{"id":11818,"date":"2019-03-27T14:12:58","date_gmt":"2019-03-27T19:12:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11818"},"modified":"2019-03-27T14:12:58","modified_gmt":"2019-03-27T19:12:58","slug":"kafkasyada-ne-oluyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/kafkasyada-ne-oluyor\/","title":{"rendered":"KAFKASYA’DA NE OLUYOR?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00d6nce \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 belirteyim. Kafkasya ile bire bir bir temas\u0131m yok gibi, olsa bile bilgi alma olanaklar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131mdan ve yaz\u0131lanlardan giderek yorumlarda bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bilgi kirlenmesi olay\u0131 da var ve halen ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 dikkate alarak toplumu bilgilendirmek istiyorum. Bug\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenmek ve gelece\u011fi yorumlamak i\u00e7in, \u00f6nce ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bir g\u00f6z atmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Adige s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7e\u011fi
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcn karar\u0131 1860’da Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Bat\u0131l\u0131 Adigeler, yani boyun e\u011fmi\u015f Natuhaylar<\/strong> (240 bin) ile boyun e\u011fmemi\u015f Shapsughlar<\/strong> (300 bin), Wub\u0131hlar<\/strong> (100 bin) ve bu topluluklar\u0131n eklentileri-Hak\u2019u\u00e7, Ciget, vb i\u00e7in al\u0131nd\u0131, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck gruba 1861’de boyun e\u011fmi\u015f olan Abzeghler<\/strong> (\u0410\u0431\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0445; 260 bin) de dahil edildi (en az 1 milyon insan). S\u00fcrg\u00fcn, yer yer katliama d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bir askeri operasyonla tamamland\u0131 (1864). Bu topluluklar\u0131n hemen hepsi (en az % 99’u) Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi, \u00e7ok az\u0131 da, Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmetince Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 solunda g\u00f6sterilen d\u00fcz arazilere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak yerle\u015ftirildi (*)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Bu trajediyi Kuzey Kafkasya boyutuna yayarak basitle\u015ftirmek ve kendi toplulu\u011funu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmak isteyen \u00e7evreler de var. \u00d6rne\u011fin baz\u0131 topluluklar i\u00e7in y\u00fczde y\u00fcz boyutuna ula\u015fan bir olay, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfus \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi i\u00e7inde\u00a0 oranland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, facian\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutu gizlenebilir ve olay s\u0131radanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Sivrisine\u011fin \u2018dedi\u011fi s\u00f6zler\u2019 \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretici: \u201c\u0410\u0440\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043a\u044a \u0437\u044b\u0445\u0430\u0445\u044b\u043c, \u2018\u0445\u044d\u043f\u0445\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u043f\u043b\u044a, \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043f\u0445\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u043f\u043b\u044a\u2019 \u04381\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u201d\/ \u201cSivrisine\u011fin budu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\/al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u2018\u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\/ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015feye bir bak, bir de bana bir bak\u2019 demi\u015f\u201d <\/strong>(Adige atas\u00f6z\u00fc). <\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong>Bu t\u00fcr yerle\u015ftirmeler i\u00e7in Bkz. \u201cAbzegh \u00dclkesi Bozulunca. . \u201d, CC Tarih, \u0130ndex 1.<\/p>\n

Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u2018Kuzey Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131 Cumhuriyeti\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eubat 1917’de Rus \u0130mparatorluk\/\u00c7arl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi devrildi, Rusya’da ve ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0 illerde sivil inisiyatiflerle ge\u00e7ici <\/strong> \u00a0yerel idareler\/h\u00fck\u00fcmetler<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/p>\n

O s\u0131ralar Kuzey Kafkasya’da Karadeniz<\/strong> ili (guberniya), Kuban, Terek<\/strong> ve Da\u011f\u0131stan<\/strong> oblastlar\u0131 (b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e il) bulunuyordu. \u0130lk iki ilde \u015fimdiki \u015eaps\u0131\u011f<\/strong> ve Adigeler<\/strong> k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck birer az\u0131nl\u0131k idiler (*). Son iki oblastta ise yerliler \u00e7o\u011funluktu. Bu son iki oblasttaki yerli halklar\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen\/varl\u0131kl\u0131\u00a0 temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan, Mart 1917\u2019de\u00a0 \u2018Terek-Da\u011f\u0131stan Oblastlar\u0131 Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’ <\/strong>kuruldu. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet, bir\u00e7ok Rusya yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmeti gibi, 1917 Ekim devrimi \u00fczerine\u00a0 kurulan Sovyet iktidar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> tan\u0131mad\u0131, tan\u0131mamalar\u0131n ve d\u0131\u015f desteklerin bir sonucu olarak\u00a0 i\u00e7 sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131. 1918 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda (Mart-Nisan aylar\u0131nda) Kuzey Kafkasya Sovyet g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin\u00a0 eline ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Bunun \u00fczerine Terek-Da\u011f\u0131stan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ya da k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla \u2018Da\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019<\/strong> temsilcileri\u00a0 b\u00f6lgeyi terk ettiler ve\u00a0 Sovyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131\u00a0 Men\u015fevik
\n-sosyal demokrat- iktidar\u0131 <\/strong>bulunan G\u00fcrcistan<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Tiflis’e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti temsilcileri, oradan G\u00fcrc\u00fc temsilcilerle birlikte, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunmak ve destek aramak \u00fczere Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesine gittiler, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden yard\u0131m\u00a0 ve destek s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 ald\u0131lar. Bunun \u00fczerine, s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki Da\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti temsilcileri, \u00a011 May\u0131s 1918’de, \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir bildiri ve bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla ‘Kuzey Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131 Cumhuriyeti’ (<\/strong>Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus)<\/strong> \u00a0ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k karar\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve Rusya\u2019dan\u00a0 ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ettiler. Yeni cumhuriyet topraklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc\u00a0 70 bin km. kare, n\u00fcfusu da 1 milyon olarak tahmin ediliyordu (**).<\/p>\n


\nDa\u011fl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Delegasyonu, \u0130stanbul, 1918.
\n(\u00d6nde ortadaki ilk Ba\u015fkan Tapa \u00c7ermoyef<\/strong> ya da Abd\u00fclmecit \u00c7ermoyi<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Osmanl\u0131 askeri deste\u011finde Ekim ay\u0131 ile Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Da\u011f\u0131stan’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Asl\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 askeri harekat\u0131 30 Ekim 1918 Mondros M\u00fctarekesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu, son bir gayretke\u015flik idi. Osmanl\u0131lar sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetmi\u015flerdi, bunu biliyor ama gizliyorlard\u0131, nitekim\u00a0 k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Kafkasya’y\u0131 bo\u015faltt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong>1897 Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu resmi n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Karadeniz ilinde 57, 478 toplam n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde 1, 939 (% 3, 37) \u00c7erkes\/\u015eaps\u0131\u011f vard\u0131. Kuban oblast\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Yekaterinodar il\u00e7esinde (otdel), 1897\u2019de 245. 173 toplam n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde 19, 851 (% 8, 1) Adige\/\u00c7erkes vard\u0131, 283, 117 n\u00fcfuslu Maykop il\u00e7esinde (otdel)\u00a0 13, 892 (% 4, 9) Adige\/\u00c7erkes\u00a0 ve 5, 851 (% 2, 1) Kabardey\u00a0 (Kuban Kabardeyleri olmal\u0131) bulunuyordu. Batalpa\u015finsk (\u015fimdi-\u00c7erkessk) il\u00e7esinin (otdel) 215. 400 toplam n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7inde 26, 867 (% 12, 47) Kara\u00e7ay, 10, 370 (% 4, 81) Abaza, 8, 452 (% 3, 92) Kabardey, 3, 962 (% 1, 84) Adige\/\u00c7erkes (Besleney olmal\u0131) n\u00fcfus g\u00f6steriliyordu. Bkz. \u00a0\u2018<\/strong>\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u2019-\u0412\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n

(**)<\/strong> Birer uzman olan Allen ve Muratoff\u2019a g\u00f6re, Da\u011f\u0131stan n\u00fcfusu 1914\u2019te \u201cbir bu\u00e7uk milyon\u201d olarak tahmin ediliyordu. \u00a0Bkz. W. E. D. Allen ve \u00f6l\u00fc Paul Muratoff, \u00a0\u201cKafkas Harekat\u0131, 1828-1921 T\u00fcrk-Kafkas S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Harplerin Tarihi\u201d<\/strong>, s. 468.<\/p>\n

Bu da Rus \u0130mparatorluk n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrklerinki gibi pek de g\u00fcvenilir olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 belli ediyor. Eski Sovyet D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 ve eski G\u00fcrcistan Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Eduard \u015eevardnadze, 2008\u2019de Da\u011f\u0131stan n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7in \u201c4, 5 milyon\u201d rakam\u0131n\u0131 telaffuz etmi\u015fti. Oysa 2002 resmi n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131stan n\u00fcfusu 2, 576, 531 olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Bkz. \u00a0\u2018Dagestan\u2019<\/strong>-Wikipedia. Ayr\u0131ca Bkz. \u00a0Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus-<\/strong>Wikipedia.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019da \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f ve K. K. Da\u011fl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin ikinci kez da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Rusya’da General Denikin <\/strong>komutas\u0131nda Sovyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir ordu ve y\u00f6netim kuruldu. Da\u011fl\u0131<\/strong> ya da ‘Kuzey Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131 Cumhuriyeti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti’<\/strong>, Sovyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 General Denikin y\u00f6netimi ile yap\u0131s\u0131 gere\u011fi sava\u015fmak yerine onunla\u00a0 birle\u015fti ve onun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu, Da\u011fl\u0131 milisler de Sovyetlerle\/Bol\u015feviklerle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere\u00a0 kuzeye, cepheye sevk edildiler. Bir s\u00fcre sonra, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fen General Denikin, General Wrangel<\/strong> ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131k i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve Rusya\u2019dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. General Denikin\u2019in yerini General Wrangel ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

General Denikin\u2019in d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve Sovyet ilerlemesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Tiflis\u2019e \u00e7ekilen baz\u0131 Da\u011fl\u0131 liderler (*<\/strong>) General Wrangel<\/strong>\u2019in ilerlemesi \u00fczerine, Wrangel\u2019e\u00a0 ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kurulan yeni Terek oblast\u0131<\/strong> \u00a0h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde<\/strong> bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revleri ald\u0131lar ama Sovyetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yenilerek b\u00f6lgeyi terk ettiler (1920).<\/p>\n

Bu arada \u00c7e\u00e7en \u015eeyhi Uzun Hac\u0131<\/strong>, General Denikin kuvvetleri ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Uzun Hac\u0131 \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulan ve \u015eeyh\u2019in \u00f6lmesi \u00fczerine\u00a0 da\u011f\u0131lan \u2018Kafkasya Emirli\u011fi Devleti\u2019 <\/strong>ile \u20181920-1921<\/strong> Da\u011f\u0131stan ayaklanmas\u0131\u2019<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda kurulu\u015fu ilan edilen \u2018h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019 de \u2018Kuzey Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131 Cumhuriyeti\u2019 ile \u2018ili\u015fkilendirerek\u2019, cumhuriyetin 1918-1921 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde as\u0131ls\u0131z ve yak\u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler de\u00a0 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclebilmektedir (**<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong>P\u015fimaho Kosok\/Kotse P\u015f\u0131maho, vb.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong>Bkz. \u00a0\u20181920-1921 Da\u011f\u0131stan ayaklanmas\u0131\u2019 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Da\u011f\u0131stan ve Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyetleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da Sovyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131\u00a0 g\u00fc\u00e7ler bast\u0131r\u0131larak, 30 Mart 1920\u2019de Sovyet iktidar\u0131 yeniden kuruldu. A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de, Sovyet y\u00f6netimi\u00a0 Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131na \u00f6zerklik verilmesi karar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. \u00d6nce, bir \u2018Kuzey Kafkasya Sovyet Cumhuriyeti\u2019<\/strong> kuruldu. Ard\u0131ndan bu cumhuriyetin yerli n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bulunan\u00a0 kesimlerini kapsayan ve etnik-b\u00f6lgesel temele dayanan iki \u00f6zerk devlet kuruldu: Rusya Sovyet Federatif Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne (RSFSC) ba\u011fl\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131stan \u00d6zerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti <\/strong>(1)<\/em> ile Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6zerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti <\/strong>(2)<\/em> kuruldu (Kas\u0131m 1920; onama: 21 Ocak 1921).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Rusya FSSC\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kurulan \u2018Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019 <\/strong>haritas\u0131, 1921
\n(Kabardey okrugu geni\u015f, Kara\u00e7ay ve Balkar okruglar\u0131 ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcrler.) (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck haritada ise, Kara\u00e7ay topraklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fuda Kabardey okrugundan al\u0131nan bir par\u00e7a, bat\u0131da da eski Adige topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden geni\u015fletilerek, kahverengi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 misli b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Kabardey\u2019i ge\u00e7ti\u011fi\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Balkar yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ise, zaman i\u00e7inde kuzeye do\u011fru geni\u015fleyerek\u00a0 Nal\u00e7ik\u2019in dibine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kabardeyleri g\u00fcneyden \u00e7ember i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 s\u00f6yleniyor. Balkarlar \u015fimdi de Kabardeyleri da\u011flardan\/da\u011f \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorlar.)<\/p>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti okruglar\u0131 bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya do\u011fru \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralan\u0131yordu: 1) Kara\u00e7ay, 2) Kabardey, 3) Balkar, 4) Oset, 5) \u0130ngu\u015f, 6) Sunjenski Kazaklar\u0131, 7)\u00a0\u00c7e\u00e7en. Merkezi Vladikavkaz<\/strong> idi ve bir de Grozni<\/strong> kentsel alan\u0131 bulunuyordu. Sunjenski Kazak Okrugu\u2019nun \u00c7e\u00e7en Okrugu i\u00e7inde bir cebi de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1)<\/strong> Da\u011f\u0131stan oblast\u0131 yerinde<\/p>\n

(2)<\/strong> Terek oblast\u0131 yerli n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bulunan\u00a0 g\u00fcney kesiminde<\/p>\n

1920-1921 Da\u011f\u0131stan ayaklanmas\u0131
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

General Denikin\u2019in i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131 \u0130mam Najmudin Gotsinski<\/strong>\u00a0 ve eski \u00c7arl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi subaylar\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Eyl\u00fcl 1920\u2019de Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da Sovyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131\u00a0 bir ayaklanma oldu. Ayaklanma, halk taraf\u0131ndan sevilmeyen ve kendi halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 silah kullanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerce d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Bu nedenle isyana kat\u0131lan insan say\u0131s\u0131 3 bini ge\u00e7emedi. Ayaklanma \u0130mam Najmudin Gotsinski<\/strong> ve Albay Kaitmas Alikhanov<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Alikhanov\u2019un karde\u015fi Avarski<\/strong> \u00c7arl\u0131k subay\u0131 olarak soyda\u015flar\u0131na silah \u00e7ekmi\u015f olan biriydi. Silahl\u0131 birliklerin ba\u015f\u0131 da, kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci Rus generali Wrangel<\/strong>\u2019in subaylar\u0131ndan Albay Jafarov<\/strong> idi. \u0130mam \u015eamil<\/strong>\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019dan getirtilen torunu Said \u015eamil <\/strong> ise, sadece bir \u2019s\u00fcs\u2019 ve bir propaganda unsuru olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayaklanma May\u0131s 1921\u2019de bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 (*).<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) Da\u011f\u0131stan ayaklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Bkz. W. E. D. Allen ve \u00f6l\u00fc Paul Muratoff,\u00a0\u201cKafkas Harekat\u0131, 1828-1921 T\u00fcrk-Kafkas S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Harplerin Tarihi\u201d<\/strong>, s. 464-490.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin\u00a0 da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kas\u0131m 1920\u2019de kurulan, 21 Ocak 1921\u2019de de Moskova taraf\u0131ndan onanan Da\u011fl\u0131 Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden ilkin \u2018Kabardey Okrugu\u2019<\/strong> (il\u00e7e) ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1 Eyl\u00fcl 1921\u2019de \u2018Kabardey \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> (il) kuruldu. Stat\u00fc y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f ise de\u00a0 Kabardey okrugu topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bat\u0131da Kara\u00e7aylara<\/strong>, do\u011fuda da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm (Mozdok y\u00f6resi) Osetlere<\/strong> b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 .<\/p>\n

12 Ocak 1922\u2019de, Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden ayr\u0131lan \u2018Kara\u00e7ay okrugu\u2019<\/strong>, \u2018Kuban-Karadeniz oblast\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u00c7erkes n\u00fcfuslu\u00a0 Batalpa\u015finsk y\u00f6resi<\/strong> (otdel) ile birle\u015ftirildi ve geni\u015f arazili bir \u2018Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> kuruldu (14,1 bin km.kare). 16 Ocak\u2019ta da \u2018Kabardey-Balkar \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/p>\n

Bu olu\u015fumlar\u0131n hepsinden, Sovyet rejimini sempatiyle kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle Kara\u00e7aylar, ard\u0131ndan da Balkarlar karl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar, da\u011flarda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalmaktan kurtulup artan n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirecek yeni yerlere kavu\u015ftular.<\/p>\n

27 Temmuz 1922\u2019de Kuban-Karadeniz oblast\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak \u2018Adige \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019 <\/strong>kuruldu, ard\u0131ndan bir okrug (il\u00e7e) olarak yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden ayr\u0131larak 30 Kas\u0131m 1922\u2019de de\u00a0 \u2018\u00c7e\u00e7en \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/p>\n

7 Temmuz 1924\u2019te \u2018Kuzey Oset \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> ve \u2018\u0130ngu\u015f \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong>n\u0131n da kurulmas\u0131yla Da\u011fl\u0131 \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f oldu (7 Temmuz 1924).<\/p>\n

Etnik olu\u015fum devam etti: 23 Eyl\u00fcl 1924\u2019te, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Tuapse<\/strong> kenti merkezli \u2018\u015eaps\u0131\u011f Ulusal Rayonu\u2019<\/strong> olu\u015fturuldu (*).<\/p>\n

15 Ocak 1934\u2019te \u00c7e\u00e7en ve \u0130ngu\u015f \u00f6zerk oblastlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesiyle \u2018\u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ndeki 1936 Anayasas\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Kabardey-Balkar, Kuzey Oset<\/strong> ve \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f<\/strong> \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeleri, 5 Aral\u0131k 1936\u2019da\u00a0 birer \u00f6zerk cumhuriyet <\/strong>oldular.<\/p>\n

Bu arada Adige \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131<\/strong>\u2019na da yeni topraklar -Cace\/Giaginskiy rayonu ve Maykop \u00a0kentsel alan\u0131-<\/strong> eklendi, ba\u015fkent Krasnodar\u2019dan Maykop\u2019a nakledildi (**).<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki yerel siyasi ve idari \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler tamamlanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) Daha \u00e7ok bilgi i\u00e7in Bkz. Tamara V. Polovinkina, \u00a0\u2018\u00c7erkesya G\u00f6n\u00fcl Yaram\u201d, <\/strong>Ankara, 2007; ayr\u0131ca \u201c\u015eaps\u0131\u011f Ulusal Rayonu\u201d-<\/strong>Vikipedi<\/p>\n

(**) Daha \u00e7ok bilgi i\u00e7in Bkz. \u00a0\u2018Adige \u00dclkesi-4\u2019<\/strong>, CC Turizm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya ve tarih\u00e7e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

12 Ocak 1922\u2019de kurulan \u2018Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong>, 26 Nisan 1926\u2019da \u2018Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> (K\u00d6O) ve \u2018\u00c7erkes Ulusal Okrugu\u2019<\/strong> (\u00c7UO) bi\u00e7iminde ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7UO, 30 Nisan 1928\u2019de \u2018\u00c7erkes \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> oldu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1943\u2019te Kara\u00e7ay ve \u00c7erkes \u00f6zerk oblastlar\u0131<\/p>\n

26 Nisan 1926\u2019da kurulan Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6O<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 11,5 bin km. kare, ba\u015fkenti Mikoyan-\u015eahar<\/strong> (\u015fimdi- Kara\u00e7ayevsk), n\u00fcfusu 150,3 bin idi (1939). Bu n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde % 46,8 Kara\u00e7ay (70,3 bin), % 43 Rus (64,6 bin) ve % 2,6 Abaza (3,9 bin) bulunuyordu (*).<\/p>\n

Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6O topraklar\u0131na, eski Kabardey okrugundan al\u0131nan bir par\u00e7a d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, eski Adige topraklar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir par\u00e7a daha eklenerek, oblast\u0131n bat\u0131ya do\u011fru geni\u015flemesi ve Kara\u00e7aylar\u0131n d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmalar\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Ancak oblast\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki bu yeni yerler Rus\/Kazak n\u00fcfuslu olan da\u011fl\u0131k alanlardan olu\u015fuyordu (**)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2018Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6O\u2019 1943\u2019te kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan ile Stavropol kray aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, Kara\u00e7ay etnik ulusu ise \u2018Alman istilac\u0131lara\/Nazilere destek verdi\u011fi\u2019<\/strong> su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla topluca Kazakistan\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Kafkasya’da olanlar… Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe k\u0131sa bir bak\u0131\u015f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ulusal giysileri i\u00e7inde bir Kara\u00e7ay delikanl\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n

30 Nisan 1928\u2019de kurulan \u00c7erkes \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n (\u00c7\u00d6O) ise y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 3,3 bin km. kare, ba\u015fkenti \u00c7erkessk <\/strong>(\u015eerceskale), n\u00fcfusu 92,9 bin idi (1939). Bu n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde % 58,3 Rus (54,1 bin), % 17,2 \u00c7erkes (16 bin), % 11 Abaza (10,2 bin) ve % 7,3 Nogay (6, 8 bin) vard\u0131. Oblast, Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6O\u2019na ge\u00e7i\u015f yolu b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gere\u011fi nedeniyle g\u00fcneyden b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, yani \u00c7erkes oblast\u0131n\u0131n kom\u015fu Kara\u00e7ay oblast\u0131 i\u00e7inde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir cebi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Her ayr\u0131lmada \u00c7erkes ve Kabardey topraklar\u0131 ufalan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1943\u2019te kald\u0131r\u0131lan Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6O<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n eski topraklar\u0131 ile varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam eden\u00a0 \u00c7erkes \u00d6O<\/strong> topraklar\u0131, bir \u00fcst kararla, 9 Ocak 1957\u2019de birle\u015ftirildi ve 26 Nisan 1926 \u00f6ncesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, \u2018Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes \u00d6zerk<\/strong> Oblast\u0131\u2019<\/strong> yeniden kuruldu\/ihya edildi.<\/p>\n

Bu ikinci birle\u015fme \u00c7erkesleri yine vurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bir H\u0131ristiyan tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Teberda, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Birle\u015ftirilme \u00c7erkeslerin aleyhine, Kara\u00e7aylar\u0131n ise lehine idi. Eski Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6O topraklar\u0131 daha geni\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorsa da bu topra\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ekonomik de\u011feri olmayan ya da Kazaklar\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 akarsu vadileri\/boylar\u0131 ile da\u011fl\u0131k alanlardan olu\u015fuyordu (***).<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes Cumhuriyeti Haritas\u0131<\/p>\n

    Kazakistan\u2019dan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f sonucu Kara\u00e7aylar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc eski \u00c7erkes \u00d6O topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildi. Kara\u00e7aylar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00c7erkessk kenti (2008\u2019de 116,3 bin n\u00fcfus) ile \u00c7erkes k\u00f6ylerinde ya da yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda devlet\u00e7e yeni konutlar in\u015fa ettirilerek kurulan mahalle, site ve yeni k\u00f6ylere yerle\u015ftirildiler (1957 ve sonras\u0131nda). Kara\u00e7ay kenti ise Kara\u00e7ayevsk kentidir (2009\u2019da 19,7 bin).
    \n<\/p>\n

    2006 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya rayonlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve idari merkezleri<\/p>\n

    \u015eimdiki Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya rayonlar\u0131: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Rayon<\/strong><\/td>\n 1 Ocak 2007\u2019de n\u00fcfus<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0410\u0431\u0430za rayonu<\/td>\n13.835<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ad\u0131ge-Hable<\/td>\n26.223<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Zelen\u00e7ukskiy<\/td>\n50.493<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041a\u0430ra\u00e7ayevski<\/td>\n24.693<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Malokara\u00e7ayevski<\/td>\n39.787<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nogay rayonu<\/td>\n15.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Prikubanskiy<\/td>\n27.654<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Urupskiy<\/td>\n17.858<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ust Cegutinskiy<\/td>\n48.927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Habez<\/td>\n28.118<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    1959\u2019da Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde 81 bin Kara\u00e7ay, 42 bin Balkar, 30 bin \u00c7erkes\u00a0 ve 80 bin Adige bulunuyordu. 43 y\u0131l sonra, 2002\u2019de Kara\u00e7ay say\u0131s\u0131 192,182 (% 137 ya da 2,37 kat\u00a0 art\u0131\u015f), Balkar say\u0131s\u0131 108,426 (% 158 ya da 2,57 kat art\u0131\u015f), \u00c7erkes say\u0131s\u0131 60,517\u2019de (% 101\u00a0 ya da 2 kat art\u0131\u015f), Adige say\u0131s\u0131 ise 128,528\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (% 60,6 ya da 1,6 kat art\u0131\u015f). Kara\u00e7ay ve Balkarlar dinamik bir n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131na sahiptirler ve art\u0131k di\u015f g\u00f6sterebildiklerine g\u00f6re, \u00a0Kabardeyleri ve \u00c7erkesleri (\u0428\u044d\u0440\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0441) zor g\u00fcnler bekliyor olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> etnik bile\u015fimi: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n \u00a01926 say\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n \u00a0 1939 say\u0131m\u0131 (1)<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n \u00a0 1959 say\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n \u00a01970 say\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n \u00a01979 say\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n \u00a01989 say\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n \u00a02002 say\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kara\u00e7<\/strong>aylar<\/td>\n52, 875 (52. 0%)<\/td>\n70, 932 (29. 2%)<\/td>\n67, 830 (24. 4%)<\/td>\n97, 104 (28. 2%)<\/td>\n109, 196 (29. 7%)<\/td>\n129, 449 (31. 2%)<\/td>\n169, 198 (38. 5%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00c7erkesler<\/td>\n16, 186 (15. 9%)<\/td>\n17, 667 (7. 3%)<\/td>\n24, 145 (8. 7%)<\/td>\n31, 190 (9. 0%)<\/td>\n34, 430 (9. 4%)<\/td>\n40, 241 (9. 7%)<\/td>\n49, 591 (11. 3%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Abazalar<\/td>\n13, 731 (13. 5%)<\/td>\n14, 138 (5. 8%)<\/td>\n18, 159 (6. 5%)<\/td>\n22, 896 (6. 6%)<\/td>\n24, 245 (6. 6%)<\/td>\n27, 475 (6. 6%)<\/td>\n32, 346 (7. 4%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ruslar<\/td>\n2, 593 (2. 6%)<\/td>\n118, 785 (48. 8%)<\/td>\n141, 843 (51. 0%)<\/td>\n162, 442 (47. 1%)<\/td>\n165, 451 (45. 1%)<\/td>\n175, 931 (42. 4%)<\/td>\n147, 878 (33. 6%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nogaylar<\/td>\n6, 263 (6. 2%)<\/td>\n6, 869 (2. 8%)<\/td>\n8, 903 (3. 2%)<\/td>\n11, 062 (3. 2%)<\/td>\n11, 872 (3. 2%)<\/td>\n12, 993 (3. 1%)<\/td>\n14, 873 (3. 4%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Di\u011ferleri<\/td>\n9, 961 (9. 8%)<\/td>\n14, 810 (6. 1%)<\/td>\n17, 079 (6. 1%)<\/td>\n19, 957 (5. 8%)<\/td>\n21, 917 (6. 0%)<\/td>\n28, 881 (7. 0%)<\/td>\n25, 584 (5. 8%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    (1) <\/strong>1939 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 rakam\u0131, etnik n\u00fcfus ve oranlar, Kara\u00e7ay ve \u00c7erkes \u00f6zerk oblastlar\u0131 n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015ftirilmesi yoluyla bulunmu\u015f olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    (*)<\/strong> Bkz. \u00a0\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u041e<\/a><\/p>\n

    (**) <\/strong>Bu yerlerde \u015fimdi \u015fu rayonlar bulunuyor: \u00a0\u201cUrupskiy rayon\u201d<\/strong> , 2782 km. kare, 17, 700 n\u00fcfus, merkezi Pregradnaya stanitsas\u0131-6, 5 bin ve \u201cZelen\u00e7ukskiy rayon\u201d<\/strong> , 2931 km. kare, 49, 9 bin n\u00fcfus (2008), merkezi Zelen\u00e7ukskaya stanitsas\u0131-21 bin.<\/p>\n

    (***) <\/b> Bu topraklar yaz ve da\u011f turizmi yan\u0131nda, 2 bin ile 3 bin\u00a0 metreleri aras\u0131 yerler yaz\/yayla \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131 ile kapl\u0131 meralar olarak ekonomik de\u011fer de ta\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Ulusal Y\u0131k\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131m getirdi. \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f Cumhuriyeti<\/strong> (3 Mart 1944) , Kabardey-Balkar Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Balkar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong> (1944), Kara\u00e7ay \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131<\/strong> (1943) ve \u015eaps\u0131\u011f Ulusal Rayonu<\/strong> (fesih karar\u01311943\u2019te al\u0131nd\u0131, onamas\u0131- 24 May\u0131s 1945)\u00a0 kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Rus Sovyet\/Stalin\u00a0 totalitarizmi 10 ulusal toplulu\u011fu topra\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fc, ek olarak, 40 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ulusa daha zul\u00fcm uygulad\u0131. Baz\u0131 halklara haklar\u0131 geri verildi; Kara\u00e7ay, Balkar, \u00c7e\u00e7en, \u0130ngu\u015f ve Kalm\u0131klar \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimleri yeniden olu\u015fturularak, devlet taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden geri getirildiler. Ancak Volga Almanlar\u0131 Cumhuriyeti ile K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar Cumhuriyeti ve Shapsugh Ulusal Rayonu halklar\u0131na ise, eski stat\u00fc ve topraklar\u0131 geri verilmedi.<\/p>\n

    Bu arada Adigeler erkek n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 % 60\u2019n\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde\u00a0 yitirdiler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız I   Önce şu kadarını belirteyim. Kafkasya ile bire bir bir temasım yok gibi, olsa bile bilgi alma olanakları kısıtlı. Ancak araştırmalarımdan ve yazılanlardan giderek yorumlarda bulunmaya çalışıyorum. Ayrıca büyük bir bilgi kirlenmesi olayı da var ve halen yaşanıyor. Bütün bunları dikkate alarak toplumu bilgilendirmek istiyorum. Bugünü öğrenmek ve geleceği yorumlamak için, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11818"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11820,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11818\/revisions\/11820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}