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Minidev.com<\/span> Ermeni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Kurumlar\u0131 Yeni d\u00f6nem \u00f6ncesi k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131 genel anlamda okullara yard\u0131m etmek d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, okul olmayan y\u00f6relerde okul a\u00e7ma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bulunur. Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr yay\u0131lma d\u00f6nemi Tanzimat’la (1839) ba\u015flar, 1880’li y\u0131llarda son bulur. 1881’de okul ve dernek salonlar\u0131nda toplant\u0131 ve konu\u015fma d\u00fczenlemek yasaklan\u0131r. 1882’de Bab\u0131ali t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n listesini, ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve maddi durum raporlar\u0131n\u0131 ister. 1895-1908 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131 durmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n \n Getronagan Okulu<\/p>\n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Galata’da 41, Pera’da (Beyo\u011flu) 84, Ferik\u00f6y’de 10, Pangalt\u0131’da 4, Dolapdere’de 2, \u015ei\u015fli’de 7, Sak\u0131za\u011fac\u0131’nda 1, Taksim’de 2, Be\u015fikta\u015f’ta 21, Ortak\u00f6y’de 29, Kuru\u00e7e\u015fme’de 3, Arnavutk\u00f6y’de 5, Rumelihisar’da 9, Boyac\u0131k\u00f6y’de 6, \u0130stinye’de 1 Yenik\u00f6y’de 2, B\u00fcy\u00fckdere’de 5, Sar\u0131yer Yenimahalle’de 2, Beykoz’da 6, Kandilli’de 1, Kuzguncuk’ta 3, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Selams\u0131z’da 53, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Yenimahalle’de 20, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u0130cadiye’de 4, Haydarpa\u015fa’da 1, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y’de 27, Kartal’da 2, K\u0131nal\u0131ada’da 3, Tophane’de 1, Etmeydan\u0131’nda 5, Hask\u00f6y’de 33, Ey\u00fcp’te 7, Balat’ta 20, Karag\u00fcmr\u00fck’te 7, Salmatomruk’ta 10, Topkap\u0131’da 14, Samatya’da (Kocamustafapa\u015fa) 39, Narl\u0131kap\u0131’da 4, Samatya Yenimahalle’de 3, Gedikpa\u015fa’da 17, Kumkap\u0131’da 43, Kumkap\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 3, Makrik\u00f6y’de (Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y) 14, Yenikap\u0131’da 21, Langa ve Musalla’da 10, Ayastefanos’ta (Ye\u015filk\u00f6y) 2, Yedikule’de 1, Ni\u015fanca’da 1, Be\u015fikta\u015f’ta 1 Kas\u0131mpa\u015fa’da 1, semti saptanamayan 77 olmak \u00fczere toplam 688 Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumu vard\u0131. \u0130stanbul’daki Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kilise korolar\u0131n\u0131n yeri b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kurulan d\u00fczenli kilise korolar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ilkler Kumkap\u0131’daki Surp Asdvadzadzin Patriklik, Samatya’daki Surp Kevork ve Balat Surp Hre\u015fdagabed kiliseleri korolar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 5 \u015eubat 1811’de Patrik XI. Hovhannes \u00c7ama\u015f\u0131rc\u0131yan d\u00f6neminde ilk Ermeni kilisesi koro t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yay\u0131mlan\u0131r. Surp Asdvadzadzin Bas\u0131mevi’nde yay\u0131mlanan bu 9 maddelik t\u00fcz\u00fckten yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u00fcz\u0131l sonra, Patrik I. Ma\u011fakya Ormanyan d\u00f6neminde korolara \u00f6nem verilerek yeni bir y\u00f6netmelik haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. 70 maddelik bu t\u00fcz\u00fck 5 \u015eubat 1904’te onaylanarak yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1906’da Kumkap\u0131’daki Patriklik Kilisesi Korosu 70 ki\u015filik bir grup kurarak Magar Yegmalyan’\u0131n armonize etti\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 sesli badara\u011f\u0131 okur. 1906’da Galata Surp Krikor Lusavori\u00e7 Kilisesi Korosu, Levon \u00c7ilingiryan’\u0131n, Be\u015fikta\u015f Surp Asdvadzadzin Kilisesi Korosu, Aram P\u0131j\u0131\u015fgyan’\u0131n Yenikap\u0131 Kilise Korosu ise Yegmalyan’\u0131n famin\u00f6r-karma armonizasyonlu badara\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretirler.<\/p>\n Bu \u00e7abalar sayesinde Ermeni Kilisesinin di\u011fer baz\u0131 ayinleri de \u00e7oksesli olarak armonize edilerek uzun y\u0131llar okunur. Bu korolar dinsel m\u00fczik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda halk m\u00fczi\u011fini de ba\u015far\u0131 ile okuyup bir\u00e7ok konser d\u00fczenlerler.<\/p>\n Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131ndan hemen sonra kilise korolar\u0131nda tekrar canlanma ba\u015flar. Yeni korolar kurulur, eskiler yenilenir. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde kurulan ilk kilise korosu, Kumkap\u0131 Patriklik Kilisesi Korosu \u00fcyelerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu Ko\u011ftan Kilise Korosu’dur (1924). Operaya da bir\u00e7ok solistler yeti\u015ftiren kilise korolar\u0131n\u0131n son y\u00f6netmelikleri 27 Aral\u0131k 1991’de Patriklik Ruhani Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan onaylanarak 1992’de yay\u0131mlan\u0131r. 1994’te \u0130stanbul’da 20 kilise korosu faaliyettedir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin ya\u015fayan di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131, okullardan yeti\u015fenler dernekleridir. Bunlar k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ama\u00e7l\u0131 konser, panel, a\u00e7\u0131koturum, konferans, g\u00f6steri ve sergiler d\u00fczenlerler. 1994’te bu t\u00fcrden faaliyette bulunan dernek say\u0131s\u0131 25’tir.<\/p>\n Ermeni M\u00fczi\u011fi<\/b><\/p>\n \u0130stanbul’un \u00e7okrenkli k\u00fclt\u00fcr evreninde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc tonlar\u0131yla varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en belirgin par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan bir mimari ise, di\u011feri de ku\u015fkusuz musikidir. Dind\u0131\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klarla payla\u015fan Ermeniler, y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l dinsel k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini d\u0131\u015f etkilere kar\u015f\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Ermeni besteciler musiki etkinliklerini daha \u00e7ok klasik T\u00fcrk musikisi, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan sonra da klasik Bat\u0131 musikisi kulvar\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Dinsel musikideki kapal\u0131l\u0131k ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir repertuar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011framadan ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, Ermeni musikisinin klasik Bat\u0131 musikisi repertuar\u0131 T\u00fcrk musikisindekine oranla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kal\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise, hem T\u00fcrk Musikisi, hem de geleneksel m\u00fczik t\u00fcrlerinde eserler veren \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u015fu\u011f (a\u015f\u0131k) ve bestekar\u0131n ad\u0131, \u00fcnl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Kevork Pamukciyan’\u0131n derledi\u011fi belgelerde zikredilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Zilciyan gibi Ermeni k\u00f6kenli ailelerin ve ustalar\u0131n geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcretti\u011fi kimi enstr\u00fcmanlar, halen d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131n\u0131r ve kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dinsel M\u00fczik<\/p>\n <\/b>Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesi ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde musikisini, alfabesini ve ayin kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00fcryaniler ve Yunanl\u0131larla s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki kurdu. Ermeni kilisesinin bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Surp Mesrop Ma\u015ftotz’un Ermeni alfabesini geli\u015ftirerek S\u00fcryanice ve Yunanca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ok dinsel ve dind\u0131\u015f\u0131 eserin \u00e7evirisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesiyle sona erdi.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu de\u011fi\u015fimler, Ermeni dinsel musiki tarihini kabaca \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ay\u0131r\u0131r: 4-12. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda S\u00fcryani ve Yunan etkisi alt\u0131ndaki birinci d\u00f6nem; 12. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadarki, Ermeni halk musiki ile dinsel musikinin yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ermeni liturji (ayin d\u00fczeni) musikisinin son \u015feklini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci d\u00f6nem; 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadarki, \u00e7oksesli musikinin kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nem.<\/p>\n Ermeni kilise musikisinde “\u015faragan”, “me\u011feti”, “yerk”, “da\u011f”, “gandz” gibi ilahi formlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda “badarak” ve “da\u011favar” (b\u00fcy\u00fck bayramlar) gibi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 formlar da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel ibadet bi\u00e7imlerinden biri olan ve “Hz. \u0130sa’\u0131n\u0131n son ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi”nde ekmek ile \u015farab\u0131 kendi bedeni ve kan\u0131 olarak havarilerine sunu\u015funu anlatmak amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen kom\u00fcnyon ayini, Ermenice “badarak” (kurban) diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar Ermeni kiliselerinde, “ana melodi” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu badarak bestesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teksesli makamsal ve anonim bir beste olan “ana melodi”nin ilk kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih kesin olarak bilinmiyor. Ancak son \u015feklini 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131yor. Badarak ayini 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7ok sesli olarak icra edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Badarak melodilerinin manevi \u00f6nemi ve say\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130stanbul Patriklik Ruhani Meclisi, d\u00fczenledi\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye Ermeni Kilisesi Korolar T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’nun 58. maddesiyle kilise korolar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dokuz badarak melodisini kullanmalar\u0131na izin vermi\u015ftir: 1-Ana melodi (Mayr Ye\u011fanag), 2- Gomidas melodisi, 3- Yegmalyan melodisi, 4- \u00c7ulhayan melodisi, 5- \u00c7ilingiryan meodisi, 6- Bartevyan melodisi, 7- Manasyan melodisi, 8- Atmac\u0131yon melodisi, 9- Horenyan melodisi.<\/p>\n Ermeni kilisesi geleneksel musikisinde, S\u00fcryani ve Rum kiliselerinde oldu\u011fu gibi ba\u015fl\u0131ca sekiz makam kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla, ayp tza, ayp gen, pen tza, pen gen, kim tza, kim gen, ta tza ve ta gen adlar\u0131n\u0131 alan makamlard\u0131r. Her makam 8 sesten olu\u015fur. Her makam dizisini bir biti\u015f -ya da ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7- (finalis) ve bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc (dominant) notas\u0131 belirler. Bu sekiz makam, klasik T\u00fcrk musikisinde kullan\u0131lan heftgah, \u015fedacem, h\u00fcseyni, acema\u015firan, hicaz, saba, neva ve u\u015f\u015fak makamlar\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/span><\/p>\n \u015earaganlar her hafta ya da her g\u00fcn s\u0131rayla yar\u0131 makamlardan okunur. Her y\u0131l Paskalya g\u00fcn\u00fc birinci g\u00fcn olarak kabul edilir ve \u015faraganlar birinci s\u0131radaki makamdan okunmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7oksesli olarak, Bat\u0131 nota yaz\u0131m sistemiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f badaraklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan formlar\u0131n besteleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kulaktan kula\u011fa aktar\u0131larak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kim taraf\u0131ndan ve hangi tarihte geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi bilinemeyen “Khaz” nota yaz\u0131m sisteminin en eski \u00f6rne\u011fine 9. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma elyazmalar\u0131nda rastlan\u0131r. Bu sistemde yakla\u015f\u0131k 26 i\u015faretten ba\u015fka Ermeni alfabesinin 12 \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kesin ses y\u00fcksekli\u011fini (pitch) g\u00f6stermeyen Khaz nota yaz\u0131m sistemi makamsal sisteme g\u00f6re belirlenmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde yorumda serbest \u00e7e\u015fitlemelere izin verir. Khaz nota yaz\u0131m sistemi 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren daha karma\u015f\u0131k hale gelmi\u015f ve sonunda kilise icralar\u0131 i\u00e7in tam bir bilmeceye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Venedik St. Lazzaro’daki Ermeni Mekhitarist Manast\u0131r\u0131 17. yy Va\u011far\u015fabat gelene\u011fine uygun Khaz nota yaz\u0131m sistemini kullanan tek yer olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7ok kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve \u00f6\u011frenilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7 olan eski sistem yerine seslerin ve s\u00fcrelerin daha kesin i\u015faretlerle g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi, daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r yeni bir nota yaz\u0131m sistemi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flayan Hampartzum Limoncuyan (1768-1839), 1813 dolaylar\u0131nda kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi nota yaz\u0131m sistemini geli\u015ftirdi. Hamparsum sistemi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Khaz sistemindeki i\u015faretlerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ancak, bu i\u015faretlerin Hamparsum sistemindeki anlamlar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki oktavl\u0131k bir ses geni\u015fli\u011fi olan bu sistem, sesleri ve s\u00fcreleri g\u00f6steren i\u015faretlerle, diyez, sus, tekrar ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc i\u015faretlerinden olu\u015fur. Bu i\u015faretler hecelerin \u00fczerine gelecek \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilir. Hamparsum nota yaz\u0131m sistemiyle yaln\u0131z Ermeni musikisi de\u011fil, bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk musikisi eseri de notaya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece say\u0131s\u0131z eser g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fabilmi\u015ftir. E\u00e7miyazdin Ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fi ile Kud\u00fcs Patrikli\u011fi’nde hala Hamparsum sistemi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ermeni Yemekleri<\/b><\/p>\n Topik Malzemeler: (12 ki\u015filik) Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131: Patatesleri kabuklar\u0131 ile birlikte ha\u015flay\u0131n. Bir gece \u00f6nceden \u0131slatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z nohutu, iyice pi\u015firin. Kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 soydu\u011funuz patatesleri p\u00fcre haline getirin. Nohutlar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, tek tek kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 temizleyerek iyice ezin ve p\u00fcre k\u0131vam\u0131na getirin. So\u011fanlar\u0131 ince ince do\u011fray\u0131n, tuzsuz olarak ha\u015flay\u0131n. Pi\u015fen so\u011fan\u0131 s\u00fczgece koyup suyundan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131n. So\u011fan suyunu saklay\u0131n. Patates ve nohut p\u00fcresini birle\u015ftirip i\u00e7ine 2 ka\u015f\u0131k tahin, 1 tatl\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 tuz ve 1 ka\u015f\u0131k so\u011fan suyu ilave edin. Bu p\u00fcreyi bir s\u00fcre serin bir yerde dinlendirin. Suyundan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f so\u011fana tahta bir ka\u015f\u0131k ile tahini yedirin, i\u00e7ine \u015feker, 1 tatl\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 tuz, tar\u00e7\u0131n, kara biber, yeni bahar ve dolmal\u0131k f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilave edin. Dinlendirdi\u011finiz p\u00fcreden avu\u00e7 i\u00e7i b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir top alarak 2 temiz bezin aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirin. Bu topu, oklava ile a\u00e7arak bir dikd\u00f6rtgen elde edin. Daha sonra bezlerin aras\u0131ndan al\u0131p, i\u00e7ine bir miktar so\u011fan koyarak boh\u00e7a haline getirin. B\u00fct\u00fcn p\u00fcreyi ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde so\u011fanlarla birle\u015ftirip boh\u00e7alar olu\u015fturun. Yeniden serin bir yere al\u0131n ve iyice dinlendirin. \u0130kram ederken \u00fczerine tar\u00e7\u0131n serpmeyi unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n Khavidz Malzemeler: (8 ki\u015filik) Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131: S\u00fct\u00fc, \u015fekeri ve vanilyay\u0131 birlikte kaynat\u0131n. \u00c7ok k\u0131s\u0131k ate\u015fte, unun rengini koyula\u015ft\u0131rmadan 20 dakika kavurun. Kaynam\u0131\u015f s\u00fct\u00fc azar azar d\u00f6kerek una yedirin. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n boza k\u0131vam\u0131na gelmesine dikkat edin. Tercihan ufak bir bak\u0131r tencereyi veya f\u0131r\u0131na girebilecek bir kab\u0131 ya\u011flay\u0131p irmikleyin. Khavits hamurunu d\u00f6k\u00fcn, k\u0131s\u0131k ate\u015fte \u00fcst\u00fc nar gibi k\u0131zarana kadar pi\u015firin. Pi\u015ftikten sonra ters \u00e7evirin ve servis yap\u0131n. Servis s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fczerine tar\u00e7\u0131n ekebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n Aileler ve \u0130nsanlar Bazen toplumlar\u0131n kaderleri, bireylerin karar ve e\u011filimlerinde gizlidir. Bu yaz\u0131da tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7a\u0131l\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iki isim de \u00fclkemizdeki Ermeni cemaatinin gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in birer kilometre ta\u015f\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u0130lkin, Fatih Sultan Mehmet ile yak\u0131nl\u0131k kurarak Ermeni cemaatinin \u0130stanbul’a, payitahta yerle\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca \u015f\u00f6hret sahibi olan I. Hovagim, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile de, ilk \u0130stanbul Ermeni patri\u011fidir. Hayat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok az \u015fey bildi\u011fimiz I. Hovagim’in, \u0130stanbul’un fethinden \u00f6nce K\u00fctahya, Bursa, Filibe ve Konstantinopolis episkoposlu\u011fu ve ruhani \u00f6nderli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hovagim, fetih \u00f6ncesinde II. Mehmed’le (Fatih) tan\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bir dostluk d\u00f6neminden sonra, rivayete g\u00f6re fetih olay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kehanet \u00fczerine Fatih ile daha da samimi oldu. Kimi kaynaklara g\u00f6re sadece bu samimiyeti y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i kabul edebilece\u011fimiz di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re ise yeni ba\u015fkentte bulunan yerli Rum \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sad\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenilir bir tebaa ile dengelemek i\u00e7in Fatih Bursa’dan Ermeni aileler getirtti ve bunun i\u00e7in I. Hovagim’in g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yararland\u0131.<\/p>\n Fatih, Ermeni halk\u0131n ruhani \u00f6nderli\u011fini temin amac\u0131yla 1461 ‘de Ermeni Patrikli\u011fi’ni kurmas\u0131na destek oldu. Eski dostu olan Bursa ruhani \u00f6nderi Episkopos Hovagim’i de \u0130stanbul’a getirterek bu yeni makama atad\u0131. Kendisine “Patrik” s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, zaten \u0130stanbul\u2019da mevcut bulunan Rum patri\u011fine e\u015fde\u011fer haklar tan\u0131d\u0131. Daha sonraki tarihlerde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015flettik\u00e7e, fethedilen b\u00f6lgelerdeki Ermeni halk\u0131 \u0130stanbul’a getirilerek yerle\u015ftirildi. 1475’te K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131’ndaki Kefe \u015fehrinden getirilen Ermeniler, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131radad\u0131rlar. B\u00f6ylece ba\u015fkentin Ermeni n\u00fcfusu, bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n I. Hovagim, 1474’te, (Kimi kaynaklara g\u00f6re ise 1477’de) vefat eder. Di\u011fer baz\u0131 kaynaklar ise \u0130stanbul Ermeni toplumunun ikinci patri\u011fi olan Episkopos I. Nigogayos’un patrikli\u011fe se\u00e7ili\u015f tarihini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak 1478 tarihini I. Hovagim’in \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi olarak kabul etmeyi do\u011fru bulurlar. I. Hovagim, fetihten sonra \u0130stanbul’da Ermeni Patrikli\u011fi’nin kurulmas\u0131ndaki etkin rol\u00fc, yeni kurulan \u0130stanbul Ermeni cemaatinde yap\u0131lan ilk d\u00fczenleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki \u00e7abalar\u0131yla tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n En az Hovagim kadar \u00f6nemli olan ve cemaatinin kaderini etkileyen ba\u015fka bir patrik de IX. Hovhannes’tir. \u0130stanbul Ermeni Patrikli\u011fi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131, bu Patrikli\u011fin kurulmas\u0131 kadar \u00f6nemlidir. IX. Hovhannes (Golod), 1678’de Bitlis’te do\u011fmu\u015f, 12 \u015eubat 1741’de \u0130stanbul’da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. E\u011fitimci, reformcu ve fikir adam\u0131d\u0131r. Bitlis’te do\u011fdu\u011fu i\u00e7in ad\u0131na Pagi\u015fetzi (Bitlisli), a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u0131sa boylu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de Golod (k\u0131sa boylu) s\u0131fatlar\u0131 eklenen Hovhannes’in din adam\u0131 olmadan \u00f6nceki ad\u0131na kay\u0131tlarda rastlanm\u0131yor. \u0130lk\u00f6\u011frenimini Bitlis ‘teki Amrdol (veya Amlorti Surp Garabed) Manast\u0131r\u0131’nda g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. D\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli ilim adam\u0131 ve teologu \u015eirvanl\u0131 Krikor’un \u00f6\u011frencisi olmu\u015f. 1700’de Ba\u015fepiskopos Vartanp Pa\u011f\u0131\u015fetzi’den din adaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00fctbesi ald\u0131ktan sonra Kud\u00fcs’e gidip d\u00f6ner. Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn durumunu d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gayret sayg\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6revi yapabilmesi i\u00e7in ileri gelenlerin \u00f6nerisiyle \u0130stanbul’da patrik se\u00e7ilerek 1715’te IX. Hovhannes ad\u0131yla tahta \u00e7\u0131kar. Onun \u00e7abalar\u0131yla 1717’de Kud\u00fcs ve \u0130stanbul patriklikleri birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ertesi y\u0131l meydana gelen Kumkap\u0131 yang\u0131n\u0131nda (6 Temmuz 1718) k\u00fcl olan patriklik kilisesi, yaln\u0131z 70 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde eskisinden on kat daha g\u00fczel olarak in\u015fa edildi. Misyonerlerin \u00e7abalan sonucu Katolikli\u011fe ge\u00e7en Ermeniler i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok kez \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, hi\u00e7bir olumlu yan\u0131t alamad\u0131. 18-28 \u015eubat 1726’da Kumkap\u0131 Patriklik Kilisesi’nde Ba\u015fpatrik Ulnial\u0131 (bug\u00fcn S\u00fcleymanl\u0131) Garabed taraf\u0131ndan episkopos takdis edildi. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra ”ba\u015fepiskoposluk” s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 da ald\u0131<\/p>\n Hovhannes Golod’un maddi deste\u011fi ve \u00e7abalar\u0131yla \u0130stanbul’da bir\u00e7ok kitap yaz\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7evrildi ve yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bunlardan sadece \u00e7evirilerin say\u0131s\u0131 20’yi buluyor. \u00d6v\u00fcn\u00fclecek insanlar yeti\u015ftirmi\u015ftir; 20’yi a\u015fk\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisinden 8’i ba\u015fepikopos, biri de (Hagop Nalyan) \u0130stanbul patri\u011fi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Patrik Golod d\u00f6neminde Kumkap\u0131 Patriklik, Ortak\u00f6y Surp Asdvadzadzin, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Surp Garabed ve Surp Ha\u00e7, Balat Surp Hre\u015fdagabet, Galata Surp Krikor Lusavori\u00e7 kiliseleri yeniden in\u015fa edildi. Samatya’daki Surp Kevork ve Hask\u00f6y’deki Surp \u0130stepanos kiliseleri de onar\u0131lan ibadethaneler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilir. T\u00fcm hayat\u0131n\u0131 onar\u0131mlara, reformlara, e\u011fitime ve k\u00fclt\u00fcre adayan Hovhannes Golod’un naa\u015f\u0131 Karak\u00f6y’deki Surp Krikor Lusavori\u00e7 Kilisesi giri\u015fine defnedilmi\u015ftir. \u0130stimlakle 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lan kilisenin tekrar in\u015fas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda (1966) kemikleri kilisenin alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan mezarda toplan\u0131r. 500 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n \u0130stanbul Ermeni patrikli\u011fi tarihinde tahta \u00e7\u0131kan en \u00f6nemli patriklerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen IX. Hovhannes Golod i\u00e7in 1978’de do\u011fumunun 300. y\u0131l\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gerek \u0130stanbul, gerekse yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 anma g\u00fcnleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Minidev.com 28 Ağustos 2009 Ermeni Kültür Kurumları Ermenilerde kültür kurumlarına ilk kez 17. yüzyılın sonu ve 18. yüzyılın başlarında rastlanır. Bu dönemdeki kurumlar “kardeşlik” adı altında daha çok dinsel ve hayırsever amaçlarla kurulmuşlardır. Ermeni kültür kurumları tarihsel olarak üç döneme ayrılırlar: 1) 1810 öncesi “eski dönem”, genellikle “kardeşlik”, 2) 1810-1908 arası “orta dönem”, genellikle “kurum”, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11520"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11520\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11522,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11520\/revisions\/11522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/b> 28 A\u011fustos 2009<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nErmenilerde k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131na ilk kez 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda rastlan\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemdeki kurumlar “karde\u015flik” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok dinsel ve hay\u0131rsever ama\u00e7larla kurulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131 tarihsel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar:
\n1) 1810 \u00f6ncesi “eski d\u00f6nem”, genellikle “karde\u015flik”,
\n2) 1810-1908 aras\u0131 “orta d\u00f6nem”, genellikle “kurum”,
\n3) 1908 sonras\u0131 “yeni d\u00f6nem”, genellikle “dernek”
\nad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0061-ermeniB2.GIF\")
<\/p>\n
\nBu k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabilmi\u015flerdir. Bunlar ya kilise korolar\u0131 (T\u0131bratz Tas) veya okullardan yeti\u015fenler dernekleridir (Sanutz Miutyun).<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0061-ermeniB5.GIF\")
<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0061-ermeniB4.GIF\")
<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0061-ermeniB3a.GIF\")
<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Topik, Ermeni mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fark\u0131lar ve manilere konu olmu\u015f en \u00f6zg\u00fcn tadlar\u0131ndan biri…. Gelgelelim, Kumkap\u0131l\u0131 Topik\u00e7i Hampik’in maniler okuyarak satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 topikler de, t\u0131pk\u0131 \u00f6tekiler gibi haf\u0131zalardan silinmeye y\u00fcz tuttu. Topik, bug\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca \u0130stanbul’da bir-iki meyhanede so\u011fuk meze tepsisini s\u00fcsl\u00fcyor ve Ermenilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 semtlerden Kurtulu\u015f’ta baz\u0131 mezecilerde sat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir de tabii, yaprak sarmas\u0131 ve midye dolmas\u0131 ile birlikte, Ermenilerin geleneksel Dzununt ve Zadik sofralar\u0131ndaki vazge\u00e7ilmez yerini koruyor.<\/p>\n
\n3 orta boy patates,
\n\u00bd kg. nohut,
\n2 kilo so\u011fan \u00bd kg tahin,
\n4 tatl\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feker,
\n2 tatl\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 tuz,
\n3 tatl\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 tar\u00e7\u0131n,
\n2 tatl\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kara biber,
\n2 tatl\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bahar,
\n3 \u00e7orba ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolmal\u0131k f\u0131st\u0131k,
\n3 \u00e7orba ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 basit gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ancak k\u0131vam\u0131n\u0131 tutturmak i\u00e7in maharet isteyen Khavidz, Ermeni mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en lezzetli bayram tatl\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri… \u0130\u00e7i tavukg\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne yak\u0131n bir yo\u011funlukta, hatta hafif\u00e7e sulu olmas\u0131 gereken Hhavidz’in \u00fczeri ise t\u0131pk\u0131 kazandibi gibi iyice k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131. Ermeni ustalar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n eski lokantalar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00f6zel Hhavidz g\u00fcnleri art\u0131k unutulmu\u015f durumda. Hhavidz \u015fimdi yaln\u0131zca, geleneklerin korundu\u011fu baz\u0131 evlerde ya\u015fat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\n125 gr. tereya\u011f,
\n1 kg. s\u00fct,
\n8 \u00e7orba ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 un,
\n9 \u00e7orba ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feker,
\n1 tatl\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 vanilya,
\n1 \u00e7orba ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 irmik.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nErmeni tarihinden \u00f6nde gelen isimler: Patrik I. Hovagim ve IX. Hovhannes<\/p>\n