![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0385-psi-yinal.GIF\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Zihia<\/strong> Adige Psalhe gazetesinde P\u015f\u0131 Yinal Nehu\u2019nun isminin bir caddeye verilmesi gerekti\u011fi konusunda Tarih\u00e7i KU\u015eHAB\u0130Y Anzor\u2019un \u00f6nerisinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 ve Adige Abhaz halk kongresinde bu teklifini tekrar g\u00fcndeme getirmesi \u00fczerine, gazetemize pek \u00e7ok soru geldi Yinal\u2019\u0131n kim oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda. KBC \u00dcniversitesi, Tarih Bilimleri Do\u00e7enti QARDEN \u00c7elimet ve yine KBC Tarih Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, S\u00f6zl\u00fc Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u011eUT Adem, P\u015f\u0131 Yinal Nehu\u2019nun hayat\u0131 ve kim oldu\u011fu ile ilgili bu makaleyi okuyucudan gelen sorulara bir cevap olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Yinal\u2019in hayat\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemine dair bilim adamlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ok az bilgiye sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n Yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihiniz olmazsa, kom\u015fu haklar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihlerinde de bu konu hakk\u0131nda bilgi olmazsa elinizde kalan veri sadece s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih ve s\u00f6ylencelerden ibarettir.<\/p>\n Derledi\u011fi s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih bilgileri s\u00f6ylenceler ve yabanc\u0131 tarih kitaplar\u0131ndaki bilgilere dayanan NE\u011eUME \u015eore, bu konuda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir: P\u015f\u0131 Yinal Nehu\u2019nun (Kabardeylerin s\u00f6yleyi\u015f bi\u00e7imi ile Yinal Nef) k\u00f6keni Arabistan\u2019a dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yinal Arabhan denilen ki\u015finin kabilesinden ve Qas o\u011flu Hur\u0131fhelhey denilen ki\u015finin soyundand\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yinal\u2019\u0131n bu Hur\u0131fhelhey denilen ki\u015finin o\u011flu oldu\u011funu yaz\u0131yor NE\u011eUME \u015eora.<\/p>\n Yinal her konuda \u00fcst\u00fcn yetenekleri olan adil bir ki\u015fi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemde.<\/p>\n Kesin bir h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k ve adil bir y\u00f6netim sergilemesi nedeni ile, Adigeler aras\u0131ndaki pek \u00e7ok problemin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, toplumun da g\u00fcvenini kazanarak deste\u011fini ald\u0131 ve bu sayede idaresini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeye hakim hale getirdi.<\/p>\n Birbirine d\u00fc\u015fman halklar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zerek t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7leri birle\u015ftiren Yinal, Adige topraklar\u0131nda huzursuzluk ve istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k yaratan her hareketi ac\u0131mas\u0131zca bast\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6zellikle de bu huzursuzlu\u011fun kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bir k\u0131s\u0131m beyleri \u015fiddetle cezaland\u0131ran Yinal, bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ast\u0131rd\u0131. Fakat ayn\u0131 Yinal \u00f6zellikle Abhaz – Abaza beylerine \u00e7ok arka \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde. (NE\u011eUMA \u015eore- Adige Halk\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi, Nal\u00e7ik 1958 \u2013 sayfa 110 -113)<\/p>\n Yinal Nehu d\u00f6neminde Adige ve Abaza topraklar\u0131 mutlak bir otorite ile istikrar i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n Ona kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan bir k\u0131s\u0131m beyler olduysa da, Yinal bu ayaklanmalar\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bast\u0131rarak onlar\u0131 bertaraf etti.<\/p>\n Abaza topraklar\u0131nda APIP\u015e Azdemir \u00f6nderli\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ayaklanma ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdiyse de Yinal b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu ile \u00fczerlerine giderek ayaklanman\u0131n eleba\u015f\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7o\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131. Yinal ve ondan gelenlerin nas\u0131l b\u00f6lgede yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda eski zamanlarda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan kaynaklardan \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, Pu\u015fkin, Lobanov – Rostovski taraf\u0131ndan Rus ar\u015fivlerinde bulunan belgelerde bu konuda bir k\u0131s\u0131m bilgiler mevcuttur.<\/p>\n Pu\u015fkin\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re; Yinal\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Tab\u0131le, onun o\u011fullar\u0131 ise Yinarmes, Janhuet ve Minbolet\u2019tir.<\/p>\n Lobanov-Rostovski ise Yinal\u2019\u0131n iki o\u011flu oldu\u011funu yaz\u0131yor. Bunlar\u0131n isimleri de Tab\u0131le ve Beslen.<\/p>\n Lobanov\u2019a g\u00f6re bu iki o\u011fuldan birisi \u015fu anda Kabardeylerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fti, di\u011feri ise Labe nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n Kabardey p\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 Yinal’\u0131n o\u011flu Tab\u0131le\u2019nin soyundan gelmektedir. 16.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kabardey\u2019in en \u00f6nemli liderlerinden olan P\u015f\u0131ap\u015foque, P\u015f\u0131 Beslen\u2019in torunu ve Kayt\u0131que\u2019nin o\u011fludur.<\/p>\n Onun idaresi Ps\u0131j nehrinden ba\u015flay\u0131p Balk ve Baksan nehirleri aras\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lgede idi.<\/p>\n Yidarey b\u00f6lgesi; \u015eecem, \u015eerec b\u00f6lgeleri ve Terek nehrine kadar olan k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131.<\/p>\n Talhosteney b\u00f6lgesi; Lesken ve Terek C\u0131lahsteney b\u00f6lgesi ise; Terek\u2019in sa\u011f taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan ve Sunca k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015fan yerlerdi.<\/p>\n Bu b\u00f6lgelerin her birisi ayr\u0131 bir p\u015f\u0131 (prens) taraf\u0131ndan idare edilen birer b\u00f6lge olarak yer almaktad\u0131r tarihi kay\u0131tlarda.<\/p>\n Semen Bronevski\u2019nin kitab\u0131n\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tamamen Adigelerin tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve gelenekleri \u00fczerinedir. Burada \u00e7ok detayl\u0131 bilgiler verilmektedir Adigelerin ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemleri hakk\u0131nda.<\/p>\n Bu kitapta yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re; Yinal\u2019in babas\u0131 Qas\u2019\u0131n Arabistan’dan gelerek b\u00f6lgeyi ve \u00c7erkes halklar\u0131n\u0131 idaresi alt\u0131nda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 14.-15. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Abhaz ve \u00c7erkeslerin Yinal\u2019in idaresi alt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 belirtiliyor. Yinal, Adige ve Abhaz halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda P\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n temelini atan ki\u015fidir mevcut bilgilere g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n Abhaz, Bjedugh, Kabardey, Natuhac, Kem\u0131rguey, Hatukuay ve di\u011fer Adige halklar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi P\u015f\u0131 gelene\u011finin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 Yinal\u2019e dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. A. V. Gadlo ise Yinal\u2019in \u00f6nce Abhazlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde, daha sonra ise Adigelerin b\u00f6lgesinde y\u00f6netime hakim oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Onun ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda Yinal\u2019in y\u00f6netiminde olan b\u00f6lgeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilirken, ayn\u0131 zamanda saray\u0131n\u0131n ve mezar\u0131n\u0131n da Adler\u2019in yukar\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n Bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan birka\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yine ayn\u0131 bilgiyi teyit ederek, Yinal\u2019in mezar\u0131n\u0131n Abhazya\u2019da Adler\u2019e yak\u0131n bir yerde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n NE\u011eUME \u015eore\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Yinal\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 kez evlenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve belki de onun devam\u0131 olan p\u015f\u0131ler aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da farkl\u0131 annelerden olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle olabilece\u011fi belirtilerek, bu \u00fc\u00e7 karde\u015fin birisinin Kam\u0131rguey b\u00f6lgesine, birisinin Kabardey b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fti\u011fi bir tanesinin ise yerinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor.<\/p>\n \u00dcz\u00fclerek s\u00f6ylemek isteriz ki, s\u00f6ylencelerde ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Yinal\u2019in Kabardey\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir bilgi yok. Onun y\u00f6netimi ve idari d\u00f6nemi hakk\u0131nda da s\u00f6ylencelerimizde detayl\u0131 bir bilgi yok.<\/p>\n Abhaz bilim adam\u0131 Yinal Yipa\u2019nin kitab\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bilgilerde, Yinal Nehu\u2019un Abhaz veya Abaza olmas\u0131 ihtimalinin daha kuvvetli oldu\u011fu ifade ediliyor olsa da, o kitapta da NE\u011eUME \u015eore ve \u015eORTEN Askerbiy\u2019in derledikleri s\u00f6ylencelerde verilen bilgilerden pek farkl\u0131 bir \u015fey yok.<\/p>\n Fr. Dy\u00fcbua \u201cKafkas B\u00f6lgesine Seyahat\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda, Yinal Nehu\u2019un Abhaz ve Adigelerin lideri oldu\u011fu belirtilerek onun ak\u0131ll\u0131 adil y\u00f6netiminden, yi\u011fit ve cesur ki\u015fili\u011finden bahsediliyor.<\/p>\n Yinal\u2019in Arabistan’dan geldi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yukar\u0131da okudu\u011funuz iddialar\u0131 savunanlar oldu\u011fu gibi, yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde onun 13.y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u0131s\u0131r’da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Memluklardan oldu\u011funu ve daha sonra Kafkasya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia edenlere de rastlayabiliyoruz.<\/p>\n P\u015f\u0131 Yinal Nehu hakk\u0131nda, Adige s\u00f6ylenceleri konusunda \u00e7ok ciddi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 olan \u015eORTEN Askerbiy\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgiler de genel olarak yukar\u0131da verilen bilgilerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmekte, 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlana Kabardinski Folklor kitab\u0131nda yaz\u0131lanlar da bu bilgileri teyit etmektedir.<\/p>\n Fakat bu kitapta yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, P\u015f\u0131 Yinal hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler oldu\u011fu ve bunun T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir soy k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyor. Kafkasya\u2019daki Adigelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bir d\u00f6nem bir araya getirmi\u015f olan bu ki\u015fiye lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu de\u011feri g\u00f6stermek elbette gereklidir. Fakat \u015funu da belirtmek gerekiyor; P\u015f\u0131 Yinal hakk\u0131nda birka\u00e7 s\u00f6ylenceden ba\u015fka elimizde hi\u00e7bir somut bilgi belge yoktur ne yaz\u0131k ki.<\/p>\n S\u00f6ylenceler yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler gibi kesinli\u011fi olan kaynaklar de\u011fildir, fakat yine de \u015funu bilmek gerekir ki, bizler hepimiz bir halk\u0131z ve bizi birbirimize yakla\u015ft\u0131ran her \u015fey de\u011ferlidir.<\/p>\n Bunun da \u00f6tesinde bir d\u00f6nem b\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bir araya toplamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f, \u00c7erkes beylerinin flamalar\u0131nda damgas\u0131 yer alm\u0131\u015f bu ki\u015fi lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu de\u011feri bulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Biz bunun olmas\u0131 gere\u011fine inan\u0131yoruz, fakat \u015funu da ekliyoruz: Ne ile (hangi bilgilerle), nas\u0131l, ne zaman?<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte bu sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131 ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmal\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha detayl\u0131 bilgilere sahip olmal\u0131y\u0131z \u00f6ncelikle.<\/p>\n \u015eORTEN Askerbiy\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re Yinal Nehu\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi olarak 1458 y\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6steriliyor.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Zihia Adige Pşılerinin Tarihi Çeviri: BABUG Ergün Yıldız Adige Psalhe gazetesinde Pşı Yinal Nehu’nun isminin bir caddeye verilmesi gerektiği konusunda Tarihçi KUŞHABİY Anzor’un önerisinin yayınlanması ve Adige Abhaz halk kongresinde bu teklifini tekrar gündeme getirmesi üzerine, gazetemize pek çok soru geldi Yinal’ın kim olduğu hakkında. KBC Üniversitesi, Tarih Bilimleri Doçenti QARDEN Çelimet ve yine KBC 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\n<\/span><\/span> Adige P\u015f\u0131lerinin Tarihi
\n\u00c7eviri: BABUG Erg\u00fcn Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\nAk\u0131ll\u0131, ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc ve adil olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Yinal, Adige halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok sevilen, cesareti ve haks\u0131za kar\u015f\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle de d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da \u00e7ekinilen bir liderdi.<\/p>\n
\nTab\u0131le\u2019nin o\u011flu Yinarmes ve onun o\u011flu Yidar.
\nTab\u0131lenin di\u011fer o\u011flu Janhuet ve onun o\u011fullar\u0131 Talhosten ve Beslen.
\nTab\u0131le\u2019nin o\u011flu Minbolet ve onun o\u011flu C\u0131lahsten.
\n(Kaynak: Kabardino Ruskki otno\u015feniye \u2013 Semen Bronevski.1957) \u2013 (Noveytsiye geografi\u00e7eskiye i istori\u00e7eskiye izvestiya o kavkaze 1823) (\u0130storiye Kabardino Balkarii \u2013 E.Qardanov 1965)<\/p>\n
\nYazar bu bilgileri ise derledi\u011fi \u00c7erkes s\u00f6ylencelerine dayand\u0131r\u0131yor.
\nAbhazlar da t\u0131pk\u0131 Adigeler gibi P\u015f\u0131 s\u00fclalelerin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 Yinal\u2019e dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nF. Leontovi\u00e7 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan Kafkas da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131 ve adetleri (Lavrov 1882 Odesa) isimli kitaba dayanarak \u015funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cTek g\u00f6zl\u00fc Yinal 15 y\u00fczy\u0131lda Adige tarihindeki en \u00f6nemli ki\u015fidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\nBizim elimizde ise ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zdan derlenmi\u015f olan birka\u00e7 s\u00f6ylence mevcuttur yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak, daha fazlas\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n