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Do\u00e7. Dr. VINEREKO Mir<\/span> G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Adigeleri ve anayurt (\u0414\u0436\u044b\u0440\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u043d\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044a\u0444 \u04471\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130ki y\u00fcz y\u0131l kadar \u00f6ncesine de\u011fin, Adigeler tek bir \u00fclkede ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ba\u015fka uluslar bu \u00fclkeye \u00c7erkesya<\/strong> (\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0435) diyorlard\u0131. Bir Adige \u00fclkesi olan \u00c7erkesya ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u0130lki, \u00a0yukar\u0131 Adigelerin (\u044b\u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440) ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kabardey y\u00f6resi<\/strong> (\u041a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0442\u044d\u0435 T1\u0443a\u043a1\u044d) idi. \u0130kincisi, k\u2019ah\u2019e\/ova Adigelerinin (\u043a1\u0430\u0445\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440) ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya<\/strong> idi. O tarihten bu yana Adigeler iki gruba ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldular: Kafkasya’da, kendi \u00fclkesinde (\u0445\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0433\u0443) kalm\u0131\u015f olan Adigeler ve d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerde\/diasporada (\u0445\u044b\u043c\u044d \u0445\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0445\u044d\u043c) ya\u015fayan Adigeler. \u015eu an Kafkasya’da 700 bin \u00fczeri Adige ya\u015f\u0131yor, T\u00fcrkiye ve di\u011fer d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerde ise 5 milyon kadar Adige ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Kafkasya’da kalan Adigelerin kendi \u00f6z anayurt topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkesi (\u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443 \u0445\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0438\u0449) bulunuyor. Bunlar Adigey Cumhuriyeti, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya Cumhuriyeti ve Kabardey-Balkarya Cumhuriyeti’dir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 Adige \u00fclkesi de Rusya i\u00e7erisindedir.<\/p>\n \u015eans\u0131m\u0131z varm\u0131\u015f ki, dedelerimizin topra\u011f\u0131 bir ya\u015fam alan\u0131 olarak bizlere\u00a0 kalm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n Adige k\u00f6yleri alt\u0131 y\u00f6reye da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak eski Adige topraklar\u0131nda varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar: Mozdok (\u041c\u044d\u0437\u0434\u044d\u0433\u0443) Adigeleri d\u00f6rt k\u00f6y halinde Kuzey Osetya ile Stavropol Kray’da ya\u015f\u0131yorlar; yukar\u0131 Adigeler-Kabardeyler Kabardey-Balkarya Cumhuriyeti’nde, ortadaki\u00a0 Adigeler (\u044b\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440) -\u00c7erkes\/\u015eercesler Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya Cumhuriyeti’nde, Yermelhable (Armavir) Adigeleri \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6y halinde Krasnodar Kray’\u0131n Uspensk rayonunda ya\u015f\u0131yorlar, k’ah’e Adigeleri Adige Cumhuriyeti’nde 40 \u00fczeri k\u00f6yde ya\u015f\u0131yorlar , Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 Adigeleri-Shapsughlar Krasnodar Kray’\u0131n Lazarevsk (\u041f\u0441\u044b\u04481\u0443\u0430\u043f\u044d) ve Tuapse rayonlar\u0131ndaki 14 k\u00f6yde ya\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak Adige toplam n\u00fcfusunun ancak onda biri, biri di\u011ferinden ayr\u0131\u00a0 bir y\u00f6rede olmak \u00fczere ata topra\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yor. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Adigelerin onda biri \u00fclkesinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bizim kendi ata topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bir \u00fclkemiz\u00a0 var ve orada ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Anadilimiz de bir devlet dili oldu. <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0Topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zbebe\u011fin gibi koru (\u0423\u0438\u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u044d\u043a\u0443\u043c \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0443\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043c) <\/strong> (Adige atas\u00f6z\u00fc)<\/p>\n Mozdok Adigeleri (\u041c\u044d\u0437\u0434\u044d\u0433\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adigeler bir zamanlar on iki topluluk olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. Mozdok Adigeleri, Kuzey Osetya\u2019daki iki \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6yde ya\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n Mozdok Adigelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu Kabardey\u2019dir ama i\u00e7lerinde Besleney olanlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Mozdok Adigeleri Rusya\u2019ya ilk ba\u011flanan Adigelerdir. 250 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce, birka\u00e7 Kabardey beyi (\u043f\u0449\u044b\/p\u015f\u0131) (*), kendilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri (\u044f1\u0443\u043c\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440) ile birlikte Rusya yurtta\u015f\u0131 oldular. Mozdok Adigelerinin H\u0131ristiyan olmalar\u0131 bu ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131ktan ileri gelir. Onlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck dedeleri Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011flan\u0131nca, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsediler ve gereklerini\u00a0 yerine getirdiler. Bu nedenle\u00a0 Mozdok Adigelerinden bir\u00e7o\u011funun H\u0131ristiyan adlar\u0131 ve soyadlar\u0131 bulunuyor. Bu Adigeler eski \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n en do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu Adigeler bug\u00fcn de ayn\u0131 topraklarda ya\u015f\u0131yorlar, ancak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerler ve k\u00f6yleri Kuzey Osetya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Bu Adige k\u00f6ylerine kut\u0131r (**) denir.<\/p>\n B\u0130LG\u0130 NOTLARI: <\/strong><\/p>\n (*)<\/strong> Kabardeyler aras\u0131nda irili ufakl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6ylerin birer beyi (p\u015f\u0131) ya da soylu bir y\u00f6neticisi olurdu, bu beyler daha b\u00fcy\u00fck beyler taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0 korunurlard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir zamanlar\u00a0 B\u00fcy\u00fck Kabardey\u2019in 4, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kabardey\u2019in de 3 b\u00fcy\u00fck bey ailesi vard\u0131. Kabardiya\u2019daki beylik d\u00fczeni ve toprak k\u00f6leli\u011fi 1861 Rus reformlar\u0131 gere\u011fince, 1868-1869 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcler (tlxukol\u2019) ve k\u00f6leler (p\u015f\u0131l\u2019) \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. -HCY<\/p>\n (**) <\/strong>Kut\u0131r (\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0440)-Adigey’de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Rus k\u00f6ylerine \u2018kut\u0131r\u2019 denir, H\u0131ristiyan olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Mozdok Adige k\u00f6ylerine de \u2018kut\u0131r\u2019 deniyor olmal\u0131d\u0131r. -HCY<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 Adigeleri (\u0425\u044b1\u0443\u0448\u044a\u043e \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 Adigelerine ulusal bir ad olarak Shapsugh (\u0448\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a) <\/strong>denir. Eskiden Shapsughlar 300 bin ki\u015fi idiler. \u015eimdiki Shapsughlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise Rusya n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 listelerinde\u00a0 3 bin olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131yor. Eski Adige yurdu tamam\u0131nda 18 Shapsugh k\u00f6y\u00fc kalm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Bu k\u00f6ylerin 14\u2019\u00fc Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlar: \u00a0Tha\u011fap\u015f<\/strong> (\u0422\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0430\u043f\u0448\u044a), Hac\u0131ko<\/strong> (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443), Kalej <\/strong>(\u041a\u044a\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044a), \u00a0L\u0131\u011foth\u2019 <\/strong>(\u041b\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0445), Ah\u2019\u0131ntam<\/strong> (\u0410\u0445\u044b\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c), \u015e\u2019hafit<\/strong> (\u0428\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442), \u00a0\u015eeh\u2019ek\u2019ey<\/strong> (\u0429\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u0439), \u00a0\u015e\u015foy\u0131ko<\/strong> (\u04281\u043e\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443), \u00a0Kode\u015f\u2019hape<\/strong> (\u041a\u043e\u0434\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044d), Nej\u0131gu<\/strong> (\u041d\u044d\u0436\u044a\u044b\u0433\u0443), Aguy<\/strong> (\u0410\u0433\u0443\u0439), Ps\u0131be<\/strong> (\u041f\u0441\u044b\u0431\u044d), Ts\u2019eps<\/strong> (\u04261\u044d\u043f\u0441) ve \u011euako<\/strong> (\u0413\u044a\u0443\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e) k\u00f6yleridir. Kafkas Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda da birer Adige yerle\u015fimi olan, ancak ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda (*), ba\u015fka uluslardan ki\u015filerin gelmesiyle, \u00a0Adige olmayanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu\u00a0 yerle\u015fim yerlerinden\u00a0 Ts\u2019eps, \u011euako, Mekups<\/strong> (\u041c\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0443\u043f\u0441), A\u015fape <\/strong>(\u0410\u0449\u0430\u043f\u044d), Ps\u0131\u015f\u015fuape<\/strong>\/Lazarevsk (\u041f\u0441\u044b\u04481\u0443\u0430\u043f\u044d) gibi k\u00f6ylerde, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e<\/strong>\/So\u00e7i (\u0428\u044a\u0430\u0447\u044d) ve Tuapse<\/strong> (\u04221\u0443\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044d) gibi kentlerde de, y\u00fczlerce Shapsugh ailesi ya\u015f\u0131yor (**). Sovyet egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde 21 y\u0131l boyunca (-1924-1945 aras\u0131-) Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 Adigelerinin \u015eaps\u0131\u011f Ulusal Rayonu<\/strong> (\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d) vard\u0131. \u015eimdiki Shapsugh k\u00f6yleri Tuapse ve Lazarevsk (\u041f\u0441\u044b\u04481\u0443\u0430\u043f\u044d) rayonlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunuyorlar.<\/p>\n Bu son 15 y\u0131ldan beri Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 Adigelerinin bir Shapsugh Meclisi<\/strong> (\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0425\u0430\u0441\u044d) kurulmu\u015f bulunuyor. Meclis (Xase) elinden geldi\u011fince ulusal sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler getirmeye u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor. Meclis, Krasnodar Kray’dan da yard\u0131m ve destek al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n B\u0130LG\u0130 NOTLARI: <\/strong><\/p>\n (*)<\/strong> 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda, Shapsugh Ulusal Rayonu la\u011fvedildikten sonra olmal\u0131. -HCY<\/p>\n (**) <\/strong>Shapsugh kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Shapsugh n\u00fcfusu en az 10-12 bindir. 1992\u2019de Tuapse\u2019yi ziyaretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda orada ya\u015fayan ve bize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan sevimli gen\u00e7 bir han\u0131m, sadece Tuapse<\/strong> kenti i\u00e7inde bin ki\u015filik bir Shasugh n\u00fcfusu bulundu\u011funu, ancak -\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131\/milliyet\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctler \u00fcyesi- Ruslar\u0131n o s\u0131ralarda ev ev dola\u015f\u0131p, 1945\u2019te kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u00f6zerkliklerinin Shapsughlara geri verilmemesi i\u00e7in\u00a0 imza toplamakta olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Ertesi y\u0131l konu\u015ftu\u011fum Tha\u011fap\u015f <\/strong>k\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumlu olup Lazarevsk\u2019te oturan bir akrabam, Tuapse kenti i\u00e7indeki Shapsugh say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bin ki\u015fiden \u00e7ok daha fazla oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. N\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Shapsughlar\u0131n etnik adlar\u0131yla yaz\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131, bu y\u00fczden hukuksal\/politik\u00a0 sorunlarla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 duyuluyor. Shapsugh sindirilmi\u015fli\u011fi konusunda bir \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bkz. N. Dzevkoj\u0131ko<\/strong>\u2019nun, Adigey, benim en de\u011feri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m<\/strong> adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131, CC Ara\u015ft\u0131rma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc. -HCY<\/p>\n Yermelhable (Armavir) Adigeleri (\u0415\u0440\u043c\u044d\u043b\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adigeler Armavir kentine Yermelhable<\/strong> diyorlar. Yermelhable Adigeleri Krasnodar Kray\u2019\u0131n Uspensk rayonundaki \u00fc\u00e7 Adige k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. Biri, \u015e\u2019ha\u015fef\u0131j<\/strong> (\u0428\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0449\u044d\u0444\u044b\u0436\u044c) bir K\u2019emguy k\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcr, di\u011fer ikisi, Kur\u011fokuaye<\/strong> (\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0435) ve Be\u00e7m\u0131zaye<\/strong> (\u0411\u044d\u0447\u043c\u044b\u0437\u0430\u0435), Besleney k\u00f6yleridir.<\/p>\n Bu k\u00f6ylerdeki ilk ve orta dereceli (\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0442) okullarda Adigece \u00f6\u011fretiliyor.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye Adigeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adigelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerde\/diasporada ya\u015f\u0131yor. 140 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcreden beri Adigeler (\u00c7erkesler) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 800 kadar Adige k\u00f6y\u00fc bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor. Adige k\u00f6yleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli illerine serpilmi\u015f olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Adige \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 okullarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Adige \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yasalar gere\u011fi, \u00a0okullarda Adigece \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n Hangi \u00fclkede olurlarsa olsunlar Adigeler ayn\u0131 dili konu\u015fuyorlar ve ayn\u0131 geleneklere ba\u011fl\u0131lar. De\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan Adigeler kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda, \u00a0konu\u015fmalar\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla birbirlerini hemen tan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n Adigeler 45 kadar de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkede ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. Anayurdunda kalm\u0131\u015f olan Adigeler Adigece anadillerinde okuyorlar (*). Adige \u00f6\u011frenciler anadillerini, tarih ve edebiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 okulda \u00f6\u011freniyorlar. Rusya i\u00e7erisinde Adige\/\u00c7erkes adlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fc\u00e7 cumhuriyetteki televizyon, radyo ve tiyatrolarda\u00a0 Adigece kullan\u0131l\u0131yor, gazeteler, dergiler, sanatsal ve bilimsel kitaplar Adigece olarak yay\u0131nlan\u0131yorlar. Adige gelene\u011fi\u00a0 de (Adige xabz) Adige okullar\u0131nda Adigece\u00a0 olarak \u00f6\u011freniliyor. Biz bu olana\u011fa, kendi \u00fclkemizde, ata topra\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015famakta olmam\u0131z ve bir devletimizin bulunmas\u0131 sayesinde kavu\u015fmu\u015f bulunuyoruz.<\/p>\n Yi\u011fit\/Ceylan do\u011fdu\u011fu yere d\u00f6ner (\u0411\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044b\u0449\u0430\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0435\u043a1\u0443\u0436\u044c\u044b)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Yabanc\u0131 diyarlarda varl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015famaktansa, kendi ata topra\u011f\u0131mda \u00f6l\u00fcr\u00fcm (\u0425\u044b\u043c\u044d \u0445\u044d\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u0449\u044b\u0442\u0445\u044a\u044d\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0445\u044c\u0438, \u0441\u0438\u0445\u044d\u043a\u0443\u0436\u044c \u0441\u044b\u0449\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043b1)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u00fcnyay\u0131 dola\u015f ve evine d\u00f6n (\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0438\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0438 \u0443\u0438\u0443\u043d\u044d \u0438\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0436\u044c). <\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong> (Adige atas\u00f6zleri)<\/p>\n B\u0130LG\u0130 NOTU: <\/strong><\/p>\n (*)<\/strong> \u0130srail<\/strong> Adigeleri de baz\u0131\u00a0 s\u0131n\u0131flarda, 6-9. s\u0131n\u0131flarda\/ortaokulda, herhalde haftada 2 ders saati tutar\u0131nda, devlet taraf\u0131ndan Adigece\u00a0 okutuluyorlar.<\/p>\n 1998\u2019de, \u00a0Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7indeki Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne g\u00f6\u00e7men stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle d\u00f6nmeleri \u00f6ncesinde Yugoslavya<\/strong> Adigeleri de, devlet okulunda\u00a0 Adigece \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131 (Daha \u00e7ok bilgi i\u00e7in Bkz. Adige s\u00f6zc\u00fclerinin dedikleri ve de\u011ferlendirmelerimiz<\/strong>, Kosova \u00f6rne\u011fi, CC Edebiyat Tarih Departman\u0131).<\/p>\n Bir de \u00dcrd\u00fcn \u00f6rne\u011fi var, burada farkl\u0131 bir durum s\u00f6zkonusu: Adige\/\u00c7erkes Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Yard\u0131mla\u015fma Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fkent Amman\u2019da\u00a0 \u2018Emir Hamza Okulu\u2019<\/strong> adl\u0131 \u00f6zel\u00a0 bir okul a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor, bu okulda\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flarda Adigece\u2019nin se\u00e7meli bir ders dili olarak\u00a0 okutuldu\u011fu ya da okutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. \u00dcrd\u00fcn yasalar\u0131, e\u011fitim dili olarak Arap\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131, yabanc\u0131 dil olarak da \u0130ngilizce\u2019yi tan\u0131yor. Ancak, belli bir seviyeden sonra, \u00a0\u00a0Frans\u0131zca ve\u00a0 Almanca gibi bir dilin, resim ve m\u00fczik gibi se\u00e7imlik dersler kategorisinden se\u00e7ilmesine ve okunmas\u0131na\u00a0 izin\u00a0 tan\u0131yor ya da ona a\u00e7\u0131k kap\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131yor. \u00d6\u011frenci se\u00e7meli\u00a0 deslerden (ikinci yabanc\u0131 dil, resim, m\u00fczik, el i\u015fleri, vb derslerden)\u00a0 biri olarak Adigece yabanc\u0131 dil dersini de se\u00e7ebiliyor. Diasporadaki en k\u00f6t\u00fc uygulama ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u201cGeleneksel olarak konu\u015fulan\u201d dillerde okul e\u011fitimi ya da \u00f6\u011fretimi kesinlikle yasak. \u015eimdi, milliyet\u00e7i engel a\u015f\u0131labilirse, \u201dDemokratik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u201d ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Bunun i\u00e7in Bkz. Demokratik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131-1-2 <\/strong>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z, CC yazarlar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00dcrd\u00fcn konusundaki bu bilgiyi, y\u0131llar \u00f6nce, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ya da 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda, \u0130stanbul\u2019da, sormam \u00fczerine, s\u00f6zkonusu okulun m\u00fcdiresinden \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftim. Adigece dersini se\u00e7en\u00a0 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 nedir, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131lar m\u0131, bilemiyorum, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fimizden geni\u015fli\u011fince bir bilgi alamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. O zamandan bu yana\u00a0 bir mesafe al\u0131nabilmi\u015f midir, onu da bilemiyorum.<\/p>\n Okulun giderleri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir toprak m\u00fclkiyeti dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kalan ve Adige kad\u0131nlar\u0131na aktar\u0131lan kentteki bir \u00e7ocuk e\u011flence park\u0131n\u0131n gelirleri i\u00e7inden\u00a0 derne\u011fe d\u00fc\u015fen b\u00f6l\u00fcmden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yormu\u015f. Okulun gelirleri aras\u0131nda, ku\u015fkusuz \u00f6\u011frenci velilerinin \u00f6dedi\u011fi\u00a0 paralar, hay\u0131rseverlerin yard\u0131mlar\u0131, belki de devlet yard\u0131m\u0131, vb yer al\u0131yor\u00a0 olmal\u0131-HCY<\/p>\n AD\u0130GE VE AD\u0130GEL\u0130K<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adige Topluluklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 18. <\/strong>y\u00fczy\u0131lda 24 Adige (\u00c7erkes) toplulu\u011fu\/boyu vard\u0131. Topluluk say\u0131s\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda 12 oldu. Her bir Adige toplulu\u011funun (tlepk\/\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a) kendine ait birer bayra\u011f\u0131 (n\u0131p\/\u043d\u044b\u043f) vard\u0131. Ancak t\u00fcm Adigeleri temsil eden ortak bir ulusal bayrak da (n\u0131p\/b\u0131rak) vard\u0131. Ortak bayrakta 12 toplulu\u011fun her birini temsil eden 12 y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/strong> bulunuyordu. Bu bayrak, bug\u00fcn Adigey Cumhuriyeti’nin de devlet bayra\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Shapsugh ve Natuhay bayraklar\u0131 ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu bayraklar m\u00fczemizde sergileniyorlar. \u00d6teki Adige cumhuriyetleri, Kabardey-Balkarya ve Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya \u00c7erkeslerinin neredeyse\u00a0 tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 Kabardey\u2019dir. \u0130ki Besleney k\u00f6y\u00fc-Be\u00e7m\u0131zaye<\/strong> ile Kur\u011fokuaye<\/strong>– Krasnodar Kray’\u0131n Uspensk rayonundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Adige topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 eskiden de farkl\u0131yd\u0131. V. G. Novitski’nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya’da (Kabardey y\u00f6resi\/\u041a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0442\u044d\u0435 \u04221\u0443\u0430\u043a1\u044d d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) bir milyonun \u00fczerinde bir Adige n\u00fcfusu ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Bug\u00fcn Adigey’de, Adigey Cumhuriyeti’nde 100 bin dolay\u0131nda bir Adige n\u00fcfusu ya\u015f\u0131yor, bunlar yedi toplulu\u011fa (tlepk) ayr\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Her bir topluluk kendi de\u011fi\u015fik k\u00f6ylerinde kendi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor: 1 k\u00f6y Abzegh (*), 1 k\u00f6y Natuhay, 4 k\u00f6y Shapsugh, 1 k\u00f6y Besleney, 3 k\u00f6y Kabardey, 11 k\u00f6y K’emguy ve 21 k\u00f6y de Bjedugh k\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Adige topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n dil ve gelenekleri aras\u0131nda farl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor, ancak hepsinin Adige oldu\u011funu belli eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da ortak de\u011ferlerimiz vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Adigelik seni insan aras\u0131na al\u0131r ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0443\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u044d\u0449\u0442 \u044b\u043a1\u0438 \u0443\u0430\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u0438\u0449\u044b\u0436\u044c\u044b\u0449\u0442) <\/strong> (Eski Adige deyi\u015fi), s. 87-88.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u0130LG\u0130 NOTU: <\/strong><\/p>\n (*) <\/strong>1998\u2019de Kosova\u2019dan d\u00f6nen Adigelerin yerle\u015fimi olan Mefehable k\u00f6y\u00fc ile birlikte Adigey\u2019deki Abzegh k\u00f6y\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 2 oldu. Mefehable<\/strong>, Maykop\u2019un 3-4 km kadar do\u011fusundad\u0131r. -HCY<\/p>\n <\/p>\n AD\u0130GE C\u0130NS ATLARI (\u0410\u0414\u042b\u0413\u042d \u0428\u042b \u041b\u042a\u042d\u041f\u041a\u042a\u0425\u042d\u0420)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ulusal ekonomi (\u0445\u044a\u044b\u0437\u043c\u044d\u0442), ulusun \u00fczerinde olu\u015ftu\u011fu topra\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bi\u00e7imlenir. Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya, \u00a0Adigelerin ata\u00a0 topra\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Adige topra\u011f\u0131nda bulunan da\u011f ete\u011fi d\u00fczl\u00fckleri, da\u011flar ve da\u011f yaylalar\u0131 tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa\u00a0 elveri\u015flidir.<\/p>\n Birka\u00e7 bin y\u0131ldan beri Adige topra\u011f\u0131nda at beslenir. Adige ekonomisi i\u00e7inde, ulusun tan\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar aras\u0131nda at yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi de \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Bir Adige at cinsi olan Kabardey at\u0131, <\/strong>d\u00fcnya cins atlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r ve tan\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n Adigeler \u00e7ok eski d\u00f6nemlerden beri\u00a0 at\u0131 sadece bir binek at\u0131<\/strong> olarak kullan\u0131yor, arabaya, boyunduru\u011fa ko\u015fmuyorlard\u0131. Arabaya, boyunduruk ve sabana ko\u015fulan hayvan \u00f6k\u00fczd\u00fc. Adigeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan at e\u011fer vurulmak \u00fczere yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ava, ke\u015ffe, geziye ve sava\u015fa atla giderlerdi.<\/p>\n Kullanma ve yeti\u015ftirilme ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re Adige at cinsi \u00e7e\u015fitlere ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131: Be\u00e7kan (\u0431\u044d\u0447\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d) (*), \u015f\u2019evel\u0131hu (\u0448\u044a\u044d\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443), \u015fa\u011fd\u0131y (\u0449\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0434\u044b\u0439), j\u0131ra\u015fte (\u0436\u044c\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0442\u044d), ab\u0131k\u2019u (\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043a1\u0443) <\/strong>ve tram (\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c). <\/strong><\/p>\n Sava\u015fa kat\u0131lacak ve sefere \u00e7\u0131kacaksan- be\u00e7kan,<\/p>\n Yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131racaksan\/at yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131na katacaksan- j\u0131ra\u015fte,<\/p>\n E\u011fitim vereceksen (\u043f1\u0443\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0435\u0442\u044d\u0449\u0442\u043c\u044d)- p\u00e7\u2019e\u011fual (\u043f\u043a1\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0430\u043b\/k\u0131r at),<\/p>\n Kalk\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131racaksan (\u0431\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u04481\u044d\u0449\u0442\u043c\u044d)- Arap at\u0131 (\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0448), derlerdi.<\/p>\n Atlar tip ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ayr\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131. Adigeler at\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc (\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044d) ile g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerlerdi. Buna ili\u015fkin \u00f6yk\u00fc ve masallar gerek anayurtta ve gerekse T\u00fcrkiye’de hala anlat\u0131l\u0131r. (s. 105-106).<\/p>\n B\u0130LG\u0130 NOTU: <\/strong><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> Be\u00e7kan, \u2019be\u00e7=bey+kan=soylu\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri birle\u015fimi birle\u015fik bir s\u00f6c\u00fck olup en soylu, \u2019soylulara \u00f6zg\u00fc at\u2019 gibi bir anlam veriyor. -HCY<\/p>\n <\/p>\n K\u00f6r kurdun\u00a0 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc (\u0422\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044a \u043d\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0443\u043c \u0438\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440)<\/strong><\/p>\n Her iki g\u00f6z\u00fc\u00a0 de k\u00f6r olan bir kurt, fazla b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e olmayan\u00a0 bir ormanda yavrular\u0131 ile birlikte, kimseye zarar vermeden, uzun bir s\u00fcreden beri ya\u015fay\u0131p duruyormu\u015f. Ancak, bir yaz sabah\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015fin hen\u00fcz do\u011fmakta oldu\u011fu bir s\u0131rada, ans\u0131z\u0131n bir atl\u0131 avc\u0131 grubu \u00fczerlerine gelmi\u015f, kurt ailesini \u00f6n\u00fcne takm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n K\u00f6r kurt (\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044a \u0445\u044c\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0437\u044d\u0440) en \u00f6nde ko\u015farken, kendisini izleyen\u00a0 yavrular\u0131na seslenmi\u015f:<\/p>\n – Bizi kovalayan atl\u0131lar\u0131n en \u00f6n\u00fcnde olan at nas\u0131l bir at? -diyerek.<\/p>\n – Pts\u2019e\u011foptl\/doru at<\/strong> (\u043f\u04461\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u044a), -demi\u015fler yavrular.<\/p>\n – \u00d6yleyse at\u0131 do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fe bakt\u0131r\u0131n!-diye seslenmi\u015f yavrular\u0131na. Doru at\u0131\/pts\u2019e\u011foptl\u0131 y\u00f6neltip do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fe bakt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar, \u00f6ylece ondan ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n – \u015eimdi bizi kovalayan at nas\u0131l bir at? , -diye yeniden sormu\u015f anne kurt.<\/p>\n – \u015e\u0131 kare\/ ya\u011f\u0131z at <\/strong>(\u0448\u044b \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0440\u044d\/siyah at), -demi\u015fler.<\/p>\n – \u00d6yleyse domuz\u00a0 \u00e7ukurlar\u0131na (\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0448\u044d\u043f1\u044d \u043c\u0430\u0448\u044d\u043c\u044d)\u00a0 do\u011fru ko\u015fun, demi\u015f.<\/p>\n Ya\u011f\u0131z at \u00e7ukurlara tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yavrular da kurtulmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n – \u015eimdi bize yeti\u015fmek \u00fczere olan at nas\u0131l bir at?<\/p>\n – P\u00e7\u2019e\u011fuale\/k\u0131r at<\/strong> (\u043f\u043a1\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0430\u043b), -yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fler.<\/p>\n – \u00d6yleyse sivri dikenlere (\u0446\u044b\u043a1\u044d\u0444) do\u011fru ka\u00e7\u0131n!-diye k\u00f6r kurt yavrular\u0131na seslenmi\u015f.<\/p>\n K\u0131r at\u0131n derisi ince oldu\u011fundan dikenler\u00a0 batmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece yavrular kurtulmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n Ard\u0131ndan ayak seslerinden bir atl\u0131n\u0131n daha kendilerine yeti\u015fmek \u00fczere oldu\u011funu hafize (k\u00f6r) kurt \u00a0anlam\u0131\u015f, yavrular\u0131na seslenmi\u015f:<\/p>\n – \u015eimdi bize yeti\u015fmekte olan at nas\u0131l bir at?<\/p>\n – B\u0131rul\/demirk\u0131r\u0131<\/strong> (\u0431\u044b\u0440\u0443\u043b), -demi\u015f yavrular.<\/p>\n – \u00c7abuk, ayr\u0131l\u0131n ve\u00a0 farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlere ka\u00e7\u0131n!-diye seslenmi\u015f anne kurt.<\/p>\n – Peki nas\u0131l bulu\u015faca\u011f\u0131z daha sonra? -diye sormu\u015flar yavrular .<\/p>\n – Art\u0131k, kurt derilerinin sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc pazar\u0131nda bulu\u015furuz, demi\u015f anne kurt. (s. 106-107).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Doç. Dr. VINEREKO Mir İlkokul 3-4. sınıflar “Adige Geleneği” (Адыгэ Хабз) ders kitabından alıntılar, Maykop, 2007, s. 11-19. Çeviri: HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız Günümüz Adigeleri ve anayurt (Джырэ адыгэхэмрэ ныдэлъф ч1ыналъэмрэ) İki yüz yıl kadar öncesine değin, Adigeler tek bir ülkede yaşıyorlardı. Başka uluslar bu ülkeye Çerkesya (Черкесие) diyorlardı. Bir Adige ülkesi olan Çerkesya ikiye ayrılıyordu. 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\n<\/b> \u0130lkokul 3-4. s\u0131n\u0131flar \u201cAdige Gelene\u011fi\u201d (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0437) ders kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131lar,
\nMaykop, 2007, s. 11-19.
\n\u00c7eviri: HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/p>\n
\nAncak Kafkas Sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle Adigelerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00fclkelerinden kovulup T\u00fcrkiye’ye s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Kabardiya 1822’de Rusya’n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geldi. K’ah’e (\u043a1\u0430\u0445\u044d) Adigeleri de 1864 y\u0131ll\u0131ndan beri Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n