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Prof. Dr. \u00c7\u2019IR\u011e Ashad<\/span><\/b> AD\u0130GELER KATINDA HALK MECL\u0130S\u0130\u2019N\u0130N\/XASE\u2019N\u0130N TA\u015eIDI\u011eI \u00d6NEM (\u0425\u0410\u0421\u042d\u041c \u0410\u0414\u042b\u0413\u042d\u0425\u042d\u041c \u041c\u042d\u0425\u042c\u0410\u041d\u042d\u0423 \u0420\u0410\u0422\u042b\u0428\u0422\u042b\u0413\u042a\u042d\u0420)<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n Adige ulusunun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu bundan \u00f6nceki -1864 \u00f6ncesi- d\u00f6nemde Meclis, Adigeler kat\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. XVIII-XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Adigelerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en\u00a0 bir devletimiz ve devlet y\u00f6netimimiz\/y\u00f6neticilerimiz yoktu, her bir topluluk ba\u015f\u0131na buyruk ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Aralar\u0131nda beliren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klardan zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekiyorlard\u0131, bu durum birle\u015fip tek bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak\u00a0 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131n\u0131 da engelliyordu.<\/p>\n Ancak Adige Meclisi<\/strong> ulusu birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yordu. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Abzegh, Shapsugh<\/strong> ve Natuhaylar\u0131n<\/strong> ya\u015fam\u0131nda Meclis\u2019in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flevi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dizelerde anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n Herkes\u00e7e bilindi\u011fi gibi, o d\u00f6nemde, bu soyda\u015f topluluklar\u0131n ili\u015fkileri demokratik kurallara g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda feodalizm tasfiye edilmi\u015fti. Egemenlik emek\u00e7i k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin (fekol\u2019lar\u0131n) elindeydi. \u00d6nemli kararlar, belli aralarla (\u0438\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0433\u044c\u043e\u0443) toplanan meclisler eliyle al\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Abzegh, Shapsugh ve Natuhaylar, \u00f6nemli sorunlar belirdi\u011finde, sorunlar\u0131 ele almak ve \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in, Meclis\u2019i acil olarak da topluyorlad\u0131.<\/p>\n Adige Meclisi demokratik kurallara uygun olarak olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Ki\u015fiye verilen \u00f6nem, ki\u015finin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 s\u0131n\u0131fa g\u00f6re de\u011fil, ki\u015finin ulusu yarar\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re belirleniyordu. S\u0131rf bey (p\u015f\u0131) ya da soylu (verk) olmak, Meclis a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00f6zel bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Adigeler aras\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f olan \u0130ngiliz gezgini J. Longworth<\/strong> 1840\u2019da \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201cKi\u015finin ya\u015f\u0131, yi\u011fitli\u011fi, yerinde ve do\u011fru konu\u015fuyor olmas\u0131, bunlar\u00a0 ge\u00e7erli olan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerdir. B\u00f6yle ki\u015filer toplum \u00f6nderleri\/s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri oluyorlar\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Rus biliminsan\u0131 Karl Stal<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Adigelerin de\u011fer verdi\u011fi ki\u015filer, \u00a0ki\u015filikli (\u043bI\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043b\u044a) ve ulusu i\u00e7in can\u0131n\u0131 esirgemeyecek (\u043f\u0441\u044d\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0431\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044c) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filer idiler. Ak\u0131ll\u0131 (I\u0443\u0448\u044d\u0443), kararl\u0131 (\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044d\u0443) ve konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bilen ki\u015filere \u201csamimi, i\u00e7ten ki\u015fi\u201d (\u043bI\u044b \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0437\u044b\u0433\u044a) derlerdi.<\/p>\n Ulusu i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve cesur (\u043f\u0441\u044d\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0431\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044c) ki\u015fileri tan\u0131tan yaz\u0131lar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze\u00a0 eri\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u015e\u2019upek\u2019o \u015eamuz<\/strong> (\u0428I\u0443\u043f\u044d\u043aI\u043e \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0437) \u00fcnl\u00fc Meclis (Xase) ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan biriydi. Adige Ulusunun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan \u00f6nde yi\u011fitlerimizden biri de oydu. \u0130ki karde\u015fi dahil otuz iki (\u0449\u044d\u043aI\u044b\u0440\u044d \u0442I\u0443\u0440\u044d ) akrabas\u0131 Rus sald\u0131rganlara \/ istilac\u0131lara (\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043aI\u043e\u0445\u044d\u043c) kar\u015f\u0131 verilen sava\u015flarda can vermi\u015fti. \u00a0\u201cOnlar i\u00e7in yas tutmuyorum, tek dile\u011fim, onlar gibi onurlu bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6lmektir\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (\u0410\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u044d \u0437\u0433\u044c\u0430\u0435\u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043f, \u00a0\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0449 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d \u043bI\u044d\u043aI\u044d \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044d\u043aI\u044d \u0441\u044b\u043bI\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u0444\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u044c) demi\u015fti \u015eamuz<\/strong>. \u0130ngiliz James Bell<\/strong>, 1837\u2019de \u015eamuz<\/strong> ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00fcnl\u00fc Adige ordu komutan\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak J. Bell<\/strong> \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: \u201cTan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu ki\u015fi sakin (\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0442) ve s\u0131radan (\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0447\u044d\u0443) biriymi\u015f\u00a0 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu, ama kararl\u0131 biri oldu\u011fu da anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Zay\u0131ft\u0131 (\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044a), ama uzun boyluydu ve uzunca bir ak sakal\u0131 da vard\u0131. Ya\u015fam\u0131, \u0130zmail kalesinin ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden beri\u00a0 sava\u015f i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. K\u0131saca s\u00f6ylemem gerekirse, hangi sava\u015ftan kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendisinin de an\u0131msayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da yara izi ta\u015f\u0131yordu\u201d.\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00dcnl\u00fc Meclis ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan ve ordu komutanlar\u0131ndan biri de T\u0131\u011fuj\u0131ko K\u0131zbek<\/strong> (\u0422\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044a\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e \u041a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u0431\u044d\u0447) idi. K\u0131zbek\u2019e, yi\u011fitli\u011fini tan\u0131mlamak \u00fczere \u201c\u00c7erkeslerin Aslan\u0131\u201d<\/strong> (\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u044f\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044a\u0430\u043d) diyorlard\u0131. Rus istilac\u0131lar, Shapsugh diyar\u0131nda, Satruk<\/strong> (\u0421\u0430\u0442\u0440\u044b\u043a\u0443) yak\u0131n\u0131nda bir kale in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdi, ama kaleyi fazla bir s\u00fcre elde tutamad\u0131lar. K\u0131zbek komutas\u0131ndaki Adigeler\u00a0 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kalenin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler. Ruslar 1832 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleyi\u00a0 tahliye etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n \u00dclke y\u00f6netimi ile ilgili i\u015fleri ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen ki\u015filerden\u00a0 biri de Abzegh Meclisi<\/strong> Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hatko Ze\u00e7eriya<\/strong> (Zekeriya) idi. O\u2019na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131 duyan Abzeghler 1847\u2019de bir devlet \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini\u00a0 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler ve be\u015f yerel yarg\u0131 organ\u0131n\u0131n (alt mahkeme)\u00a0 \u00fczerinde bir Y\u00fcksek Yarg\u0131\u00a0 organ\u0131 (Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme)\u00a0 kurmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Adigelere sald\u0131ran Rus odular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nacak savunma \u00f6nlemleri Meclis\u2019te\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Her y\u00fcz ailenin kendi i\u00e7inden\u00a0 se\u00e7ti\u011fi iki ki\u015fi Meclis\u2019in (Xase\u2019nin)\u00a0 toplant\u0131lar\u0131na\u00a0\u00a0 kat\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n 1831 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus deniz birlikleri Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik genel bir \u00e7\u0131kartma harekat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131lar<\/strong>, Adige Meclisi (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u0425\u0430\u0441\u044d) ulusu d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Tarihi belgelerde yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Adigeler ile soyda\u015flar\u0131 Wub\u0131hlara\u00a0\u00a0 boyun e\u011fdirmek i\u00e7in, Rus generalleri Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda kaleler kurma, Adigeleri abluka al\u0131na al\u0131p d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan tecrit\/izole etme\u00a0 kararlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koymu\u015flard\u0131. 1831-1839 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Gelencik, Novorossiysk, Navaginsk (**)<\/strong> ve daha ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok Rus askeri kalesi, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca in\u015fa edildi. Kale in\u015faatlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, Adigelere sald\u0131ran Ruslar, k\u0131y\u0131 boyundaki\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adige yerle\u015fimlerini ate\u015fe vererek yok\u00a0 ettiler, sel gibi de kan ak\u0131tt\u0131lar ve insanlar\u0131 \u00f6z topraklar\u0131ndan att\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Adigeler ku\u015fkusuz Rus \u00e7\u0131kartmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 durdular. 1838 y\u0131l\u0131nda General Simborski<\/strong> komutas\u0131ndaki Rus ordusu \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e<\/strong>\u2019ye (So\u00e7i) \u00e7\u0131kartma yap\u0131nca, Da\u011f halk\u0131 (\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0447I\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044d\u0440) saatlerce s\u00fcren kanl\u0131 bir direni\u015fte bulundu. Ruslar\u0131n \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u2019yi ele ge\u00e7irmeleri, say\u0131 \u00e7oklu\u011fu yan\u0131nda, \u00a0birlikte getirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 toplar\u0131 sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ama Ruslar\u0131n \u201cKaradeniz K\u0131y\u0131\/Kordon Hatt\u0131\u201d<\/strong> ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda\u00a0\u00a0 k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131\/in\u015fa ettikleri\u00a0 askeri yol \u00fczerinde s\u0131ralanan bu kaleler, Adigelerin direni\u015fini bast\u0131rmaya yetmedi.<\/p>\n 1840 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adigeler ve Wub\u0131hlar, birlikte, yi\u011fit Berzeg Hace<\/strong> komutas\u0131nda Rus kalelerini hedef alan genel bir kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. 7 \u015eubat\u2019ta Adigeler Ps\u0131\u015f\u015fuape<\/strong> (\u041f\u0441\u044b\u0448I\u0443\u0430\u043f\u044d) yerinde bulunan Lazarevsk<\/strong> kalesini ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Belgelere g\u00f6re, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, g\u00fcn a\u011farmak \u00fczereyken, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sessizlik i\u00e7inde kaleye do\u011fru ilerleyip kale duvarlar\u0131na\u00a0 t\u0131rmanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ruslar an\u0131nda durumun\u00a0 fark\u0131na vard\u0131lar, Adigeleri top\u00e7u ate\u015fi ve t\u00fcfeklerle\u00a0 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar. Ama Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u00a0 h\u0131zla kalenin i\u00e7ine girdiler ve keskin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131yla istilac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerlerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler ve kaleyi ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Barut f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p ard\u0131ndan kaleyi\u00a0 yerle bir ettiler.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, 29 \u015eubat\u2019da Velyaminovsk<\/strong> kalesi (Tuapse Irma\u011f\u0131 yamac\u0131ndayd\u0131) Adigelerin eline ge\u00e7ti. 22 Mart\u2019da Mihailovsk<\/strong> kalesi, 2 Nisan\u2019da da Nikolayevsk<\/strong> kalesi Adigelerin eline ge\u00e7ti. Kalelerin ele gi\u00e7irili\u015fi s\u00fcrecinde Abzegh, Shapsugh, Natuhay ve Wub\u0131hlar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve sava\u015fmak konusunda kararl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldular. Her topluluk ayr\u0131 askeri birlikler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu, her bir topluluk kendi flama ve bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Ba\u015flar\u0131nda komutanlar\u0131 ve en yi\u011fitleri\u00a0 vard\u0131, y\u00fczer ki\u015filik birliklerden olu\u015fuyordu Adige ordusu. <\/strong><\/p>\n Adige \u00dclkesi\u2019ni koruma amac\u0131yla Meclis\/Xase, de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6revler de \u00fcstlenmi\u015fti. Silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele yan\u0131nda diplomatik giri\u015fimlerin gere\u011fi de biliniyordu. Bunu ilk\u00a0 g\u00fcndeme getiren de Zaneko Sefebey<\/strong> (***) idi. Seferbey Mart 1831\u2019deki Meclis toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, yard\u0131m aramak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye el\u00e7iler (\u043b1\u044b\u043a1\u043e) g\u00f6nderilmesini \u00f6nerdi. \u00d6neriyi yerinde bulan Meclis, \u00a0Zaneko Seferbey ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir heyetin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmesini kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Heyete Adige\/\u00c7erkes Ulusu ad\u0131na d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunma yetkisi verildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir\u00a0 belge de verilmi\u015fti. Belge iki y\u00fcz Adige \u00f6nde geleni ve y\u00f6neticisi taraf\u0131ndan imzalan\u0131p m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmi\u015fti. Heyet Padi\u015fah ve \u00f6nde gelen Osmanl\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonunda Seferbey, T\u00fcrklerin \u00c7erkeslere yard\u0131m etmeyeceklerini anlad\u0131. T\u00fcrkler, bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce imzalad\u0131klar\u0131 1829 Edirne Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bozmak istemiyorlard\u0131. Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine g\u00f6re, \u00c7erkesya (Adige \u00dclkesi) Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015fti. Zaneko Seferbey, Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n haks\u0131z, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve hukuksal dayanaktan yoksun oldu\u011funu biliyordu.<\/p>\n Bu aleyhte olu\u015fuma kar\u015f\u0131n, Seferbey, yine de, \u0130stanbul\u2019da kalmay\u0131, Adige \u00fclkesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte olan olaylar\u0131 do\u011fru bir bi\u00e7imde d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya duyurmay\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Adige \u00f6nderlere mektuplar yazarak d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 kararl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini istedi. 1833\u2019te Seferbey, yan\u0131ndakilerden Jaji Alibey<\/strong>\u2019i (\u0416\u044a\u044d\u0436\u044a\u044b\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0439) Adige \u00fclkesine g\u00f6nderdi. Bu Adige diplomat\u0131, Shapsugh ve Natuhaylar Meclisi toplant\u0131s\u0131nda bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131 ve Zaneko Seferbey\u2019in mektubunu okudu.<\/p>\n Zaneko\u2019nun yan\u0131ndaki heyette Harzeko M\u0131\u015f\u2019evest<\/strong> ile Bestl\u0131ney Hace<\/strong> de bulunuyordu. Bey (p\u015f\u0131) tan\u0131mayan bu ki\u015filer Adige Meclisi\u2019nin temsilcileri olarak \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019ya da gitmi\u015flerdi. Delegasyondan Barakay o\u011flu Dzia\u015f \u0130smail<\/strong> (\u0414\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0448 \u0418\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0445\u044c\u0438\u043b \u0411\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0435 \u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0440) ve Kustar\u0131ko \u0130smail<\/strong> de (\u041a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0445\u044c\u0438\u043b) ulusu i\u00e7in canla ba\u015fla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n Meclis\u2019in belli bir toplanma yeri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi yoktu. Gerektik\u00e7e toplan\u0131yordu. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen konuya g\u00f6re toplant\u0131 s\u00fcresi de\u011fi\u015fiyordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1846\u2019da imam (\u0435\u0444\u044d\u043d\u0434\u044b) M\u0131hamet Haceko<\/strong>\u2019nun iste\u011fi \u00fczerine Adagum Irma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda toplanan Meclis on g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Meclis\u2019e kat\u0131lan insan say\u0131s\u0131 birka\u00e7 on ki\u015fiden ba\u015flayarak birka\u00e7 bin ki\u015fiye ula\u015fabilirdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1863\u2019te Frans\u0131z Fonwill<\/strong>\u2019in de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Meclis\/Xase toplant\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6rt bin ki\u015fi kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7ok ki\u015fi toplanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, Meclis toplant\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131\/verimli\/d\u00fczenli ve sakin ge\u00e7erdi. D\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerden gelmi\u015f olan biliminsan\u0131 ve temsilciler bu toplant\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. J. Longworth<\/strong> \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201cToplant\u0131larda s\u00fckunet ve sayg\u0131 kurallar\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmay\u0131 ve k\u00fcf\u00fcr etmeyi kendilerine yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131yorlar\u201d. <\/em><\/strong>Herkes Meclis\u2019te konu\u015fma hakk\u0131na sahipti, ancak k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndakilerin konu\u015ftu\u011fu\u00a0 pek\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fclmezdi.<\/p>\n Meclis kararlar\u0131 toplumun her kesimine\u00a0 duyurulurdu. Meclis kararlar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmek i\u00e7in ant i\u00e7ilirdi. Meclis kararlar\u0131 \u201cDefter\u201d<\/strong> denilen bir karar defterine yaz\u0131l\u0131r ve Meclis \u00fcyelerinin m\u00fch\u00fcrleriyle m\u00fch\u00fcrlenirdi. M\u00fch\u00fcr\u00fc olmayanlar da\u00a0 parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcrekkebe bat\u0131r\u0131p\u00a0 karar defterine basard\u0131.<\/p>\n Meclis sadece politik bir organ de\u011fildi, yarg\u0131 i\u015flerini de \u00e7\u00f6zerdi. Biliminsan\u0131 Frederic Dubois de Montperre<\/strong>\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, cinayet davalar\u0131n\u0131 yarg\u0131lamak \u00fczere Meclis, 15 ki\u015filik bir yarg\u0131\u00e7lar kurulu (mahkeme heyeti) olu\u015ftururdu.<\/p>\n \u0130nsanlar\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na almak ve yoksullara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak Meclis\u2019in ba\u015fta gelen\u00a0 g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Adige Meclisi\u2019nin, ulusu ilgilendiren t\u00fcm konularda d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n B\u0130LG\u0130 NOTLARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n (*) \u201cAdige Mak\u201d<\/strong>\u0131n bu yaz\u0131s\u0131, \u201cAdige, \u00c7erkes\u201d<\/strong> sitesinden al\u0131n\u0131p taraf\u0131mdan \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Ne yaz\u0131kt\u0131r ki, \u201cAdige Mak\u201d <\/strong>gazetesi, b\u00f6ylesine \u00f6nemli bilimsel\u00a0 yaz\u0131lar\u0131, kendi internet sitesine pek koymuyor. \u201cAdige Mak\u201d sitesinin, gazete yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 vermesi, bir internet ar\u015fivi olu\u015fturmas\u0131, ar\u015fivi okuyucu ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n hizmetine a\u00e7mas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00f6ncelikle okuyucular\u0131n\u00a0 ilgili makamlar kat\u0131nda\u00a0 giri\u015fimlerde bulunmalar\u0131 yararl\u0131 olur diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. -HCY.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u044a\u201d<\/strong> \u0433\u044a\u044d\u0437\u0435\u0442\u044d\u043c \u04481\u044d\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044c \u0442\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043f, \u0442\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u04481\u044d\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044c \u0442\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0430\u043f\u044d\u0447\u044b\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d. \u0413\u044a\u044d\u0437\u0435\u0442\u044d\u043c \u0442\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043f\u0441\u0442\u044d\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043d \u0438\u043a1\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u043a1\u044d \u0423\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043a1\u0438 \u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u044d \u0442\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c\/1\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u043c\u00a0 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u044a\u044d \u044f\u0433\u044a\u044d1\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d, \u043b\u044a\u044d1\u0443 \u0442\u0445\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0444\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d\u00a0 \u0438\u04481\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u043e\u0448\u044a\u0443\u043d \u04411\u043e\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043f\u0449\u044b\u0441\u044d-\u0425\u044c. \u0414\u0436.<\/p>\n (**) <\/strong> Navaginsk kalesi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e yerinde kurulmu\u015ftu. -HCY<\/p>\n (***)<\/strong> \u201cZaneko Seferbey\u201d<\/strong> (\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 1858), \u00f6nceleri bir Rus subay\u0131 idi, ancak Rus istila harekat\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131nca, Ruslar\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p\u00a0 Adigelerin saf\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1853-1856 K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7erkezistan Valisi Sefer Pa\u015fa\u201d <\/strong>ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Adigeler aras\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. -HCY<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Prof. Dr. Ç’IRĞ Ashad Adige Devlet Üniversitesi, Dil ve Kültür Fakültesi Dekanı, Tarih Bilimi Profesörü. Adige Mak, 12 Şubat 2009 (*) Çeviri: HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız ADİGELER KATINDA HALK MECLİSİ’NİN\/XASE’NİN TAŞIDIĞI ÖNEM (ХАСЭМ АДЫГЭХЭМ МЭХЬАНЭУ РАТЫШТЫГЪЭР) Adige ulusunun bağımsız olduğu bundan önceki -1864 öncesi- dönemde Meclis, Adigeler katında özel bir önem taşıyor ve büyük bir işlev 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\nAdige Devlet \u00dcniversitesi, Dil ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Fak\u00fcltesi Dekan\u0131, Tarih Bilimi Profes\u00f6r\u00fc.
\nAdige Mak, 12 \u015eubat 2009 (*)
\n\u00c7eviri: HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/p>\n