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Smith Classical Dictionary<\/em>); ve Cyrus, t\u0131pk\u0131 Nil\u2019in M\u0131s\u0131r Vadisinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 neredeyse boydan boya dola\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n Cennet b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Budge taraf\u0131ndan \u201cOsiris ve M\u0131s\u0131r Gelene\u011finde Yeniden Do\u011fum\u201d<\/em> adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Cilt 2, sayfa 155, \u015fu \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \u201cD\u00fcnyay\u0131 ku\u015fatan da\u011flar\u0131n \u00f6te yan\u0131nda Tuat adl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgenin var oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Tuat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6te yan\u0131nda benzer bir da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 vard\u0131, yani, Tuat\u2019\u0131n Nil Vadisine \u00e7ok benzeyen uzun bir vadi bi\u00e7iminde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bu iki da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131na paralel uzan\u0131yor ve onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu… M\u0131s\u0131r boyunca akan Nil gibi, Tuat vadisi boyunca da bir \u0131rmak ak\u0131yordu.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Harita incelendi\u011finde, Kafkas ve Ermenistan Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki vadinin bu tarife t\u0131pat\u0131p uydu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n

    Son bir kesin kan\u0131t ise, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n \u201cCennet\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, g\u00fcne\u015fin \u201cG\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak bilinen Bakhau ad\u0131nda bir da\u011f \u00fczerinden do\u011fdu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. G\u00fcne\u015f buradan y\u00fckselip, denizin \u00fczerinde bat\u0131yordu. Kafkas da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131 do\u011fuda\u00a0 Hazar Denizi\u2019nden, bat\u0131da Karadeniz\u2019e uzan\u0131r. Do\u011fu yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Bakhu\u2019dur, bat\u0131 yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131ysa Taman.\u00a0 D\u00fcnyada Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yerde bu ko\u015fullar bulunmaz, Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda ise gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131n t\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Elde pek \u00e7ok kan\u0131t daha vard\u0131r ama bu kadar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. <\/p>\n

    \u201cUfuk Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Anlam\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \nKafkas da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131, ekvatora neredeyse tam 23 \u00bd derece e\u011fimle uzan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, g\u00fcne\u015f, y\u0131l\u0131n en k\u0131sa g\u00fcn\u00fcnde Bak\u2019den do\u011far ve en uzun g\u00fcn\u00fcnde da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 boyunca ilerleyerek Taman\u2019da batard\u0131.<\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar \u201cufuk\u201d terimini kulland\u0131klar\u0131nda ak\u0131llar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en, Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 izleyen bu hatt\u0131. Bu hat, onlar\u0131n yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcyordu. Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ya da ufuk, cehennem ya da Hades, g\u00fcneyde kalan b\u00f6lge ise Kutsanm\u0131\u015flar\u0131n Topraklar\u0131 ya da Elysium say\u0131l\u0131yordu. Birinden di\u011ferine ge\u00e7menin tek yolu, ufuktaki aral\u0131kt\u0131. Bu aral\u0131k, karanl\u0131k ve kasvetli Arabus \u2013Erebus, Abydos- ya da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla Dariel ge\u00e7ididir.<\/p>\n

    Bak yar\u0131madas\u0131nda, kuzey ve g\u00fcney y\u00f6nlerinde uzanan bir da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 Marasy<\/em> ge\u00e7idi olan bir aral\u0131k bulunur ve bu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Shamash adl\u0131 ufak bir da\u011f yer al\u0131r. Y\u0131l\u0131n en k\u0131sa g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, y\u00fckselmekte olan g\u00fcne\u015f Marrasy ya da Marash ge\u00e7idi aras\u0131ndan Shamash da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tepeleri \u00fczerinde parl\u0131yordu. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda bu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201cTanr\u0131 Ra\u2019n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Do\u011fu Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d (b\u00f6l\u00fcm 109) Bak\u00fc ise \u201cG\u00fcn Do\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Babil gelenklerinde, buradan \u201cG\u00fcne\u015fin Girdi\u011fi yer\u201d olarak s\u00f6z edilir. Ge\u00e7it ve da\u011f, do\u011fal bir g\u00f6zlem evi olu\u015fturuyordu ve Babil\u2019in g\u00f6zlem evleri ya da ziguratlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131f\u0131r derece ile ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 boylam\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas Vadisinin bu do\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, M\u0131s\u0131r, Babil, Sami, Fenike, Yunan ve Pers dinlerinin kutsal topraklar\u0131yd\u0131. Babil dilindeki tek heceleri belirten i\u015faretlerin listesinde, Sir, Ur ve Napahu birbirine e\u015fit say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nucha, Bak\u00fcs\u00fcn ve asman\u0131n do\u011fum yeriydi. B\u00f6lgenin di\u011fer adlar\u0131 Dilmun, Hypiberea ve Alyson\u2019du. Geni\u015f al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerinin kenti olan Erech, Dariel ge\u00e7idinin \u00f6teki ucunda yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    \u201cUfkun\u201d bat\u0131 ucu ya da Kafkas S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 Taman \u2013Ta manu- \u201cG\u00fcn Bat\u0131m\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 idi. Taman yar\u0131madas\u0131 Karadeniz ile bug\u00fcn Azov Denizi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan su k\u00fctlesi aras\u0131nda uzan\u0131r ama Azov\u2019un o zamanki ad\u0131 \u201cMaaitis Havuzu\u201d ya da Maeatis G\u00f6l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Yar\u0131madan\u0131n ucunda Kuban Nehrinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu al\u00e7ak, bal\u00e7\u0131k araziler yer al\u0131yordu. Yar\u0131madada Kimmerler (Cimmerians) ya da Khemuri\u2019ler ya\u015f\u0131yordu (Strabo<\/em>, 11;11;5) ve b\u00f6lge yo\u011fun sisleriyle \u00f6yle \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc ki, \u201cKimmer karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d bizim \u201ck\u00f6r karanl\u0131k deyimini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Maaitis G\u00f6l\u00fc de \u201cKaranl\u0131klar \u00dclkesi Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6l\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. <\/p>\n

    G\u00fcne\u015fin \u0130zledi\u011fi G\u00fcnl\u00fck Yol \u00dczerine \u0130lkel D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler
    \n<\/strong>
    \n\u0130lkel insan i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015f, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir ate\u015fti ve ilkel \u0131rklar\u0131n t\u00fcm ate\u015fe tapard\u0131. Belirlenebildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla, Ur\u2019lar en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri ate\u015fe tap\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Al \u0131rk\u0131, en ba\u015fta f\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 Al\u2019a taparken daha sonralar\u0131, olas\u0131l\u0131kla y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce alev alan a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ya da I Kings <\/em>18\u2019de tarif edilenlere benzer olaylar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, Al\u2019a ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131\u00a0 olarak tap\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ur\u2019lar ve Al\u2019lar siyasal ve dinsel anlamda birle\u015fip Ur-Al, Khur-Al ya da Herk\u00fcl ad\u0131nda bir ikiz tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu tanr\u0131, zaman zaman isim benzerli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00e7l\u00fc Yunanl\u0131 Herakles ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Herodot<\/em>, 2:44). Aet ya da Aed \u0131rk\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta Ae, Aem ya da Thaem olarak bilinen karanl\u0131klar tanr\u0131s\u0131na tap\u0131n\u0131yordu ama sonradan onlar da Ur\u2019lar ile birle\u015fip Aet-Ur, Neter ya da Petera olarak bilinen ikiz bir tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 koloni haline getiren Fenikeliler (Kani\u2019ler ya da Phoeni\u2019ler) asl\u0131nda Aed ya da Aet \u0131rk\u0131ndan geliyor ve alt\u0131n-k\u0131z\u0131l renkli bir kartala, aetos\u2019s, tap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ama sonradan Aet-Ur ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar. Asl\u0131nda, Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde ve Arabus Ge\u00e7idinin kuzey ucunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Terek ve Sunsha aras\u0131nda geni\u015f bir \u0131rmak adas\u0131ndan geliyorlard\u0131. Ge\u00e7it boyunca g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ilerleyerek, ge\u00e7idin Alizon Vadisine a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktaya vard\u0131lar. Buraya yerle\u015ftiler ve ad\u0131n\u0131 Ta Neter koydular. Ta Neter\u2019in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 Tioneti\u2019dir ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a yerle\u015fenler buradan gelmedir. <\/p>\n

    Ufuk Tanr\u0131lar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \nB\u00f6ylece M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar Ur ve Ae ya da Ae-m, M-ae (m<\/em> tanr\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir, ae<\/em> karanl\u0131k, t<\/em> ya da d<\/em> ise yer ya da toprak demektir) adl\u0131 tanr\u0131lara tap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Tanr\u0131 Ur\u2019u do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fin tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak al\u0131p, Hazar Denizinde y\u00fckseliyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in ona O-s-ur ya da Osiris ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. (o<\/em> su demektir; s<\/em> ba\u011flant\u0131 bi\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak herhangi bir \u00e7e\u015fit hareket anlam\u0131na gelir; ve Ur, ate\u015f ya da ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 demektir). Tanr\u0131 T-ae-m ya da M-ae-t\u2019i ise batan g\u00fcne\u015f ya da karanl\u0131k tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul ettiler. Osiris\u2019in da\u011f\u0131 ve yar\u0131madas\u0131 Bak\u00fc ya da Bakhau, -Y\u00fckseli\u015f Kap\u0131s\u0131-\u00a0 (b<\/em> kap\u0131 ve h<\/em> yukar\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece ach<\/em> ya da ash<\/em> y\u00fckseli\u015f anlam\u0131 verir) T-ae-m\u2019in da\u011f\u0131 ve yar\u0131madas\u0131 ise Taman ya da Ta-Manu\u2019ydu.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar \u201cUfuk Tanr\u0131lar\u0131\u201d idi. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak tanr\u0131 ya da \u00f6\u011flen g\u00fcne\u015fi tanr\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ad Ra<\/em>\u2019yd\u0131.\u00a0 (Ra daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ait bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckt\u00fcr ve anlam\u0131 tam olarak bilinmemektedir ancak olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u201cBo\u015fluk Ate\u015fi\u201d\u00a0 ya da \u201cG\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Ate\u015fi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir). Baz\u0131 tap\u0131naklar Osiris\u2019i, di\u011ferleri Tem\u2019i benimsedi ve tap\u0131naklar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekabet olu\u015ftu. G\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131 ile G\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 dinsel t\u00f6rende bir arada bulunmas\u0131 az rastlan\u0131r bir durumdur. Rakip tap\u0131naklar, cennete nas\u0131l var\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusunda bile iki ayr\u0131 rota \u00f6neriyordu. Osiris\u2019in m\u00fcritlerinin \u201cbat\u0131 topraklar\u0131 yolundan, Tem\u2019in m\u00fcritlerininse \u201cdo\u011fu topraklar\u0131\u201d yolundan cennete ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu rotalar\u0131n tayini olduk\u00e7a tuhaf g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir ama belki de a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Tet\u2019ler ya da\u00a0 Shu S\u00fctunlar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \n\u0130lkel idollar a\u011fa\u00e7 direklerdi ve Khur-Khal bir ikiz tanr\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yan yana duran iki s\u00fctundu. Sa\u011f taraftakinin, ya da do\u011fuya bakan\u0131n, ad\u0131 Jakin\u2019di. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: I Kings<\/em>, 7). Bunlar ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00fczerlerinde s\u00fcrekli ate\u015f yanard\u0131. Daha sonra, cam icat edildi\u011finde, alevi r\u00fczgardan korumak i\u00e7in etraf\u0131na \u201cOsiris\u2019in G\u00f6z\u201d ad\u0131 verilen cam bir koruma yerle\u015ftirildi ve bu olduk\u00e7a etkili bir yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 mercek sistemi olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc. S\u00fctunlardan birinin ate\u015fi i\u00e7in ye\u015fil, di\u011feri i\u00e7inse k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 sar\u0131 bir cam kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Sur \u015fehrinde yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak \u0130.\u00d6. 2755\u2019te kurulmu\u015f olan\u00a0 Herk\u00fcl Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019<\/em>n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k \u0130.\u00d6. 450 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0 ziyaret eden Heredot \u201cgece vakti g\u00f6rkemli bir \u0131\u015f\u0131kla par\u0131ldayan biri som alt\u0131ndan di\u011feri ise z\u00fcmr\u00fctten iki s\u00fctun\u201d g\u00f6rd\u00fc. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Herodot,<\/em> 2;44). \u201cTet\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bu cam korumalarla pek \u00e7ok modern \u00f6rnekten daha iyi bir optik sistem sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Kuban\u2019\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndaki bal\u00e7\u0131k arazinin seviyesi al\u00e7akt\u0131 ve Kimmerlerin\u00a0 <\/strong>topraklar\u0131n\u0131 sis basmaktayd\u0131. Bu nedenle Bo-Az\u2019a (Az\u2019\u0131n Su Kap\u0131s\u0131, ya da Az-ov; daha sonradan, bunun bir \u015fekilde oraya getirilen s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc ve s\u00f6zc\u00fck Bos-porus bi\u00e7imini ald\u0131) b\u00fcy\u00fck boy iki adet \u201ctet\u201d yerle\u015ftirildi. Bunlar g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Shu\u2019nun Yani Khur-Khal\u2019\u0131n s\u00fctunlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ilkel sakinleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlak oldu\u011funu ve g\u00fcne\u015fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bilmedikleri i\u00e7in, g\u00fcne\u015fin Hazar Denizinden y\u00fckselip \u201cDo\u011fu Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d yoluyla G\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131 Bakhau\u2019dan ge\u00e7ip Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131 boyunca ilerleyerek G\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 Ta-Manu ve Shu S\u00fctunlar\u0131na vard\u0131ktan sonra Maati Havuzunda, yani Maaitis G\u00f6l\u00fcnde, batt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gece boyunca atlar\u0131n\u0131 kuzey Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda dinlendirdi\u011fini (Yunan mitolojisi) ya da teknesiyle do\u011fuya yolculuk edip ertesi sabah, zaman\u0131 gelince, Hazar Denizinden g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Fenikelilerin Karadeniz ile Hazar DeniziAras\u0131ndaki Ticaret Yolu
    \n<\/strong>
    \n\u0130nsan, do\u011fal olarak, Karadeniz\u2019den Hazar Denizine gitmek i\u00e7in en iyi yolun G\u00fcney Kafkas Vadisi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ama bu rota, sald\u0131rgan kabileler aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7meyi gerektiren upuzun bir kara yolculu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geliyordu ve Fenikeliler denizci bir ulustu. Bat\u0131 Vadisi Colchis ise ticarette Fenikelilerin rakibiydi.<\/p>\n

    Haritaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Azov ve Hazar Denizleri aras\u0131nda uzanan bir dizi ufak g\u00f6l, Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6lleri, g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Harita, bu g\u00f6llerin suyunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Karadeniz\u2019e bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131nsa Hazar Denizine akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u015eu anda Sovyet H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu yol \u00fczerinde deniz yolculu\u011funu olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in bu ge\u00e7idi daha da derinden kazmaktad\u0131r. Ama bizim \u015fu anda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zamanda, yani, \u0130.\u00d6. 11.000-9000 aras\u0131nda, Hazar Denizi bu denli kurumadan \u00f6nce (\u015fu anda deniz seviyesinin 80 feet alt\u0131ndad\u0131r), Azov Denizinden Hazar Denizine do\u011frudan yelken a\u00e7mak ve buradan Aral yoluyla Faysabad\u2019a inmek olanakl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130.\u00d6. 200 gibi ge\u00e7 bir tarihte bile, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu sahili ile Faysabad aras\u0131nda bir su ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Ancak su seviyesi d\u00fc\u015fmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc ve \u0130.\u00d6. 200 tarihinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra (\u00c7in tarih yazmalar\u0131 \u0130.\u00d6. 125 tarihini\u00a0 vermektedir) Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Seres\u2019ler kervan ticareti i\u00e7in yollar kurdu.<\/p>\n

    Hazar Denizinin su seviyesindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften sonra bile Fenikeliler kalsik atlaslarda giri\u015finde Phanagoria<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 (Deniz Feneri \u0130\u015fareti) <\/strong>g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi Hazar Denizine yelken a\u00e7\u0131p, Kuban ya da Oceanus nehri boyunca yukar\u0131 ilerleyip\u00a0 Terek ve Sunsha aras\u0131ndaki Ser-Ser ya da Ur-Ur \u0131rmak adas\u0131ndan ve sonra Dariel ya da Arabus Ge\u00e7idinden ge\u00e7ebiliyorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece kendi ana yurtlar\u0131 Ta Neter\u2019e ya da Alizon Vadisine varmalar\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir tekne ile Alizon boyunca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inerek Cyrus ya da Siris\u2019e ve Hazar Denizine varmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    Tap\u0131naklar ve D\u0131\u015f Ticaret
    \n<\/strong>
    \nEski zamanlarda tap\u0131naklar yaln\u0131zca tap\u0131nma mekanlar\u0131 de\u011fil, banka, \u00fcniversite, teknik okul, konsolosluk b\u00fcrosu, ticaret odas\u0131 olarak da i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Yeni bir ulus ile ticaret yapmaya ba\u015flayan t\u00fcccar bir ulusun ilk i\u015fi, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n kredi ve ticari bilgi alabilmesi i\u00e7in kendi tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmak oluyordu.<\/p>\n

    Ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131mda, Sidon\u2019lu Fenikelilerin, \u0130.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 1250 tarihinde eski zamanlardaki ticari faaliyetlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn F\u0131rat ve Dicle krall\u0131klar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve o g\u00fcnlerde, Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen s\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki \u00fclkelerle \u00e7ok k\u00e2r getiren ticari ba\u011flar kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l Deniz Akademisi (Naval College) tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131tlar\u0131 inceleyerek saptad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftim. Herk\u00fcl\u00fcn bu kay\u0131p s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt deniz seferi d\u00fczenlediklerinden, \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlere gidip her seferden sonra raporlar haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 kan\u0131s\u0131na vard\u0131klar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftim. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Strabo<\/em>, 2;5).<\/p>\n

    S\u00fctunlar\u0131\u00a0 bulamamalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni s\u0131\u011fla\u015fan Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6l\u00fc rotas\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, Az-ov denizi ucunda Bo-Az S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ve Hazar Denizi\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Jakin S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 (D\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Noktas\u0131) i\u015faretlemi\u015f olmalar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Jakin S\u00fctunlar\u0131, bu g\u00fcn en yeni haritalarda bile g\u00f6sterilmektedir; \u00f6rne\u011fin Times Atlas<\/em>\u2019da Stavka Terekli (Herk\u00fcl\u00fcn De\u011fne\u011fi), 71; 1;2 ve K\u00fck Steiler Atlas<\/em>\u2019\u0131nda Kerkheuli Juk Jewe (Herk\u00fcl\u00fcn Jak\u00a0 Feneri), <\/strong>49; 0; 19. <\/strong>Ama elbette, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Hazar Denizi k\u0131y\u0131dan 40 mil i\u00e7eri \u00e7ekildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Hazar\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131, deniz kabuklar\u0131 kumsal\u0131 belirlem. Ektedir.<\/p>\n

    Asl\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em> Neydi?
    \n<\/strong>
    \n\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019ndaki gizemli bilgiler, \u00a0<\/strong>Fenikeli tacirlerin, Fenikelilerin ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Ana Yurdu olan Alizon Vadisine ula\u015fabilmeleri i\u00e7in eski yol tarifleridir.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n gizeminin nas\u0131l \u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatmak \u015fu an i\u00e7in olanaks\u0131z. Ama olanlar\u0131 \u015fu bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz: Bu, bir \u015feyin y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Mekke\u2019ye ya da Yahudileri Kud\u00fcs\u2019e gitmekten al\u0131koymas\u0131na benzer. Bu durum \u00f6yle uzun s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olsun ki sonunda Mekke\u2019nin ya da Kud\u00fcs\u00fcn yeri t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yitirilsin. \u00d6yle ki, buralar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek yerler oldu\u011fu bile bilinmeyip, insanlar sonunda buralar\u0131n mitik yerler oldu\u011funa ve buralara nas\u0131l gidilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan yazmalar\u0131n yol tarifleri de\u011fil dinsel t\u00f6renleri aktaran yazmalar oldu\u011funa inans\u0131n. Bu durumun nedeni ne olursa olsun, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019ndaki yol tariflerinin Alizon Vadisine, Ta Neter\u2019e (Tioneti) ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, ne y\u00f6ne gidilece\u011fine hangi kabilelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na, yol i\u015faretlerinin ne oldu\u011funa ve hangi\u00a0 i\u015faret kulelerinin bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bilgi veren tarifler oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir. <\/p>\n

    Bat\u0131 Topraklar\u0131ndan Ge\u00e7en Yol
    \n<\/strong>
    \nTutankamon\u2019un mezar\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131na yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u201c\u0130ki Yolun Kitab\u0131<\/em> yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en her iki yoldan da, yani Pirikan ve Van G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en \u201cDo\u011fu Topraklar\u0131\u201d yolundan\u00a0 ve Kuban Nehri ve Azov Denizi \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en \u201cBat\u0131 Topraklar\u0131\u201d yolundan, s\u00f6z eder. Bunlar\u0131n ikincisi olas\u0131l\u0131kla daha ilgi \u00e7ekicidir, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>n\u0131n 17, 18, 64, 125, 149 ve 150. b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri bu yoldan s\u00f6z eder.<\/p>\n

    Bu tariflere g\u00f6re, \u00f6nce B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil G\u00f6l\u2019den (Akdeniz) ve Karadeniz\u2019den ge\u00e7ilerek Maati Havuzunun (Azov Denizi) ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Restau \u00fclkesine ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak di\u011fer metinlerin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, Res-Tau asl\u0131nda Tau-res yani eski Toros oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in,\u00a0 Restau, Rostow kenti de\u011fil, Mateis G\u00f6l \u00e7evresindeki topraklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Hecelerin bu bi\u00e7imde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k rastlanan bir durumdur \u2013 \u00f6rne\u011fin, Ur-ab ve Ab-ur- ve gerek \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em> gerekse eski yaz\u0131tlar bunlarla doludur. <\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>n\u0131n 17. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde belirtildi\u011fi gibi, Restau ya da Taurus, yeralt\u0131ndaki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kuzey kap\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131, bu b\u00f6lgeye Chersonesus Taurica ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n

    Sonra, Tches-ert (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ker-tsch) bo\u011faz\u0131 \u00fczerinden Kuban Nehrinin a\u011fz\u0131na var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Shu S\u00fctunlar\u0131 burada bulunur. \u201cTchesert Kap\u0131s\u0131 Shu S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 kap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r\u201d. Shu g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131, yani Ur-Al ya da Khur-Khal, Herk\u00fcl\u2019d\u00fc. \u201cZeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyindeki kent\u201dde, yani daha sonradan Phanagoria\u2019n\u0131n in\u015fa edildi\u011fi yerde biri karaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6lenler i\u00e7in bir lamban\u0131n \u00fczerine cam bir \u00e7anak yerle\u015ftirip bunu Kuban\u2019\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6merek dinsel bir t\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu. Ard\u0131ndan buray\u0131 yeniden kaz\u0131yordu. Bu, Osiris\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015funu simgeliyordu: Osiris alevdi; cam \u00e7anak \u201cOsiris\u2019in G\u00f6z\u201d, yani g\u00f6k kubbenin saydam yar\u0131k\u00fcresi olarak kabul ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

    Daha sonra bu ki\u015fi Fenku ya da Fenikeliler taraf\u0131ndan bir s\u0131navdan ge\u00e7iriliyordu. Kendisine bir bilmece soruluyordu: \u00c7i\u00e7eklerin alt\u0131nda toplanan ve zeytin a\u011fac\u0131nda oturan kimdir?\u201d ve yan\u0131t\u0131 yaln\u0131zca rahipli\u011fe kabul edilmi\u015f biri bilebilirdi: \u201cYa\u011f (mineral ve zeytin), Ate\u015f ya da Osiris.\u201d Yan\u0131t\u0131 bilemeyen, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. <\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>, bunun ard\u0131ndan Kuban yolu \u00fczerindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli kabileve \u00fclkeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. Bunlar \u00e7e\u015fitli yol ve s\u0131n\u0131r i\u015faretleri, \u00a0<\/strong>yani \u00e7e\u015fitli da\u011flar, vs.dir. Genelde \u201chavuzlar\u201d <\/strong>ya da \u201cadalar\u201d olarak \u00e7evrilen s\u00f6zc\u00fck ayr\u0131ca nehir uzant\u0131lar\u0131 anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

    En sonunda Terek ve Sunsha ile \u00e7evrili Ser-Ser, Ur-ur ya da Tur-Tur nehir adac\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n yi\u011fitliklerini anlatan Babil yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda bu kente Erech de deniyordu. Nehirdeki ada \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f olan kentin, boyu 300 feeti a\u015fan, <\/strong>ate\u015f tu\u011flas\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek duvarlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Nebuchadnezzar, Babil Surlar\u0131n\u0131 bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcney taraf\u0131ndaki surlar y\u0131lan kayn\u0131yordu. Serin bir sabah g\u00fcneye bakan eski bir duvar g\u00f6ren herhangi biri M\u0131s\u0131r ve Finiklelilerin s\u00fcr\u00fcngen s\u00fcslemelerinin nereden geldi\u011fini anlayacakt\u0131r. Sunsha Irma\u011f\u0131nda bol miktarda ya\u011f y\u00fcz\u00fcyordu. Bak\u00fc petrol Havzas\u0131n\u0131n merkezi Grosnyi, burada yer al\u0131yordu ve petrol \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in topra\u011fa bir \u00e7omak sokup kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak yeterliydi. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Ana Brittanica Ansiklopedisi, Kafkasya). Bu petrol bazen alev al\u0131yordu ve hemen yak\u0131n\u0131nda ate\u015fe tapan Persliler\u2019in Yanan Tarlalar\u0131<\/em> bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

    Bu ki\u015fi bir s\u00fcre kentte kal\u0131p belirli kitaplar\u0131 okuyor ve (Acheruntici Libri) bir zaman sonra bilge bir ki\u015filik oluyordu. Sonra \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman y\u00fczl\u00fc adamlar\u201d\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki\u00a0 Arabus ya da Ab-tu ge\u00e7idinden ge\u00e7ebilmesi i\u00e7in kendisine e\u015flik ediliyordu. Bu s\u0131rada b\u0131\u00e7akla silahlan\u0131yordu ve nihayet Ta-Neter\u2019e (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tioneti b\u00f6lgesi) yani, \u201cAet-Ur\u2019lar \u00dclkesine var\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Vadinin giri\u015finde sekizinci Cabiri Ashmeti ya da Eschmen\u2019in \u015fehri ve Kapare-uli, ya da G\u00fcne\u015f Sippara\u2019s\u0131 yer al\u0131yordu. \u201cCippus<\/em>\u201d <\/strong>b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla onun g\u00f6rkemli ta\u015f an\u0131t\u0131ndan\u00a0 t\u00fcremi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    Daha da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Sakat-uli ad\u0131yla bilinen Sekhet-Aaru, yani Sekhet-Sham bulunuyordu. (Hem Sham hem de Eli \u201cg\u00fcne\u015f\u201d ve \u201cG\u00fcne\u015f Tarlalar\u0131\u201d demektir).<\/p>\n

    Sonra bazen Harmakis olarak da bilinen Melikarkh, Achssu, Bak\u00fc, Yanan Tarlalar vs. gelir. Kral Pepi\u2019nin saray\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n arzu etti\u011fi kent olan Mzchet yukar\u0131da, vadinin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve Shenit\u2019lerin G\u00fcne\u015f Kentinin yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Elinizde Stieler Atlas\u0131 ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em> ile vadiyi boylu boyunca dola\u015fmak ilgin\u00e7 bir deneyimdir; insan Badeker<\/em>\u2019iyle kendisini turist gibi hisseder.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas Vadisinde Arkeolojik \u0130ncelemeler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Neden Gereklidir?
    \n<\/strong>
    \nK\u0131sa bir makalede yollar\u0131n ve t\u00f6renlerin vs. t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla sunulmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Ancak konunun ilgi \u00e7ekici do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye ve h\u0131zla artan g\u00e7men seli eski an\u0131tlar\u0131 yap\u0131 malzemesi edinmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm\u00fcyle y\u0131kmadan\u00a0 (bunu hi\u00e7bir yasal d\u00fczenleme engelleyemez) ve arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar g\u00e7 ya da olanaks\u0131z hale gelmeden \u00f6nce,\u00a0 insano\u011flunun bu anayurdunda bir ya da daha fazla arkeolojik inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maya\u00a0 yetecek denli ayr\u0131nt\u0131 sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fumu \u00fcmit ediyorum.<\/p>\n

    KAFKASYA, B\u00dcY\u00dcK MEDEN\u0130YETLER\u0130N ANASI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yazar\u0131n, \u201cco\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n AsyaAkdenizi<\/em> olarak bildi\u011fi i\u00e7 okyanusun do\u011fu sahili ve \u00f6zellikle onun kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu kom\u015fular\u0131 Balka\u015f ve Dschalantschash denizlerinin, en az Babil kadar eski b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0 bir medeniyetin be\u015fi\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tahmini ku\u015fkusuz bu sahalar kaz\u0131lana dek do\u011frulanamaz. Ama elimizde, bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc ile uyumlu iki ke\u015fif haberi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar\u0131n ilki, b\u00fcy\u00fck Rus bilim adam\u0131\u00a0 Rostovtzeff\u2019in (Irans and Greeks in South Asia<\/em>, sayfa 137) Altay B\u00f6lgesinde (Dschalantschash Denizinin kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131) Kuban\u2019dakileri and\u0131ran mezarlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bildirisidir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kincisi, se\u00e7kin\u00a0 Sir Aurel Stein\u2019in Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131nda ve Rus arkeologlar\u0131n\u0131n ise Baykal G\u00f6l\u2019n\u00fcn g\u00fcneyindeki b\u00f6lgede Avrupa ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren kan\u0131tlar bulmu\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar\u0131n ikisi de tezimizi t\u00fcmden kan\u0131tlamaz ama \u015fu ana dek tezimizle uyumlu haldedirler.<\/p>\n

    Selentush Okyanusu\u2019nun (Asya Akdenizi) K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmesi
    \n<\/strong>
    \nBunu yapman\u0131n bir yolu jeoloji yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ya da Britannica Ansiklopedisinin \u201cHazar Denizi\u201d maddesinde belirtildi\u011fi gibi,\u00a0 eski sahilleri, deniz kabu\u011fu tortular\u0131n\u0131 vs. incelemekten ge\u00e7er. Bir di\u011fer yol ise, yer adlar\u0131n\u0131 incelemektir. Atlantik Okyanusu kurusayd\u0131 ve biz de y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l sonra bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulmak isteseydik, dikkatimizi Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, Boston, Lynn, New London, New York, Maryland, Louisiana gibi ad gruplar\u0131na y\u00f6neltip, buralar\u0131n eski okyanus yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden uluslardan de\u011fil \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019dan gelenler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyecektik. Ve ad tiplerinden ve \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa tarihlerinin bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, kolonizasyon tarihini yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7erisinde tespit edebilirdik.<\/p>\n

    Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, g\u00fcney sahilinden ba\u015flay\u0131p do\u011fuya gitti\u011fimizde, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131na<\/em> \u00f6zg\u00fc bir dizi yer ad\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Bunlar \u00e7 ana grupta toplanabilir:<\/p>\n

    1.<\/strong>\u00a0Buhara\u2019daki Faysabad civar\u0131ndaki adlar.
    \n2.\u00a0<\/strong>Kuzey Fergane\u2019deki Kohan civar\u0131ndaki adlar.
    \n3.\u00a0<\/strong>Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki, Dschalantschash Denizi yak\u0131n\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Yedi Irmak \u00dclkesindeki adlar.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u0130.\u00d6. 6000\u2019den daha eski olmayan ad tipleri bi\u00e7iminde gruplanabilir. Ama ikinci ve \u00fcnc\u00fc gruplarda s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u0130.\u00d6. 2500 ve \u0130.\u00d6. 1000\u2019den daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ait olmayan adlar buluruz. Selentush Okyanusunun (co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n verdi\u011fi adla Asya Akdenizi<\/em>) a\u015famal\u0131 olarak kurudu\u011funu an\u0131msarsak, bu gruplar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imini kavrayabiliriz. \u00d6nce, Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn Kafkasya ile su ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kesildi ve Yedi Irmak B\u00f6lgesi ile Dsungarei B\u00f6lgesi izole oldu. Ancak tekneler hala Fergane ve Buhara\u2019dan Sir ve Amu \u0131rmaklar\u0131 yoluyla o zamanlarki ad\u0131 \u201cKithay G\u00f6l\u201d (Cathay?) \u00a0olan Aral Denizine ve b\u00f6ylece Hazar Denizine ula\u015fabiliyordu. Bu konudaki otorite Strabo\u2019dur. Ancak, Aral ve Hazar aras\u0131ndaki su yolu yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak, \u0130.\u00d6. 250\u2019de kurumu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir \u00fcnk yakla\u015f\u0131k o zamanlarda, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuzey b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Sirici<\/em>ler, Hindistan ile Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda karavan ticareti kurmu\u015flard\u0131. (Strabo<\/em>, 11.5.8). Bu noktada, Faysabad\u2019\u0131n Chitral\u2019dan yaln\u0131zca 100 mil uzakl\u0131kta olmas\u0131 ve buradan Kunar Vadisi boyunca bir y\u00fcz mil daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inildi\u011finde Hayber Ge\u00e7idine ve Hindistan\u2019a gelinebilmesi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Kokan ile Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki mesafe \u00e7ok k\u0131sayd\u0131 ve buradan \u00c7in\u2019e rahat bir yol uzan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcneyinde yer alan ve Rus arkeologlar\u0131n yeni ke\u015fiflerde bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede, yer adlar\u0131 \u0130.\u00d6. 250 y\u0131l\u0131ndan daha erken d\u00f6neme ait olamaz. Bunun bir \u00f6rne\u011fi, g\u00f6l\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 mil g\u00fcneyindeki \u201cEkure Chalcha\u201d<\/em> d\u0131r. <\/strong>Bu ad, Babil dilinde ya da Bak yar\u0131madas\u0131nda, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck (ya da Da\u011f) Evin (ya da Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n) Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Yeri\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Ancak bi\u00e7em, \u0130.\u00d6. 400\u2019den daha \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olamaz. Bu nedenle, bunun kara yolu ve kervanlarla aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

    Bu Medeniyet Neden Ke\u015ffedilmedi?
    \n<\/strong>
    \nBir ge\u00e7erli neden, bu g\u00fcne dek bilinen t\u00fcm incelemelerin \u00a0<\/strong>Selentush Okyanus\u2019unu \u00e7evreleyen da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu <\/em>taraf\u0131nda yer alan Tar\u0131m ve benzeri b\u00f6lgelerde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Herhangi bir eski medeniyet, Chabar, Kent, Urd-shar, Kok-su, Sarkansk, Ak-su, Tschingis, Arganatinsk, Bakanass, Chan-tau, Dschangys-agatsch, Kara-bulak, Ubinsk, Urunchai, Talavka, Ust-Kammerogorsk ve benzeri yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bat\u0131 <\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>taraf\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Soneklerin pek \u00e7o\u011fu elbette ki modern Rus\u00e7a\u2019ya aittir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, son iki ad asl\u0131nda Talonta ve Kammeno\u2019dur. Bu sahalar kaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z medeniyete ait bir\u015feyler bulmay\u0131 \u00fcmit edebiliriz.<\/p>\n

    Bu Medeniyet Neden Kafkas Medeniyetinden Daha Sonraki Bir D\u00f6neme Aittir?
    \n<\/strong>
    \nKan\u0131tlar, \u00f6ncelikle yer adlar\u0131 bi\u00e7imindedir. Di\u011fer kan\u0131tlar \u00e7ok belirgin de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ipe\u011fi ke\u015ffetti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen \u00c7in \u0130mparatori\u00e7esinin ad\u0131 Se-lin-tschi olarak verilmektedir ve bunun k\u0131saca Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 haritalar\u0131nda yer alan Selentchu ya da Selentash denizi, Gelenchuk, Selentchuk, Olontchuk, Alontas ve Asslandus (olas\u0131l\u0131kla Karadenizde gelgit bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve burada bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in Selene Denizi) oldu\u011funa inanmak i\u00e7in nedenler vard\u0131r. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    6 Ekim 1924.<\/p>\n

    KAFKASYA\u2019NIN SABAH TOPRAKLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yazar\u0131n,\u00a0 Yunan ve Samilerin mit olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve mit \u00fclkesi olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgular\u0131n asl\u0131nda az bilinen bir b\u00f6lgede, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131,\u00a0 meydana gelmi\u015f olaylar\u0131n tutarl\u0131 ve do\u011fru tarih\u00e7eleri oldu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik ke\u015fifleri ve bunlar\u0131n kan\u0131tlar\u0131, 1899 tarihinde Amerikan Bilim Geli\u015fimi Derne\u011fine bir yaz\u0131 olarak sunularak duyuruldu\u011funda, bu konu ile fazla ilgilenen olmad\u0131.\u00a0 Bu nedenle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 daha fazla yay\u0131n sunmadan bitirmenin daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda de\u011ferli arkeolojik malzemelerinin yitirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelen Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6l\u00fc yolunun yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n hem kuzey hem de g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerinin kolonile\u015ftirilmesi e\u011filimlerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde materyal toplanm\u0131\u015f, bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 son haline getirilerek yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn hemen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na karar verildi. Bu yay\u0131n 1923\u2019de, \u201cKafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/u><\/em> ad\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Eusebius, Berossus ve Josephus\u2019un s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi tufan \u00f6ncesi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n yerlerine ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131l dile ili\u015fkin notlar 1 Mart ve 26 haziran 1924 tarihlerinde Nature<\/em> dergisinde, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>nda anlat\u0131lan rotalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ise 24 Mart 1924 tarihinde Christian Science Monitor<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. <\/p>\n

    Daha Sonraki Makalelerin Kabul\u00fc
    \n<\/strong>
    \nDaha sonraki makaleler ve kitap, yazar\u0131n minnet duydu\u011fu bir kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve otoriteler sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaks\u0131z\u0131n kabul etti. Bu otoritelere \u00f6rnek olarak\u00a0 Origin of Biblical Traditions<\/em> adl\u0131 eseriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck Sami ve Babil uzman\u0131 Dr.Albert T.Clay\u2019i ve vefat\u0131ndan\u00a0 \u00f6nceki ki\u015fisel yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u2013bu yaz\u0131\u015fmalardan onun izniyle s\u00f6z etmekteyim- ve M\u0131s\u0131r arkeolojisi ve bununla ilintili sorunlar konusunda Ancient Egypt<\/em> (Aral\u0131k 1924)\u00a0 adl\u0131 eseriyle en g\u00fcvenilir uzman olan Sir Flinders Petrie\u00a0 verilebilir.<\/p>\n

    Yer Adlar\u0131 ve Gelenekler Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Arkeolojik \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar
    \n<\/strong>
    \nBir teorinin kabul\u00fc, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan her t\u00fcrl kaynaktan toplanan kan\u0131tlar\u0131n deste\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00f6yle de olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nature <\/em>dergisinin ele\u015ftirmeni ve yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen uzmanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Kafkas b\u00f6lgelerinde, teoremi onaylayacak arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu do\u011frudur; \u00fczerine tarihin in\u015fa edilece\u011fi sa\u011flam temelleri yaln\u0131zca k\u00fcrek ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Ama yap\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafi konumunun belirlenmesinde kullan\u0131labilecek, kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcde tutarl\u0131 ve bilimsel ba\u015fka ara\u00e7lar da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u201cKafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada yer alan ve a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7l\u00fc yer ad\u0131 sistemi bu ara\u00e7lardan biridir ve g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, \u00a0<\/strong>sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 son derece kesindir. Bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, jeologlar ancak Asya Akdenizi ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri geni\u015f i okyanusun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 konusunda ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6nceleri, Asya Akdenizi<\/em>\u2019in Hazar Denizinin do\u011fusundan, Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc de i\u00e7ine alarak, Altay Da\u011flar\u0131na uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. \u015eu anda ise, son d\u00f6nem jeolojik kan\u0131tlara da dayanarak, do\u011fuda bu kadar \u00f6teye uzanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ancak, jeolojik g\u00e7l\u00fckler bir yana, haritan\u0131n incelenmesi, Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fu ve g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ve Altaylarda bir dizi kat\u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z eski kafkasya ad\u0131 bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Kok-su, Tau-Kum, Bakanash, \u0130li, Sungaris, Ast- chibulak, Ach-Irek, Kent, Tschimi-Kent, Olon-Bulak, Ach-su, Urta-Saryk, Sary Bulak; Alan-Kuduk, Terek ve y\u00fczlerce ba\u015fka ad buna \u00f6rnektir. Bunlar yaln\u0131zca eski k\u0131y\u0131n\u0131n bulunaca\u011f\u0131, Yedi Irmak Topra\u011f\u0131 seviyesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Rostovtzeff\u2019in tuhaf ve a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f bir ger\u00e7ek bi\u00e7iminde belirtti\u011fi gibi, Altaylarda, Kafkasya\u2019daki Kuban\u2019dakileri and\u0131ran mezarlar bulunmu\u015ftur. (Bunun nedenini daha sonra g\u00f6rece\u011fiz).<\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle, Kafkas, Altay ve Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fc b\u00f6lgelerinin su yoluyla birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fundan emin olabiliriz. Dahas\u0131, Asya Akdenizi<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen denizin (Bak\u0131n\u0131z \u201cKafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>) as\u0131l ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201cSelentchuk Okyanusu\u201d (orijinal \u201cAtlantik Okyanusu\u201d)\u00a0 oldu\u011funu an\u0131msar ve Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fusunda yer alan ufak denizin hala \u201cDschalantaschash Denizi\u201d oldu\u011funa dikkat edersek bunun t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bir deniz yolu oldu\u011funu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcde kesinli\u011fe ba\u011flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

    Bug\u00fcn, tarih \u00f6ncesi ipek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve\u00a0 Argonotlar\u0131n Tel-Kaini\u2019lerce bat\u0131ya, Kos Adas\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen alt\u0131n postunun bulundu\u011fu modern Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da yer alan Gadira\u2019dan bildi\u011fimiz gibi, \u00c7in\u2019e ipe\u011fi getirenin \u201cSe-ling-tsche\u201d oldu\u011funu anlatan \u00c7in gelene\u011fini bu ba\u011flamda ele alabiliriz. \u0130skender\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Hazar Denizinde g\u00f6rkemli bir filo kurdu\u011funu ve askerlerine Hazar Denizinin Hindistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusundaki okyanus ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funa inanmak i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 nedenleri oldu\u011funu anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Strabo\u2019nun da belirtti\u011fi ve \u00c7in tarih yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n da do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Kafkaslardan ba\u015flayan ve karayolunu takip eden kervan yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 tarihinde Sereslerce kuruldu\u011funu, o zamana dek mallar\u0131n do\u011fudan Faysabad \u00fczerinden\u00a0 g\u00fcney Kafkasya Vadisine su yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Faysabad\u2019\u0131n Hayber Ge\u00e7idi ve Chitral vadisi yolu kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019dan en fazla 200 mil uzakl\u0131kta oldu\u011funu da ayn\u0131 kaynaklardan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131z. Selentchuk Okyanusu bir anda kurumad\u0131.\u00a0 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l gibi ge\u00e7 bir d\u00f6nemde bile, Hazar Denizi ile Aral\u2019\u0131n (o zamanki ad\u0131yla Kithay, yani Kathay Denizinin) ayn\u0131 su k\u00fctlesinin par\u00e7alar\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yordu. (Bu eski okyanus yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuruma h\u0131z\u0131 Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin raporlar\u0131nda verilmektedir ve mevsimlerin ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ya da kurak ge\u00e7mesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u00e7erisinde uzun zamand\u0131r yerle\u015fim bar\u0131nd\u0131ran yurtlar, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Mezopotamya\u2019daki kaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zdan bildi\u011fimiz gibi, jeolojik \u00f6zelliklerinden daha kal\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. G\u00f6rece modern topraklarda bile, ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellik g\u00f6zlenebilir. Norve\u2019in ba\u015fkenti Oslo \u0130.S. 1058 tarihinde kuruldu; 1624 y\u0131l\u0131nda ad\u0131 Christiana<\/em> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi ve 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda eski ad olan Oslo yeniden kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Norve\u00e7 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f devletlerinden biridir ancak haber vermeden sorumlu Norve\u00e7 posta i\u015fleri komisyonu,\u00a0 \u00fclkenin daha u\u00e7larda yer alan \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00f6lgesinde ba\u015fkentin asla Christiana olarak bilinmedi\u011fini, ad\u0131n\u0131n daima Oslo kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131ndaki Eski Yer Adlar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \nBinlerce y\u0131l boyunca, Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u00e7\u0131lan yollar kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etki b\u0131rakmad\u0131. K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n sakinleri daima da\u011flar\u0131n i\u00e7lerine \u00e7ekildi ve i\u015fgalcilerin g\u00fcc\u00fc azalmaya y\u00fcz tuttu\u011funda yeniden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara indi. Hyrcania\u2019da \u0130skender\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Derbent civar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk fetihlerinin belli belirsiz izlerine rastlan\u0131r ama hepsi bu kadard\u0131r. 1829 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131, uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00c7erkezistan ya da Adige<\/em>\u2019yi fethetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Rusya\u2019ya b\u0131rakt\u0131. Kafkasya\u2019ya haritac\u0131l\u0131k konusunda bilgili casuslar g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti ve 1848 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yazar\u0131n, Britanya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n jestiyle bir kopyas\u0131na ula\u015fabildi\u011fi bir askeri harita bas\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0 Bu harita t\u00fcm eski yer adlar\u0131n\u0131, Ruslar\u0131n 1875 de bile t\u00fcm\u00fcyle tamamlanamam\u0131\u015f olan i\u015fgalinden \u00f6nceki haliyle vermektedir. Bunu,\u00a0 Ptolemy\u2019nin haritas\u0131, Strabo\u2019nun tarifleri,\u00a0 daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ait di\u011fer \u00f6nemli haritalar \u2013 \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Royal Geographic Society<\/em> bu konuda eksiksiz ve son derece de\u011ferli bir koleksiyona sahiptir-\u00a0 ve\u00a0 Nottinhgham, \u0130ngiltere\u2019den Felix Oswald\u2019\u0131n jeoloji haritas\u0131 ile birlikte ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00e7l\u00fc yer ad\u0131 y\u00f6nteminin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli donan\u0131m\u0131 elde etmi\u015f oluruz. <\/p>\n

    Yer Adlar\u0131 ve Mit-Tarih
    \n<\/strong>
    \nYazar\u0131n,\u00a0 mitler co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, Sicilya ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Atlantik Okyanusu sahili aras\u0131nda ku\u015fku verici bir bo\u015fluk bulundu\u011fu yolundaki g\u00f6zlemi ve bunun \u00f6nemini fark edi\u015fi, mitlerin uzak bat\u0131 blo\u011funun yanl\u0131\u015f konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bu blo\u011fun asl\u0131nda Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fusundaki eski Atlantik ya da Selentchuk, ya da Aet-Olontchok Okyanusuna\u00a0 ait oldu\u011funun ke\u015ffine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Yunan mitlerinde ve k\u0131stak civar\u0131ndaki di\u011fer topraklar\u0131n edebiyatlar\u0131nda, meydana gelen olaylarla ilintili g\u00f6ndermeler olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, en iyi ve en k\u0131sa sonu alma yolunun t\u00fcm bu g\u00f6ndermeleri toplay\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yapmak oldu\u011fu apa\u00e7\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

    1 Ekim 1925.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

    BAB\u0130LL\u0130 G\u00d6K B\u0130L\u0130MC\u0130LER\u0130N DORUK NOKTASI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Brittanica Ansiklopedisi, Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBabil g\u00f6k bilimi Accadailerin (Agadi) <\/strong>hen\u00fcz da\u011flardaki g\u00fcvenli s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131ndan \u00a0<\/strong>inmedi\u011fi d\u00f6nemlere dayan\u0131r. Doruk noktas\u0131 Babil de\u011fil Elam \u00fczerinde sabitlenmi\u015fti ve \u0131rk\u0131n \u201cDo\u011funun Da\u011f\u0131<\/em> olarak bilinen ilkel anayurdunun g\u00f6k kubbeye destek oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Bu doruk noktas\u0131n\u0131n kesin konumunun belirlenmesi kayda de\u011fer bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131na Anahtar\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 bir makalede, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n orijinal dilinin, Clay\u2019in \u201c Zaman i\u00e7inde bizim i\u00e7in saklanm\u0131\u015f olan ve bizim Fenike dili, Aramaic, \u0130ncil \u0130branicesi vs. adlar\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz Amuraic<\/em>… erken d\u00f6nem Sami\u00a0 dili\u201d oldu\u011fu ve metnin ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fru \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi halde terc\u00fcme edildi\u011fi ve ki\u015fi adlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 dilden farkl\u0131 bir dildeki k\u00f6klerden t\u00fcretilerek yanl\u0131\u015f terc\u00fcme edildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, \u0130.\u00d6. 4000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sezar\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngilizce bir \u00e7evirisinin bulunmas\u0131na ve burada, Sezar ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n mitik adlar oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131p,\u00a0 Sezar ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u015fiddet kullanarak ele ge\u00e7iren\u201d <\/u>(Seizer) ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n \u201cGeni\u015f Kent\u201d (roomy) olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na benzer. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Amuraic<\/em> dilinde \u201cG\u00fcne\u015fin O\u011flu Osiris\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Osiris\u00a0 Urt-ab<\/em> \u201cSo\u011fuk kanl\u0131 Osiris\u201d olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Amuraic dilinde s\u0131k\u00e7a meydana geldi\u011fi gibi heceler yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finde (bak\u0131n\u0131z Jastrow, Bab.&Assyr.<\/em> Sayfa 222 ve Clay, Origin of Bib. Trad.,<\/em> sayfa 167) Ab-Ur\u2019un lakab\u0131 \u00e7evrilmeden\u00a0 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sabah ve ak\u015fam tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 \u0130ris ve Nepthys\u2019e \u201cUr-Urti\u201d tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 denir. Bu terim \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir ancak \u00f6zg\u00fcn Amuraic<\/em> dilindeki anlam\u0131 \u201cI\u015f\u0131k ve Karanl\u0131k\u201dt\u0131r. Qemurte<\/em> \u201cTufan \u015eehri\u201d <\/strong>olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir ama asl\u0131nda \u00e7evrilmemesi gerekirdi \u00fcnk\u00fc buras\u0131 Kemurtu\u2019dur, vesaire.<\/p>\n

    Metnin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131l dil bu bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fcne\u015fin sudan y\u00fckselip (Tanr\u0131 Kha-Ra\u2019n\u0131n, Yunan mitolojisinde Kharon, \u00f6l\u00fcleri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hazar Denizi) Sabah Da\u011f\u0131 Bakhau (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bak\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131) \u00fczerinden ufukta yer alan ve aralar\u0131nda bir bo\u015fluk bulunan s\u0131rada\u011flar (Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Dariel Ge\u00e7idi) boyunca ilerleyerek Temu, Ta-Manu Da\u011f\u0131 (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tamen yar\u0131madas\u0131, G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Temenos\u2019u) \u00fczerinden Maatis Pooluna (Yunanlar\u0131n Maeotis G\u00f6l\u00fc, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Azov Denizi) batt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizli Amen topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 ya da Yunanl\u0131lar i\u00e7in Aia \u00dclkesi oldu\u011fu ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n Cyrus Vadisine (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kur) ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in son derece kesin yol tarifleri oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n eski ad\u0131 Aetia ve Nil\u2019in eski ad\u0131 Siris oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Rawlinson, Notes to Herodotous, 2.15) ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ile Colchisliler ayn\u0131 \u0131rktan geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in (Herodot 2.104 ve 3.12), M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n eski ana yurdu b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla buras\u0131yd\u0131 (buna inanmak i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok neden vard\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

    B\u00fcy\u00fck bir netlikle sunulmu\u015f olan\u00a0 izlenmesi gereken yol (asl\u0131nda iki yol vard\u0131r ama ben birincil olan\u0131n\u0131 ele almaktay\u0131m) Akdeniz\u2019den Karadeniz\u2019in bat\u0131 sahiline uzanarak, K\u0131r\u0131m k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 ve Rostow b\u00f6lgesini ge\u00e7ip g\u00f6l ve deniz sistemi boyunca ilerleyerek Hazar Denizinin bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 iner. Buradan Pir-ata \u2013 Ata-ar ya da Sebakhu) \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan Sebartu, Kemartu ve Kau G\u00f6l\u00fcne ve Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. Sonra Kur-Alizon vadisine ve Sakataly\u2019ye iner. Bu yol izlenirken yaln\u0131zca eski yer adlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar en iyi 1885 tarihli Britanya askeri hizmet haritas\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu harita Rusya b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bana bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 veren British war Office<\/em>\u2019e minnetlerimi sunar\u0131m. Olas\u0131l\u0131kla en iyi kopya 1847 tarihli Rus askeri hizmet haritas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkenin Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgalinden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak \u015fu ana kadar bunun bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Strabo ve Plotemy de yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Strabo, Beta kentinin, Plotemy de \u015fu anda Hazar Denizinde Scandrjukjowsk olarak bilinen \u0130skender S\u00fctunlar\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n yerini belirtir. Kerkulijukjowsk bug\u00fcn, klasik atlaslarda Alontas olarak bilinen Ta-lowka\u2019n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, denizden yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 mil i\u00e7eride yer almaktad\u0131r. Shari-Shariket ve Shari-Sapu (bug\u00fcnk adlar\u0131yla Sharidon ve Shari-Suppu) Uluslararas\u0131 haritada\u00a0 38 Kuzey L <\/strong>olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Doruk noktas\u0131na dair bilgilerin bulunmas\u0131 \u015fu nedenle \u00f6nemlidir: Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131 civar\u0131nda Shenacha ve Marazi \u2013G\u00fcne\u015f Da\u011f\u0131 ve Ge\u00e7idi-, <\/strong>Eshagil, Erech, Shirappik, Azar-Akanna, Kassim-kend, Agadi-kend, Kissu, Kurkur ve Apsu \u00fczerinde, ya da Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ucunda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Apsu-Anaki (ve olas\u0131l\u0131kla Enoch ya da Kanach) oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m Konack-kent \u00a0<\/strong>gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc Babil adlar\u0131na rastlar\u0131z. Bu bize Babil ve M\u0131s\u0131r medeniyetlerinin bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc de ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgeyle ilintilidir. Ayr\u0131ca, ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamda Ast-ach-su\u2019ya (Styx) d\u00f6k\u00fclen Kacheten (Cocytus) ve Uroch (Pyriphlegethon) \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lge yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ve Odiseya\u2019n\u0131n Kuban\u2019dan yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftim. Bu konudaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m, beklenenden daha \u00e7abuk bir ilgi ve kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve \u015fu anda \u00f6nc\u00fc bir ke\u015fi grubu g\u00f6nderilmesi \u00f6nerilmektedir. Olanakl\u0131ysa, kaz\u0131lacak yerlerin kesin olarak belirlenmesinin yararlar\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fusunda, bug\u00fcn \u201c\u0130ki Karde\u015f\u201d<\/em> olarak bilinen ve aralar\u0131nda, y\u0131lda bir g\u00fcn, g\u00fcne\u015fin Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fuyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iki ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 ada bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, ilkel bir Stonehenge<\/em> olabilecek garip kayalar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bakhar\u2019\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n doruk noktas\u0131n\u0131 sabitleyen Babilliler\u2019in ilkel g\u00f6zlemevi oldu\u011funa inanmak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli nedenler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    PLATON\u2019NUN S\u00d6ZC\u00dcK B\u0130LMECES\u0130: ATLANT\u0130S<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Platon\u2019nun yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bildi\u011fim hi\u00e7bir bask\u0131s\u0131 Atlantis\u2019e ili\u015fkin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn son derece basit ama ilgi \u00e7ekici ve \u00f6nemli bir \u015fifre bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmez.<\/p>\n

    Verilen adlar\u0131n \u015fifreli oldu\u011funun, bu \u015fifrenin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstatlar\u0131nca \u00a0<\/strong>gayet iyi bilindi\u011finin ve \u015fifrenin \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn adlardan birinin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011funun Platon\u2019ca\u00a0 a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik belirtilmesimesi g\u00f6zlerden nas\u0131l ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Critias<\/em>\u2019\u0131n VII ve VIII. B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmak gerekirse:<\/p>\n

    \u201cBunu anlatmadan \u00f6nce, barbarlara verilen Helen adlar\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011funuzda \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmaman\u0131z i\u00e7in sizi uyarmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u015eiirinde bu \u00f6yk\u00fcden yararlanmak isteyen Solon, adlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc <\/em>konusunda bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131 ve bu ger\u00e7ekleri yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6ken erken d\u00f6nem M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n bu adlar\u0131 kendi dillerine \u00e7evirdiklerini buldu ve her ad\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u00a0 elde ederek bunlar\u0131 kendi dilimizle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131……………….ve kendisinden sonra do\u011fup, miras olarak Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131na do\u011fru uzanan ve nesos\u2019un\u00a0 (topraklar), bug\u00fcn <\/em>o \u00fclkede Gadereica ad\u0131 verilen b\u00f6lge,\u00a0\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc miras alan ikiz karde\u015fine biz Yunanlar\u0131n Emmeleus dedi\u011fi ama o \u00fclke halk\u0131n\u0131n Gaderius olarak bildi\u011fi<\/em> \u00fcnvan\u0131 verdi\u201d.<\/p>\n

    \u201cAdlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u201d \u015fifresi o \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra daha \u00f6nceki ve sonraki \u00e7a\u011flarda bilginlerce kullan\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 bir \u015fifreydi. Bu \u015fifreye g\u00f6re, bir ad\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca orijinal s\u00f6zc\u00fck ile ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 de\u011fil numaraland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan her harfin toplam\u0131n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 rakam\u0131 vermesi gerekiyordu. Berossus\u2019tan bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Eusebi Chronicorum, Liber Piror, Schoene<\/em>, sayfa 14-18.) :<\/p>\n

    \u201cHepsinin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131, ad\u0131 Kildani diline Thalatth ve Yunanca\u2019ya Thalassa olarak \u00e7evrilen ama say\u0131sal dengi Selene<\/em> olan Omorka<\/em> adl\u0131 bir kad\u0131nd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Uluslaras\u0131 say\u0131-harf sistemi, baz\u0131 \u201cy\u00fczler\u201d hanesi harflerine verilen de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00a0<\/strong>de\u011ferler tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu an i\u00e7in\u00a0 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Birler<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
     <\/td>\na<\/td>\nb<\/td>\ng<\/td>\nd<\/td>\ne<\/td>\nF<\/td>\nz<\/td>\ne<\/td>\nth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Onlar<\/td>\ni<\/td>\nk<\/td>\nl<\/td>\nm<\/td>\nn<\/td>\nks<\/td>\no<\/td>\np<\/td>\nkh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u00fczler<\/td>\nr<\/td>\ns<\/td>\nt<\/td>\nu<\/td>\nph<\/td>\nch<\/td>\nps<\/td>\no<\/td>\nsh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    (eski Yunan alfabesindeki alt\u0131nc\u0131 harf F<\/em>\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak v<\/em> ya da w<\/em> al\u0131nabilinir; e<\/em>, eta<\/em>, o<\/em> ise omega<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r)<\/p>\n

    Berossus\u2019un verdi\u011fi \u00f6rne\u011fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Omorka<\/em> 70, 40, 70, 100, 20, 1 say\u0131sal de\u011ferlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 301 eder.\u00a0 Selene<\/em>, 200, 5, 30, 8, 50, 8 say\u0131sal de\u011ferlerini ta\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 da 301 eder. B\u00f6ylece, Selene\u2019nin Omorka\u2019n\u0131n kusursuz \u00e7evirisi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Platon\u2019nun verdi\u011fi ikinci \u00f6rne\u011fe bakarsak \u2013Atlantis\u2019teki adlardan biridir-, Eumeles<\/em>, M\u0131s\u0131r dilindeki Gadeirus<\/em>\u2019un Yunanca \u00e7evirisidir. Unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z ki, \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Solon, Platon\u2019dan bir ka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve daha eski bir Yunanca konu\u015fuyordu. Platon, s\u00f6zc\u00fck yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kendisine aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde vermi\u015f olsa bile, yaz\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla eski moda bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in edit\u00f6rlerince d\u00fczeltilmi\u015fti. Bu nedenle, Yunan gramercilerin bilimsel yaz\u0131m y\u00f6ntemini Solon\u2019un zaman\u0131ndaki eski yaz\u0131m y\u00f6ntemine \u00e7evirmeliyiz. \u015eifrenin kural\u0131na g\u00f6re, Gadeirus ve Eumeles ayn\u0131 anlama gelmelidir. Gaderius M\u0131s\u0131r dilinde bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca \u201cmutlu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen\u00a0 Gad k\u00f6k\u00fc ile ilintilendirilebilir. Bu nedenle, Eumeles \u201cmutlu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmelidir ve Liddell ile Scott\u2019un Yunanca s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Eumeles s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve felsefeci Platon\u2019nun zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan \u015fair Platon taraf\u0131ndan \u201cuyumlu\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. B\u00f6ylece, ilk ko\u015ful yerine gelmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci ko\u015ful i\u00e7in, elimizde, Platon\u2019nun, ad\u0131n Gadeirica \u00fclkesine ait bir \u00fcnvan oldu\u011fu yolundaki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r ve Liddell ile Scott\u2019un s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yeniden bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Gadeirica<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n sakinleri i\u00e7in uygun Yunanca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Gadeireus<\/em> oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniriz. <\/p>\n

    Gadeireus<\/em> 3, 1, 4, 5, 10, 100, 5, 400, 200 de\u011ferlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 728 eder.<\/p>\n

    Eumeles<\/em> 5, 400, 40, 5, 30, 8, 200 de\u011ferlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 688 eder.<\/p>\n

    Say\u0131lar uyumlu de\u011fildir. Ama, Yunanca s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcze bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u201ceu\u201d ve \u201cmelia\u201d k\u00f6klerinden gelen ve gerek vezin tutturmak gerekse kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla M<\/em> harfinin s\u0131k\u00e7a iki kez tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u201ceummelies\u201d ve \u201cemmeles\u201d gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fckler de bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Ayr\u0131ca, Eumeles\u2019in as\u0131l olarak iki m<\/em> ile yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlardan bir tanesinin sonradan gramerciler \u00a0<\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren ba\u015fka izlere rastlar\u0131z. B\u00f6ylece asl\u0131nda elimizde Eummeles<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r ki, 5, 400, 40, 40, 5, 30, 8, 200 ile toplam 728 eder. Bu, Gadeireus<\/em>\u2019un de\u011feriyle ayn\u0131d\u0131r ve ikinci ko\u015ful yerine gelmi\u015ftir; Platon bunu \u00f6rnek olarak verdi\u011fine g\u00f6re zaten \u00f6yle de olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Art\u0131k, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcvenle, \u015fifrenin kalan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zmeye ba\u015flayabiliriz. Gadeireus\u2019un annesi Klito\u2019nun ad\u0131n\u0131 alal\u0131m. S\u00f6zc\u00fck, \u201cson\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir (Yunanca Klitos) Hangi M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201cson\u201d anlamm\u0131na gelmektedir? \u201cIr\u0131s ve Osiris<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 eserinin 38. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Plutarch, \u201cbu nedenle Nephthys\u2019e \u201cson demekte ve onun Typhon\u2019un kar\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemektedirler\u201d der.<\/p>\n

    Klito\u2019nun say\u0131sal de\u011feri 20, 30, 10, 300,800\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 1160 eder. <\/p>\n

    Naphthys<\/em>\u2019in say\u0131sal de\u011feri 50,1,500,9,400, 200\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 1160 eder.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6yleyse, \u015fifrenin do\u011fru \u00e7evirisi budur.<\/p>\n

    Klito Poseidon, eski Yunanca\u2019da Poteidaon, ile evlendi. Poseidon\u2019un M\u0131s\u0131r dilindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Typhon\u2019dur. <\/p>\n

    Poteidaon<\/em>\u2019un say\u0131sal de\u011feri 80,70,300,5,10,4,1,800,50\u2019dir ve toplam 1320 eder.<\/p>\n

    Typhon<\/em>\u2019un say\u0131sal de\u011feri 300,400,500,70,50\u2019dir ve toplam 1320 eder ve Plutarch\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi Nephthys, Typhon ile evlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Atlas, Harmakhis\u2019tir (S\u00fctunlar).<\/p>\n

    Atlas<\/em>\u2019\u0131n say\u0131sal de\u011feri 1,300,30,1,200\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 532 eder.<\/p>\n

    Harmakhis<\/em>\u2019in say\u0131sal de\u011feri 90,1,100,40,1,90,10,200\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 532 eder.<\/p>\n

    \u015eimdi \u00f6yk\u00fcm\u00fcze devam edelim. Di\u011fer adlar\u0131 da \u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde ilgin\u00e7 \u015feyler bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Atlantis kenti, Dariel Ge\u00e7idinin kuzeyindei Pjatigorsk yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki kapl\u0131calar kentiydi. Platon\u2019nun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi bal\u00e7\u0131k araziler bug\u00fcn kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f haldedir. Eski haritalarda, Gadira\u2019y\u0131 Atlantis\u2019in g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    1 Aral\u0131k 1927.
    \n<\/p>\n

    SOLON VE PLATON\u2019NUN S\u00d6Z ETT\u0130\u011e\u0130 TUFAN \u00d6NCES\u0130 D\u00d6NEMDEN MISIRLI ON KRAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n ilk bask\u0131s\u0131nda Atlantis\u2019ten s\u00f6z edilmiyordu. Yinelenen ke\u015fif gezilerinin ard\u0131ndan \u015fu bulgular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: Fenikeliler, Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <\/em>s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti; ger\u00e7ek s\u00fctunlar, Azov Denizinin \u2013Az-ubbu Bat\u0131 Su Kap\u0131s\u0131, ya da Liman\u0131- giri\u015findeki Boaz Kemmenu\u2019nu ya da Chaminim\u2019inde yer al\u0131yordu. Jeologlar\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi Orta Asya Akdenizi<\/em>, eskiden At-alan-tschack ya da Alan Topraklar\u0131 Denizi olarak biliniyordu; Karadeniz (Ach-Sini) ile At-alan-tschack (\u015fimdi haritalarda Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6lleri olarak g\u00f6sterilen Olont-Chuduck ve Cerber-Jakin) aras\u0131nda, su yoluyla ula\u015f\u0131m vard\u0131; ve \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcneyde, Pyatogorsk yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda, yol daha sonra heyelanla kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kuzey Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki g\u00f6reneklerin, dinsel t\u00f6ren ve ayinlerin, topraklar\u0131n boyut ve konfig\u00fcrasyonunun \u00f6zde\u015fli\u011fi; Strabo ile di\u011ferlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi Diodorus Siculus\u2019da da buran\u0131n Amazonlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesi; \u0130skit \u00dclkesi ile Trakya\u2019dan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 toprak i\u015fgalleri v.b. fakt\u00f6rlerin hepsi konuyla ilgili sonu\u00e7lar verdi. Ancak, bu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dahil edilmesinin ortaya serilen di\u011fer sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kabul\u00fcnde bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131ya yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi hissedildi.<\/p>\n

    Tufan \u00f6ncesi 10 kral yada kabilenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen\u00a0\u00a0 Platon, Berossus\u2019dan y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce yazm\u0131\u015f ve Solon, Jah ve Rahipler listesini derleyen Ezra\u2019dan\u00a0 y\u00fcz elli y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve Babil \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda verilen bilgiler yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fe\u00a0 kadar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa da Platon\u2019nun verdi\u011fi listeyi, Critias\u2019\u0131n VII. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi y\u00f6ntem ile \u00e7evirmek uygun olacakt\u0131r. Dizge \u015fu anda ne denli gereksiz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrse g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u00fcn, tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fczy\u0131llarca kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r Berossus\u2019ta, Omorka, Thalatta ve Selene\u2019nin denklikleri\u00a0 \u00f6rnek olarak verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Platon\u2019dan bir ya da iki \u00f6rnek vermek yeterli olacakt\u0131r. Critis\u2019\u0131n VII. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Platon, Gadeireus<\/em>\u2019un, Eumeles<\/em> ile ayn\u0131 anlam ve say\u0131sal de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle belirtir. Gadeireus<\/em>\u2019un tek bir yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Liddell ve Scott), yani elimizdeki de\u011ferler 3, 1, 4, 5, 10, 100, 5, 400, 200 olmak \u00fczere toplam 728 eder. Eumeles<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ikinci e<\/em> harfinin uzunlu\u011fu konusunda ku\u015fkular olabilir ama Sami dilinden gelen G<\/em>\u2019d k\u00f6k\u00fc \u201ctalihli\u201d ve \u201cg\u00e7l\u201d olmak \u00fczere iki anlama gelmektedir ve k\u0131sa e<\/em> ile yaz\u0131lan Eumeles<\/em> kesinlikle ayn\u0131 anlamlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. B\u00f6ylece elimizdeki de\u011ferler 5, 400, 40, 5, 30, 8, 200 olmak \u00fczere 688 toplam\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. Bu toplam 40 say\u0131 eksiktir. Ama k\u0131sa sesli ile iki m<\/em>\u2019nin kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 beklenir ve Liddell ile Scott\u2019\u0131n Yunanca S\u00f6zl\u00fck<\/em>\u2019leri eumellies<\/em>\u2019in Homeros\u2019dan al\u0131nma bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck oldu\u011funu ve \u201ck\u00fcl olmu\u015f\u201da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini belirtmektedir. Bu ve di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve adlar\u0131n birbirine denk oldu\u011fundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, ikinci M<\/em>\u2019i eklemeye hak kazan\u0131r\u0131z, b\u00f6ylece s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn say\u0131sal de\u011ferine 40 eklenmi\u015f olur ve 728 toplam\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Bu arada, bu ve di\u011fer s\u00f6zc\u00fckler orijinal yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n Platon de\u011fil Solon zaman\u0131ndan gelmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir ve \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn de Solon\u2019un zaman\u0131na uzanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci olarak Klito<\/em>\u2019yu ele alal\u0131m. Klito<\/em>, \u201cson\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir, Nephthys<\/em> de \u00f6yle, (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Budge, \u201c \u201d, sayfa 243). Klito<\/em>\u2019nun say\u0131sal de\u011feri 20, 30, 10, 300, 800\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 1160 eder. Nephthys<\/em>\u2019in say\u0131sal de\u011feri\u00a0 50, 1, 500, 9, 400, 200\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 1164 eder. Ama \u201czeytin a\u011fac\u0131nda oturan Osiris\u201din k\u0131zkarde\u015finin ad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Naphthys<\/em> oldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bu da ad\u0131n say\u0131sal de\u011ferini 1160\u2019e denkle\u015ftirir. Ad\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc Herodot\u2019taki Aphetai s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u00a0 (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Herodot<\/em>, 7:183) ve ayr\u0131ca Japhetus, Neptune, Aptu, Apaturia s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Burada k\u00f6k \u201cF-aet\u201dtir.\u00a0 Eski s\u00f6zc\u00fck yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu ve di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rne\u011fi Urmia G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresindeki dillerin incelenmesiyle anla\u015f\u0131labilir, s\u00f6zgelimi\u00a0 iyelik durumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201co\u011flu\u201d, \u00e7ok\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131nda \u201ctanr\u0131s\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n

    Klito\u2019nun kocas\u0131 \u201cD\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsan\u201d Poseidon<\/em>, elbette ki Nephthys<\/em>\u2019in kocas\u0131 Sutekh<\/em>\u2019tir. Poseidon<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn say\u0131sal de\u011feri herhangi bir M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile uygunluk g\u00f6stermez ama Liddell ve Scott\u2019taki eski yaz\u0131l\u0131ma, Poteidaon<\/em>, bakarsak, bunun 1320 de\u011ferini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Sutukh<\/em> ile uygunluk g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini buluruz. Bu konudaki otorite Sydyk<\/em>\u2019t\u0131r. Atlas<\/em>, 532 ile Harmakis<\/em>\u2019e denktir ama ikincisinin ilk H<\/em> harfi g\u0131rtlaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan H<\/em> sesine denk d\u00fc\u015fen KH<\/em> olarak al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda da otorite s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmeyiz. Di\u011fer adlar i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 durum ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu arada, Leucippe\u2019nin mutlak bi\u00e7imde \u201cbeyaz at\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fi, \u201cLeuke\u201dnin \u201ckurt\u201d anlam\u0131na gelebilece\u011fi ve \u201chippo\u201d bile\u015fik s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131kl\u0131kla, hatta daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem adlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda neredeyse daima, Fenikelilerin \u201csu kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d ya da \u201climan\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin Yunancala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hali oldu\u011fu belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Platon\u2019nun \u00e7evirdi\u011fi Tufan \u00f6ncesi on kral\u0131n adlar\u0131, Berossus ve Langdon\u2019un listesiyle, daha sonraki d\u00f6neme ait Jah ve Rahipler listelerinden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uyum i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131, listenin kendi zaman\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lara ait oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki Platon\u2019nun s\u00f6zlerini do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu uyumun, \u00f6zellikle M\u0131s\u0131r dilindeki adlar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlemeleri \u00fczerine yazardan daha fazla bilgi sahibi olan di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmesi tavsiye edilir. Bu not, s\u00f6z konusu uzmanlar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Babil dilleri hakk\u0131nda da bilgisi bulunanlar\u0131n konuya ilgi g\u00f6sterece\u011fi umuduyla yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Aral (Kithay) ve Balka\u015f denizleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131, son zamanlarda jeologlar aras\u0131nda ku\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Ancak bunlar\u0131n, aralar\u0131ndaki onlar\u0131 nerdeyse birbirinden ay\u0131ran \u2013ama tam de\u011fil-\u00a0 uzun Kara-tau yar\u0131madas\u0131yla\u00a0 Kuzey ve Balt\u0131k Denizlerine benzediklerine ili\u015fkin kan\u0131tlar daha sonra sunulacakt\u0131r. Bu noktada,\u00a0 Balka\u015f\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda bulunan ve \u201cEkure Chalcha\u201ddan (E-kur Chalacha, Hole Kabilesinin\u00a0 B\u00fcy\u00fck Evi, ya da Kalesi, ya da Kabile Ba\u015fkenti) binlerce y\u0131l daha eskiye dayanan adlara ve Balka\u015f\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7erilerine do\u011fru uzanan b\u00f6lge adlar\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    MASONLAR \u0130LE MISIRLILARIN \u201cM-S-N\u201d\u0130 ARASINDAK\u0130 KES\u0130N \u00d6ZDE\u015eL\u0130K<\/strong> (Bu makale ilk olarak Mason Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Tutanaklar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>)<\/p>\n

    Giri\u015f
    \n<\/strong>
    \nSami<\/em>\u00a0 <\/strong> dillerde sessiz harflerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r ve eski Sami\u00a0 <\/strong>dillerindeki sessiz harflerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir do\u011fruluk pay\u0131 ile bilindi\u011fine inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, sesli harflerin de\u011ferlerinin belirlenmesi, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle K\u0131pti<\/em> dili \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya bor\u00e7lu olan, son derece yeni bir olgudur. Bu nedenle, M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fczerine yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kitapta, Ari<\/em> ad\u0131na rastlay\u0131p da iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ba\u015fka kitapta ayn\u0131 ad\u0131n, yani ayn\u0131 hiyerogliflerin, Ir<\/em> bi\u00e7iminde yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde aradaki 18 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, ikincisinin daha olas\u0131 bir bi\u00e7em oldu\u011funun ke\u015ffedildi\u011fini anlar\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    Herhangi bir ki\u015fisel \u00f6nyarg\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in, bu makalede, Gardiner\u2019in M\u0131s\u0131r dili \u00fczerine en yeni ve s\u00f6z sahibi eser kabul edilen kitab\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r Grameri<\/em>\u2019nde verdi\u011fi kurallar\u0131 izledim ve ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m hiyeroglifleri s\u00f6z konusu kitapta Gardiner\u2019in verdi\u011fi say\u0131lar ve \u00e7evirileri yine Gardiner\u2019in verdi\u011fi sayfa numaralar\u0131 ile birlikte birlikte sundum.<\/p>\n

    Veriler<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Mason cemiyetinin k\u00f6keninin, Heru-Behuti\u2019nin m\u00fcridi olan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 M-s-n<\/em>\u2019lere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen bir savd\u0131r. Ancak, \u015fu ana dek, buna dair herhangi bir kan\u0131t sunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

    M-s-n <\/em>s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Budge \u201cdemirci\u201d (M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Tanr\u0131lar\u0131, <\/em>cilt I, sayfa 485) Gardiner ise \u201chipopotam avc\u0131s\u0131\u201d (bak\u0131n\u0131z: sayfa 544) ya da \u201cdokumac\u0131 (bak\u0131n\u0131z: sayfa 510) olarak \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131r dilinde bir k\u00f6k olan m-s<\/em> ayr\u0131ca \u201cgetirmek\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in, <\/p>\n

    M-s-n<\/em>\u2019ler ile Masonlar aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in, ad benzerli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir kan\u0131t yoktur. Eldeki kan\u0131t herhangi bir\u015feyi belirtebilece\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu ba\u011flamda, Kral\u0131n habercileri de onlar\u0131 prototip olarak alabilir.<\/p>\n

    Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131nda <\/em>\u00a0(papir\u00fcs Nebseni) M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 bir Tanr\u0131n\u0131n hiyerogliflerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ad\u0131 ge\u00e7er. Gardiner\u2019in numaral\u0131 listesiyle vermek gerekirse:<\/p>\n

    <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Hiyeroglif<\/em><\/td>\n Okunu\u015fu<\/em><\/td>\n \u00c7evirisi\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n Gardiner\u2019in sayfa no<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0D 4,\u00a0G\u00f6z<\/td>\n\u00a0Ir<\/td>\n\u00a0Her \u015feyi yapan<\/td>\n443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0G 17,\u00a0Bayku\u015f<\/td>\n\u00a0em<\/td>\n\u00a0g\u00f6re<\/td>\n542<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0F 34, Kalp<\/td>\n\u00a0ab<\/td>\n\u00a0arzusuna<\/td>\n534<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0I\u00a0 9, Engerek<\/td>\n\u00a0f<\/td>\n\u00a0kendi<\/td>\n542<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    ya da Ir-em-ab-f,<\/strong> \u201cHer \u015feyi arzusuna g\u00f6re yapan\u201d: Mucit bir tanr\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131 <\/em>adl\u0131 eserden onun hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey daha \u00f6\u011freniriz. 125. b\u00f6l\u00fcmden onun, \u201cOlumsuz \u0130tiraf\u201d\u0131 alan 42 yarg\u0131\u00e7tan biri, otuzalt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniriz. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, o,\u00a0 bir tanr\u0131, ya da olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u015f\u00f6hretli mimar ve sa\u011falt\u0131c\u0131 I-em-hotep<\/em> gibi tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ki\u015fiydi. (Budge, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Tanr\u0131lar\u0131, <\/em>cilt I, sayfa 522)<\/p>\n

    125. b\u00f6l\u00fcmden onun \u201cTebti \u015fehrinden geldi\u011fini\u201d ve 110. b\u00f6l\u00fcmden mavi g\u00f6zleri oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniriz.<\/p>\n

    Bilindi\u011fi gibi, M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birden \u00e7ok ad\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n 142. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Osiris\u2019e verilen adlar\u0131n listesine bak\u0131n. Osiris i\u00e7in orada,
    \n(B\u00f6l\u00fcm 5) kullan\u0131lan adlardan biri An-mut-f-abur<\/em>\u2019dur ve bu \u015fu anda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z adla ayn\u0131 tiptedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu tanr\u0131 ya da tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f varl\u0131k i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f adlardan di\u011ferlerini bulabilir miyiz? Hangi mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc mucit tanr\u0131n\u0131n Tebti kentinde tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r?<\/p>\n

    Tebti<\/em>, Herodot\u2019un Tanis<\/em>\u2019i, \u0130branilerin Zoan<\/em>\u2019\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cam ve \u00f6mlek \u00fcretim merkeziydi ve g\u00f6rkemli bir tersaneye sahipti. Numbers <\/em>cilt III, 22. buran\u0131n \u0130brahim\u2019in zaman\u0131ndan daha eski oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. (Smith, Klasik Co\u011frafya S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>, altba\u015fl\u0131k Tanis). Bu nedenle mucit bir tanr\u0131dan s\u00f6z edilmesi do\u011fald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Budge\u2019\u0131n \u00a0M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 <\/em>adl\u0131 eseri i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paha bi\u00e7ilmez indeksi a\u00e7arsak, Tanis\u2019te tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 bulunan tanr\u0131 olarak bir tek Horus Behutet\u2019in verildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

    Smith\u2019in Klasik Co\u011frafya S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>\u2019nde, Tanis\u2019teki tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n Tanr\u0131 Ptah\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu belirtilir. Ptah<\/em> da mucit bir tanr\u0131yd\u0131 ve Heru<\/em> ya da s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan bi\u00e7imiyle Horus Behutet<\/em> ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da ona tap\u0131nma gelene\u011fi Horus<\/em>\u2019a tap\u0131nma gelene\u011finin yerini alm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Her ko\u015fulda, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Tanis\u2019te tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 bulunan mucit tanr\u0131 Horus\u2019tu ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>, Ptah<\/em>\u2019\u0131n Mempis\u2019<\/strong>teki tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. <\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131\u2019<\/em>nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en tek mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc tanr\u0131n\u0131n Horus<\/em> oldu\u011funu bulup (\u201cSize mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc Horus geldi\u201d, b\u00f6l\u00fcm 177, sat\u0131r 7), ve \u00f6zellikle, Horus<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fclerin 42 yarg\u0131c\u0131 listesinde, 125. b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u0130remabf <\/em>ile birlikte yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kimlik belirleme i\u015flemi t\u00fcmden tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olur.\u00a0 Bu bulgu, An-mut-fab-ur\u2019<\/em>un Osiris\u2019in di\u011fer bir ad\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi, (b\u00f6l\u00fcm 142) Iremabf<\/em>\u2019\u0131n da Horus<\/em> i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir ad oldu\u011fu sonucunu destekler. <\/p>\n

    Iremabf<\/em>\u2019\u0131 Horus Behutet<\/em> ile bu bi\u00e7imde \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdikten sonra, Heru-Behutet ya da Iremabf\u2019\u0131n Mesen\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 son derece ilgimizi \u00e7ekecek bir konudur.<\/p>\n

    Budge, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Tanr\u0131lar\u0131, <\/em>(cilt I, sayfa 476) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda bunlara geni\u015f yer ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in burada t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 vermeme gerek yok ve elinizdeki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yeterli uzunlukta oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

    M-s-n<\/em> ya da eksik sesli harfleri kabul edilmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemle tamamlarsak Mesen<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anlam\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Fenike dilleri ile di\u011fer Sami\u00a0 <\/strong>dillerdeki k\u00f6kler ve s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir incelemeden sonra, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn herhangi bir mesle\u011fe de\u011fil bir alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi konuma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi\u00a0 s\u00f6ylenebilir. <\/p>\n

    M-s<\/em> k\u00f6k\u00fc \u00fcretmek, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir (Gardiner, sayfa 544 ve di\u011ferleri). \u201cunsur<\/em>\u201d <\/strong>s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iyi bir \u00e7eviri olurdu, eski topluluklar\u0131n unsurlar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ya da ustaba\u015f\u0131 olsayd\u0131 tabii. Olas\u0131l\u0131kla b\u00f6yleydiler. Her ko\u015fulda, Mesen<\/em>, yap\u0131lan i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131na bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n, usta bir zanaatkar anlam\u0131na gelir. Edfu\u2019da hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz demirciydiler, ama ba\u015fka \u015fehirlerde duvarc\u0131l\u0131k (masonluk) ya da ba\u015fka zanaatlarla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f olabilirler.<\/p>\n

    Hiyeroglif yaz\u0131da, hiyeroglif \u015feyin kendisini temsil ediyordu. Bu nedenle \u201cher\u015feyi yapan tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Masonlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir simge olan g\u00f6z (Gardiner, D, 4) ile ifade edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Ayr\u0131ca, M-s-n<\/em>\u2019in i\u00e7i\u00e7ndeki M-s<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7 tilkinin derisinden yap\u0131lan bir i\u015f \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir (Gardiner, F,31). Bunlar t\u00fcm\u00fcyle rastlant\u0131 olabilir ama aralar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 olmas\u0131 daha olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n


    \nSonu\u00e7<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Iremabf <\/em>s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, kendi Mason tarikat\u0131m\u0131z ile Eski M\u0131s\u0131rdaki usta zanaatkarlar\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu Mesen<\/em> tarikat\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlar\u0131 var g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. <\/p>\n

    Ekler
    \n<\/strong>
    \nSur \u015eehri Kral\u0131 ile olan ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 belirli \u015feyleri a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in uydurulmu\u015f bir \u00f6yk\u00fc say\u0131p reddetmek do\u011fal olabilir. Mesen<\/em>\u2019lerin hanedan \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde, K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz\u2019den gelen ve \u00f6l\u00fc ge\u00e7ip Thebes <\/strong>yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Nil Nehrine varan\u00a0 i\u015fgalciler oldu\u011fu (Budge, Gods of Egypt, <\/em>cilt I, sayfa 485) kuram\u0131 geli\u015fene dek ben de \u00f6yle hissediyordum.<\/p>\n

    Dokuz y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Fenikelilerin bu yoldan geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdim (Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/em> bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fckenmi\u015ftir ama British Museum, Atheneum ve di\u011fer k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde bulunabilir). Fenikelilerin kendi ana yurtlar\u0131 olan Stagnum Assyrum\u2019<\/strong>da bir Sur \u015fehri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Iremabf bu as\u0131l Sur\u2019un kral\u0131 olabilir ama elimizde buna dair kan\u0131t bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci Chronicles\u2019daki (ii.13) \u00e7o\u011funlukla Hir-am-bi olarak yaz\u0131lan Hur-am-bi ad\u0131, Fenike dilindeki adlar\u0131n iyi bilinen bir grubuna girmektedir. Abi-baal ile Huram\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 olan Abi-is\u2019i\u00a0 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z. (Rosenberg, Phoenician Dictionary<\/em>, sayfa 70 ve Century Bible<\/em>, <\/strong>Chronicles, <\/em>sayfa 184). \u201cHurom benim babam\u201d, yani vasim ya da koruyucum. Ama \u201cabi\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Horus Behutet\u2019in dul annesinin ad\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msatan bir ipucu olabilir \u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcrden kullan\u0131mlara eski dinsel t\u00f6renlerde olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ocak, 1932.<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a><\/strong> Eski Kabartay-Balkar \u00d6zerk Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde kuzey ve kuzey bat\u0131da yer alan Kabartay Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 boydan boya ge\u00e7erek Hazar Denizine d\u00f6k\u00fclen \u0131rmak. Terek Irma\u011f\u0131 \u00c7erek, \u00c7egem, Baksan ve Malka \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    [2]\u00a0<\/strong> Yunanca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r tarihi ile tan\u0131nan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 rahip. I.Patolemaios i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihin ancak baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar Josephos\u2019un Pros Apiona <\/em>adl\u0131 incelemesindeki an-lat\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 ile s\u00fclaleler, Firavunlar ve saltanat d\u00f6nemlerine ait \u00e7izelgelerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan bu par\u00e7alar Manethon\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam yerel kaynaklara dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0 Romal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i (330-395).<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/strong> Flavios \u0130osephos,<\/em> Latince Flavius Josephus<\/em>, \u0130branice Mattitiyahu Ben Yasef\u00a0 Hakohen, Yasef ben Mattias<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 adlar\u0131yla bilinen Yahudi din adam\u0131, bilgin, tarih\u00e7i ve asker. (do\u011fumu 37\/38 Kud\u00fcs \u2013 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 100 Roma). En \u00f6nemli yap\u0131t\u0131 93 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 ciltlik \u0130oudaike Aarkhaiologia\u2019da <\/em>\u00a0(Yahudilerin Tarihi) yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015fdan ba\u015flayarak\u00a0 66-70 aras\u0131ndaki ayaklanman\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesine\u00a0 de\u011fin Yahudi tarihini anlat\u0131r. Yap\u0131t\u0131n Latince ad\u0131 Antiquitates Judaicae<\/em>\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> <\/strong>Pentateukhos , (Yunanca\u2019da be\u015f kitap), Tevrat\u0131\u2019n Hz.Musa\u2019ya vahyedildi\u011fine inan\u0131lan Tekvin, \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, Llevililer, Ssay\u0131lar ve Tesniyet ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ilk be\u015f kitapdan olu\u015fan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> <\/strong>Alta-hasis\u00a0 \u00e7ok bilge\u201d \u0130nsanl\u0131k durumunu ele alan bir Mezopotamya mitinin kahraman\u0131. Tanr\u0131lar kendilerine besin sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem k\u0131tl\u0131k, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k ve tufan gibi afetlerle yok ederler. Alta-hasis her seferinde tanr\u0131 Enki taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a><\/strong> Sarmatya\u00a0 26-27 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce olu\u015fan kaya katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc. Pontiyen kat\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve Tortoniyen kat\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer alan Sarmatiyen kat ad\u0131n\u0131 eski Sarmat kabilelerinin \u00fclkesi olan Sarmatia\u2019dan al\u0131r (bug\u00fcn Rusya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde). Bu d\u00f6nemde pek \u00e7ok alan okyanusun alt\u0131ndan yava\u015f yava\u015f y\u00fckselerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kan kara par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki birbirinden kopuk i\u00e7 denizler ve buralara akan \u0131rmaklar vard\u0131. (\u00e7.n.)<\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a><\/strong> Pheathon (\u201cParlayan\u201d \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7an\u201d) Yunan mitolojisinde G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Helios\u2019un Kleymene ad\u0131nda bir kad\u0131n ya da nypha<\/em>\u2019dan do\u011fma o\u011flu. Babas\u0131 belli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisiyle alay edilince annesinden babas\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi Helios\u2019 gider. Bunu do\u011frulayan Helios z\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in istedi\u011fi her \u015feyi verebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve g\u00fcne\u015fin arabas\u0131 ile bir g\u00fcn boyunca g\u00f6klerde dola\u015fmas\u0131na izin verir. Ama Pheton araban\u0131n atlar\u0131n\u0131 dizginleyemez ve araba d\u00fcnyaya fazla yakla\u015farak onu savunmaya ba\u015flar. Bunun \u00fczerinhe Zeus bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6ndererek Pheton\u2019u d\u00fcnyaya Eridanos \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a><\/strong> Bitumen Yollar\u0131n kaplanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan (katran, asfalt) gibi bir madde.<\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a><\/strong> pylon \u2013 Bir\u00a0 k\u00f6pr\u00fc ya da caddenin ba\u015f taraflar\u0131na in\u015fa olmu\u015f d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f ayak bi\u00e7iminde s\u00fcs b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> <\/strong>Berossus, Berossos ya da\u00a0 Bel-Asur bi\u00e7iminde de yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Babil uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin bilgileri Eski Yunanl\u0131lara aktaran Kaldeli Bel rahibi. Babil uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda \u00e7 ciltlik Yunanca bir yap\u0131t yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asur K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0 tarih ve kronolojisini kapsayan ikinci ve \u00fcnc\u00fc ciltler \u201cTufandan \u00f6nceki on kral\u201d la ba\u015flar. Daha sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla tufan olay\u0131n\u0131, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden kurulu\u015funu, \u201ctufandan sonra\u201d gelen krallar\u0131 vb. anlat\u0131r. Akad dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7iviyaz\u0131s\u0131 metinler Berossus \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00fcde do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    M\u0130TLER\u0130N ANAYURDU OLARAK TANIMLANAN TOPRAKLARIN ASLINDA KAFKAS KISTA\u011eI OLDU\u011eU NASIL KE\u015eFED\u0130LD\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    (Bu makale ilk olarak 8 Mart 1926 tarihinde Christian Science Monitor dergisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

    <\/em>Yunanlar\u0131n, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n, Fenikelilerin, Samilerin, <\/strong>Babillilerin, Asurlular\u0131n ve \u00c7inlilerin mitlerinin anayurdu oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan topraklar\u0131n asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgede, yani Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda, oldu\u011funun ke\u015ffi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilere dayan\u0131r:
    \na.<\/strong> Mitler co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, Sicilya ve Atlantik Okyanusu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki\u00a0 ku\u015fku uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fun incelenmesi.
    \nb.<\/strong> Eski mit yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Atlantik Okyanusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haberdar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Fenikelilerin Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt deniz seferi d\u00fczenledikleri ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek Herk\u00fcl S\u00fct\u00fcnlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rapor ettikleri ger\u00e7eklerinden hareket.
    \nc.<\/strong> Co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n eski Orta-Asya Akdenizi olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kafkaslardan Mo\u011folistan\u2019a kadar uzanan, ancak belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri\u00a0 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tamamen kuruyan su k\u00fctlesinin (Hazar, Aral ve Balka\u015f Denizleri. \u0130.S.250 tarihine kadar mallar Konstantinapolis\u2019ten, Kiber Ge\u00e7idi vadisi Chitral\u2019a uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100 mili a\u015fmayan Faysabad\u2019a deniz yolu ile do\u011frudan nakledilebiliyordu) asl\u0131nda Atlantik Okyanusu oldu\u011funun ya da Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131ndaki uzak do\u011fu kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in Stielers Atlas<\/em>\u2019daki, 1905, ad\u0131yla \u201cDschalanaschtsch Denizi<\/em>\u201dnin ke\u015ffi. Ve Karadeniz ile iki ge\u00e7it -yani \u015fu anda Sovyet H\u00fck\u00fcmetince yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmakta olan Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6lleri rotas\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn kapal\u0131 bulunan bir g\u00fcney rotas\u0131-\u00a0 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla su yolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun saptanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Dahas\u0131, Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131, Kemennu<\/em>, <\/strong>bu iki su yolunun ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin giri\u015findeydi. Bunlar Bo-Az S\u00fctunlar\u0131d\u0131r; Jakin ya da Aberiar S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n yeri daha sonra belirlenmi\u015ftir.
    \nd.<\/strong> Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Kafkaslar\u0131 i\u015fgalinden \u00f6nce b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeyi ajanlar\u0131na gizlice incelettirdi\u011fi ve 1848 tarihinde, eski yer adlar\u0131n\u0131 son derece ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde sunan geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir harita bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi. Bunun bir kopyas\u0131, Britanya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n inceli\u011fi sayesinde elime ge\u00e7ti. Bu haritada, mitlerde ge\u00e7en eski adlar\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r; M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Het Seker tepeleri, Neb-er-tscha\u015f Kap\u0131s\u0131, Nephthys, Bak\u00fc, Ta-manu vs; Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Cronus\u2019u, Japhetus\u2019u, Elysion\u2019u, Tartarus\u2019u, Gadiri\u2019si vs; Fenikelilerin Kemmenu\u2019su, Gori\u2019si vs; Babillilerin ve Asurlular\u0131n Erech\u2019i, Aralu\u2019su, Arakanna\u2019s\u0131, Maru\u2019su, Karassachal\u2019\u0131 vs; Samilerin Uri\u2019si, Metsara\u2019s\u0131, Adshinour\u2019u, Chaldan\u2019\u0131 vs. Neredeyse t\u00fcm \u00f6rneklerde, adlar hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011framam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
    \ne.<\/strong> \u0130ncelenen \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131nlarda bulunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan t\u00fcm g\u00f6ndermelerin toplanmas\u0131 ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131. \u015eu anda bunlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 200 bini a\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve b\u00f6lgenin co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n, bir ka\u00e7 \u00f6\u011fenin tam s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara gerek duyulsa da, olduk\u00e7a iyi bir bi\u00e7imde doldurulmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6neriler
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>Yazar s\u00f6z konusu dilleri, kimi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ba\u011flamlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, en arzulanabilir \u015fey bu dillerin uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n,\u00a0 t\u00fcm mit g\u00f6ndermelerini toplan\u0131p listelerinin yap\u0131l\u0131p ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in ula\u015f\u0131labilir k\u0131l\u0131nacaklar\u0131 bir merkeze yollamalar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Akla B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019daki The Royal Geographical Society<\/em> gelmektedir. Bu \u00f6neriyi kabul ettikleri takdirde kendilerine en az 500 bin Dolar tutar\u0131nda bir fon verilmelidir. The Royal Geographical Society<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nerilmemin nedeni, ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu\u011fum kurumlar aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k farkla en etkin, dikkatli, \u00f6zenli ve ilgili kurum olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bu i\u015fe yetkin di\u011fer kurumlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu arada, herhangi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 benim kendi veri koleksiyonumdan yaln\u0131zca kendi ad\u0131na doldurulmu\u015f bir posta kart\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek ve sorular\u0131n\u0131 numaraland\u0131rarak yararlanabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin:
    \n1.<\/strong> Symplegades\u2019i Feni Kale\u2019de \u0130phigenia tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve mavi olarak tan\u0131mlayan referans hangisidir?
    \n2.<\/strong> Toros\u2019u Ros kabilesinin da\u011f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlayan referans hangisidir?<\/p>\n

    Bunlara yan\u0131t olarak posta kart\u0131nda \u015fu bilgiler bulunacakt\u0131r:
    \n1.<\/strong> Euripides, \u0130phigenia in Tauris<\/em> 242, 262 ve 420. sat\u0131rlar (ve di\u011ferleri);
    \n2.<\/strong> Bochart p. Josephus Ben Gorion, p. Abercromby, Trip Thourgh Eastern Caucasus<\/em> (Do\u011fu Kafkasya\u2019da Yolculuk), sayfa 28.<\/p>\n

    Salt meraktan sorulan sorular\u0131n yan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r, yaln\u0131zca bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Proto-Kafkas Dilinin K\u00f6kleri<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Olas\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in, dilin k\u00f6kleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin Clay\u2019in Amuraic ki\u015fi adlar\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00f6nce yer adlar\u0131 incelenerek yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve sonra bilinen dillerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yoluyla do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f ve geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. Bu dilin biti\u015fken ve bir dereceye dek yans\u0131mal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve g\u00f6rece az say\u0131da sesten olu\u015ftu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur:
    \n1.<\/strong> K\u0131sa \u00fcnl\u00fc, t\u00fcm di\u011fer k\u0131sa \u00fcnl\u00fcler gibiydi. Bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, bu \u201c\u015fey\u201ddir.
    \n2.<\/strong> \u201cEa\u201d \u00f6rne\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi k\u0131sa bir \u00fcnl\u00fcn\u00fcn takip etti\u011fi uzun \u201cE sesi, bir ma\u011faran\u0131n i\u00e7indeki karanl\u0131\u011fa, geceye, topra\u011f\u0131n ya da denizin derinliklerine benzer bir bo\u015flu\u011fu ifade eden \u201csiyahl\u0131k\u201d anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.
    \n3.<\/strong> \u201cU\u201d ya da \u201cOo\u201d sesi \u201csu\u201d ya da devinim e\u011filimi bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir \u015fey anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.
    \n4.<\/strong> Dudaks\u0131l \u00a0<\/strong>\u201cB,F,P, Ph\u201d sesleri, M\u0131s\u0131r dilindeki \u201cF\u201d ya da Yunanca\u2019daki \u201cDigemma\u201d gibi iyelik anlam\u0131 verir.
    \n5.<\/strong> Daha sonradan \u201cS\u201d veya \u201cSh\u201d ile yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren di\u015fsel \u201cD, T, Th\u201d sesleri \u201cyer\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu nedenle, Aet \u201c Ea\u2019n\u0131n yeri\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.
    \n6.<\/strong> G\u0131rtlaktan gelen \u201cG, K,Ch sesleri \u201cgibi\u201d demektir. Bu nedenle \u201cGi\u201d ya da \u201cKi\u201d \u201ctoprak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. \u201cAch\u201d \u201ckabile\u201d ya da \u201chalk\u201d demektir. Bu ses sonradan \u201cS\u201d ile yer de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.
    \n7.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cL\u201d sesi \u201cf\u0131rt\u0131na\u201d ve daha sonra \u201cg\u201d ya da \u201cTanr\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
    \n8.<\/strong> \u201cM\u201d ve \u201cN\u201d sesleri \u201chakimiyet\u201d ya da \u201cg\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. \u201cM\u201d genelde eriller, \u201cN\u201d ise di\u015filler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u201cAn\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n ya da Tanr\u0131n\u0131n yerini g\u00f6steren \u201cdirek\u201d\u00a0 ya da \u201cS\u00fctun\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.
    \n9.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cR\u201d sesi \u201cAte\u015f\u201d demektir. Alev ise \u201cUr\u201d dur. \u201cSam-ur\u201d \u201cKutsal Ate\u015f anlam\u0131na gelir. Cimmerians<\/em> bazen \u201cGimri\u201d ad\u0131 verilen Kutsal Ate\u015f\u2019e tapan bir halkt\u0131.
    \n10.<\/strong> \u201cS\u201d, \u201cSh\u201d ve \u201cZ\u201d sesleri benzer anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131r. \u201cS\u201d bir anlamda \u201cgitmek demektir. \u201cSu\u201d \u201c\u0131rmak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. \u201cSh\u201d \u201cyukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak\u201d anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cAsh\u201d \u201cy\u00fckselmek\u201d demektir. \u201cZ\u201d \u201ca\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inmek\u201d ya da \u201cuzakla\u015fmak\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cAz\u201d \u201cBat\u0131\u201d ya da \u201cKaranl\u0131k\u201d demektir.<\/p>\n

    Yer adlar\u0131 bunlar\u0131n bile\u015fimidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cPir\u201d, \u201cate\u015fe ait olan\u201d ya da \u201cocak\u201d ve \u201c ev\u201d anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. \u201cPerival\u201d \u201cr\u00fczgar\u0131n evi\u201d ya da \u201c da\u011f ge\u00e7idi demektir. \u201cKemennu\u201d \u00fczerlerinde ate\u015f bulunan ve bir tanesi Ur di\u011feri Al ya da El i\u00e7in dikilen iki \u201cKutsal S\u00fctun\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bunlara \u201cKur-al\u201d ya da \u201cHerk\u00fcl\u201d s\u00fctunlar\u0131 deniyordu.\u00a0 Cocytus ya da Acheten Su (ya da Ope ya da Oche) Aeten ya da Eden \u201c-<\/strong>den gelen<\/em>\u201d <\/strong>\u0131rmak demekti. Pyriphlegethon ya da\u00a0 Perival Achaeten \u201cAeten (ya da Eden)\u2019den ge\u00e7en Irmak<\/em>\u201d demekti.<\/p>\n

    Da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde, genizden gelen sesler, uzak mesafelerden duyulabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7oklukla bir \u00f6nek almaktad\u0131r. Xenophon bu \u015fekilde 12 kilometreyi a\u015fan mesafeler boyunca ileti\u015fim kuruldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z eder. Bu inan\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir ama bana da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Bu t\u00fcr bir seslenmenin civardaki bir dinleyici \u00fczerindeki etkisi \u201cShala Tepeleri\u201dnde tarif edilmektedir. Bununla ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak, da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeleri tan\u0131mlayan daha eski haritalarda Eden ve Acheten\u2019e rastlarken Stieler<\/em>\u2019in atlas\u0131nda Kacheten\u2019e rastlar\u0131z.\u00a0 Genizden gelen ya da di\u015fsel olarak gruplanan ve \u00f6nek alm\u0131\u015f seslere yaln\u0131zca daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem yer adlar\u0131nda rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu ses M\u0131s\u0131r Dilindeki \u201cTa\u201d gibi bir tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 ses ya da \u201cyurt\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cKi sesinin k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi olabilir.<\/p>\n

    Baz\u0131 durumlarda, Yunanca adlar\u0131n yerli Proto-Kafkas adlar ile pek benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fark edilecektir. Bu Strabo<\/em> 11;11;5\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunanlar, bilmedikleri bir ad ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 koruyabilmek amac\u0131yla sesi hafif\u00e7e de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorlard\u0131. Strabo buna \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rnekler vermektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Acheten Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alabiliriz. Bunun ad\u0131 Terek<\/em> ya da Ur oche<\/em> yani \u201cAte\u015f Irma\u011f\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir \u00fcnk\u00fc \u0131rmak Bak\u00fc petrol Havzas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Yunanlar bu \u0131rma\u011fa Pyri Phlegethon<\/em> ya da \u201cAte\u015f Sa\u00e7an Irmak\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Benzer bi\u00e7imde, Kachaeten\u2019e Cocytus dediler. Di\u011fer kachaeten \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin Pirikets kachaeten, Kafr Aeten, Fi Acheten\u2019\u0131 bilmiyorlard\u0131. Ama Ar Aeten\u2019i Eridan ya da Eridanus\u2019a \u00e7evirdiler. Bu \u0131rmaklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc Eden Da\u011f\u0131 ya da Edena Ge\u00e7idinden akmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bir Yunan terimi olan \u201chekaton cheira\u201d asl\u0131nda \u201cy\u00fcz eli bulunan\u201d anlam\u0131na de\u011fil \u201cacheten cheiran\u201d yani \u201cEden Da\u011f\u0131 kabilesinden\u201d demektir.<\/p>\n

    Burada bir Yunanca terim \u00f6zellikle belirtilmelidir \u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok fazla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cNesos\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hala \u201cada\u201d bi\u00e7iminde \u00e7evrilmektedir ama belki de ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem Yunanca d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bu anlama gelmez. Peloponnesus bir yar\u0131madad\u0131r. Arabistan \u201cnesos\u201d bi\u00e7iminde tan\u0131mlan\u0131yordu, Mezopotamya da \u00f6yle. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck, \u201can\u201d, \u201caea\u201d ve \u201cs\u2019s\u201d k\u00f6klerinden gelmektedir ve \u201ctoprak filizi\u201d\u00a0 <\/strong> anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Her s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn asl\u0131nda k\u00fck bir \u015fiir oldu\u011fu ve olmak zorunda oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu son derece ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201c\u015farap\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cKaranl\u0131k Sular\u0131n Krali\u00e7esi\u201d bi\u00e7iminde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, \u201cnesos\u201d topraktan bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ya da meyve gibi filiz vermi\u015f bir \u015fey, baz\u0131 durumlarda da\u011fl\u0131k burun, <\/strong>di\u011ferlerinde ise bir ada anlam\u0131na geliyordu. As\u0131l anlam\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcde su, \u0131rmaklar\u00a0 ya da deniz ile biti\u015fik b\u00f6lgeydi ve az rastlanan \u00f6rnekler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ada anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle, \u0130ngilizce s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerimiz i\u00e7in \u015fu tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6neriyorum: \u201cNesus. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcde tatl\u0131 ya da tuzlu suya biti\u015fik bir b\u00f6lge.\u201d \u00d6rne\u011fin, Circe\u2019nin nesos<\/em>\u2019u, ileride g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz gibi, Pelopenneus\u2019a benzer bi\u00e7imde, \u00e7ok dar bir k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 bulunan da\u011fl\u0131k bir burundu.<\/p>\n

    Harita \u00dczerindeki B\u00f6lgeler ve Yerler<\/b><\/p>\n

    Kafkas B\u00f6lgesi<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>Bu b\u00f6lgeye ait kaliteli foto\u011fraflar, George Kennan\u2019\u0131n Ekim 1913 tarihli National Geographic <\/em>Dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan makalesinde bulunabilir. Kennan bu b\u00f6lgeyi \u201cSay\u0131s\u0131z ku\u015faklar boyunca insano\u011flunun ikiden fazla kullan\u0131labilir ge\u00e7it bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 Dariel Ge\u00e7idi (Georg of Dariel) ve Demir Derbent Kap\u0131s\u0131 (Iron Gate of Derbent) – <\/strong>700 mil uzunlu\u011funda ve ortalama 10.000 feet y\u00fcksekli\u011finde devasa bir do\u011fal bariyer\u201d olarak tarif etmektedir. Asl\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca bir ge\u00e7it vard\u0131r \u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0 Demir Derbent Kap\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer almaz; da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n sonu ile Hazar Denizi aras\u0131nda yer alan ince bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. Kennan, b\u00f6lgenin kuzey ve g\u00fcneyinde iklim farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z eder.<\/p>\n

    \u201cS\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n kuzey taraf\u0131nda Nogai Tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131plak topraklar\u0131 yer al\u0131r \u2013 yazlar\u0131, y\u00fczlerce mil boyunca yaln\u0131zca s\u0131caktan kavrulmu\u015f stepler ve k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 orada burada g\u00e7ebe Mo\u011follar\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ve Kara \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131yla bezeli bir kar okyanusundan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimiz u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z \u00e7orak topraklar.<\/p>\n

    \u201c<\/strong>Ama kuzeyden g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde do\u011fan\u0131n \u00e7ehresi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Sonsuz stepler birdenbire \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle bezenmi\u015f, asmalarla dolu ormanlarla yemye\u015fil, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyi gibi g\u00fcne\u015fli ve s\u0131cak\u00a0 bir dizi derin olmayan bereketli vadiye a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u201cKuzeyin so\u011fuk r\u00fczgarlar\u0131ndan bir da\u011f siperiyle korunan bu b\u00f6lgede bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc neredeyse tropik bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterir. Da\u011f eri\u011fi, incir, zeytin, portakal ve nar hi\u00e7bir bak\u0131m istemeden, a\u00e7\u0131k havada yeti\u015fir. G\u00f6rkemli karaa\u011fa\u00e7, me\u015fe, ak\u00e7aa\u011fa\u00e7, aynal\u0131 kavak, ve \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fe durmu\u015f asmalarla bezeli ceviz a\u011fac\u0131 ormanlar\u0131 her yeri kaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ve sonbaharda, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n, Kachaetia\u2019n\u0131n ve Mingrelia\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fli tepeleri asmalarda olgunla\u015fan \u00fcz\u00fcmlerle mor bir renk al\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u201cKafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ve Britannica Ansiklopedisi.<\/p>\n

    G\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesinde, Hypiberea\u2019da, <\/strong>bu\u011fday ve di\u011fer tah\u0131llar yabani ortamlarda bile yeti\u015fir. Oysa kuzey steplerinde (M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Anaaruf\u2019u) \u00f6nceleri tah\u0131l bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Tatar b\u00f6lgesinin sakinleri hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvan yeti\u015ftirerek ve avc\u0131l\u0131kla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Ate\u015fi bilmiyorlard\u0131 ama daha sonra kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki petrol havzalar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan kabilelerden ate\u015fi edindiler. Pir Mithras b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 yak\u0131t i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterene kadar\u00a0 bu b\u00f6lgedeki petrol ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelere neden oluyordu. (Herodot,<\/em> 4; 61). B\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla Promete\u2019nin \u00e7ekti\u011fi cezan\u0131n ve insanlara ate\u015fi da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni buydu. A\u011fa\u00e7 yaln\u0131zca ah\u015faptan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Yunan tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n da i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amalthea\u2019s Horn<\/em> b\u00f6lgesinde bulunuyordu. (Herodot, 4;108).<\/p>\n

    K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n jeolojik \u00f6zelliklerini en iyi tan\u0131mlayan harita bu konuda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fi olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, Notthingham, Veraset Defterdar\u0131 Felix Oswald\u2019a aittir.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 Himalayalardan \u00e7ok daha ya\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r ve buradaki tepelerin bir \u00e7o\u011fu Mt.Blanc\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m mil daha y\u00fcksektir.\u00a0 Elbrus Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 200 milden daha uzak bir mesafeden g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yer alan Dariel Ge\u00e7idi, Terek Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok dar, ancak seyyahlar\u0131n ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fi bir aral\u0131kt\u0131r ve u\u00e7urumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 5000 feet\u2019i bulur. Buras\u0131 demir kap\u0131larla kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve Yunanlarca Erebus, Babilliler, Asurlular ve Samilerce Erib olarak biliniyordu.\u00a0 G\u00fcneyden kuzeye g\u0131da ve kuzeyden g\u00fcneye petrol ge\u00e7i\u015fi i\u00e7in son derece uygun bir yoldu. Bir tek yerde yar\u0131lan kanyon, tepesi d\u00fcz yama\u00e7lar\u0131 dik ve kayal\u0131k\u00a0\u00a0 bir da\u011f\u0131n do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektedir. \u00a0<\/strong>Bunun bir yan\u0131nda Pir Mithra\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde hapsedildi\u011fine inan\u0131lan ma\u011fara ve yukar\u0131s\u0131nda da b\u00f6lgenin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n\u0131n hisar ya da kalesi yer al\u0131yordu. Ge\u00e7idin kuzey aya\u011f\u0131nda petrol \u00f6yle boldur ki ilk imtiyaz sahipleri tarlalar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hasar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden mahvolmu\u015ftur. Kacheten ya da Cocytus\u2019un ve Perivlegaten ya da Pyriphlegethon\u2019un i\u00e7ine akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck, ya\u011fl\u0131 Acheron Batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da burada yer al\u0131yordu. Styx P\u0131nar\u0131 ya da Ast-ach-su daha yukar\u0131da yer almaktad\u0131r ve Kacheten\u2019e akar ya da akan \u0131rmaklar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Harita, kaynak yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madeni g\u00f6stermemektedir ama kayna\u011f\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru bir ka\u00e7 maden bulunur. Bak\u00fcs Nesus\u2019u da burada, Ardon \u00fczerindeki Tamish ve Nacha yak\u0131n\u0131nda yer almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    S\u0131rada\u011flar B\u00f6lgesinin Farkl\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin Adlar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n Hazar Denizine a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en do\u011fu ucu, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cG\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Bak\u00fc Da\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Serachi ve Kalachany ya da Telachny de burada yer almaktad\u0131r. S\u0131rada\u011f\u0131n en bat\u0131 ucu M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cG\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Tamen Yar\u0131madas\u0131, Ta Manu, idi. Buras\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Maatis Havuzu olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Maeotis G\u00f6l\u00fcne ve Fenikelilerin \u201cBat\u0131 Su Kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n Bat\u0131 liman\u0131 olan Az-ov Denizine a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar s\u0131rada\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne \u201cBeyaz Duvar diyorlard\u0131. Babilliler Orta ve Do\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere, Langdon s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn do\u011fru okunu\u015funu verene dek Mar-tu olarak bilinen Maru Da\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdi. Maru ya da Meru Yunanlar ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u201cuyluk\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Bunun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda Nysia ya da Nucha yer al\u0131yordu (bu adda iki yer vard\u0131r, biri asma di\u011feri bu\u011fday ile ilintili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir).<\/p>\n

    Bak\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki do\u011fu u\u00e7, Babillilerin Apsu\u2019suydu. <\/strong>Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn deniz anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi kabuledilir ama Clay\u2019in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi asl\u0131nda \u201cson\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Nudimmud\u2019un meskeninin, yani Ea ya da Seb\u2019in ( yani Seb-En-Gi) Apsu\u2019nun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde bu anlat\u0131lmak istenmektedir. Eski tap\u0131naklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde ta\u015f duvar\u0131ndan su f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran yuvarlak bir g\u00f6l bulunuyordu. \u201cApsu\u201d asl\u0131nda bu ta\u015f duvard\u0131 ama sonradan s\u00f6zc\u00fck b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6l i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Azarakanna ve Perek-Eshkul da burada yer almaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin b\u00fcy\u00fck da\u011flar\u0131 ise Kingu (Elbus Da\u011f\u0131), Lachamu, An, An Schar, Gaga (Arebus ve Astari Barzun yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda) ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesinde, Karassachal, Adshinar ve Chaldan idi. <\/p>\n

    Ana \u0131rmaklar, <\/em>bug\u00fcn Kuban<\/em> olarak bilinen Oceanus ya da Auschet ya da Atei Ope ya da Aradanu idi. Eski zamanlarda bunun kuzeyinde kalan b\u00f6lge t\u00fcm\u00fcyle batakl\u0131kt\u0131. Buradaki tepeciklerde\u00a0 <\/strong>yani Urmanu ya da Arimu\u2019da pek az ki\u015fi ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Irmak en ba\u015fta Trithonis batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ba\u015f\u0131ndan ak\u0131yor, kanallar sayesinde Alontas \u0131rma\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131yordu. Ancak, batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ine kaymas\u0131yla b\u00f6lge t\u00fcm\u00fcyle sel alt\u0131nda kald\u0131 ve bu ge\u00e7it kapand\u0131 ama Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6l\u00fc ge\u00e7idi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Irma\u011f\u0131n derin k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n sonu, bu heyelandan sonra, Kemmenobrodsk ya da g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya Dariel Ge\u00e7idine ula\u015fmak isteyenlerin bildi\u011fi ad\u0131yla Kemmenu-Aboruri\u2019ydi. Kuzeybat\u0131ya Graikus ve Achelous Irmaklar\u0131na ve Amalthea Boynuzu\u2019na ula\u015fmak ya da Cerberus-Jakin delta a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan \u2013 M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u00a0 ile Fenikeliler bu deltalara\u00a0 Shari-sharadon ve Shar Shuppi ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdi- Olonchuduk\u2019ta Selenchuk Denizine – eski ve as\u0131l Atlantik Okyanusu- ula\u015fmak isteyenlerse ayn\u0131 yeri Kemmenu Jakin ya da Eachon olarak biliyordu.<\/p>\n

    Acheolus, \u015fimdiki ad\u0131yla Kalaus, Graikus Irma\u011f\u0131 ile Achelous\u2019un kesi\u015fti\u011fi yer de Graia-ach<\/em>\u2019lar\u0131n \u2013yani Yunan halk\u0131n\u0131n- as\u0131l anayurduydu. Buran\u0131n biti\u015fi\u011findeki \u0131rmak, \u00a0<\/strong>Aegi Irma\u011f\u0131, asl\u0131nda Acheolus deltas\u0131na ait bir ge\u00e7itti ama Herakles<\/em> (ad\u0131 Herk\u00fcl ya da Kur-Kal olan Fenike tanr\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fil Yunan maceraperest Herakles) Kaledonlar\u0131n (Caledonians) ya da Kildanilerin (Chaldeans) \u00a0<\/strong>ricas\u0131 \u00fczerine buraya bir baraj kurdu ve \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n ta\u015fan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bereketli topraklara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Am-Althea\u2019n\u0131n anlam\u0131 \u201cAletheia ya da Alytta ovas\u0131\u201d d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Achelous\u2019un do\u011fusunda Arimi\u2019ler ve bat\u0131s\u0131nda Arim-Az-Fi ya da Bat\u0131 Arimi\u2019ler bulunuyordu. Graiae\u2019lerin (s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u201cya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir; b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla, bunun nedeni Graiae\u2019lerin kad\u0131n erkek ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzun, siyah elbiseler giymesidir) tek g\u00f6zl\u00fc oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylentisi bundan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r \u00fcnk\u00fc Herodot<\/em>\u2019un da belirtti\u011fi gibi (4;26), \u201cArima spu \u0130skit dilinde \u201ctek g\u00f6zl\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.\u00a0 Bu \u00f6rnek, Yunan tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa eden ve Yunan g\u00f6reneklerine g\u00f6re ya\u015fay\u0131p Yunan dilini konu\u015fan Yunanlar\u0131n, ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem kolonicileri de\u011fil as\u0131l Yunanlar oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar \u00fcnk\u00fc onlar Tammuz\u2019a tapanlar\u0131n (Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Amazonlar olarak bildi\u011fi, Elbrus Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki Thammuzeria Da\u011f\u0131ndan gelen Tammuzonlar) \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan ayr\u0131lan ve Amazonlar\u0131 fethettikten sonra Pers ulusunu kuran Perseus\u2019tan \u00f6nce de bu b\u00f6lgedeydiler.<\/p>\n

    Amazonlar\u0131n Elbrus Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n eteklerindeki uluslar\u0131 (bunlar Tufan geleneklerinde El Bari\u2019ler ya da Huburi\u2019ler olarak ge\u00e7er) yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131ktan sonraki\u00a0 fetihlerinde Thammuzeria Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya da Tammuz Sachar\u2019\u0131n eteklerinde akmakta olan Aram-Udon nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 indiler ve bu nehrin Tammuz-Alontas ile kesi\u015fti\u011fi yerde Chersonese<\/em> kentini kurdular.<\/p>\n

    Bir di\u011fer \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0131rmak da, do\u011fu vadisi (ve olas\u0131l\u0131kla t\u00fcm do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi) Metsera ya da\u00a0 \u0130brahim ve Cyrus Metsaras\u0131 olarak bilinen Kur Irma\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Jora\u2019n\u0131n eski ad\u0131n\u0131n, Kur ve Alizon ile birle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce yukar\u0131 kesimlerde Kem-bu-su (Kutsal Irmak; \u0130skitlerde Champsis) <\/strong>ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kesimlerde ise Abaran oldu\u011fu belirtilmelidir. Kur ve Alizon birle\u015ftikleri yer Ad Shinour ve Chaldan ovalar\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve Pirata, Koissu ya da \u201cCalling\u201d \u0131rmaklardan gelen Urie\u2019lerin k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yurduydu. Buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Babillerin \u2018Kissu\u2019 b\u00f6lgesiydi ve ilk M\u0131s\u0131r hanedan\u0131, Kazikimik Koissular, buradan geliyordu. Avar Koissu ve Ach-Su\u00a0 kabileleri olas\u0131l\u0131kla b\u00fcy\u00fck Cabiri s\u00fct\u00fcnlar\u0131ndan birinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sar-Veden\u2019de Psiddach (Sutech ya da Typhon) kentine sahipti. S\u00fct\u00fcnlardan di\u011feri ve belge odalar\u0131 ge\u00e7idin g\u00fcney taraf\u0131ndaki Achmeti\u2019deydi. Ba\u015fka yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fim gibi, Alizon\u2019u Yunanl\u0131lar ve Makarialar Elysion, Babilliler Kur-Dilumn olarak biliyorlard\u0131. Buran\u0131n sakinlerine Alaeti ya Kelti deniyor ve daha bat\u0131da ya\u015fayanlar \u0130beri olarak an\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Tamen Yar\u0131madas\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>Olas\u0131l\u0131kla Tamen yar\u0131madas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, haritan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131 biraz a\u00e7\u0131klama gerektirmektedir. Tamen ya da Ta manu \u201ctanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkesi\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Bu Yunanlar\u0131n temenos\u2019<\/em>u ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bat\u0131da yer al\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi uzun bir \u00f6yk\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fuda Uran\u00fcs\u00fc (Urie), Bat\u0131da Kronos\u2019u ve Amalthea Boynuzu yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Zeus\u2019u anlatan gizem gelenekleri tarihte ger\u00e7ekten ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekleri -k\u0131staktaki sava\u015flar\u0131 ve yerle\u015fmeleri- temsil ediyor g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. K\u00fck negrito<\/em> \u0131rk\u0131 bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lara son derece ba\u011fl\u0131, ma\u011faralarda ya\u015fayan bir \u0131rkt\u0131 ve \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131 ama geni\u015f \u0130skit (Thini) \u0131rk\u0131, metal i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve ustalar\u0131yd\u0131 ve da\u011flar\u0131n tepelerindeki rahiplere, Taautiler,\u00a0 ya\u00a0 da y\u00f6neticilere, Theoi, tap\u0131n\u0131yordu. Aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki bir \u015fekilde, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu sahilinde Araplar ve Negrolar aras\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce var olan ili\u015fkiyi and\u0131r\u0131yordu. Anapa yar\u0131madas\u0131 Circe\u2019nin nesus<\/em>uydu ve o b\u00f6lgenin Circetae\u2019leri (G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131ndaki Akrep Halk\u0131) Tamen\u2019in ok\u00e7ular\u0131yd\u0131. Kabardi, ba\u015f\u0131n sol yan\u0131nda uzun bir sa\u00e7 l\u00fclesiydi. Asiller, bunu kullanarak ta\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, yani geyik ve kurt ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 vs, ba\u015flar\u0131na tuttururlard\u0131. Bu, Sindi, Hindi ya da bu g\u00fcnk Hindistan\u2019da tanr\u0131lar\u0131n simgesidir ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan gelen bir gelenektir. Circe, Kirke ya da b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc ile hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bu deneyimden geliyordu. Colchis, Kalkacha Aea, \u00f6nceden Tamen Yar\u0131madas\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcler, \u201cmeschet\u201d denilen al \u00f6k\u00fcz derilerine, do\u011fuda ya da Bak\u00fc Serach\u2019da ipek kefenlere sar\u0131l\u0131r ve Susa\u2019da \u00f6k\u00fcz postuna benzeyen toprak kavanozlarda saklan\u0131rd\u0131. Phoinix (Anka) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve efsanesi buradan gelir. Athena ve Zeus d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm tanr\u0131lar\u0131n neden k\u0131staktan s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Mesen\u2019li Osiris sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n,\u00a0 Kafkasya\u2019da aynal\u0131 teleskopun kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, Do\u011fu Kafkasyan\u0131n Adalet Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ramman-Anthu\u2019nun, Feni-Kale\u2019nin ve Anayalius\u2019un, A\u015fil\u2019in beyaz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f, <\/strong>\u0130srail ve Medea\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f aslanlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi ve y\u00fczlerce di\u011fer konu ba\u015fka bir zamana b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Daha \u00f6nceki makalelerde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, tap\u0131naklar dahil t\u00fcm kamu binalar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda yer alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu ve pek \u00e7o\u011funun yerinin belirlenebilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 arkeologlara cesaret verecektir.<\/p>\n

    Ben, t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli sivil ve dini toplant\u0131lar\u0131n (Yunan Areopagosunun bile) binlerce y\u0131l boyunca yer alt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011funu buldum ve y\u0131llard\u0131r arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda elektrikli matkaplar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyim. Bu salt, \u0130skender\u2019in hazinesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla eski Achmeti kay\u0131tlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda gizlendi\u011fi Kafkasya i\u00e7in de\u011fil Yunanistan, M\u0131s\u0131r, Filistin, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Eski kay\u0131tlar sonsuza dek yitik de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca eski yer alt\u0131 odalar\u0131nda gizlidir.<\/p>\n

    Mitarkeoloji<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Bu, mitlerdeki g\u00f6ndermelerin ve yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc yoluyla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemidir. Yer adlar\u0131 ve g\u00f6ndermeler tarihsel fosiller gibi ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in jeoloji ile belirli benzerli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Jeoloji biliminin fosillerin incelenmesi \u00fczerine temellenmesi gibi biz de bu fosille\u015fmi\u015f gelenek ve adlar \u00fczerine \u201cmitarkeoloji\u201d bi\u00e7iminde adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek yeni bir bilim in\u015fa ediyoruz. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar kesinlikle verimli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur ve Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca arkeologlarca yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde incelenece\u011fini umuyoruz.<\/p>\n

    K\u0131staktaki Irklar<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 bir nokta ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve geli\u015fmi\u015ftir: g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, en ba\u015fta yaln\u0131zca tek bir \u0131rk vard\u0131. Bu ufak tefek, koyu renk derili bir \u0131rkt\u0131 ve ma\u011fara ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Negro<\/em> \u0131rk\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n kuzeyinde, batakl\u0131klardaki ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise\u00a0 geni\u015f bir beyaz \u0131rk olu\u015fturdu. Bu tezi kesinlikle beyan etmek i\u00e7in yeterli kan\u0131tlar hen\u00fcz toplanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama tez olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Bu arada, Osiris\u2019in mavi mask\u0131 onun asl\u0131nda bir Negro tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Te\u015fekk\u00fcr
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>Yazar, elbette, y\u00fczlerce ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya, \u00f6zellikle arkeolojinin Petrie, Sayce, Clay, Chiera, Budge, Breasted, Olmstead, Jansen, Peters, Rawlinson gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalar\u0131na bor\u00e7ludur. Ayr\u0131ca, Sir Robert Harts\u2019\u0131n adamlar\u0131ndan biri olan Brookline\u2019dan E. Gilchrist\u2019a \u00c7in kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile ilgili sorunlar s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki deste\u011fi ve Boston\u2019dan Bay R.E. Briggs\u2019e Negrito ve di\u011fer konulardaki yard\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in minnetlerimi sunar\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a><\/strong> Eski Kabartay-Balkar \u00d6zerk Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde kuzey ve kuzey bat\u0131da yer alan Kabartay Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 boydan boya ge\u00e7erek Hazar Denizine d\u00f6k\u00fclen \u0131rmak. Terek Irma\u011f\u0131 \u00c7erek, \u00c7egem, Baksan ve Malka \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    [2]\u00a0<\/strong> Yunanca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r tarihi ile tan\u0131nan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 rahip. I.Patolemaios i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihin ancak baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar Josephos\u2019un Pros Apiona <\/em>adl\u0131 incelemesindeki an-lat\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 ile s\u00fclaleler, Firavunlar ve saltanat d\u00f6nemlerine ait \u00e7izelgelerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan bu par\u00e7alar Manethon\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam yerel kaynaklara dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0 Romal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i (330-395).<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/strong> Flavios \u0130osephos,<\/em> Latince Flavius Josephus<\/em>, \u0130branice Mattitiyahu Ben Yasef\u00a0 Hakohen, Yasef ben Mattias<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 adlar\u0131yla bilinen Yahudi din adam\u0131, bilgin, tarih\u00e7i ve asker. (do\u011fumu 37\/38 Kud\u00fcs \u2013 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 100 Roma). En \u00f6nemli yap\u0131t\u0131 93 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 ciltlik \u0130oudaike Aarkhaiologia\u2019da <\/em>\u00a0(Yahudilerin Tarihi) yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015fdan ba\u015flayarak\u00a0 66-70 aras\u0131ndaki ayaklanman\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesine\u00a0 de\u011fin Yahudi tarihini anlat\u0131r. Yap\u0131t\u0131n Latince ad\u0131 Antiquitates Judaicae<\/em>\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> <\/strong>Pentateukhos , (Yunanca\u2019da be\u015f kitap), Tevrat\u0131\u2019n Hz.Musa\u2019ya vahyedildi\u011fine inan\u0131lan Tekvin, \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, Llevililer, Ssay\u0131lar ve Tesniyet ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ilk be\u015f kitapdan olu\u015fan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> <\/strong>Alta-hasis\u00a0 \u00e7ok bilge\u201d \u0130nsanl\u0131k durumunu ele alan bir Mezopotamya mitinin kahraman\u0131. Tanr\u0131lar kendilerine besin sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem k\u0131tl\u0131k, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k ve tufan gibi afetlerle yok ederler. Alta-hasis her seferinde tanr\u0131 Enki taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a><\/strong> Sarmatya\u00a0 26-27 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce olu\u015fan kaya katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc. Pontiyen kat\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve Tortoniyen kat\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer alan Sarmatiyen kat ad\u0131n\u0131 eski Sarmat kabilelerinin \u00fclkesi olan Sarmatia\u2019dan al\u0131r (bug\u00fcn Rusya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde). Bu d\u00f6nemde pek \u00e7ok alan okyanusun alt\u0131ndan yava\u015f yava\u015f y\u00fckselerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kan kara par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki birbirinden kopuk i\u00e7 denizler ve buralara akan \u0131rmaklar vard\u0131. (\u00e7.n.)<\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a><\/strong> Pheathon (\u201cParlayan\u201d \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7an\u201d) Yunan mitolojisinde G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Helios\u2019un Kleymene ad\u0131nda bir kad\u0131n ya da nypha<\/em>\u2019dan do\u011fma o\u011flu. Babas\u0131 belli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisiyle alay edilince annesinden babas\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi Helios\u2019 gider. Bunu do\u011frulayan Helios z\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in istedi\u011fi her \u015feyi verebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve g\u00fcne\u015fin arabas\u0131 ile bir g\u00fcn boyunca g\u00f6klerde dola\u015fmas\u0131na izin verir. Ama Pheton araban\u0131n atlar\u0131n\u0131 dizginleyemez ve araba d\u00fcnyaya fazla yakla\u015farak onu savunmaya ba\u015flar. Bunun \u00fczerinhe Zeus bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6ndererek Pheton\u2019u d\u00fcnyaya Eridanos \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a><\/strong> Bitumen Yollar\u0131n kaplanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan (katran, asfalt) gibi bir madde.<\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a><\/strong> pylon \u2013 Bir\u00a0 k\u00f6pr\u00fc ya da caddenin ba\u015f taraflar\u0131na in\u015fa olmu\u015f d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f ayak bi\u00e7iminde s\u00fcs b\u00f6l\u00fcmler.<\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> <\/strong>Berossus, Berossos ya da\u00a0 Bel-Asur bi\u00e7iminde de yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Babil uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin bilgileri Eski Yunanl\u0131lara aktaran Kaldeli Bel rahibi. Babil uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda \u00e7 ciltlik Yunanca bir yap\u0131t yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asur K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0 tarih ve kronolojisini kapsayan ikinci ve \u00fcnc\u00fc ciltler \u201cTufandan \u00f6nceki on kral\u201d la ba\u015flar. Daha sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla tufan olay\u0131n\u0131, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden kurulu\u015funu, \u201ctufandan sonra\u201d gelen krallar\u0131 vb. anlat\u0131r. Akad dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7iviyaz\u0131s\u0131 metinler Berossus \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00fcde do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    MISIRLILARIN KUTSAL YAZMALARINDA TAR\u0130F ED\u0130LEN YOLLARIN SIRRI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    (Bu makale ilk olarak 18 Mart 1924 tarihinde Christian Science Monitor dergisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

    <\/em>M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr \u00f6z\u00fclmez, teolojinin o korkun\u00e7 ve de\u011fersiz hayali yok olur ve okuduk\u00e7a, kendimizi incelikli bir ahlak\u0131n ve yabanc\u0131 ama dokunakl\u0131 bir umudun e\u015fi\u011finde buluruz.<\/p>\n

    Bu ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir kan\u0131t\u0131, \u201cOlumsuz \u0130tiraf\u201dda bulunabilir:<\/p>\n

    Ey I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve Do\u011frunun Tanr\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f topraklar\u0131 bo\u015f b\u0131rakmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    Ey Bast\u2019\u0131n Tanr\u0131s\u0131, asla k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 gizlice g\u00f6zetlemedim.<\/p>\n

    Ey Tanr\u0131 \u00e7ocuk, do\u011fruyu ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi duymazdan gelmedim.<\/p>\n

    Ey Kutsal Kentin Tanr\u0131s\u0131, hi\u00e7 kimseyi a\u011flatmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    Ey Y\u00fczlerin Tanr\u0131s\u0131, kimseyi ac\u0131mas\u0131zca yarg\u0131lamad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    Ey Nu Tanr\u0131s\u0131, sesime kibir katmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    Ey Kau, ayr\u0131m istemedim.<\/p>\n

    Ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k ortada ancak umut gizliydi. Bu gizli umut, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra, ki\u015finin Ana Yurda, Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Siris Vadisine, g\u00fcne\u015fin Bak\u00fc \u00fczerinden do\u011fup Ta Manu (Taman) \u00fczerinden batt\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklara, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 kolonile\u015ftiren\u00a0 ve Sekhet Elilerin\u00a0 (Sakatly) ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklara\u00a0\u00a0 geri d\u00f6nebilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u201d, bu anayurda ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, oraya nas\u0131l gidilece\u011fi, \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerin hangi s\u0131n\u0131r ta\u015flar\u0131yla tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve oraya var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ne ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131nda tam ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler veriyordu. Bu bilgiler son derece kesindir ve antik co\u011frafya \u00f6\u011frencileri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r ve yo\u011fun incelemelere a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130leride g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi, bilgiler olduk\u00e7a basittir. Ancak rahipler bunlar\u0131n rahipli\u011fe kabul edilmi\u015f olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesini arzulam\u0131yordu; bu nedenle, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n bu bilgileri i\u00e7eren b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 17, 18, 64, 125, 149, 150 ve di\u011ferleri yaln\u0131zca ellerinde bir anahtar, ama \u00e7ok basit bir anahtar, bulunduran ki\u015filerin anlayabilece\u011fi bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Kaynaklar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \n<\/strong>Erken d\u00f6nem co\u011frafyac\u0131lar, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131larla ve G\u00fcney Kafkas Vadisi halklar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u0131rktan geldi\u011fini biliyordu. Herodot<\/em>, \u0130.\u00d6. 450 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u201c Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok ki, Colchians<\/em>\u201d (<\/strong>Bat\u0131 Kafkas Vadisinin sakinleri, erken d\u00f6nem co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n bilgisi bu kadarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131) \u201cM\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u0131rkt\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan duymadan \u00f6nce kendim de dile getirmi\u015ftim. \u00a0<\/strong>Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce akl\u0131ma geldikten sonra, hem Colchis<\/em> hem de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da konuyla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131m ve Colchianlar\u0131n<\/em> M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Colchianlar<\/em> hakk\u0131nda an\u0131msad\u0131klar\u0131ndan daha fazla an\u0131ya sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 buldum… Bu halk kara derili ve k\u0131v\u0131rc\u0131k sa\u00e7l\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in,\u00a0 varsay\u0131mlar\u0131m temelsiz de\u011fildi… Bir kan\u0131t daha ekleyece\u011fim. Bu iki halk pamuklar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde dokur ve kulland\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda bilen hi\u00e7 kimse yoktur… Ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imleri ve konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda da, birbirlerini and\u0131r\u0131rlar.\u201d Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Herodo<\/em>t, 2;104.<\/p>\n

    Herodot\u2019un son derece sa\u011flam bir g\u00f6zlemci olmas\u0131na ve konuyu olay yerinde inceleyip bulgular\u0131n\u0131 kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak kontrol etmesine kar\u015f\u0131n (Herodot<\/em>, 3;12), vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar ku\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, bu bulgular \u201cBat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131k<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 yaz\u0131mda sundu\u011fum bir \u00e7ok ba\u015fka kan\u0131t ile desteklenmi\u015f ve Profes\u00f6r Newberry\u2019nin Nature <\/em>dergisinin 25 Eyl\u00fcl 1923 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda bulunabilecek olan Britanya Antropolji Derne\u011fi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k konu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda son derec g\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z: Clay, Empire of Amorites<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Bu yaln\u0131zca M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ile Colchianlar\u0131n<\/em> ayn\u0131 \u0131rktan oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar; hangisinin di\u011ferinden t\u00fcredi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaz. Ancak, bu konuda da elimizde bir \u00e7ok kan\u0131t bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Aetia<\/em> M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n, Siris<\/em> de Nil\u2019in eski ad\u0131yd\u0131. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Rawlinson\u2019\u0131n Herodotus<\/em> notlar\u0131 2;15. Bat\u0131 Kafkasya Vadisi, Jason efsanesinde ge\u00e7en Kral Aeetes\u2019in yurduydu (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Smith Classical Dictionary<\/em>); ve Cyrus, t\u0131pk\u0131 Nil\u2019in M\u0131s\u0131r Vadisinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 neredeyse boydan boya dola\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n Cennet b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Budge taraf\u0131ndan \u201cOsiris ve M\u0131s\u0131r Gelene\u011finde Yeniden Do\u011fum\u201d<\/em> adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Cilt 2, sayfa 155, \u015fu \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \u201cD\u00fcnyay\u0131 ku\u015fatan da\u011flar\u0131n \u00f6te yan\u0131nda Tuat adl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgenin var oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Tuat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6te yan\u0131nda benzer bir da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 vard\u0131, yani, Tuat\u2019\u0131n Nil Vadisine \u00e7ok benzeyen uzun bir vadi bi\u00e7iminde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bu iki da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131na paralel uzan\u0131yor ve onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu… M\u0131s\u0131r boyunca akan Nil gibi, Tuat vadisi boyunca da bir \u0131rmak ak\u0131yordu.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Harita incelendi\u011finde, Kafkas ve Ermenistan Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki vadinin bu tarife t\u0131pat\u0131p uydu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n

    Son bir kesin kan\u0131t ise, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n \u201cCennet\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, g\u00fcne\u015fin \u201cG\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak bilinen Bakhau ad\u0131nda bir da\u011f \u00fczerinden do\u011fdu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. G\u00fcne\u015f buradan y\u00fckselip, denizin \u00fczerinde bat\u0131yordu. Kafkas da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131 do\u011fuda\u00a0 Hazar Denizi\u2019nden, bat\u0131da Karadeniz\u2019e uzan\u0131r. Do\u011fu yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Bakhu\u2019dur, bat\u0131 yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131ysa Taman.\u00a0 D\u00fcnyada Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yerde bu ko\u015fullar bulunmaz, Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda ise gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131n t\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Elde pek \u00e7ok kan\u0131t daha vard\u0131r ama bu kadar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. <\/p>\n

    \u201cUfuk Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Anlam\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \nKafkas da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131, ekvatora neredeyse tam 23 \u00bd derece e\u011fimle uzan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, g\u00fcne\u015f, y\u0131l\u0131n en k\u0131sa g\u00fcn\u00fcnde Bak\u2019den do\u011far ve en uzun g\u00fcn\u00fcnde da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 boyunca ilerleyerek Taman\u2019da batard\u0131.<\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar \u201cufuk\u201d terimini kulland\u0131klar\u0131nda ak\u0131llar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en, Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 izleyen bu hatt\u0131. Bu hat, onlar\u0131n yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcyordu. Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ya da ufuk, cehennem ya da Hades, g\u00fcneyde kalan b\u00f6lge ise Kutsanm\u0131\u015flar\u0131n Topraklar\u0131 ya da Elysium say\u0131l\u0131yordu. Birinden di\u011ferine ge\u00e7menin tek yolu, ufuktaki aral\u0131kt\u0131. Bu aral\u0131k, karanl\u0131k ve kasvetli Arabus \u2013Erebus, Abydos- ya da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla Dariel ge\u00e7ididir.<\/p>\n

    Bak yar\u0131madas\u0131nda, kuzey ve g\u00fcney y\u00f6nlerinde uzanan bir da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 Marasy<\/em> ge\u00e7idi olan bir aral\u0131k bulunur ve bu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Shamash adl\u0131 ufak bir da\u011f yer al\u0131r. Y\u0131l\u0131n en k\u0131sa g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, y\u00fckselmekte olan g\u00fcne\u015f Marrasy ya da Marash ge\u00e7idi aras\u0131ndan Shamash da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tepeleri \u00fczerinde parl\u0131yordu. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda bu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201cTanr\u0131 Ra\u2019n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Do\u011fu Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d (b\u00f6l\u00fcm 109) Bak\u00fc ise \u201cG\u00fcn Do\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Babil gelenklerinde, buradan \u201cG\u00fcne\u015fin Girdi\u011fi yer\u201d olarak s\u00f6z edilir. Ge\u00e7it ve da\u011f, do\u011fal bir g\u00f6zlem evi olu\u015fturuyordu ve Babil\u2019in g\u00f6zlem evleri ya da ziguratlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131f\u0131r derece ile ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 boylam\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas Vadisinin bu do\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, M\u0131s\u0131r, Babil, Sami, Fenike, Yunan ve Pers dinlerinin kutsal topraklar\u0131yd\u0131. Babil dilindeki tek heceleri belirten i\u015faretlerin listesinde, Sir, Ur ve Napahu birbirine e\u015fit say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nucha, Bak\u00fcs\u00fcn ve asman\u0131n do\u011fum yeriydi. B\u00f6lgenin di\u011fer adlar\u0131 Dilmun, Hypiberea ve Alyson\u2019du. Geni\u015f al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerinin kenti olan Erech, Dariel ge\u00e7idinin \u00f6teki ucunda yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    \u201cUfkun\u201d bat\u0131 ucu ya da Kafkas S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 Taman \u2013Ta manu- \u201cG\u00fcn Bat\u0131m\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 idi. Taman yar\u0131madas\u0131 Karadeniz ile bug\u00fcn Azov Denizi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan su k\u00fctlesi aras\u0131nda uzan\u0131r ama Azov\u2019un o zamanki ad\u0131 \u201cMaaitis Havuzu\u201d ya da Maeatis G\u00f6l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Yar\u0131madan\u0131n ucunda Kuban Nehrinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu al\u00e7ak, bal\u00e7\u0131k araziler yer al\u0131yordu. Yar\u0131madada Kimmerler (Cimmerians) ya da Khemuri\u2019ler ya\u015f\u0131yordu (Strabo<\/em>, 11;11;5) ve b\u00f6lge yo\u011fun sisleriyle \u00f6yle \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc ki, \u201cKimmer karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d bizim \u201ck\u00f6r karanl\u0131k deyimini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Maaitis G\u00f6l\u00fc de \u201cKaranl\u0131klar \u00dclkesi Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6l\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. <\/p>\n

    G\u00fcne\u015fin \u0130zledi\u011fi G\u00fcnl\u00fck Yol \u00dczerine \u0130lkel D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler
    \n<\/strong>
    \n\u0130lkel insan i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015f, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir ate\u015fti ve ilkel \u0131rklar\u0131n t\u00fcm ate\u015fe tapard\u0131. Belirlenebildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla, Ur\u2019lar en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri ate\u015fe tap\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Al \u0131rk\u0131, en ba\u015fta f\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 Al\u2019a taparken daha sonralar\u0131, olas\u0131l\u0131kla y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce alev alan a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ya da I Kings <\/em>18\u2019de tarif edilenlere benzer olaylar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, Al\u2019a ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131\u00a0 olarak tap\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ur\u2019lar ve Al\u2019lar siyasal ve dinsel anlamda birle\u015fip Ur-Al, Khur-Al ya da Herk\u00fcl ad\u0131nda bir ikiz tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu tanr\u0131, zaman zaman isim benzerli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00e7l\u00fc Yunanl\u0131 Herakles ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Herodot<\/em>, 2:44). Aet ya da Aed \u0131rk\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta Ae, Aem ya da Thaem olarak bilinen karanl\u0131klar tanr\u0131s\u0131na tap\u0131n\u0131yordu ama sonradan onlar da Ur\u2019lar ile birle\u015fip Aet-Ur, Neter ya da Petera olarak bilinen ikiz bir tanr\u0131ya tap\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 koloni haline getiren Fenikeliler (Kani\u2019ler ya da Phoeni\u2019ler) asl\u0131nda Aed ya da Aet \u0131rk\u0131ndan geliyor ve alt\u0131n-k\u0131z\u0131l renkli bir kartala, aetos\u2019s, tap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ama sonradan Aet-Ur ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar. Asl\u0131nda, Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde ve Arabus Ge\u00e7idinin kuzey ucunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Terek ve Sunsha aras\u0131nda geni\u015f bir \u0131rmak adas\u0131ndan geliyorlard\u0131. Ge\u00e7it boyunca g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ilerleyerek, ge\u00e7idin Alizon Vadisine a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktaya vard\u0131lar. Buraya yerle\u015ftiler ve ad\u0131n\u0131 Ta Neter koydular. Ta Neter\u2019in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 Tioneti\u2019dir ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a yerle\u015fenler buradan gelmedir. <\/p>\n

    Ufuk Tanr\u0131lar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \nB\u00f6ylece M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar Ur ve Ae ya da Ae-m, M-ae (m<\/em> tanr\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir, ae<\/em> karanl\u0131k, t<\/em> ya da d<\/em> ise yer ya da toprak demektir) adl\u0131 tanr\u0131lara tap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Tanr\u0131 Ur\u2019u do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fin tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak al\u0131p, Hazar Denizinde y\u00fckseliyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in ona O-s-ur ya da Osiris ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. (o<\/em> su demektir; s<\/em> ba\u011flant\u0131 bi\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak herhangi bir \u00e7e\u015fit hareket anlam\u0131na gelir; ve Ur, ate\u015f ya da ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 demektir). Tanr\u0131 T-ae-m ya da M-ae-t\u2019i ise batan g\u00fcne\u015f ya da karanl\u0131k tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul ettiler. Osiris\u2019in da\u011f\u0131 ve yar\u0131madas\u0131 Bak\u00fc ya da Bakhau, -Y\u00fckseli\u015f Kap\u0131s\u0131-\u00a0 (b<\/em> kap\u0131 ve h<\/em> yukar\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece ach<\/em> ya da ash<\/em> y\u00fckseli\u015f anlam\u0131 verir) T-ae-m\u2019in da\u011f\u0131 ve yar\u0131madas\u0131 ise Taman ya da Ta-Manu\u2019ydu.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar \u201cUfuk Tanr\u0131lar\u0131\u201d idi. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak tanr\u0131 ya da \u00f6\u011flen g\u00fcne\u015fi tanr\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ad Ra<\/em>\u2019yd\u0131.\u00a0 (Ra daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ait bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckt\u00fcr ve anlam\u0131 tam olarak bilinmemektedir ancak olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u201cBo\u015fluk Ate\u015fi\u201d\u00a0 ya da \u201cG\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc Ate\u015fi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir). Baz\u0131 tap\u0131naklar Osiris\u2019i, di\u011ferleri Tem\u2019i benimsedi ve tap\u0131naklar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekabet olu\u015ftu. G\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131 ile G\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 dinsel t\u00f6rende bir arada bulunmas\u0131 az rastlan\u0131r bir durumdur. Rakip tap\u0131naklar, cennete nas\u0131l var\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusunda bile iki ayr\u0131 rota \u00f6neriyordu. Osiris\u2019in m\u00fcritlerinin \u201cbat\u0131 topraklar\u0131 yolundan, Tem\u2019in m\u00fcritlerininse \u201cdo\u011fu topraklar\u0131\u201d yolundan cennete ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu rotalar\u0131n tayini olduk\u00e7a tuhaf g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir ama belki de a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Tet\u2019ler ya da\u00a0 Shu S\u00fctunlar\u0131
    \n<\/strong>
    \n\u0130lkel idollar a\u011fa\u00e7 direklerdi ve Khur-Khal bir ikiz tanr\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yan yana duran iki s\u00fctundu. Sa\u011f taraftakinin, ya da do\u011fuya bakan\u0131n, ad\u0131 Jakin\u2019di. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: I Kings<\/em>, 7). Bunlar ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00fczerlerinde s\u00fcrekli ate\u015f yanard\u0131. Daha sonra, cam icat edildi\u011finde, alevi r\u00fczgardan korumak i\u00e7in etraf\u0131na \u201cOsiris\u2019in G\u00f6z\u201d ad\u0131 verilen cam bir koruma yerle\u015ftirildi ve bu olduk\u00e7a etkili bir yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 mercek sistemi olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc. S\u00fctunlardan birinin ate\u015fi i\u00e7in ye\u015fil, di\u011feri i\u00e7inse k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 sar\u0131 bir cam kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Sur \u015fehrinde yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak \u0130.\u00d6. 2755\u2019te kurulmu\u015f olan\u00a0 Herk\u00fcl Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019<\/em>n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k \u0130.\u00d6. 450 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0 ziyaret eden Heredot \u201cgece vakti g\u00f6rkemli bir \u0131\u015f\u0131kla par\u0131ldayan biri som alt\u0131ndan di\u011feri ise z\u00fcmr\u00fctten iki s\u00fctun\u201d g\u00f6rd\u00fc. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Herodot,<\/em> 2;44). \u201cTet\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bu cam korumalarla pek \u00e7ok modern \u00f6rnekten daha iyi bir optik sistem sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Kuban\u2019\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndaki bal\u00e7\u0131k arazinin seviyesi al\u00e7akt\u0131 ve Kimmerlerin\u00a0 <\/strong>topraklar\u0131n\u0131 sis basmaktayd\u0131. Bu nedenle Bo-Az\u2019a (Az\u2019\u0131n Su Kap\u0131s\u0131, ya da Az-ov; daha sonradan, bunun bir \u015fekilde oraya getirilen s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc ve s\u00f6zc\u00fck Bos-porus bi\u00e7imini ald\u0131) b\u00fcy\u00fck boy iki adet \u201ctet\u201d yerle\u015ftirildi. Bunlar g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Shu\u2019nun Yani Khur-Khal\u2019\u0131n s\u00fctunlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ilkel sakinleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlak oldu\u011funu ve g\u00fcne\u015fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bilmedikleri i\u00e7in, g\u00fcne\u015fin Hazar Denizinden y\u00fckselip \u201cDo\u011fu Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d yoluyla G\u00fcndo\u011fumu Da\u011f\u0131 Bakhau\u2019dan ge\u00e7ip Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131 boyunca ilerleyerek G\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 Ta-Manu ve Shu S\u00fctunlar\u0131na vard\u0131ktan sonra Maati Havuzunda, yani Maaitis G\u00f6l\u00fcnde, batt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gece boyunca atlar\u0131n\u0131 kuzey Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda dinlendirdi\u011fini (Yunan mitolojisi) ya da teknesiyle do\u011fuya yolculuk edip ertesi sabah, zaman\u0131 gelince, Hazar Denizinden g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Fenikelilerin Karadeniz ile Hazar DeniziAras\u0131ndaki Ticaret Yolu
    \n<\/strong>
    \n\u0130nsan, do\u011fal olarak, Karadeniz\u2019den Hazar Denizine gitmek i\u00e7in en iyi yolun G\u00fcney Kafkas Vadisi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ama bu rota, sald\u0131rgan kabileler aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7meyi gerektiren upuzun bir kara yolculu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geliyordu ve Fenikeliler denizci bir ulustu. Bat\u0131 Vadisi Colchis ise ticarette Fenikelilerin rakibiydi.<\/p>\n

    Haritaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Azov ve Hazar Denizleri aras\u0131nda uzanan bir dizi ufak g\u00f6l, Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6lleri, g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Harita, bu g\u00f6llerin suyunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Karadeniz\u2019e bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131nsa Hazar Denizine akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u015eu anda Sovyet H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu yol \u00fczerinde deniz yolculu\u011funu olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in bu ge\u00e7idi daha da derinden kazmaktad\u0131r. Ama bizim \u015fu anda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zamanda, yani, \u0130.\u00d6. 11.000-9000 aras\u0131nda, Hazar Denizi bu denli kurumadan \u00f6nce (\u015fu anda deniz seviyesinin 80 feet alt\u0131ndad\u0131r), Azov Denizinden Hazar Denizine do\u011frudan yelken a\u00e7mak ve buradan Aral yoluyla Faysabad\u2019a inmek olanakl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130.\u00d6. 200 gibi ge\u00e7 bir tarihte bile, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu sahili ile Faysabad aras\u0131nda bir su ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Ancak su seviyesi d\u00fc\u015fmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc ve \u0130.\u00d6. 200 tarihinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra (\u00c7in tarih yazmalar\u0131 \u0130.\u00d6. 125 tarihini\u00a0 vermektedir) Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Seres\u2019ler kervan ticareti i\u00e7in yollar kurdu.<\/p>\n

    Hazar Denizinin su seviyesindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften sonra bile Fenikeliler kalsik atlaslarda giri\u015finde Phanagoria<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 (Deniz Feneri \u0130\u015fareti) <\/strong>g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi Hazar Denizine yelken a\u00e7\u0131p, Kuban ya da Oceanus nehri boyunca yukar\u0131 ilerleyip\u00a0 Terek ve Sunsha aras\u0131ndaki Ser-Ser ya da Ur-Ur \u0131rmak adas\u0131ndan ve sonra Dariel ya da Arabus Ge\u00e7idinden ge\u00e7ebiliyorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece kendi ana yurtlar\u0131 Ta Neter\u2019e ya da Alizon Vadisine varmalar\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir tekne ile Alizon boyunca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inerek Cyrus ya da Siris\u2019e ve Hazar Denizine varmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    Tap\u0131naklar ve D\u0131\u015f Ticaret
    \n<\/strong>
    \nEski zamanlarda tap\u0131naklar yaln\u0131zca tap\u0131nma mekanlar\u0131 de\u011fil, banka, \u00fcniversite, teknik okul, konsolosluk b\u00fcrosu, ticaret odas\u0131 olarak da i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Yeni bir ulus ile ticaret yapmaya ba\u015flayan t\u00fcccar bir ulusun ilk i\u015fi, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n kredi ve ticari bilgi alabilmesi i\u00e7in kendi tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmak oluyordu.<\/p>\n

    Ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131mda, Sidon\u2019lu Fenikelilerin, \u0130.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 1250 tarihinde eski zamanlardaki ticari faaliyetlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn F\u0131rat ve Dicle krall\u0131klar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve o g\u00fcnlerde, Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen s\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki \u00fclkelerle \u00e7ok k\u00e2r getiren ticari ba\u011flar kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l Deniz Akademisi (Naval College) tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131tlar\u0131 inceleyerek saptad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftim. Herk\u00fcl\u00fcn bu kay\u0131p s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt deniz seferi d\u00fczenlediklerinden, \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlere gidip her seferden sonra raporlar haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 kan\u0131s\u0131na vard\u0131klar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftim. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Strabo<\/em>, 2;5).<\/p>\n

    S\u00fctunlar\u0131\u00a0 bulamamalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni s\u0131\u011fla\u015fan Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6l\u00fc rotas\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, Az-ov denizi ucunda Bo-Az S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ve Hazar Denizi\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Jakin S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 (D\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Noktas\u0131) i\u015faretlemi\u015f olmalar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Jakin S\u00fctunlar\u0131, bu g\u00fcn en yeni haritalarda bile g\u00f6sterilmektedir; \u00f6rne\u011fin Times Atlas<\/em>\u2019da Stavka Terekli (Herk\u00fcl\u00fcn De\u011fne\u011fi), 71; 1;2 ve K\u00fck Steiler Atlas<\/em>\u2019\u0131nda Kerkheuli Juk Jewe (Herk\u00fcl\u00fcn Jak\u00a0 Feneri), <\/strong>49; 0; 19. <\/strong>Ama elbette, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Hazar Denizi k\u0131y\u0131dan 40 mil i\u00e7eri \u00e7ekildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Hazar\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131, deniz kabuklar\u0131 kumsal\u0131 belirlem. Ektedir.<\/p>\n

    Asl\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em> Neydi?
    \n<\/strong>
    \n\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019ndaki gizemli bilgiler, \u00a0<\/strong>Fenikeli tacirlerin, Fenikelilerin ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Ana Yurdu olan Alizon Vadisine ula\u015fabilmeleri i\u00e7in eski yol tarifleridir.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n gizeminin nas\u0131l \u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatmak \u015fu an i\u00e7in olanaks\u0131z. Ama olanlar\u0131 \u015fu bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz: Bu, bir \u015feyin y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Mekke\u2019ye ya da Yahudileri Kud\u00fcs\u2019e gitmekten al\u0131koymas\u0131na benzer. Bu durum \u00f6yle uzun s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olsun ki sonunda Mekke\u2019nin ya da Kud\u00fcs\u00fcn yeri t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yitirilsin. \u00d6yle ki, buralar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek yerler oldu\u011fu bile bilinmeyip, insanlar sonunda buralar\u0131n mitik yerler oldu\u011funa ve buralara nas\u0131l gidilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan yazmalar\u0131n yol tarifleri de\u011fil dinsel t\u00f6renleri aktaran yazmalar oldu\u011funa inans\u0131n. Bu durumun nedeni ne olursa olsun, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019ndaki yol tariflerinin Alizon Vadisine, Ta Neter\u2019e (Tioneti) ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, ne y\u00f6ne gidilece\u011fine hangi kabilelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na, yol i\u015faretlerinin ne oldu\u011funa ve hangi\u00a0 i\u015faret kulelerinin bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bilgi veren tarifler oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir. <\/p>\n

    Bat\u0131 Topraklar\u0131ndan Ge\u00e7en Yol
    \n<\/strong>
    \nTutankamon\u2019un mezar\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131na yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u201c\u0130ki Yolun Kitab\u0131<\/em> yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en her iki yoldan da, yani Pirikan ve Van G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en \u201cDo\u011fu Topraklar\u0131\u201d yolundan\u00a0 ve Kuban Nehri ve Azov Denizi \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en \u201cBat\u0131 Topraklar\u0131\u201d yolundan, s\u00f6z eder. Bunlar\u0131n ikincisi olas\u0131l\u0131kla daha ilgi \u00e7ekicidir, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>n\u0131n 17, 18, 64, 125, 149 ve 150. b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri bu yoldan s\u00f6z eder.<\/p>\n

    Bu tariflere g\u00f6re, \u00f6nce B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil G\u00f6l\u2019den (Akdeniz) ve Karadeniz\u2019den ge\u00e7ilerek Maati Havuzunun (Azov Denizi) ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Restau \u00fclkesine ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak di\u011fer metinlerin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, Res-Tau asl\u0131nda Tau-res yani eski Toros oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in,\u00a0 Restau, Rostow kenti de\u011fil, Mateis G\u00f6l \u00e7evresindeki topraklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Hecelerin bu bi\u00e7imde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k rastlanan bir durumdur \u2013 \u00f6rne\u011fin, Ur-ab ve Ab-ur- ve gerek \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em> gerekse eski yaz\u0131tlar bunlarla doludur. <\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>n\u0131n 17. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde belirtildi\u011fi gibi, Restau ya da Taurus, yeralt\u0131ndaki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kuzey kap\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131, bu b\u00f6lgeye Chersonesus Taurica ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n

    Sonra, Tches-ert (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ker-tsch) bo\u011faz\u0131 \u00fczerinden Kuban Nehrinin a\u011fz\u0131na var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Shu S\u00fctunlar\u0131 burada bulunur. \u201cTchesert Kap\u0131s\u0131 Shu S\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 kap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r\u201d. Shu g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131, yani Ur-Al ya da Khur-Khal, Herk\u00fcl\u2019d\u00fc. \u201cZeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyindeki kent\u201dde, yani daha sonradan Phanagoria\u2019n\u0131n in\u015fa edildi\u011fi yerde biri karaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6lenler i\u00e7in bir lamban\u0131n \u00fczerine cam bir \u00e7anak yerle\u015ftirip bunu Kuban\u2019\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6merek dinsel bir t\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu. Ard\u0131ndan buray\u0131 yeniden kaz\u0131yordu. Bu, Osiris\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015funu simgeliyordu: Osiris alevdi; cam \u00e7anak \u201cOsiris\u2019in G\u00f6z\u201d, yani g\u00f6k kubbenin saydam yar\u0131k\u00fcresi olarak kabul ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

    Daha sonra bu ki\u015fi Fenku ya da Fenikeliler taraf\u0131ndan bir s\u0131navdan ge\u00e7iriliyordu. Kendisine bir bilmece soruluyordu: \u00c7i\u00e7eklerin alt\u0131nda toplanan ve zeytin a\u011fac\u0131nda oturan kimdir?\u201d ve yan\u0131t\u0131 yaln\u0131zca rahipli\u011fe kabul edilmi\u015f biri bilebilirdi: \u201cYa\u011f (mineral ve zeytin), Ate\u015f ya da Osiris.\u201d Yan\u0131t\u0131 bilemeyen, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. <\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>, bunun ard\u0131ndan Kuban yolu \u00fczerindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli kabileve \u00fclkeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. Bunlar \u00e7e\u015fitli yol ve s\u0131n\u0131r i\u015faretleri, \u00a0<\/strong>yani \u00e7e\u015fitli da\u011flar, vs.dir. Genelde \u201chavuzlar\u201d <\/strong>ya da \u201cadalar\u201d olarak \u00e7evrilen s\u00f6zc\u00fck ayr\u0131ca nehir uzant\u0131lar\u0131 anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

    En sonunda Terek ve Sunsha ile \u00e7evrili Ser-Ser, Ur-ur ya da Tur-Tur nehir adac\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n yi\u011fitliklerini anlatan Babil yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda bu kente Erech de deniyordu. Nehirdeki ada \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f olan kentin, boyu 300 feeti a\u015fan, <\/strong>ate\u015f tu\u011flas\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek duvarlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Nebuchadnezzar, Babil Surlar\u0131n\u0131 bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcney taraf\u0131ndaki surlar y\u0131lan kayn\u0131yordu. Serin bir sabah g\u00fcneye bakan eski bir duvar g\u00f6ren herhangi biri M\u0131s\u0131r ve Finiklelilerin s\u00fcr\u00fcngen s\u00fcslemelerinin nereden geldi\u011fini anlayacakt\u0131r. Sunsha Irma\u011f\u0131nda bol miktarda ya\u011f y\u00fcz\u00fcyordu. Bak\u00fc petrol Havzas\u0131n\u0131n merkezi Grosnyi, burada yer al\u0131yordu ve petrol \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in topra\u011fa bir \u00e7omak sokup kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak yeterliydi. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Ana Brittanica Ansiklopedisi, Kafkasya). Bu petrol bazen alev al\u0131yordu ve hemen yak\u0131n\u0131nda ate\u015fe tapan Persliler\u2019in Yanan Tarlalar\u0131<\/em> bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

    Bu ki\u015fi bir s\u00fcre kentte kal\u0131p belirli kitaplar\u0131 okuyor ve (Acheruntici Libri) bir zaman sonra bilge bir ki\u015filik oluyordu. Sonra \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman y\u00fczl\u00fc adamlar\u201d\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki\u00a0 Arabus ya da Ab-tu ge\u00e7idinden ge\u00e7ebilmesi i\u00e7in kendisine e\u015flik ediliyordu. Bu s\u0131rada b\u0131\u00e7akla silahlan\u0131yordu ve nihayet Ta-Neter\u2019e (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tioneti b\u00f6lgesi) yani, \u201cAet-Ur\u2019lar \u00dclkesine var\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Vadinin giri\u015finde sekizinci Cabiri Ashmeti ya da Eschmen\u2019in \u015fehri ve Kapare-uli, ya da G\u00fcne\u015f Sippara\u2019s\u0131 yer al\u0131yordu. \u201cCippus<\/em>\u201d <\/strong>b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla onun g\u00f6rkemli ta\u015f an\u0131t\u0131ndan\u00a0 t\u00fcremi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    Daha da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Sakat-uli ad\u0131yla bilinen Sekhet-Aaru, yani Sekhet-Sham bulunuyordu. (Hem Sham hem de Eli \u201cg\u00fcne\u015f\u201d ve \u201cG\u00fcne\u015f Tarlalar\u0131\u201d demektir).<\/p>\n

    Sonra bazen Harmakis olarak da bilinen Melikarkh, Achssu, Bak\u00fc, Yanan Tarlalar vs. gelir. Kral Pepi\u2019nin saray\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n arzu etti\u011fi kent olan Mzchet yukar\u0131da, vadinin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve Shenit\u2019lerin G\u00fcne\u015f Kentinin yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Elinizde Stieler Atlas\u0131 ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em> ile vadiyi boylu boyunca dola\u015fmak ilgin\u00e7 bir deneyimdir; insan Badeker<\/em>\u2019iyle kendisini turist gibi hisseder.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas Vadisinde Arkeolojik \u0130ncelemeler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Neden Gereklidir?
    \n<\/strong>
    \nK\u0131sa bir makalede yollar\u0131n ve t\u00f6renlerin vs. t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla sunulmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Ancak konunun ilgi \u00e7ekici do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye ve h\u0131zla artan g\u00e7men seli eski an\u0131tlar\u0131 yap\u0131 malzemesi edinmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm\u00fcyle y\u0131kmadan\u00a0 (bunu hi\u00e7bir yasal d\u00fczenleme engelleyemez) ve arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar g\u00e7 ya da olanaks\u0131z hale gelmeden \u00f6nce,\u00a0 insano\u011flunun bu anayurdunda bir ya da daha fazla arkeolojik inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maya\u00a0 yetecek denli ayr\u0131nt\u0131 sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fumu \u00fcmit ediyorum.<\/p>\n

    KAFKASYA, B\u00dcY\u00dcK MEDEN\u0130YETLER\u0130N ANASI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yazar\u0131n, \u201cco\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n AsyaAkdenizi<\/em> olarak bildi\u011fi i\u00e7 okyanusun do\u011fu sahili ve \u00f6zellikle onun kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu kom\u015fular\u0131 Balka\u015f ve Dschalantschash denizlerinin, en az Babil kadar eski b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0 bir medeniyetin be\u015fi\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tahmini ku\u015fkusuz bu sahalar kaz\u0131lana dek do\u011frulanamaz. Ama elimizde, bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc ile uyumlu iki ke\u015fif haberi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar\u0131n ilki, b\u00fcy\u00fck Rus bilim adam\u0131\u00a0 Rostovtzeff\u2019in (Irans and Greeks in South Asia<\/em>, sayfa 137) Altay B\u00f6lgesinde (Dschalantschash Denizinin kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131) Kuban\u2019dakileri and\u0131ran mezarlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bildirisidir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kincisi, se\u00e7kin\u00a0 Sir Aurel Stein\u2019in Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131nda ve Rus arkeologlar\u0131n\u0131n ise Baykal G\u00f6l\u2019n\u00fcn g\u00fcneyindeki b\u00f6lgede Avrupa ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren kan\u0131tlar bulmu\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar\u0131n ikisi de tezimizi t\u00fcmden kan\u0131tlamaz ama \u015fu ana dek tezimizle uyumlu haldedirler.<\/p>\n

    Selentush Okyanusu\u2019nun (Asya Akdenizi) K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmesi
    \n<\/strong>
    \nBunu yapman\u0131n bir yolu jeoloji yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ya da Britannica Ansiklopedisinin \u201cHazar Denizi\u201d maddesinde belirtildi\u011fi gibi,\u00a0 eski sahilleri, deniz kabu\u011fu tortular\u0131n\u0131 vs. incelemekten ge\u00e7er. Bir di\u011fer yol ise, yer adlar\u0131n\u0131 incelemektir. Atlantik Okyanusu kurusayd\u0131 ve biz de y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l sonra bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulmak isteseydik, dikkatimizi Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, Boston, Lynn, New London, New York, Maryland, Louisiana gibi ad gruplar\u0131na y\u00f6neltip, buralar\u0131n eski okyanus yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden uluslardan de\u011fil \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019dan gelenler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyecektik. Ve ad tiplerinden ve \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa tarihlerinin bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, kolonizasyon tarihini yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7erisinde tespit edebilirdik.<\/p>\n

    Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, g\u00fcney sahilinden ba\u015flay\u0131p do\u011fuya gitti\u011fimizde, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131na<\/em> \u00f6zg\u00fc bir dizi yer ad\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Bunlar \u00e7 ana grupta toplanabilir:<\/p>\n

    1.<\/strong>\u00a0Buhara\u2019daki Faysabad civar\u0131ndaki adlar.
    \n2.\u00a0<\/strong>Kuzey Fergane\u2019deki Kohan civar\u0131ndaki adlar.
    \n3.\u00a0<\/strong>Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki, Dschalantschash Denizi yak\u0131n\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Yedi Irmak \u00dclkesindeki adlar.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u0130.\u00d6. 6000\u2019den daha eski olmayan ad tipleri bi\u00e7iminde gruplanabilir. Ama ikinci ve \u00fcnc\u00fc gruplarda s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u0130.\u00d6. 2500 ve \u0130.\u00d6. 1000\u2019den daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ait olmayan adlar buluruz. Selentush Okyanusunun (co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n verdi\u011fi adla Asya Akdenizi<\/em>) a\u015famal\u0131 olarak kurudu\u011funu an\u0131msarsak, bu gruplar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imini kavrayabiliriz. \u00d6nce, Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn Kafkasya ile su ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kesildi ve Yedi Irmak B\u00f6lgesi ile Dsungarei B\u00f6lgesi izole oldu. Ancak tekneler hala Fergane ve Buhara\u2019dan Sir ve Amu \u0131rmaklar\u0131 yoluyla o zamanlarki ad\u0131 \u201cKithay G\u00f6l\u201d (Cathay?) \u00a0olan Aral Denizine ve b\u00f6ylece Hazar Denizine ula\u015fabiliyordu. Bu konudaki otorite Strabo\u2019dur. Ancak, Aral ve Hazar aras\u0131ndaki su yolu yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak, \u0130.\u00d6. 250\u2019de kurumu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir \u00fcnk yakla\u015f\u0131k o zamanlarda, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuzey b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Sirici<\/em>ler, Hindistan ile Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda karavan ticareti kurmu\u015flard\u0131. (Strabo<\/em>, 11.5.8). Bu noktada, Faysabad\u2019\u0131n Chitral\u2019dan yaln\u0131zca 100 mil uzakl\u0131kta olmas\u0131 ve buradan Kunar Vadisi boyunca bir y\u00fcz mil daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inildi\u011finde Hayber Ge\u00e7idine ve Hindistan\u2019a gelinebilmesi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Kokan ile Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki mesafe \u00e7ok k\u0131sayd\u0131 ve buradan \u00c7in\u2019e rahat bir yol uzan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcneyinde yer alan ve Rus arkeologlar\u0131n yeni ke\u015fiflerde bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede, yer adlar\u0131 \u0130.\u00d6. 250 y\u0131l\u0131ndan daha erken d\u00f6neme ait olamaz. Bunun bir \u00f6rne\u011fi, g\u00f6l\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 mil g\u00fcneyindeki \u201cEkure Chalcha\u201d<\/em> d\u0131r. <\/strong>Bu ad, Babil dilinde ya da Bak yar\u0131madas\u0131nda, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck (ya da Da\u011f) Evin (ya da Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n) Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Yeri\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Ancak bi\u00e7em, \u0130.\u00d6. 400\u2019den daha \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olamaz. Bu nedenle, bunun kara yolu ve kervanlarla aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

    Bu Medeniyet Neden Ke\u015ffedilmedi?
    \n<\/strong>
    \nBir ge\u00e7erli neden, bu g\u00fcne dek bilinen t\u00fcm incelemelerin \u00a0<\/strong>Selentush Okyanus\u2019unu \u00e7evreleyen da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu <\/em>taraf\u0131nda yer alan Tar\u0131m ve benzeri b\u00f6lgelerde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Herhangi bir eski medeniyet, Chabar, Kent, Urd-shar, Kok-su, Sarkansk, Ak-su, Tschingis, Arganatinsk, Bakanass, Chan-tau, Dschangys-agatsch, Kara-bulak, Ubinsk, Urunchai, Talavka, Ust-Kammerogorsk ve benzeri yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bat\u0131 <\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>taraf\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Soneklerin pek \u00e7o\u011fu elbette ki modern Rus\u00e7a\u2019ya aittir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, son iki ad asl\u0131nda Talonta ve Kammeno\u2019dur. Bu sahalar kaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z medeniyete ait bir\u015feyler bulmay\u0131 \u00fcmit edebiliriz.<\/p>\n

    Bu Medeniyet Neden Kafkas Medeniyetinden Daha Sonraki Bir D\u00f6neme Aittir?<\/strong>
    \nKan\u0131tlar, \u00f6ncelikle yer adlar\u0131 bi\u00e7imindedir. Di\u011fer kan\u0131tlar \u00e7ok belirgin de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ipe\u011fi ke\u015ffetti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen \u00c7in \u0130mparatori\u00e7esinin ad\u0131 Se-lin-tschi olarak verilmektedir ve bunun k\u0131saca Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 haritalar\u0131nda yer alan Selentchu ya da Selentash denizi, Gelenchuk, Selentchuk, Olontchuk, Alontas ve Asslandus (olas\u0131l\u0131kla Karadenizde gelgit bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve burada bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in Selene Denizi) oldu\u011funa inanmak i\u00e7in nedenler vard\u0131r. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    6 Ekim 1924.<\/p>\n

    KAFKASYA\u2019NIN SABAH TOPRAKLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yazar\u0131n,\u00a0 Yunan ve Samilerin mit olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve mit \u00fclkesi olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgular\u0131n asl\u0131nda az bilinen bir b\u00f6lgede, Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131,\u00a0 meydana gelmi\u015f olaylar\u0131n tutarl\u0131 ve do\u011fru tarih\u00e7eleri oldu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik ke\u015fifleri ve bunlar\u0131n kan\u0131tlar\u0131, 1899 tarihinde Amerikan Bilim Geli\u015fimi Derne\u011fine bir yaz\u0131 olarak sunularak duyuruldu\u011funda, bu konu ile fazla ilgilenen olmad\u0131.\u00a0 Bu nedenle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 daha fazla yay\u0131n sunmadan bitirmenin daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda de\u011ferli arkeolojik malzemelerinin yitirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelen Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6l\u00fc yolunun yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n hem kuzey hem de g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerinin kolonile\u015ftirilmesi e\u011filimlerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde materyal toplanm\u0131\u015f, bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 son haline getirilerek yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn hemen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na karar verildi. Bu yay\u0131n 1923\u2019de, \u201cKafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/u><\/em> ad\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Eusebius, Berossus ve Josephus\u2019un s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi tufan \u00f6ncesi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n yerlerine ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131l dile ili\u015fkin notlar 1 Mart ve 26 haziran 1924 tarihlerinde Nature<\/em> dergisinde, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>nda anlat\u0131lan rotalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ise 24 Mart 1924 tarihinde Christian Science Monitor<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. <\/p>\n

    Daha Sonraki Makalelerin Kabul\u00fc
    \n<\/strong>
    \nDaha sonraki makaleler ve kitap, yazar\u0131n minnet duydu\u011fu bir kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve otoriteler sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaks\u0131z\u0131n kabul etti. Bu otoritelere \u00f6rnek olarak\u00a0 Origin of Biblical Traditions<\/em> adl\u0131 eseriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck Sami ve Babil uzman\u0131 Dr.Albert T.Clay\u2019i ve vefat\u0131ndan\u00a0 \u00f6nceki ki\u015fisel yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u2013bu yaz\u0131\u015fmalardan onun izniyle s\u00f6z etmekteyim- ve M\u0131s\u0131r arkeolojisi ve bununla ilintili sorunlar konusunda Ancient Egypt<\/em> (Aral\u0131k 1924)\u00a0 adl\u0131 eseriyle en g\u00fcvenilir uzman olan Sir Flinders Petrie\u00a0 verilebilir.<\/p>\n

    Yer Adlar\u0131 ve Gelenekler Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Arkeolojik \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar
    \n<\/strong>
    \nBir teorinin kabul\u00fc, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan her t\u00fcrl kaynaktan toplanan kan\u0131tlar\u0131n deste\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00f6yle de olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nature <\/em>dergisinin ele\u015ftirmeni ve yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen uzmanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Kafkas b\u00f6lgelerinde, teoremi onaylayacak arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu do\u011frudur; \u00fczerine tarihin in\u015fa edilece\u011fi sa\u011flam temelleri yaln\u0131zca k\u00fcrek ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Ama yap\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafi konumunun belirlenmesinde kullan\u0131labilecek, kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcde tutarl\u0131 ve bilimsel ba\u015fka ara\u00e7lar da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u201cKafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada yer alan ve a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7l\u00fc yer ad\u0131 sistemi bu ara\u00e7lardan biridir ve g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, \u00a0<\/strong>sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 son derece kesindir. Bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, jeologlar ancak Asya Akdenizi ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri geni\u015f i okyanusun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 konusunda ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6nceleri, Asya Akdenizi<\/em>\u2019in Hazar Denizinin do\u011fusundan, Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc de i\u00e7ine alarak, Altay Da\u011flar\u0131na uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. \u015eu anda ise, son d\u00f6nem jeolojik kan\u0131tlara da dayanarak, do\u011fuda bu kadar \u00f6teye uzanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ancak, jeolojik g\u00e7l\u00fckler bir yana, haritan\u0131n incelenmesi, Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fu ve g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ve Altaylarda bir dizi kat\u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z eski kafkasya ad\u0131 bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Kok-su, Tau-Kum, Bakanash, \u0130li, Sungaris, Ast- chibulak, Ach-Irek, Kent, Tschimi-Kent, Olon-Bulak, Ach-su, Urta-Saryk, Sary Bulak; Alan-Kuduk, Terek ve y\u00fczlerce ba\u015fka ad buna \u00f6rnektir. Bunlar yaln\u0131zca eski k\u0131y\u0131n\u0131n bulunaca\u011f\u0131, Yedi Irmak Topra\u011f\u0131 seviyesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Rostovtzeff\u2019in tuhaf ve a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f bir ger\u00e7ek bi\u00e7iminde belirtti\u011fi gibi, Altaylarda, Kafkasya\u2019daki Kuban\u2019dakileri and\u0131ran mezarlar bulunmu\u015ftur. (Bunun nedenini daha sonra g\u00f6rece\u011fiz).<\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle, Kafkas, Altay ve Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fc b\u00f6lgelerinin su yoluyla birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fundan emin olabiliriz. Dahas\u0131, Asya Akdenizi<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen denizin (Bak\u0131n\u0131z \u201cKafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>) as\u0131l ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201cSelentchuk Okyanusu\u201d (orijinal \u201cAtlantik Okyanusu\u201d)\u00a0 oldu\u011funu an\u0131msar ve Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fusunda yer alan ufak denizin hala \u201cDschalantaschash Denizi\u201d oldu\u011funa dikkat edersek bunun t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bir deniz yolu oldu\u011funu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcde kesinli\u011fe ba\u011flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

    Bug\u00fcn, tarih \u00f6ncesi ipek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve\u00a0 Argonotlar\u0131n Tel-Kaini\u2019lerce bat\u0131ya, Kos Adas\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen alt\u0131n postunun bulundu\u011fu modern Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da yer alan Gadira\u2019dan bildi\u011fimiz gibi, \u00c7in\u2019e ipe\u011fi getirenin \u201cSe-ling-tsche\u201d oldu\u011funu anlatan \u00c7in gelene\u011fini bu ba\u011flamda ele alabiliriz. \u0130skender\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Hazar Denizinde g\u00f6rkemli bir filo kurdu\u011funu ve askerlerine Hazar Denizinin Hindistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusundaki okyanus ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funa inanmak i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 nedenleri oldu\u011funu anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Strabo\u2019nun da belirtti\u011fi ve \u00c7in tarih yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n da do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Kafkaslardan ba\u015flayan ve karayolunu takip eden kervan yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 tarihinde Sereslerce kuruldu\u011funu, o zamana dek mallar\u0131n do\u011fudan Faysabad \u00fczerinden\u00a0 g\u00fcney Kafkasya Vadisine su yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Faysabad\u2019\u0131n Hayber Ge\u00e7idi ve Chitral vadisi yolu kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019dan en fazla 200 mil uzakl\u0131kta oldu\u011funu da ayn\u0131 kaynaklardan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131z. Selentchuk Okyanusu bir anda kurumad\u0131.\u00a0 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l gibi ge\u00e7 bir d\u00f6nemde bile, Hazar Denizi ile Aral\u2019\u0131n (o zamanki ad\u0131yla Kithay, yani Kathay Denizinin) ayn\u0131 su k\u00fctlesinin par\u00e7alar\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yordu. (Bu eski okyanus yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kuruma h\u0131z\u0131 Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin raporlar\u0131nda verilmektedir ve mevsimlerin ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ya da kurak ge\u00e7mesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u00e7erisinde uzun zamand\u0131r yerle\u015fim bar\u0131nd\u0131ran yurtlar, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Mezopotamya\u2019daki kaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zdan bildi\u011fimiz gibi, jeolojik \u00f6zelliklerinden daha kal\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. G\u00f6rece modern topraklarda bile, ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellik g\u00f6zlenebilir. Norve\u2019in ba\u015fkenti Oslo \u0130.S. 1058 tarihinde kuruldu; 1624 y\u0131l\u0131nda ad\u0131 Christiana<\/em> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi ve 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda eski ad olan Oslo yeniden kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Norve\u00e7 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f devletlerinden biridir ancak haber vermeden sorumlu Norve\u00e7 posta i\u015fleri komisyonu,\u00a0 \u00fclkenin daha u\u00e7larda yer alan \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00f6lgesinde ba\u015fkentin asla Christiana olarak bilinmedi\u011fini, ad\u0131n\u0131n daima Oslo kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131ndaki Eski Yer Adlar\u0131<\/strong>
    \nBinlerce y\u0131l boyunca, Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine a\u00e7\u0131lan yollar kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etki b\u0131rakmad\u0131. K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n sakinleri daima da\u011flar\u0131n i\u00e7lerine \u00e7ekildi ve i\u015fgalcilerin g\u00fcc\u00fc azalmaya y\u00fcz tuttu\u011funda yeniden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara indi. Hyrcania\u2019da \u0130skender\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Derbent civar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk fetihlerinin belli belirsiz izlerine rastlan\u0131r ama hepsi bu kadard\u0131r. 1829 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131, uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00c7erkezistan ya da Adige<\/em>\u2019yi fethetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Rusya\u2019ya b\u0131rakt\u0131. Kafkasya\u2019ya haritac\u0131l\u0131k konusunda bilgili casuslar g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti ve 1848 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yazar\u0131n, Britanya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n jestiyle bir kopyas\u0131na ula\u015fabildi\u011fi bir askeri harita bas\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0 Bu harita t\u00fcm eski yer adlar\u0131n\u0131, Ruslar\u0131n 1875 de bile t\u00fcm\u00fcyle tamamlanamam\u0131\u015f olan i\u015fgalinden \u00f6nceki haliyle vermektedir. Bunu,\u00a0 Ptolemy\u2019nin haritas\u0131, Strabo\u2019nun tarifleri,\u00a0 daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ait di\u011fer \u00f6nemli haritalar \u2013 \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Royal Geographic Society<\/em> bu konuda eksiksiz ve son derece de\u011ferli bir koleksiyona sahiptir-\u00a0 ve\u00a0 Nottinhgham, \u0130ngiltere\u2019den Felix Oswald\u2019\u0131n jeoloji haritas\u0131 ile birlikte ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00e7l\u00fc yer ad\u0131 y\u00f6nteminin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli donan\u0131m\u0131 elde etmi\u015f oluruz. <\/p>\n

    Yer Adlar\u0131 ve Mit-Tarih<\/strong>
    \nYazar\u0131n,\u00a0 mitler co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, Sicilya ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Atlantik Okyanusu sahili aras\u0131nda ku\u015fku verici bir bo\u015fluk bulundu\u011fu yolundaki g\u00f6zlemi ve bunun \u00f6nemini fark edi\u015fi, mitlerin uzak bat\u0131 blo\u011funun yanl\u0131\u015f konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bu blo\u011fun asl\u0131nda Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fusundaki eski Atlantik ya da Selentchuk, ya da Aet-Olontchok Okyanusuna\u00a0 ait oldu\u011funun ke\u015ffine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Yunan mitlerinde ve k\u0131stak civar\u0131ndaki di\u011fer topraklar\u0131n edebiyatlar\u0131nda, meydana gelen olaylarla ilintili g\u00f6ndermeler olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, en iyi ve en k\u0131sa sonu alma yolunun t\u00fcm bu g\u00f6ndermeleri toplay\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yapmak oldu\u011fu apa\u00e7\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

    1 Ekim 1925.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

    BAB\u0130LL\u0130 G\u00d6K B\u0130L\u0130MC\u0130LER\u0130N DORUK NOKTASI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Brittanica Ansiklopedisi, Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBabil g\u00f6k bilimi Accadailerin (Agadi) <\/strong>hen\u00fcz da\u011flardaki g\u00fcvenli s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131ndan \u00a0<\/strong>inmedi\u011fi d\u00f6nemlere dayan\u0131r. Doruk noktas\u0131 Babil de\u011fil Elam \u00fczerinde sabitlenmi\u015fti ve \u0131rk\u0131n \u201cDo\u011funun Da\u011f\u0131<\/em> olarak bilinen ilkel anayurdunun g\u00f6k kubbeye destek oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Bu doruk noktas\u0131n\u0131n kesin konumunun belirlenmesi kayda de\u011fer bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131na Anahtar\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 bir makalede, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n orijinal dilinin, Clay\u2019in \u201c Zaman i\u00e7inde bizim i\u00e7in saklanm\u0131\u015f olan ve bizim Fenike dili, Aramaic, \u0130ncil \u0130branicesi vs. adlar\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz Amuraic<\/em>… erken d\u00f6nem Sami\u00a0 dili\u201d oldu\u011fu ve metnin ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fru \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi halde terc\u00fcme edildi\u011fi ve ki\u015fi adlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 dilden farkl\u0131 bir dildeki k\u00f6klerden t\u00fcretilerek yanl\u0131\u015f terc\u00fcme edildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, \u0130.\u00d6. 4000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sezar\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngilizce bir \u00e7evirisinin bulunmas\u0131na ve burada, Sezar ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n mitik adlar oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131p,\u00a0 Sezar ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u015fiddet kullanarak ele ge\u00e7iren\u201d <\/u>(Seizer) ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n \u201cGeni\u015f Kent\u201d (roomy) olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na benzer. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Amuraic<\/em> dilinde \u201cG\u00fcne\u015fin O\u011flu Osiris\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Osiris\u00a0 Urt-ab<\/em> \u201cSo\u011fuk kanl\u0131 Osiris\u201d olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Amuraic dilinde s\u0131k\u00e7a meydana geldi\u011fi gibi heceler yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finde (bak\u0131n\u0131z Jastrow, Bab.&Assyr.<\/em> Sayfa 222 ve Clay, Origin of Bib. Trad.,<\/em> sayfa 167) Ab-Ur\u2019un lakab\u0131 \u00e7evrilmeden\u00a0 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sabah ve ak\u015fam tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 \u0130ris ve Nepthys\u2019e \u201cUr-Urti\u201d tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 denir. Bu terim \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir ancak \u00f6zg\u00fcn Amuraic<\/em> dilindeki anlam\u0131 \u201cI\u015f\u0131k ve Karanl\u0131k\u201dt\u0131r. Qemurte<\/em> \u201cTufan \u015eehri\u201d <\/strong>olarak \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir ama asl\u0131nda \u00e7evrilmemesi gerekirdi \u00fcnk\u00fc buras\u0131 Kemurtu\u2019dur, vesaire.<\/p>\n

    Metnin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131l dil bu bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fcne\u015fin sudan y\u00fckselip (Tanr\u0131 Kha-Ra\u2019n\u0131n, Yunan mitolojisinde Kharon, \u00f6l\u00fcleri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hazar Denizi) Sabah Da\u011f\u0131 Bakhau (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bak\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131) \u00fczerinden ufukta yer alan ve aralar\u0131nda bir bo\u015fluk bulunan s\u0131rada\u011flar (Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Dariel Ge\u00e7idi) boyunca ilerleyerek Temu, Ta-Manu Da\u011f\u0131 (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tamen yar\u0131madas\u0131, G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Temenos\u2019u) \u00fczerinden Maatis Pooluna (Yunanlar\u0131n Maeotis G\u00f6l\u00fc, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Azov Denizi) batt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizli Amen topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Kafkas k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 ya da Yunanl\u0131lar i\u00e7in Aia \u00dclkesi oldu\u011fu ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n Cyrus Vadisine (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kur) ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in son derece kesin yol tarifleri oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n eski ad\u0131 Aetia ve Nil\u2019in eski ad\u0131 Siris oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Rawlinson, Notes to Herodotous, 2.15) ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ile Colchisliler ayn\u0131 \u0131rktan geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in (Herodot 2.104 ve 3.12), M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n eski ana yurdu b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla buras\u0131yd\u0131 (buna inanmak i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok neden vard\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

    B\u00fcy\u00fck bir netlikle sunulmu\u015f olan\u00a0 izlenmesi gereken yol (asl\u0131nda iki yol vard\u0131r ama ben birincil olan\u0131n\u0131 ele almaktay\u0131m) Akdeniz\u2019den Karadeniz\u2019in bat\u0131 sahiline uzanarak, K\u0131r\u0131m k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131 ve Rostow b\u00f6lgesini ge\u00e7ip g\u00f6l ve deniz sistemi boyunca ilerleyerek Hazar Denizinin bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 iner. Buradan Pir-ata \u2013 Ata-ar ya da Sebakhu) \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan Sebartu, Kemartu ve Kau G\u00f6l\u00fcne ve Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. Sonra Kur-Alizon vadisine ve Sakataly\u2019ye iner. Bu yol izlenirken yaln\u0131zca eski yer adlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar en iyi 1885 tarihli Britanya askeri hizmet haritas\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu harita Rusya b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bana bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 veren British war Office<\/em>\u2019e minnetlerimi sunar\u0131m. Olas\u0131l\u0131kla en iyi kopya 1847 tarihli Rus askeri hizmet haritas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkenin Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgalinden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak \u015fu ana kadar bunun bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Strabo ve Plotemy de yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Strabo, Beta kentinin, Plotemy de \u015fu anda Hazar Denizinde Scandrjukjowsk olarak bilinen \u0130skender S\u00fctunlar\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n yerini belirtir. Kerkulijukjowsk bug\u00fcn, klasik atlaslarda Alontas olarak bilinen Ta-lowka\u2019n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, denizden yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 mil i\u00e7eride yer almaktad\u0131r. Shari-Shariket ve Shari-Sapu (bug\u00fcnk adlar\u0131yla Sharidon ve Shari-Suppu) Uluslararas\u0131 haritada\u00a0 38 Kuzey L <\/strong>olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Doruk noktas\u0131na dair bilgilerin bulunmas\u0131 \u015fu nedenle \u00f6nemlidir: Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131 civar\u0131nda Shenacha ve Marazi \u2013G\u00fcne\u015f Da\u011f\u0131 ve Ge\u00e7idi-, <\/strong>Eshagil, Erech, Shirappik, Azar-Akanna, Kassim-kend, Agadi-kend, Kissu, Kurkur ve Apsu \u00fczerinde, ya da Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ucunda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Apsu-Anaki (ve olas\u0131l\u0131kla Enoch ya da Kanach) oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m Konack-kent \u00a0<\/strong>gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc Babil adlar\u0131na rastlar\u0131z. Bu bize Babil ve M\u0131s\u0131r medeniyetlerinin bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc de ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgeyle ilintilidir. Ayr\u0131ca, ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamda Ast-ach-su\u2019ya (Styx) d\u00f6k\u00fclen Kacheten (Cocytus) ve Uroch (Pyriphlegethon) \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lge yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ve Odiseya\u2019n\u0131n Kuban\u2019dan yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftim. Bu konudaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m, beklenenden daha \u00e7abuk bir ilgi ve kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve \u015fu anda \u00f6nc\u00fc bir ke\u015fi grubu g\u00f6nderilmesi \u00f6nerilmektedir. Olanakl\u0131ysa, kaz\u0131lacak yerlerin kesin olarak belirlenmesinin yararlar\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fusunda, bug\u00fcn \u201c\u0130ki Karde\u015f\u201d<\/em> olarak bilinen ve aralar\u0131nda, y\u0131lda bir g\u00fcn, g\u00fcne\u015fin Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fuyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iki ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 ada bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bakhar Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, ilkel bir Stonehenge<\/em> olabilecek garip kayalar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bakhar\u2019\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n doruk noktas\u0131n\u0131 sabitleyen Babilliler\u2019in ilkel g\u00f6zlemevi oldu\u011funa inanmak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli nedenler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    PLATON\u2019NUN S\u00d6ZC\u00dcK B\u0130LMECES\u0130: ATLANT\u0130S<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Platon\u2019nun yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bildi\u011fim hi\u00e7bir bask\u0131s\u0131 Atlantis\u2019e ili\u015fkin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn son derece basit ama ilgi \u00e7ekici ve \u00f6nemli bir \u015fifre bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmez.<\/p>\n

    Verilen adlar\u0131n \u015fifreli oldu\u011funun, bu \u015fifrenin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstatlar\u0131nca \u00a0<\/strong>gayet iyi bilindi\u011finin ve \u015fifrenin \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn adlardan birinin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011funun Platon\u2019ca\u00a0 a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik belirtilmesimesi g\u00f6zlerden nas\u0131l ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Critias<\/em>\u2019\u0131n VII ve VIII. B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmak gerekirse:<\/p>\n

    \u201cBunu anlatmadan \u00f6nce, barbarlara verilen Helen adlar\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011funuzda \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmaman\u0131z i\u00e7in sizi uyarmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u015eiirinde bu \u00f6yk\u00fcden yararlanmak isteyen Solon, adlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc <\/em>konusunda bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131 ve bu ger\u00e7ekleri yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6ken erken d\u00f6nem M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n bu adlar\u0131 kendi dillerine \u00e7evirdiklerini buldu ve her ad\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u00a0 elde ederek bunlar\u0131 kendi dilimizle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131……………….ve kendisinden sonra do\u011fup, miras olarak Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131na do\u011fru uzanan ve nesos\u2019un\u00a0 (topraklar), bug\u00fcn <\/em>o \u00fclkede Gadereica ad\u0131 verilen b\u00f6lge,\u00a0\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc miras alan ikiz karde\u015fine biz Yunanlar\u0131n Emmeleus dedi\u011fi ama o \u00fclke halk\u0131n\u0131n Gaderius olarak bildi\u011fi<\/em> \u00fcnvan\u0131 verdi\u201d.<\/p>\n

    \u201cAdlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u201d \u015fifresi o \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra daha \u00f6nceki ve sonraki \u00e7a\u011flarda bilginlerce kullan\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 bir \u015fifreydi. Bu \u015fifreye g\u00f6re, bir ad\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca orijinal s\u00f6zc\u00fck ile ayn\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 de\u011fil numaraland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan her harfin toplam\u0131n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 rakam\u0131 vermesi gerekiyordu. Berossus\u2019tan bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Eusebi Chronicorum, Liber Piror, Schoene<\/em>, sayfa 14-18.) :<\/p>\n

    \u201cHepsinin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131, ad\u0131 Kildani diline Thalatth ve Yunanca\u2019ya Thalassa olarak \u00e7evrilen ama say\u0131sal dengi Selene<\/em> olan Omorka<\/em> adl\u0131 bir kad\u0131nd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Uluslaras\u0131 say\u0131-harf sistemi, baz\u0131 \u201cy\u00fczler\u201d hanesi harflerine verilen de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00a0<\/strong>de\u011ferler tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu an i\u00e7in\u00a0 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Birler<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
     <\/td>\na<\/td>\nb<\/td>\ng<\/td>\nd<\/td>\ne<\/td>\nF<\/td>\nz<\/td>\ne<\/td>\nth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Onlar<\/td>\ni<\/td>\nk<\/td>\nl<\/td>\nm<\/td>\nn<\/td>\nks<\/td>\no<\/td>\np<\/td>\nkh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u00fczler<\/td>\nr<\/td>\ns<\/td>\nt<\/td>\nu<\/td>\nph<\/td>\nch<\/td>\nps<\/td>\no<\/td>\nsh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    (eski Yunan alfabesindeki alt\u0131nc\u0131 harf F<\/em>\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak v<\/em> ya da w<\/em> al\u0131nabilinir; e<\/em>, eta<\/em>, o<\/em> ise omega<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r)<\/p>\n

    Berossus\u2019un verdi\u011fi \u00f6rne\u011fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Omorka<\/em> 70, 40, 70, 100, 20, 1 say\u0131sal de\u011ferlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 301 eder.\u00a0 Selene<\/em>, 200, 5, 30, 8, 50, 8 say\u0131sal de\u011ferlerini ta\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 da 301 eder. B\u00f6ylece, Selene\u2019nin Omorka\u2019n\u0131n kusursuz \u00e7evirisi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Platon\u2019nun verdi\u011fi ikinci \u00f6rne\u011fe bakarsak \u2013Atlantis\u2019teki adlardan biridir-, Eumeles<\/em>, M\u0131s\u0131r dilindeki Gadeirus<\/em>\u2019un Yunanca \u00e7evirisidir. Unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z ki, \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Solon, Platon\u2019dan bir ka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve daha eski bir Yunanca konu\u015fuyordu. Platon, s\u00f6zc\u00fck yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kendisine aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde vermi\u015f olsa bile, yaz\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla eski moda bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in edit\u00f6rlerince d\u00fczeltilmi\u015fti. Bu nedenle, Yunan gramercilerin bilimsel yaz\u0131m y\u00f6ntemini Solon\u2019un zaman\u0131ndaki eski yaz\u0131m y\u00f6ntemine \u00e7evirmeliyiz. \u015eifrenin kural\u0131na g\u00f6re, Gadeirus ve Eumeles ayn\u0131 anlama gelmelidir. Gaderius M\u0131s\u0131r dilinde bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca \u201cmutlu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen\u00a0 Gad k\u00f6k\u00fc ile ilintilendirilebilir. Bu nedenle, Eumeles \u201cmutlu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmelidir ve Liddell ile Scott\u2019un Yunanca s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Eumeles s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve felsefeci Platon\u2019nun zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan \u015fair Platon taraf\u0131ndan \u201cuyumlu\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. B\u00f6ylece, ilk ko\u015ful yerine gelmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci ko\u015ful i\u00e7in, elimizde, Platon\u2019nun, ad\u0131n Gadeirica \u00fclkesine ait bir \u00fcnvan oldu\u011fu yolundaki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r ve Liddell ile Scott\u2019un s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yeniden bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Gadeirica<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n sakinleri i\u00e7in uygun Yunanca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Gadeireus<\/em> oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniriz. <\/p>\n

    Gadeireus<\/em> 3, 1, 4, 5, 10, 100, 5, 400, 200 de\u011ferlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 728 eder.<\/p>\n

    Eumeles<\/em> 5, 400, 40, 5, 30, 8, 200 de\u011ferlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 688 eder.<\/p>\n

    Say\u0131lar uyumlu de\u011fildir. Ama, Yunanca s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcze bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u201ceu\u201d ve \u201cmelia\u201d k\u00f6klerinden gelen ve gerek vezin tutturmak gerekse kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla M<\/em> harfinin s\u0131k\u00e7a iki kez tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u201ceummelies\u201d ve \u201cemmeles\u201d gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fckler de bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Ayr\u0131ca, Eumeles\u2019in as\u0131l olarak iki m<\/em> ile yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlardan bir tanesinin sonradan gramerciler \u00a0<\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren ba\u015fka izlere rastlar\u0131z. B\u00f6ylece asl\u0131nda elimizde Eummeles<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r ki, 5, 400, 40, 40, 5, 30, 8, 200 ile toplam 728 eder. Bu, Gadeireus<\/em>\u2019un de\u011feriyle ayn\u0131d\u0131r ve ikinci ko\u015ful yerine gelmi\u015ftir; Platon bunu \u00f6rnek olarak verdi\u011fine g\u00f6re zaten \u00f6yle de olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Art\u0131k, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcvenle, \u015fifrenin kalan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zmeye ba\u015flayabiliriz. Gadeireus\u2019un annesi Klito\u2019nun ad\u0131n\u0131 alal\u0131m. S\u00f6zc\u00fck, \u201cson\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir (Yunanca Klitos) Hangi M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201cson\u201d anlamm\u0131na gelmektedir? \u201cIr\u0131s ve Osiris<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 eserinin 38. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Plutarch, \u201cbu nedenle Nephthys\u2019e \u201cson demekte ve onun Typhon\u2019un kar\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemektedirler\u201d der.<\/p>\n

    Klito\u2019nun say\u0131sal de\u011feri 20, 30, 10, 300,800\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 1160 eder. <\/p>\n

    Naphthys<\/em>\u2019in say\u0131sal de\u011feri 50,1,500,9,400, 200\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 1160 eder.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6yleyse, \u015fifrenin do\u011fru \u00e7evirisi budur.<\/p>\n

    Klito Poseidon, eski Yunanca\u2019da Poteidaon, ile evlendi. Poseidon\u2019un M\u0131s\u0131r dilindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Typhon\u2019dur. <\/p>\n

    Poteidaon<\/em>\u2019un say\u0131sal de\u011feri 80,70,300,5,10,4,1,800,50\u2019dir ve toplam 1320 eder.<\/p>\n

    Typhon<\/em>\u2019un say\u0131sal de\u011feri 300,400,500,70,50\u2019dir ve toplam 1320 eder ve Plutarch\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi Nephthys, Typhon ile evlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Atlas, Harmakhis\u2019tir (S\u00fctunlar).<\/p>\n

    Atlas<\/em>\u2019\u0131n say\u0131sal de\u011feri 1,300,30,1,200\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 532 eder.<\/p>\n

    Harmakhis<\/em>\u2019in say\u0131sal de\u011feri 90,1,100,40,1,90,10,200\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 532 eder.<\/p>\n

    \u015eimdi \u00f6yk\u00fcm\u00fcze devam edelim. Di\u011fer adlar\u0131 da \u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde ilgin\u00e7 \u015feyler bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Atlantis kenti, Dariel Ge\u00e7idinin kuzeyindei Pjatigorsk yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki kapl\u0131calar kentiydi. Platon\u2019nun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi bal\u00e7\u0131k araziler bug\u00fcn kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f haldedir. Eski haritalarda, Gadira\u2019y\u0131 Atlantis\u2019in g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    1 Aral\u0131k 1927.
    \n<\/p>\n

    SOLON VE PLATON\u2019NUN S\u00d6Z ETT\u0130\u011e\u0130 TUFAN \u00d6NCES\u0130 D\u00d6NEMDEN MISIRLI ON KRAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n ilk bask\u0131s\u0131nda Atlantis\u2019ten s\u00f6z edilmiyordu. Yinelenen ke\u015fif gezilerinin ard\u0131ndan \u015fu bulgular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: Fenikeliler, Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek Herk\u00fcl S\u00fctunlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <\/em>s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti; ger\u00e7ek s\u00fctunlar, Azov Denizinin \u2013Az-ubbu Bat\u0131 Su Kap\u0131s\u0131, ya da Liman\u0131- giri\u015findeki Boaz Kemmenu\u2019nu ya da Chaminim\u2019inde yer al\u0131yordu. Jeologlar\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi Orta Asya Akdenizi<\/em>, eskiden At-alan-tschack ya da Alan Topraklar\u0131 Denizi olarak biliniyordu; Karadeniz (Ach-Sini) ile At-alan-tschack (\u015fimdi haritalarda Mantu\u015fa G\u00f6lleri olarak g\u00f6sterilen Olont-Chuduck ve Cerber-Jakin) aras\u0131nda, su yoluyla ula\u015f\u0131m vard\u0131; ve \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcneyde, Pyatogorsk yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda, yol daha sonra heyelanla kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kuzey Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki g\u00f6reneklerin, dinsel t\u00f6ren ve ayinlerin, topraklar\u0131n boyut ve konfig\u00fcrasyonunun \u00f6zde\u015fli\u011fi; Strabo ile di\u011ferlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi Diodorus Siculus\u2019da da buran\u0131n Amazonlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesi; \u0130skit \u00dclkesi ile Trakya\u2019dan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 toprak i\u015fgalleri v.b. fakt\u00f6rlerin hepsi konuyla ilgili sonu\u00e7lar verdi. Ancak, bu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dahil edilmesinin ortaya serilen di\u011fer sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kabul\u00fcnde bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131ya yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi hissedildi.<\/p>\n

    Tufan \u00f6ncesi 10 kral yada kabilenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen\u00a0\u00a0 Platon, Berossus\u2019dan y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce yazm\u0131\u015f ve Solon, Jah ve Rahipler listesini derleyen Ezra\u2019dan\u00a0 y\u00fcz elli y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve Babil \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda verilen bilgiler yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fe\u00a0 kadar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa da Platon\u2019nun verdi\u011fi listeyi, Critias\u2019\u0131n VII. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi y\u00f6ntem ile \u00e7evirmek uygun olacakt\u0131r. Dizge \u015fu anda ne denli gereksiz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrse g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u00fcn, tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fczy\u0131llarca kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r Berossus\u2019ta, Omorka, Thalatta ve Selene\u2019nin denklikleri\u00a0 \u00f6rnek olarak verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Platon\u2019dan bir ya da iki \u00f6rnek vermek yeterli olacakt\u0131r. Critis\u2019\u0131n VII. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Platon, Gadeireus<\/em>\u2019un, Eumeles<\/em> ile ayn\u0131 anlam ve say\u0131sal de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle belirtir. Gadeireus<\/em>\u2019un tek bir yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Liddell ve Scott), yani elimizdeki de\u011ferler 3, 1, 4, 5, 10, 100, 5, 400, 200 olmak \u00fczere toplam 728 eder. Eumeles<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ikinci e<\/em> harfinin uzunlu\u011fu konusunda ku\u015fkular olabilir ama Sami dilinden gelen G<\/em>\u2019d k\u00f6k\u00fc \u201ctalihli\u201d ve \u201cg\u00e7l\u201d olmak \u00fczere iki anlama gelmektedir ve k\u0131sa e<\/em> ile yaz\u0131lan Eumeles<\/em> kesinlikle ayn\u0131 anlamlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. B\u00f6ylece elimizdeki de\u011ferler 5, 400, 40, 5, 30, 8, 200 olmak \u00fczere 688 toplam\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. Bu toplam 40 say\u0131 eksiktir. Ama k\u0131sa sesli ile iki m<\/em>\u2019nin kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 beklenir ve Liddell ile Scott\u2019\u0131n Yunanca S\u00f6zl\u00fck<\/em>\u2019leri eumellies<\/em>\u2019in Homeros\u2019dan al\u0131nma bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck oldu\u011funu ve \u201ck\u00fcl olmu\u015f\u201da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini belirtmektedir. Bu ve di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve adlar\u0131n birbirine denk oldu\u011fundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, ikinci M<\/em>\u2019i eklemeye hak kazan\u0131r\u0131z, b\u00f6ylece s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn say\u0131sal de\u011ferine 40 eklenmi\u015f olur ve 728 toplam\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Bu arada, bu ve di\u011fer s\u00f6zc\u00fckler orijinal yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n Platon de\u011fil Solon zaman\u0131ndan gelmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir ve \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn de Solon\u2019un zaman\u0131na uzanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci olarak Klito<\/em>\u2019yu ele alal\u0131m. Klito<\/em>, \u201cson\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir, Nephthys<\/em> de \u00f6yle, (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Budge, \u201c \u201d, sayfa 243). Klito<\/em>\u2019nun say\u0131sal de\u011feri 20, 30, 10, 300, 800\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 1160 eder. Nephthys<\/em>\u2019in say\u0131sal de\u011feri\u00a0 50, 1, 500, 9, 400, 200\u2019d\u00fcr ve toplam 1164 eder. Ama \u201czeytin a\u011fac\u0131nda oturan Osiris\u201din k\u0131zkarde\u015finin ad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Naphthys<\/em> oldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bu da ad\u0131n say\u0131sal de\u011ferini 1160\u2019e denkle\u015ftirir. Ad\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc Herodot\u2019taki Aphetai s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u00a0 (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Herodot<\/em>, 7:183) ve ayr\u0131ca Japhetus, Neptune, Aptu, Apaturia s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Burada k\u00f6k \u201cF-aet\u201dtir.\u00a0 Eski s\u00f6zc\u00fck yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu ve di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rne\u011fi Urmia G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresindeki dillerin incelenmesiyle anla\u015f\u0131labilir, s\u00f6zgelimi\u00a0 iyelik durumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201co\u011flu\u201d, \u00e7ok\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131nda \u201ctanr\u0131s\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n

    Klito\u2019nun kocas\u0131 \u201cD\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsan\u201d Poseidon<\/em>, elbette ki Nephthys<\/em>\u2019in kocas\u0131 Sutekh<\/em>\u2019tir. Poseidon<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn say\u0131sal de\u011feri herhangi bir M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile uygunluk g\u00f6stermez ama Liddell ve Scott\u2019taki eski yaz\u0131l\u0131ma, Poteidaon<\/em>, bakarsak, bunun 1320 de\u011ferini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Sutukh<\/em> ile uygunluk g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini buluruz. Bu konudaki otorite Sydyk<\/em>\u2019t\u0131r. Atlas<\/em>, 532 ile Harmakis<\/em>\u2019e denktir ama ikincisinin ilk H<\/em> harfi g\u0131rtlaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan H<\/em> sesine denk d\u00fc\u015fen KH<\/em> olarak al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda da otorite s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmeyiz. Di\u011fer adlar i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 durum ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu arada, Leucippe\u2019nin mutlak bi\u00e7imde \u201cbeyaz at\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fi, \u201cLeuke\u201dnin \u201ckurt\u201d anlam\u0131na gelebilece\u011fi ve \u201chippo\u201d bile\u015fik s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131kl\u0131kla, hatta daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem adlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda neredeyse daima, Fenikelilerin \u201csu kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d ya da \u201climan\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin Yunancala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hali oldu\u011fu belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Platon\u2019nun \u00e7evirdi\u011fi Tufan \u00f6ncesi on kral\u0131n adlar\u0131, Berossus ve Langdon\u2019un listesiyle, daha sonraki d\u00f6neme ait Jah ve Rahipler listelerinden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uyum i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131, listenin kendi zaman\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lara ait oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki Platon\u2019nun s\u00f6zlerini do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu uyumun, \u00f6zellikle M\u0131s\u0131r dilindeki adlar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlemeleri \u00fczerine yazardan daha fazla bilgi sahibi olan di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmesi tavsiye edilir. Bu not, s\u00f6z konusu uzmanlar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Babil dilleri hakk\u0131nda da bilgisi bulunanlar\u0131n konuya ilgi g\u00f6sterece\u011fi umuduyla yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Aral (Kithay) ve Balka\u015f denizleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131, son zamanlarda jeologlar aras\u0131nda ku\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Ancak bunlar\u0131n, aralar\u0131ndaki onlar\u0131 nerdeyse birbirinden ay\u0131ran \u2013ama tam de\u011fil-\u00a0 uzun Kara-tau yar\u0131madas\u0131yla\u00a0 Kuzey ve Balt\u0131k Denizlerine benzediklerine ili\u015fkin kan\u0131tlar daha sonra sunulacakt\u0131r. Bu noktada,\u00a0 Balka\u015f\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda bulunan ve \u201cEkure Chalcha\u201ddan (E-kur Chalacha, Hole Kabilesinin\u00a0 B\u00fcy\u00fck Evi, ya da Kalesi, ya da Kabile Ba\u015fkenti) binlerce y\u0131l daha eskiye dayanan adlara ve Balka\u015f\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7erilerine do\u011fru uzanan b\u00f6lge adlar\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    MASONLAR \u0130LE MISIRLILARIN \u201cM-S-N\u201d\u0130 ARASINDAK\u0130 KES\u0130N \u00d6ZDE\u015eL\u0130K<\/strong> (Bu makale ilk olarak Mason Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Tutanaklar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>)<\/p>\n

    Giri\u015f
    \n<\/strong>
    \nSami<\/em>\u00a0 <\/strong> dillerde sessiz harflerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r ve eski Sami\u00a0 <\/strong>dillerindeki sessiz harflerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir do\u011fruluk pay\u0131 ile bilindi\u011fine inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, sesli harflerin de\u011ferlerinin belirlenmesi, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle K\u0131pti<\/em> dili \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya bor\u00e7lu olan, son derece yeni bir olgudur. Bu nedenle, M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fczerine yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kitapta, Ari<\/em> ad\u0131na rastlay\u0131p da iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ba\u015fka kitapta ayn\u0131 ad\u0131n, yani ayn\u0131 hiyerogliflerin, Ir<\/em> bi\u00e7iminde yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde aradaki 18 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, ikincisinin daha olas\u0131 bir bi\u00e7em oldu\u011funun ke\u015ffedildi\u011fini anlar\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    Herhangi bir ki\u015fisel \u00f6nyarg\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in, bu makalede, Gardiner\u2019in M\u0131s\u0131r dili \u00fczerine en yeni ve s\u00f6z sahibi eser kabul edilen kitab\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r Grameri<\/em>\u2019nde verdi\u011fi kurallar\u0131 izledim ve ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m hiyeroglifleri s\u00f6z konusu kitapta Gardiner\u2019in verdi\u011fi say\u0131lar ve \u00e7evirileri yine Gardiner\u2019in verdi\u011fi sayfa numaralar\u0131 ile birlikte birlikte sundum.<\/p>\n

    Veriler<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Mason cemiyetinin k\u00f6keninin, Heru-Behuti\u2019nin m\u00fcridi olan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 M-s-n<\/em>\u2019lere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen bir savd\u0131r. Ancak, \u015fu ana dek, buna dair herhangi bir kan\u0131t sunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

    M-s-n <\/em>s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Budge \u201cdemirci\u201d (M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Tanr\u0131lar\u0131, <\/em>cilt I, sayfa 485) Gardiner ise \u201chipopotam avc\u0131s\u0131\u201d (bak\u0131n\u0131z: sayfa 544) ya da \u201cdokumac\u0131 (bak\u0131n\u0131z: sayfa 510) olarak \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    M\u0131s\u0131r dilinde bir k\u00f6k olan m-s<\/em> ayr\u0131ca \u201cgetirmek\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in, <\/p>\n

    M-s-n<\/em>\u2019ler ile Masonlar aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in, ad benzerli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir kan\u0131t yoktur. Eldeki kan\u0131t herhangi bir\u015feyi belirtebilece\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu ba\u011flamda, Kral\u0131n habercileri de onlar\u0131 prototip olarak alabilir.<\/p>\n

    Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131nda <\/em>\u00a0(papir\u00fcs Nebseni) M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 bir Tanr\u0131n\u0131n hiyerogliflerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ad\u0131 ge\u00e7er. Gardiner\u2019in numaral\u0131 listesiyle vermek gerekirse:<\/p>\n

    <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Hiyeroglif<\/em><\/td>\n Okunu\u015fu<\/em><\/td>\n \u00c7evirisi\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n Gardiner\u2019in sayfa no<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0D 4,\u00a0G\u00f6z<\/td>\n\u00a0Ir<\/td>\n\u00a0Her \u015feyi yapan<\/td>\n443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0G 17,\u00a0Bayku\u015f<\/td>\n\u00a0em<\/td>\n\u00a0g\u00f6re<\/td>\n542<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0F 34, Kalp<\/td>\n\u00a0ab<\/td>\n\u00a0arzusuna<\/td>\n534<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0I\u00a0 9, Engerek<\/td>\n\u00a0f<\/td>\n\u00a0kendi<\/td>\n542<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    ya da Ir-em-ab-f,<\/strong> \u201cHer \u015feyi arzusuna g\u00f6re yapan\u201d: Mucit bir tanr\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131 <\/em>adl\u0131 eserden onun hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey daha \u00f6\u011freniriz. 125. b\u00f6l\u00fcmden onun, \u201cOlumsuz \u0130tiraf\u201d\u0131 alan 42 yarg\u0131\u00e7tan biri, otuzalt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniriz. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, o,\u00a0 bir tanr\u0131, ya da olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u015f\u00f6hretli mimar ve sa\u011falt\u0131c\u0131 I-em-hotep<\/em> gibi tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ki\u015fiydi. (Budge, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Tanr\u0131lar\u0131, <\/em>cilt I, sayfa 522)<\/p>\n

    125. b\u00f6l\u00fcmden onun \u201cTebti \u015fehrinden geldi\u011fini\u201d ve 110. b\u00f6l\u00fcmden mavi g\u00f6zleri oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniriz.<\/p>\n

    Bilindi\u011fi gibi, M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birden \u00e7ok ad\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n 142. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Osiris\u2019e verilen adlar\u0131n listesine bak\u0131n. Osiris i\u00e7in orada,
    \n(B\u00f6l\u00fcm 5) kullan\u0131lan adlardan biri An-mut-f-abur<\/em>\u2019dur ve bu \u015fu anda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z adla ayn\u0131 tiptedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu tanr\u0131 ya da tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f varl\u0131k i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f adlardan di\u011ferlerini bulabilir miyiz? Hangi mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc mucit tanr\u0131n\u0131n Tebti kentinde tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r?<\/p>\n

    Tebti<\/em>, Herodot\u2019un Tanis<\/em>\u2019i, \u0130branilerin Zoan<\/em>\u2019\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cam ve \u00f6mlek \u00fcretim merkeziydi ve g\u00f6rkemli bir tersaneye sahipti. Numbers <\/em>cilt III, 22. buran\u0131n \u0130brahim\u2019in zaman\u0131ndan daha eski oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. (Smith, Klasik Co\u011frafya S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>, altba\u015fl\u0131k Tanis). Bu nedenle mucit bir tanr\u0131dan s\u00f6z edilmesi do\u011fald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Budge\u2019\u0131n \u00a0M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 <\/em>adl\u0131 eseri i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paha bi\u00e7ilmez indeksi a\u00e7arsak, Tanis\u2019te tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 bulunan tanr\u0131 olarak bir tek Horus Behutet\u2019in verildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

    Smith\u2019in Klasik Co\u011frafya S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>\u2019nde, Tanis\u2019teki tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n Tanr\u0131 Ptah\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu belirtilir. Ptah<\/em> da mucit bir tanr\u0131yd\u0131 ve Heru<\/em> ya da s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan bi\u00e7imiyle Horus Behutet<\/em> ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da ona tap\u0131nma gelene\u011fi Horus<\/em>\u2019a tap\u0131nma gelene\u011finin yerini alm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Her ko\u015fulda, \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Tanis\u2019te tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 bulunan mucit tanr\u0131 Horus\u2019tu ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/em>, Ptah<\/em>\u2019\u0131n Mempis\u2019<\/strong>teki tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. <\/p>\n

    \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131\u2019<\/em>nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en tek mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc tanr\u0131n\u0131n Horus<\/em> oldu\u011funu bulup (\u201cSize mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc Horus geldi\u201d, b\u00f6l\u00fcm 177, sat\u0131r 7), ve \u00f6zellikle, Horus<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fclerin 42 yarg\u0131c\u0131 listesinde, 125. b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u0130remabf <\/em>ile birlikte yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kimlik belirleme i\u015flemi t\u00fcmden tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olur.\u00a0 Bu bulgu, An-mut-fab-ur\u2019<\/em>un Osiris\u2019in di\u011fer bir ad\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi, (b\u00f6l\u00fcm 142) Iremabf<\/em>\u2019\u0131n da Horus<\/em> i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir ad oldu\u011fu sonucunu destekler. <\/p>\n

    Iremabf<\/em>\u2019\u0131 Horus Behutet<\/em> ile bu bi\u00e7imde \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdikten sonra, Heru-Behutet ya da Iremabf\u2019\u0131n Mesen\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 son derece ilgimizi \u00e7ekecek bir konudur.<\/p>\n

    Budge, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Tanr\u0131lar\u0131, <\/em>(cilt I, sayfa 476) adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda bunlara geni\u015f yer ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in burada t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 vermeme gerek yok ve elinizdeki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yeterli uzunlukta oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

    M-s-n<\/em> ya da eksik sesli harfleri kabul edilmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemle tamamlarsak Mesen<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anlam\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Fenike dilleri ile di\u011fer Sami\u00a0 <\/strong>dillerdeki k\u00f6kler ve s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir incelemeden sonra, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn herhangi bir mesle\u011fe de\u011fil bir alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi konuma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi\u00a0 s\u00f6ylenebilir. <\/p>\n

    M-s<\/em> k\u00f6k\u00fc \u00fcretmek, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir (Gardiner, sayfa 544 ve di\u011ferleri). \u201cunsur<\/em>\u201d <\/strong>s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iyi bir \u00e7eviri olurdu, eski topluluklar\u0131n unsurlar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ya da ustaba\u015f\u0131 olsayd\u0131 tabii. Olas\u0131l\u0131kla b\u00f6yleydiler. Her ko\u015fulda, Mesen<\/em>, yap\u0131lan i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131na bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n, usta bir zanaatkar anlam\u0131na gelir. Edfu\u2019da hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz demirciydiler, ama ba\u015fka \u015fehirlerde duvarc\u0131l\u0131k (masonluk) ya da ba\u015fka zanaatlarla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f olabilirler.<\/p>\n

    Hiyeroglif yaz\u0131da, hiyeroglif \u015feyin kendisini temsil ediyordu. Bu nedenle \u201cher\u015feyi yapan tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Masonlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir simge olan g\u00f6z (Gardiner, D, 4) ile ifade edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Ayr\u0131ca, M-s-n<\/em>\u2019in i\u00e7i\u00e7ndeki M-s<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7 tilkinin derisinden yap\u0131lan bir i\u015f \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir (Gardiner, F,31). Bunlar t\u00fcm\u00fcyle rastlant\u0131 olabilir ama aralar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 olmas\u0131 daha olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n


    \nSonu\u00e7<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>Iremabf <\/em>s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, kendi Mason tarikat\u0131m\u0131z ile Eski M\u0131s\u0131rdaki usta zanaatkarlar\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu Mesen<\/em> tarikat\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlar\u0131 var g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. <\/p>\n

    Ekler
    \n<\/strong>
    \nSur \u015eehri Kral\u0131 ile olan ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 belirli \u015feyleri a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in uydurulmu\u015f bir \u00f6yk\u00fc say\u0131p reddetmek do\u011fal olabilir. Mesen<\/em>\u2019lerin hanedan \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde, K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz\u2019den gelen ve \u00f6l\u00fc ge\u00e7ip Thebes <\/strong>yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Nil Nehrine varan\u00a0 i\u015fgalciler oldu\u011fu (Budge, Gods of Egypt, <\/em>cilt I, sayfa 485) kuram\u0131 geli\u015fene dek ben de \u00f6yle hissediyordum.<\/p>\n

    Dokuz y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Fenikelilerin bu yoldan geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdim (Kafkas K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/em> bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fckenmi\u015ftir ama British Museum, Atheneum ve di\u011fer k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde bulunabilir). Fenikelilerin kendi ana yurtlar\u0131 olan Stagnum Assyrum\u2019<\/strong>da bir Sur \u015fehri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Iremabf bu as\u0131l Sur\u2019un kral\u0131 olabilir ama elimizde buna dair kan\u0131t bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci Chronicles\u2019daki (ii.13) \u00e7o\u011funlukla Hir-am-bi olarak yaz\u0131lan Hur-am-bi ad\u0131, Fenike dilindeki adlar\u0131n iyi bilinen bir grubuna girmektedir. Abi-baal ile Huram\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 olan Abi-is\u2019i\u00a0 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z. (Rosenberg, Phoenician Dictionary<\/em>, sayfa 70 ve Century Bible<\/em>, <\/strong>Chronicles, <\/em>sayfa 184). \u201cHurom benim babam\u201d, yani vasim ya da koruyucum. Ama \u201cabi\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Horus Behutet\u2019in dul annesinin ad\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msatan bir ipucu olabilir \u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcrden kullan\u0131mlara eski dinsel t\u00f6renlerde olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ocak, 1932.<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a><\/strong> Eski Kabartay-Balkar \u00d6zerk Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde kuzey ve kuzey bat\u0131da yer alan Kabartay Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 boydan boya ge\u00e7erek Hazar Denizine d\u00f6k\u00fclen \u0131rmak. Terek Irma\u011f\u0131 \u00c7erek, \u00c7egem, Baksan ve Malka \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    [2]\u00a0<\/strong> Yunanca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r tarihi ile tan\u0131nan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 rahip. I.Patolemaios i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihin ancak baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar Josephos\u2019un Pros Apiona <\/em>adl\u0131 incelemesindeki an-lat\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 ile s\u00fclaleler, Firavunlar ve saltanat d\u00f6nemlerine ait \u00e7izelgelerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan bu par\u00e7alar Manethon\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam yerel kaynaklara dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0 Romal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i (330-395).<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/strong> Flavios \u0130osephos,<\/em> Latince Flavius Josephus<\/em>, \u0130branice Mattitiyahu Ben Yasef\u00a0 Hakohen, Yasef ben Mattias<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 adlar\u0131yla bilinen Yahudi din adam\u0131, bilgin, tarih\u00e7i ve asker. (do\u011fumu 37\/38 Kud\u00fcs \u2013 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 100 Roma). En \u00f6nemli yap\u0131t\u0131 93 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 ciltlik \u0130oudaike Aarkhaiologia\u2019da <\/em>\u00a0(Yahudilerin Tarihi) yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015fdan ba\u015flayarak\u00a0 66-70 aras\u0131ndaki ayaklanman\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesine\u00a0 de\u011fin Yahudi tarihini anlat\u0131r. Yap\u0131t\u0131n Latince ad\u0131 Antiquitates Judaicae<\/em>\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> <\/strong>Pentateukhos , (Yunanca\u2019da be\u015f kitap), Tevrat\u0131\u2019n Hz.Musa\u2019ya vahyedildi\u011fine inan\u0131lan Tekvin, \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, Llevililer, Ssay\u0131lar ve Tesniyet ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ilk be\u015f kitapdan olu\u015fan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> <\/strong>Alta-hasis\u00a0 \u00e7ok bilge\u201d \u0130nsanl\u0131k durumunu ele alan bir Mezopotamya mitinin kahraman\u0131. Tanr\u0131lar kendilerine besin sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem k\u0131tl\u0131k, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k ve tufan gibi afetlerle yok ederler. Alta-hasis her seferinde tanr\u0131 Enki taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a><\/strong> Sarmatya\u00a0 26-27 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce olu\u015fan kaya katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc. Pontiyen kat\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve Tortoniyen kat\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer alan Sarmatiyen kat ad\u0131n\u0131 eski Sarmat kabilelerinin \u00fclkesi olan Sarmatia\u2019dan al\u0131r (bug\u00fcn Rusya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde). Bu d\u00f6nemde pek \u00e7ok alan okyanusun alt\u0131ndan yava\u015f yava\u015f y\u00fckselerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kan kara par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki birbirinden kopuk i\u00e7 denizler ve buralara akan \u0131rmaklar vard\u0131. (\u00e7.n.)<\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a><\/strong> Pheathon (\u201cParlayan\u201d \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7an\u201d) Yunan mitolojisinde G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Helios\u2019un Kleymene ad\u0131nda bir kad\u0131n ya da nypha<\/em>\u2019dan do\u011fma o\u011flu. Babas\u0131 belli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisiyle alay edilince annesinden babas\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi Helios\u2019 gider. Bunu do\u011frulayan Helios z\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in istedi\u011fi her \u015feyi verebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve g\u00fcne\u015fin arabas\u0131 ile bir g\u00fcn boyunca g\u00f6klerde dola\u015fmas\u0131na izin verir. Ama Pheton araban\u0131n atlar\u0131n\u0131 dizginleyemez ve araba d\u00fcnyaya fazla yakla\u015farak onu savunmaya ba\u015flar. Bunun \u00fczerinhe Zeus bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6ndererek Pheton\u2019u d\u00fcnyaya Eridanos \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a><\/strong> Bitumen Yollar\u0131n kaplanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan (katran, asfalt) gibi bir madde.<\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a><\/strong> pylon \u2013 Bir\u00a0 k\u00f6pr\u00fc ya da caddenin ba\u015f taraflar\u0131na in\u015fa olmu\u015f d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f ayak bi\u00e7iminde s\u00fcs b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> <\/strong>Berossus, Berossos ya da\u00a0 Bel-Asur bi\u00e7iminde de yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Babil uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin bilgileri Eski Yunanl\u0131lara aktaran Kaldeli Bel rahibi. Babil uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda \u00e7 ciltlik Yunanca bir yap\u0131t yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asur K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0 tarih ve kronolojisini kapsayan ikinci ve \u00fcnc\u00fc ciltler \u201cTufandan \u00f6nceki on kral\u201d la ba\u015flar. Daha sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla tufan olay\u0131n\u0131, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden kurulu\u015funu, \u201ctufandan sonra\u201d gelen krallar\u0131 vb. anlat\u0131r. Akad dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7iviyaz\u0131s\u0131 metinler Berossus \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00fcde do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Reginald Aubrey Fessenden Çeviri: Işıtan Gündüz Deluged Civilization of the Caucaus Isthmus’da (Kafkas Kıstağının Batık Uygarlığı) yazar, kısa süre önce Kafkas kıstağının Babil ve Mısır’dan binlerce yıl önce büyük uygarlıkların beşiği olabileceğine; bu uygarlıkların kendi kayıtlarını tuttuklarına; ve bu kayıtların Terek[1] ve Sunsha arasındaki adacık ile yukarı Alizon vadisinde bulunduğuna ilişkin kayıtlar sunmuştur. Keşif gezileri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11405"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11407,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11405\/revisions\/11407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}