{"id":11624,"date":"2019-03-26T16:53:50","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T21:53:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11624"},"modified":"2019-03-26T16:53:50","modified_gmt":"2019-03-26T21:53:50","slug":"isp-evleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/isp-evleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130SP EVLER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

HOTKO Samir ve AGRBA Bella
\n<\/span> <\/span><\/b> kawkaznews. net
\nCC – Literature and History Department
\n\u00c7eviri: HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130sp evlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00c7erkes \u201cadas\u0131\u201d (“\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043c”) k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca, \u00a0biraz daha fazla olmak \u00fczere g\u00fcneye do\u011fru yay\u0131larak, Abhazya\u2019ya kadar olan bir alanda bulunurlar. S\u0131ras\u0131 gelmi\u015fken belirtmeliyiz, Osetya, \u00c7e\u00e7enya, Da\u011f\u0131stan ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da \u0130sp evleri (Dolmenler) bulunmuyor. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen yerlerde tek t\u00fck megalitlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labiliyor, bunlar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleriyle kuzeybat\u0131daki dolmenlere benzemezler. 1960-1970 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re, Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da
\n(-\u00c7erkesya\u2019da-) 2 bin 208 dolmen saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bunlardan 2 bin 014 adedi levhalar halinde kesilmi\u015f bi\u00e7imde, kalan\u0131 da az rastlanan bir bi\u00e7imde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bulunuyorlar (\u00fcst \u00fcste getirilmi\u015f ve su yala\u011f\u0131na benzer bir bi\u00e7im). M\u00d6 II. Bin y\u0131lda \u0130sp evleri in\u015fa ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

Bunlara en \u00e7ok Maykop K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir alanda rastlan\u0131yor. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kuban oblast\u0131 (\u041f\u0448\u044b\u0437\u044d \u0448\u044a\u043e\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0440) arkeologu Felits\u0131n<\/strong>, \u00c7arski (\u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) stanitsas\u0131nda (Novosvobodn\u0131y) 262 \u0130sp evi saptam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Felits\u0131n\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201dhen\u00fcz gidemedi\u011fim y\u00fcz kadar yer daha kald\u0131. Bu yerlere Kazaklar \u2018yi\u011fitlik g\u00fcc\u00fc\u2019 bulunan yaylalar<\/strong> (“\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0440 \u043aI\u0443\u0430\u0447I\u044d” \u0437\u0438I\u044d \u0448\u044a\u043e\u0444) diyorlar\u201d. Kizinka Irma\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Bagovski stanitsas\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131nda 564 \u0130sp evi bulundu. Kamennomostski y\u00f6resinde de tahrip edilmi\u015f 270 kadar kal\u0131nt\u0131 bulundu\u011fu saptand\u0131. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Shapsughya\u2019da da \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u0130sp evi bulunuyor. D\u00f6rt t\u00fcr \u0130sp evi i\u00e7inden kesilmi\u015f ta\u015f levhalarla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan t\u00fcr\u00fc Abhazya\u2019da g\u00f6rmek olanakl\u0131. Dolmen K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn geli\u015fti\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fda Abhazya\u2019da da\u00a0 \u0130sp evleri in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

En eski \u0130sp evlerinin\u00a0 kuzey yamaca (1)<\/em><\/strong> \u201cMaykoplular\u201d taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kabul ediliyor. Markovin<\/strong> \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: \u201dNovosvobodnenski tipini and\u0131ran e\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130sp evleri, en eski mezarlar durumundalar. Abhaz \u0130sp evlerinin kurulu\u015funu ele alacak olursak, bunlar en eski \u00f6rnekleri olu\u015fturmuyorlar. Olu\u015fum s\u00fcrecine g\u00f6re, Maykop K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Dolmen (\u0130sp evi) K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019nden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir ve yay\u0131lma alan\u0131 da \u00c7erkes \u201cadas\u0131\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011frusunu s\u00f6yleyelim, Kafkasya Dolmen K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc s\u0131rf Adigelere ba\u011flama gibi bir iddian\u0131n pe\u015finde de\u011filiz. Bunun bir Maykop K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve bir Abhaz-Adige miras\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyoruz. Ancak bu uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00c7erkes \u201cadas\u0131\u201d deyimiyle tan\u0131ml\u0131yoruz, bu deyimi de Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Abhaz-Adige topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir anlamda kullan\u0131yoruz. Uzunca bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya bir Adige topra\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, Abhazca konu\u015fan topluluklar ise, daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcneye y\u00f6neliyorlar.<\/p>\n

Dolmen K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Maykop K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn temelidir ve iki bin y\u0131l boyunca ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sp evleri Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 Kafkasya b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, ay\u0131r\u0131yor ve \u00c7erkes \u201cadas\u0131n\u0131\u201d Akdeniz devletlerinin \u201cadalar\u0131na\u201d yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Basklar\u0131n devletinden ba\u015flayarak \u00c7erkesya\u2019ya uzanan bir sahada \u0130sp evlerinin bulundu\u011fu, biliminsan\u0131 Marr<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n kuram\u0131yla da do\u011frulan\u0131yor. Marr \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn Kafkas dilleri eski ulusal topluluklar\u0131n dillerinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Yafetik-Kafkas halklar\u0131 (\u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0445\u044dp) Akdeniz\u2019in kuzeyinde ve Avrupa taraflar\u0131nda geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Hititoloji’nin kurucular\u0131ndan Berdjih Grozni\u2019nin (\u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044d\u043c) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, Protohattiler (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0442\u043e\u0445\u0435\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440), S\u00fcmerler, eskiden Sibirya ve Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olanlar, Kafkas ulusal dillerinin do\u011fu koluna (\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u044d) ba\u011fl\u0131 idiler. Kuzeybat\u0131daki \u0130sp evlerinin do\u011fu\u015fu sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131 Marr\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvuruyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Markovin\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinde Marr\u2019\u0131n etkilerini g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Bask \u00dclkesi, Sardinya, Korsika, Balkanlar ve Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya gibi yerlerde bulunan \u0130sp evleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ortak \u00f6zellikleri belirliyor.<\/p>\n

Rokniya mezarlar\u0131ndan (2) baz\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan e\u015fyalarla, Kuzeybat\u0131daki \u0130sp evlerinde bulunanlar birbirlerine benziyorlar, Markovin bu benzerli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da \u0130sp evlerinin in\u015fa edilmeleri i\u015fi deniz yoluyla Bask \u00dclkesi\u2019nden (\u0411\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c) gelmi\u015f olmal\u0131. \u0130sp evlerinin kurulmalar\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ni\u00e7in denizyoluyla gelmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r, ni\u00e7in \u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor olabiliriz?<\/p>\n


\nGeorgiyev<\/strong>\u2019in belirlemesine g\u00f6re, Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya ve Balkanlar\u2019da ya\u015fayan Yafetik topluluklar\u0131n \u0130sp evleri in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flamalar\u0131ndan y\u00fcz ya da y\u00fcz elli y\u0131l \u00f6nce Basklar<\/strong> \u0130sp evlerini yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Basklar s\u0131k s\u0131k Karadeniz\u2019e de geliyorlard\u0131, \u00c7erkesler de Akdeniz\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131na gidiyorlard\u0131. Bu nedenle \u0130sp evi in\u015fa tekni\u011finin deniz yoluyla Basklar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla buraya getirildi\u011fi, Adigelerin de o tekni\u011fi oralardan \u00f6\u011frenip\u00a0 getirdikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n


\nLavrov<\/strong>\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131l\u0131yor: \u201dKuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da \u0130sp evlerinin yap\u0131lmalar\u0131 ticaret ve deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir olgudur. \u0130nsan ve e\u015fya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, akla gelebilecek de\u011fi\u015fik \u015feyler de gemilerle ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sp evlerini in\u015fa etmeleri, d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerden gelen avc\u0131lar\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 imi\u015f gibi kabul edilemez. \u0130sp evlerini yapmak i\u00e7in ustalar\u0131n benzeri \u015feyleri g\u00f6zleriyle g\u00f6rmeleri gerekirdi. Akl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kabul edebilece\u011fi ana d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n deniz seferlerine \u00e7\u0131kmakta olduklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. <\/p>\n

\u0130sp evlerinin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde belirdikleri d\u00f6nemden ba\u015flayarak de\u011fi\u015fik e\u015fya ve aletler, odundan tap\u0131naklar (\u0442\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044dI\u0443\u043fI\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440) ve ta\u015f i\u015fleme \u0130sp evleri yap\u0131yor, \u00fcretiyorlard\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr yap\u0131lar\u0131 da belirlenmi\u015f yerlerde in\u015fa ediyorlard\u0131. \u0130sp evleri belli bir esteti\u011fi (\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044d) ve in\u015fa tekni\u011fi olan eski sanat yap\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r (I\u044d\u0448I\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445). Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok \u0130sp evinde insan iskeletleri de bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0130sp evlerinin in\u015fa edili\u015f bi\u00e7imi \u015f\u00f6yledir: “\u043f” Kiril harfine benzer bir bi\u00e7imde ta\u015f bloklar haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Bunlar iri ve a\u011f\u0131r ta\u015f bloklard\u0131r. Be\u015f ya da alt\u0131 ta\u015f levha bir \u0130sp evi yapmak i\u00e7in yeterlidir. D\u00f6rd\u00fc dik dikilir, be\u015fincisi \u00fcste yatay konur, alt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 da evin taban\u0131 (temeli) olur. Ta\u015flardan birinin deli\u011fi bulunur, delikler \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6\u015fe ya da d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fe bi\u00e7imlerindedir. \u0130sp evlerinin yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 (malzemeleri) insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerin\u00a0 ta\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r: Dolmenler granit (sert kaya) ya da kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131ndan (\u043c\u044b\u0436\u044a\u043e\u0444) yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131<\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) <\/strong>Kuzey yamac\u0131 \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n kuzeye (\u015fimdiki Adigey) ve Karadeniz\u2019e bakan (\u015fimdiki \u015eaps\u0131\u011fya) bakan da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131 olmal\u0131. -HCY.<\/p>\n

(2)<\/strong> Roknia, Cezayir\u2019de ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede bulunan mezarlar, dolmenler. -HCY<\/p>\n

Not:<\/strong> Bu yaz\u0131 daha geni\u015f\u00e7e\u00a0 ve Rus\u00e7a olarak \u2018<\/strong>kawkaznews. net\u2019\u00a0 <\/strong> sitesinde HOTKO Samir <\/strong>ve AGRBA Bella <\/strong>imzalar\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. -HCY<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HOTKO Samir ve AGRBA Bella kawkaznews. net CC – Literature and History Department Çeviri: HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız İsp evlerinin çoğu Çerkes “adası” (“хыгъэхъунэм”) kıyıları boyunca,  biraz daha fazla olmak üzere güneye doğru yayılarak, Abhazya’ya kadar olan bir alanda bulunurlar. Sırası gelmişken belirtmeliyiz, Osetya, Çeçenya, Dağıstan ve Gürcistan’da İsp evleri (Dolmenler) bulunmuyor. Sözü edilen yerlerde tek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11624"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11626,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11624\/revisions\/11626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}