{"id":11905,"date":"2019-03-27T15:31:26","date_gmt":"2019-03-27T20:31:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=11905"},"modified":"2019-03-27T15:31:26","modified_gmt":"2019-03-27T20:31:26","slug":"borodino-savasinda-yer-alan-adige-kahramanlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/borodino-savasinda-yer-alan-adige-kahramanlari\/","title":{"rendered":"BOROD\u0130NO SAVA\u015eI’NDA YER ALAN AD\u0130GE KAHRAMANLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

B<\/span>EMIRZE<\/span> Zurab<\/span><\/span><\/b>
\nAdige Mak Gazetesi, Kas\u0131m 2012
\n<\/span> <\/span> Yay\u0131na <\/span>H<\/span>az\u0131rlayan<\/span>:<\/span> \u015eAVKO Aslangua\u015f
\n<\/span><\/span> \u00c7eviri: A\u00c7UMIJ Hilmi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rusya‘<\/span>da, 1812 y\u0131l\u0131 Borodino Sava\u015f\u0131‘<\/span>n\u0131n 200. y\u0131l\u0131 anmalar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak kutlan\u0131yor. Borodino yerle\u015fkesi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda 8 Ekim tarihinde General Kutuzov’un komutas\u0131ndaki Rus ordular\u0131 ile Napolyon‘<\/span>un Frans\u0131z ordular\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu sava\u015f hakk\u0131nda \u015fark\u0131lar bestelendi, poemler yaz\u0131ld\u0131, belgesel ve sanatsal filimler \u00e7ekildi. Rus ve Frans\u0131z ordular\u0131 12 saat sava\u015ft\u0131lar. D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n Moskova‘<\/span>ya ula\u015fmas\u0131na 125 kilometre kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Napolyon; ‘<\/span>‘B\u00fct\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sava\u015flar aras\u0131nda en a\u011f\u0131r\u0131 Borodino yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sava\u015ft\u0131. Burada Frans\u0131zlar zafere lay\u0131k olduklar\u0131n\u0131 Rus ordusu ise kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z elli sava\u015f aras\u0131nda F<\/span>rans\u0131zlar\u0131n yi\u011fitliklerini en \u00e7ok g\u00f6sterdikleri Borodino sava\u015f\u0131yd\u0131 fakat \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131 elde edemediler‘<\/span>‘ demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes Cumhuriyeti ‘\u00c7erkes <\/span>\u00fc<\/span>lkesi’ gazetesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 Bem\u0131rze Zurab Borodino S<\/span>ava\u015f\u0131‘<\/span>n\u0131n 200. y\u0131l\u0131 ve bu sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan Adigeler hakk\u0131nda bir makale ayn\u0131 gazetede yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu yeni ve ilgin\u00e7 bilgide Rusya devletin en zor duruma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hallerde Adigelerin onlara yard\u0131m etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine, ayr\u0131ca en \u00e7okta bu sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan Ad\u0131glerin isimleri ile an\u0131l\u0131yor olamas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekici. Bizde \u00f6zetlenmi\u015f bir \u015fekilde bu bilgiyi gazetemiz okuyucular\u0131na sunuyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

HATH MUHAMMED<\/p>\n

<\/b>HATH Muhammed ad\u0131na yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fark\u0131y\u0131o bilemeyen var m\u0131d\u0131r? Herkes biliyor. Fakat \u015fimdiye kadar pek \u00e7ok kimsenin Onun Borodino S<\/span>ava\u015f\u0131‘<\/span>na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kahramanl\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini bildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek zor olsa gerek.
\nHATH \u011euaze o\u011flu Muhammed Shapsugh<\/span> S\u00fcvarileri aras\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 durmu\u015ftu. Bu s\u00fcvariler Denis Dav\u0131d\u0131v’a ba\u011fl\u0131 gerilla gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. Adigeler az bir kuvvetle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l durulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi biliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7iler, bilimadamlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011funa g\u00f6re, 1812 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan gerilla sava\u015f\u0131 Adigelerden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu konuda \u00f6rnek olan grup ise HATH Muhammed‘<\/span>e ve onun i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcvarilerdi. Onlar d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131yor, karargahlar\u0131na bask\u0131nlar yap\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Shapsugh<\/span>lar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6yleneceler aras\u0131nda HATH Muhammed‘<\/span>in \u00c7erkes a<\/span>tlar\u0131ndan Be\u00e7k<\/span>an cinsi at\u0131 ile Paris‘<\/span>e kadar gitti\u011fi yer al\u0131yor. Tarihi eserlerde ve s\u00f6ylencelerde o<\/span>nun d\u00fc\u015fman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda can\u0131n\u0131 esirgemeyen, korku bilmeyen bir \u015fekilde rakiplerine sald\u0131rmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7ok say\u0131da haber yer al\u0131yor. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00c7ERA<\/span>\u015eE Tembot’a ait ‘Shapsugh<\/span> K\u0131z\u0131’ isimli povestte dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

BOLETIKO KAYBIY
\n<\/b>
\nHATH Muhammed’den ba\u015fka pek \u00e7ok Adige yi\u011fidi de Frans\u0131zlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda durdu. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Adige p\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan Simferepol S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131 Komutan\u0131 Yarbay BOLETIKO Kril Matveyo\u011flu (Memetb\u0131y Y\u0131ko Kayb\u0131y). Tarihte yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re 6 Ekim 1812 tarihinde Borodino Sava\u015f\u0131’nda kahramanl\u0131k g\u00f6stererek yer ald\u0131 ve yaraland\u0131. Yaral\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n kendilerini toplayarak Ruslar\u0131n yorulmu\u015f hallerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bir s\u00fcvari grubu olu\u015fturarak, ata\u011fa ge\u00e7en d\u00fc\u015fman birliklerinin aras\u0131ndan kur\u015fun gibi ge\u00e7erek Frans\u0131z top\u00e7u birliklerine sald\u0131rarak top\u00e7ular\u0131 esir al\u0131p toplar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu sava\u015fta g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yi\u011fitliklerinden dolay\u0131 Adige yi\u011fidi terfi ettirilerek General-mayor yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden Aziz Georgiy ni\u015fan\u0131 ile taltif edildi.<\/p>\n

Kayb\u0131y’\u0131n dedesinin dedesi en zengin Kabardey p\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yeral\u0131yordu. \u00c7’em\u0131rguy k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor. 1709 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131m’a yerle\u015ferek Kaplangeriy’in maliye naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Torunu Memetb\u0131y ise 1758-1764 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131mCer\u0131y d\u00f6neminde maliye naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ard\u0131ndanda dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onunda o\u011flu Kayb\u0131y’d\u0131. K\u0131saca Bolet\u0131kolar tarihte b\u00f6yle iz b\u0131rakt\u0131lar, onlar\u0131n nesillerinden Bolet\u0131ko Kayb\u0131y’\u0131n Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 durdu\u011fu \u015fekil g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de unutulmuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

PECIDE ADILCERIY
\n<\/b>
\nBir di\u011fer Adige sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 PECIDE (Begidov) Ad\u0131lcer\u0131y (David Grigoyevi\u00e7) Ataman Platov’un yaveriydi, ard\u0131ndan general-mayor oldu. 1806 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa, 1806-1812 Osmanl\u0131larla yap\u0131lan sava\u015flarda yer ald\u0131, 1812 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki sava\u015fta g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131lardan dolay\u0131 \u00fczerinde ‘Yi\u011fitli\u011fine’ yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir alt\u0131n silah ile 4. dereceden Aziz Georgiy, 2. dereceden elmas ve yakut i\u015flemeli Aziz Anna, 3. dereceden \u015feritli Aziz Vlademir, Prusskaya ‘Liyakat’ ni\u015fanlar\u0131 ile Preysi\u015f-Eylauske alt\u0131n ha\u00e7\u0131 ve ba\u015fka pek \u00e7ok say\u0131da madalya ile taltif edildi.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131lcer\u0131y Rus ordusunda, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 bozguna u\u011fratarak, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de yap\u0131lan sava\u015flarda yer ald\u0131, Laypzig yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki ‘halk sava\u015f\u0131’ isimli sava\u015ftada yer ald\u0131 1828-1829 Rus-T\u00fcrk sava\u015flar\u0131nda 3 s\u00fcvari alay\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan birliklere komutanl\u0131k yapt\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Moldovya ve Valahyada bulunan be\u015f alay\u0131 kapsayan ordununda komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

General Mayor PECIDE Ad\u0131lcer\u0131y’nin s\u00fclalasi Kabardeydi ve Rusya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc komutanlar olan Gori\u00e7 karde\u015fler ile de akrabayd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

ME\u011eUREKO P\u015eIKUY, HUNKELE AHMETBIY
\n<\/b>
\nRusya’ya sald\u0131ran Frans\u0131zlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda can\u0131n\u0131 esirgemeden sava\u015fan Adigeler aras\u0131nda Shapsugh vorklar\u0131ndan ME\u011eUREKO Doletcer\u0131y Yiko P\u015f\u0131kuy da vard\u0131. O T\u00fcrklerle Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan d\u00f6rt sava\u015fta yer ald\u0131. 1812 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck kahramanl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi, sava\u015fta ve tarihte ad\u0131 yer ald\u0131. P\u015f\u0131kuy’un kendi milleti ve onun tarihi hakk\u0131nda derin bilgi sahibiydi. G. Novitski’nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etnografik ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131 yazar\u0131 olarak bilinir.
\nBu sava\u015fta yer alan bir ba\u015fka Adige ise K\u0131r\u0131m’da ya\u015fayan Adige p\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan HUNKELE (Hunkalov) Ahmetb\u0131y. Perekopske s\u00fcvari alay\u0131 komutan\u0131yd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u015eE\u015eEN (\u00c7E\u00c7EN) ALEKSANDR
\n<\/b>
\nDi\u011fer Adige komutanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u015eE\u015eEN Nikolay o\u011flu Aleksandr’da vard\u0131. Bir d\u00f6nem onun milleti \u00fczerinde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu, hangi milletten oldu\u011fu konusunda fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131. \u00c7e\u00e7en tarih\u00e7ilerine g\u00f6re Aleksandr \u00c7e\u00e7en milletindendi, do\u011fdu\u011fu k\u00f6y\u00fcde tespit ettiklerini belirtiyorlar.<\/p>\n

Fakat Denis Davidov’a ait ”Gerillalar Nas\u0131l Hareket Ediyorlar G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”nde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ‘O, Ali, \u00c7e\u00e7en (\u015ee\u015fen) yurdundan \u00e7ocukken getirilmi\u015f bir \u00c7erkes’. O tarihlerde yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131larda \u00e7okca t\u00fcm Kafkasya ya\u015fayanlar\u0131na \u00c7erkes denildi\u011fine rastlan\u0131yor. Bilimadam\u0131 ABAZE Albe\u00e7 Aleksandr ise ‘Rus s\u00fcvari ordusunda Adige ulusundan \u015eE\u015eEN Nikolay o\u011flu Aleksandr’ diyerek yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Her hal\u00fckarda, Aleksandr \u00e7ocukken Kafkasya’dan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek Rus Generali Nikolay Rayevske taraf\u0131ndan evlatl\u0131k al\u0131nd\u0131. Soyad\u0131 olarak \u00c7e\u00e7enski, baba ad\u0131 olarak Nikolay ve isim olarakta Aleksandr\u0131 ona veren de General Rayevskeydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Aleksandr 1805-1807 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015fta yer ald\u0131. Preysi\u015f-Elau isimli kentin yan\u0131ndaki sava\u015fta PECIDE Ad\u0131lcer\u0131y ile birlikte sava\u015ft\u0131. Bu sav\u015fata d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden Aziz Georgiy \u015feritli ni\u015fan\u0131 ve ‘yi\u011fitli\u011fine’ yaz\u0131l\u0131 silah\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

1812 y\u0131l\u0131nda, sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda albay r\u00fctbesine sahipti. Denis Davidov yazd\u0131klar\u0131nda; ”Aleksandr ile ya dost ya da d\u00fc\u015fman olmal\u0131. O orta yol bir davran\u0131\u015fa anlam veremiyor hatta k\u0131ymette vermiyordu.” diyordu.<\/p>\n

Aleksandr Paris’e kadar ula\u015ft\u0131. Elisey’de yap\u0131lan Zafer Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc’nde \u00c7ar ve Davidov’la birleikte yer ald\u0131. Aleksandra d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden Aziz Vlademir ve 2. dereceden elmas yakut i\u015flemeli Aziz Anna Ni\u015fanlar\u0131 lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. O d\u00f6nem Gusar Alay\u0131’nda bulunuyordu. O tarihlerde Rusya’da en b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa bu alay sahipti. 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suasson kenti yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015fa kat\u0131ld\u0131. Eli ve aya\u011f\u0131ndan yaralanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yi\u011fitli\u011fini bir daha kan\u0131tlayarak sava\u015f meydan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmad\u0131. Bunun an\u0131s\u0131na Elmas ve Yakut i\u015flemeli Aziz Anna Ni\u015fan\u0131 verildi. \u00dcnl\u00fc Rus \u015fairi Aleksandr Pu\u015fkin \u015eE\u015eEN Aleksandr\u0131 tan\u0131yordu, bunu kan\u0131tlayan belgeler tarihte yer al\u0131yor. 1812 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki sava\u015f\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan Aleksandr General-mayor r\u00fctbesini elde etti.<\/p>\n

Bu sava\u015fta Adigelerin ad\u0131 \u00e7ok\u00e7a an\u0131l\u0131yor. Adigelerin yi\u011fitlik ve kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra Adige atlar\u0131na da ili\u015fkin pek \u00e7ok belge tarihte yer al\u0131yor. Bu belgelerde belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Adige atlar\u0131na Adige sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 haricinde binen pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fka ki\u015fide vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin ‘Gusar Balad\u0131’ isimli, Nadejda Durov ile alakal\u0131 \u00e7ekilen filmde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi. O erkek elbisesi giyerek sava\u015fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bindi\u011fi at ise babas\u0131n\u0131n ona sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alkid isimli Adige at\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Onun yan\u0131s\u0131ra Rus komutanlar\u0131ndan Seslavin Aleksandr’da Adige at\u0131na biniyordu. Ar\u015fivlerde bu konu hakk\u0131nda da \u00e7ok bilgi var. \u0130simleri bize ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte rus ordusunda Adige at\u0131na \u00f6nem verip binen \u00e7ok ki\u015fi vard\u0131. Adige atlar\u0131da Adige yi\u011fitleri gibi geri durmak nedir bilmeyen can\u0131n\u0131 esirgemeyen atlard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BEMIRZE Zurab Adige Mak Gazetesi, Kasım 2012 Yayına Hazırlayan: ŞAVKO Aslanguaş Çeviri: AÇUMIJ Hilmi Rusya‘da, 1812 yılı Borodino Savaşı‘nın 200. yılı anmaları ayrıntılı olarak kutlanıyor. Borodino yerleşkesi yakınlarında 8 Ekim tarihinde General Kutuzov’un komutasındaki Rus orduları ile Napolyon‘un Fransız orduları savaştılar. Bu savaş hakkında şarkılar bestelendi, poemler yazıldı, belgesel ve sanatsal filimler çekildi. 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