![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0426-maykop.GIF\")
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Kayseri Kafkas Derne\u011fi<\/strong> 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda Maykop\u2019a iki kilometre mesafede a\u00e7\u0131k gri renkli yerel kuvarstan yakla\u015f\u0131k 220 cm2 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, derin \u00e7izgilerle, birbirine e\u015fit olmayan yedi k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Orta b\u00f6lmeye bir \u015fehir veya kale plan\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bu ilgin\u00e7 kitabe tesad\u00fcfen bulundu. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme giri\u015fimi sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131. Yaz\u0131t nihayet Prof. Georgiu Tour\u00e7aninov taraf\u0131ndan okundu. Yaz\u0131t, Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fu sahillerinin yerle\u015fik halk\u0131 olan ve tarihi, efsanevi Kolkhi\u2019ye uzanan Abhazca ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Kitabenin metni: Paleografik, tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n 32 \u2013 33 as\u0131rl\u0131k bir \u00f6mr\u00fc oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Maykop ta\u015f\u0131ndaki Abaza yaz\u0131s\u0131: Modern alfabenin atas\u0131 durumunda olan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek bulunmu\u015f en eski kaynak olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Prof. Tour\u00e7aninov yaz\u0131t\u0131n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde ya\u015fayan halklara ait, en eski yaz\u0131 metni olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u2018\u2019yaz\u0131 bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u2019\u2019 vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Maykop ta\u015f\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131 karakterlerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Adige-Abhaz aile (s\u00fclale) ni\u015fan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00dcM\u00dc\u015e KUPA Harita, ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lgenin bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ve b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan hayvanlar\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.Bu kupan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131 geni\u015f, kar\u0131n k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fi\u015fkindir. \u00dc\u00e7 s\u0131ra halinde art arda dizilen da\u011flar vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en y\u00fckse\u011fi olan \u00e7atall\u0131d\u0131r (Elbruz da\u011f\u0131). Da\u011flar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan iki a\u011fa\u00e7 ve art ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerine dikilmi\u015f bir ay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Da\u011flar\u0131n zirvelerinden do\u011fan iki ayr\u0131 \u0131rmak var. (Ter\u00e7-Kuban \u0131rmaklar\u0131) Bu iki \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n yata\u011f\u0131 y\u0131lankavi bir \u015fekilde da\u011fdan denize do\u011fru iniyor ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kupan\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda yuvarlak bir b\u00fcy\u00fck suya kat\u0131l\u0131yor. Her iki \u0131rmak kupan\u0131n kulp k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131yor. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kupan\u0131n g\u00f6be\u011finde Kafkasya\u2019daki hayvanlar iki s\u0131ra halinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Birinci s\u0131rada bir at, bir kaplan,iki bo\u011fa simetrik bir \u015fekilde yer al\u0131yor. \u0130kinci s\u0131rada ise da\u011f ke\u00e7isi,yaban domuzu, di\u015fi aslan ve yaban ko\u00e7u var. Su k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc ku\u015flar\u0131n yan\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir ku\u015f da aslan\u0131n tepesinde u\u00e7uyor.<\/p>\n Bu ilgin\u00e7 kupan\u0131n yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler s\u0131radan bir dekoratif anlam ta\u015f\u0131maz. Bunlar tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6nemli sembolik anlamlar y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir. Bu eski zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc olan usta, o topraklarda ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar\u0131, suyu, da\u011f\u0131, denizi ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc resmetmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bunlardan hareketle bu ilgin\u00e7 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kupa s\u0131radan bir kapkacak de\u011fildir, demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sanat\u00e7\u0131, k\u00fclt bilimine engin bir katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funun da bilincindedir.<\/p>\n BRONZ AYNA-TAKV\u0130M Bunlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda daire \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanan 9 adet simge vard\u0131. Bu simgelerden \u015fu ana kadar yaln\u0131zca 3 tanesi okunup anlamland\u0131r\u0131labildi. Spiral \u015feklinde olan iki tanesinden kulpa yak\u0131n olan\u0131 21 Mart\u2019\u0131, \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mda yer alan\u0131 ise 21 Aral\u0131k\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6stermekteydi. \u0130kisinin aras\u0131nda yer alan alev simgesi ise Adige rit\u00fcelinde yer alan enerjinin simgesidir. Mafe\u015fhat\u0131h (Ate\u015f sunma g\u00fcn\u00fc) g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcnde kara (k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn simgesi) bir tavu\u011fu kurban etme gelene\u011fi vard\u0131. Di\u011fer simgelerin ise Ad\u0131ge rit\u00fcelinin sembolleri oldu\u011fu kesindir. Fakat bunlar\u0131n neyi simgelediklerini -en az\u0131ndan \u015fu an i\u00e7in- bilmiyoruz.<\/p>\n KOBAN VE KOLH\u0130DE K\u00dcLT\u00dcR\u00dc Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri yaratan halklar Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n otokton halklar\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00fcnya biliminin kabul etti\u011fi ve onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle bu halklar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Abhaz-Adige halklar\u0131n\u0131n atalar\u0131yd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lgede bulunan balta, silah, s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 gibi bronzdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fyalar \u00e7oktu. Bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 dinsel t\u00f6renlerde kullan\u0131lan e\u015fyalard\u0131. Arkeologlar ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn Kuzey Osetya\u2019s\u0131nda yapt\u0131lar. Bu buluntular\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer bir Oset k\u00f6y\u00fc olan Koban\u2019a yak\u0131nd\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden Koban K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n Bu buluntulardan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu e\u015fyalar\u0131 yapan insanlar bronz i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin son a\u015famas\u0131na gelmi\u015f usta insanlard\u0131.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya m\u00fczelerinde \u015fu anda sergilenen Koban ve Kolhide bronz e\u015fyalar\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan en m\u00fckemmel e\u015fyalard\u0131. Bu e\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun y\u00fczeyinde d\u00f6vme ve kakma y\u00f6ntemiyle i\u015flenmi\u015f hayvan fig\u00fcrleri vard\u0131.Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bronzdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yaban hayvanlar\u0131, antropomof (birden \u00e7ok canl\u0131n\u0131n tek bedende birle\u015fmi\u015f) heykelcikleri bulundu. O d\u00f6nemin sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00e7obanlar\u0131 bu heykelcikleri tak\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u0130nsan formunda, insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlatan pek \u00e7ok bronz heykelcik de bulundu. \u0130nsan \u015feklindeki fig\u00fcrler de cinsel organlar\u0131 (\u00fcretkenlik) a\u00e7\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fclen heykelciklerdi. Bunun sebebi \u00fcretkenli\u011fi ve g\u00fcc\u00fc simgelemekti.<\/p>\n Kolhide K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Koban K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00e7ok az bir zaman sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr bir \u00f6ncekine o kadar \u00e7ok benzemektedir ki ikincisinden ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6z etmeyi adeta gereksiz k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kolhide K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn elimizdeki ilk buluntular\u0131 Abhazya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu iki k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn de temeli Maykop K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n <\/strong>(Not: Adige-Abhaz folkloru ciltler doldurulacak bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusudur. Biz burada sadece ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 ve bunda etkili olan fakt\u00f6rlerin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc edece\u011fiz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da folklorla ilgili pek az \u00f6rnek verilmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n Adige-Abhaz folklorunun k\u00f6k\u00fc Kafkasya\u2019da ve Anadolu\u2019nun Hatti d\u00f6nemindedir. Adige-Abhaz folklorunun tarihi \u2013 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgilerimizle- M.\u00d6.3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Bu folklorun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc yi\u011fit Nartlar\u0131n Destanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Nart Destanlar\u0131 binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Nart m\u00fczikalitesi \u2013D\u00fcnya folklor bilimine g\u00f6re \u2013 son a\u015famaya gelmi\u015f (tekam\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlam\u0131\u015f) kabul edilir. Nart Destanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu anlamda ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 anaerkil (anagemen toplum) d\u00f6nem, tamamlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise ataerkil (erkekegemen toplum) d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n Adige-Abhaz Efsaneleri,eski Adige-Abhaz ezgilerinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Eski Adige-Abhaz \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 4 gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1. \u0130\u015eLE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 \u015eARKILAR 2. \u0130\u015e DI\u015eI HAYAT VE \u00c7ALI\u015eMALARLA \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 \u015eARKILAR 3. A\u0130LE HAYATIYLA \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 \u015eARKILAR <\/strong> 4. HASTALIKLARI \u0130Y\u0130LE\u015eT\u0130RMEKLE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 \u015eARKILAR Bu \u00f6rneklerden hareketle \u015funu da eklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Adige-Abhaz toplumu hangi i\u015fe ba\u015flarsa (ezgisiz de olsa) bir dua (Xoxu) s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir, s\u00f6ylemektedir. Ama en eski Xoxumuzu olu\u015fturan \u015fu Hatti duas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7tir:<\/p>\n \u2018\u2019Tanr\u0131m\u0131z, Bu duadan hareketle \u015funu da eklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn: Anadolu, Hatti i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131,vatand\u0131: En kutsal varl\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Adige-Abhaz danslar\u0131 (Bunun i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 hayat, pagan ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 ve t\u00fcm bunlarla ilgili rit\u00fceller yer al\u0131r. Rit\u00fcel s\u00f6z\u00fc de Adige-Abhaz dilinde \u2018\u2019Wuc\u2019\u2019 d\u0131r) folklorda- eskiden de \u015fimdi de \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu danslar\u0131n bi\u00e7imsel g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, bu halklar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve tarihsel geli\u015fimini (ser\u00fcvenini) yans\u0131tan beden dilidir. Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz folklorik \u00f6gelerin t\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelememi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan, korunan ve halen Adige-Abhaz halklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda pek \u00e7o\u011fu gelenek olarak ya\u015famakta, pek az\u0131 da sanat olarak icra edilmektedir. Wuc\u2019leri (Rit\u00fcel) ve estetik danslar\u0131 y\u00f6neten ki\u015fi \u2018\u2019Hatiyakue\u2019\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck Hat yani Hatti\u2019nin Wuc\u2019lerini (Rit\u00fcel) profesyonel olarak (Yakue) yapan ki\u015fi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Hat-Yakue iki s\u00f6zc\u00fckten olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n Hati\u015fu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise, Adige-Abhaz \u015f\u00f6valyeleri sava\u015fa giderken ordunun yan\u0131nda alaca giysiler giyen, ala ata binen, \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6yleyerek onlar\u0131 cesaretlendiren ki\u015fidir. Hati yani Hatti insan\u0131 ve \u015eu yani atl\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n I- Kozmik olaylarla ilgili rit\u00fceller \u2018\u2019Wuc\u2019\u2019ler:<\/p>\n 1. <\/strong>G\u00fcne\u015fle ilgili wucler (rit\u00fcel) 2. <\/strong>\u015e\u0131blewuc:Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mla ilgili wucler: (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fer de bir hayvan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrse 3 g\u00fcn, bir insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrse 7 g\u00fcn dans ediyorlard\u0131. Bunda ama\u00e7 tanr\u0131 olarak kabul edilen ve memnun edilmek istenen y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kutsamakt\u0131.) \u015e\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7; Bl\u0131 ise yedi demektir.<\/p>\n II. Tanr\u0131larla ilgili wucler:<\/p>\n a) <\/strong>Tha\u015fho wuc III. Do\u011fum, ya\u015fam ve vatan sevgisi ile ilgili rit\u00fceller (Wucler) IV-Estetik Danslar:<\/p>\n <\/strong>(Gerek\u00e7esi veya kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bilinmeyen danslard\u0131r.) A\u015femez do\u011fdu\u011funda bu dans yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, do\u011fumu bu dansla kutsanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015femez, Nart Eposunda m\u00fczik tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Adige-Abhaz Danslar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri Nart mitolojisinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Bed\u0131nokuo, ilk kez Narthase\u2019ye gitti\u011finde, yi\u011fitlik, cesaret, ok ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, s\u0131navlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Fakat Sos\u0131r\u0131kuo ile Bed\u0131nokuo birbirlerine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flayamay\u0131nca dans s\u0131nav\u0131na girdiler. Sos\u0131r\u0131kuo masan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p masay\u0131 devirmeden parmaklar\u0131n\u0131n ucunda dans etti. \u00c7ana\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7indeki eti ve sosu d\u00f6kmeden \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131n kenar\u0131nda oynad\u0131. Bed\u0131nokuo buna \u00e7ok sinirlendi ve k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 kabzas\u0131ndan topra\u011fa dikti. K\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n keskin a\u011fz\u0131ndan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru dans etti. K\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n ucunda da parmaklar\u0131nda dans etti.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar-mitolojide olsa- wuc\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n Yine Nart mitinde, demirin ve demircili\u011fin tanr\u0131s\u0131 Tlep\u015f, kendisiyle bu konuda yar\u0131\u015fan rakibi Gurd\u0131m\u0131j ile yeni\u015femeyince Gucewuc\u2019e ba\u015flar ve 7 g\u00fcn 7 gece dans eder. Tlep\u015f bu dansla rakibini yener. Fakat Tanr\u0131sal bir s\u0131r olarak saklanan demircilik, art\u0131k s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n bildi\u011fi bir i\u015f alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 19. yy\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda iki \u015fair Pa\u015fe Be\u00e7m\u0131rze ile A\u011f\u0131noko La\u015fe \u015fiir, \u015fiir dili ve \u015fiirin a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00fczerine do\u011fa\u00e7lama s\u00f6yledikleri \u015fiirlerle yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu konuda yeni\u015femeyince \u015fiir s\u00f6yleyerek wuc yapt\u0131lar. Sonu\u00e7ta bir g\u00fcn bir gece devam eden bu yar\u0131\u015fma A\u011f\u0131noko La\u015fe\u2019nin bay\u0131l\u0131p yar\u0131\u015fma d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n Keza Ordu komutan\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, \u015fair ,m\u00fczisyen, P\u015f\u0131 Hatok\u015foko Muhammed A\u015fe (\u00c7olak) Adige-Abhaz feodallerinin eski bir gelene\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek her y\u0131l festivaller d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Bu festivale \u00c7ahe (Adigey,Abaza) oyuncular\u0131 davet edilmekte, yar\u0131\u015fmalar bir ay boyunca devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu oyunlar; at oynatma, cambazl\u0131k, \u015fiir,beste, enstr\u00fcman \u00e7alma, dans(Ajegafe), yalan s\u00f6yleme, tiyatro (rol ve taklit,kukla oynatma) alanlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yar\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131.<\/p>\n KAYNAK\u00c7A: Kayseri Kafkas Derneği Festival Kitapçığı Çalışması, 2002 1960 yılında Maykop’a iki kilometre mesafede açık gri renkli yerel kuvarstan yaklaşık 220 cm2 büyüklüğünde, derin çizgilerle, birbirine eşit olmayan yedi kısma ayrılmıştı. Orta bölmeye bir şehir veya kale planı yerleştirilmişti. Bu ilginç kitabe tesadüfen bulundu. Birçok çözümleme girişimi sonuçsuz kaldı. Yazıt nihayet Prof. Georgiu Tourçaninov tarafından okundu. 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\n<\/span><\/span> Festival Kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, 2002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0426-maykop-B1.gif\")
<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\nBu (\u015fehir veya kale) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir krala aittir. Kral\u0131m\u0131z Mrn\u2019a. A\/y\/a \u015fehri (onun) m\u00fclkiyetindedir. Khz onu yirmi bir y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n (Mrn\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n) Ekim aylar\u0131nda Da\u011flar \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r olarak in\u015fa etti.
\n<\/strong>
\nYaz\u0131tta ilk ge\u00e7en isim efsanede tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Kral Aiet\u2019in babas\u0131 Helios yani g\u00fcne\u015ftir. Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131ndaki Kral Mrn s\u00f6z\u00fcne \u2018\u2019a\u2019\u2019 seslisi eklendi\u011finde (Abhaz alfabesi 80 adet sessiz harften olu\u015fur, sesli harfleri yoktur.) Abhazca\u2019da g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131 olan Maran ya da Amran olur. Bu da eski Abhazlarda Kral Mrn\u2019nin ad\u0131n\u0131n kutsal oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Helios\u2019un (g\u00fcne\u015fin) o\u011flu Kral Aiet\u2019in efsanesi b\u00f6yle do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Kenti belirleyen ikinci s\u00f6zc\u00fck A\/y\/a Kral Aiet\u2019in ismi ile do\u011frudan ilgilidir. (\u2018\u2019T\u2019\u2019 eki Abhazca\u2019da aitlik belirtir.) Bundan dolay\u0131 \u201cAiet\u201d \u201c Aya\u2019da do\u011fan\u201d \u201c Aya\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu\u201d olarak yorumlanabilir. Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131na g\u00f6re, Aya kenti, Aiet\u2019in babas\u0131 Helios\u2019un h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n Argonot efsanesinin (Alt\u0131n post) tarihi kan\u0131t\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda Mrn ve Aya isimleri, Kolkhi\u2019den Grek gemicilerle M.\u00d6. 2.yy.\u2019da Helen d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ta\u015f, efsanenin Kolkhi\u2019nin zenginli\u011fi ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne tarihi bir dayanak olmaktad\u0131r. Yunan mitolojisinde s\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7en \u201cKolkhi\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ne Yunanca ne de G\u00fcrc\u00fcce bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Oysa ya\u015fayan Abhaz dilinde Kolkhi, \u201cpar\u00e7a alt\u0131n memleketi\u201d \u201cpar\u00e7a alt\u0131nl\u0131 \u00fclke\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Helios yani Aiet\u2019in babas\u0131, yaz\u0131t metninde ge\u00e7ti\u011fine g\u00f6re, bu yaz\u0131t Argonotlardan daha eskidir.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\nMaykop tepesinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan en ilgin\u00e7 eserlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bir g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kupa gelir. Bu g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kupan\u0131n \u00fczerindeki motifler m\u00fcthi\u015f bir kompozisyon olu\u015fturur. Bu ilgin\u00e7 kompozisyon, farkl\u0131 konular ve fig\u00fcrler i\u00e7ermektedir. Bunlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr (D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en eski haritalar\u0131ndan biri).<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0426-maykop-B2.gif\")
<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\n1987\u2019de Prof. Leskov taraf\u0131ndan Adigey topraklar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. M.S. 1. yy\u2019da yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. Proto Ad\u0131geler\u2019e (Meotlar) aittir.<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0426-maykop-B3.gif\")
\nBu esere her ne kadar \u2018\u2019Bronz Ayna\u2019\u2019 ad\u0131 verilmi\u015fse de bir y\u00fcz\u00fc ayna, di\u011fer y\u00fcz\u00fc takvimdir. Takvimin ortas\u0131nda bir g\u00fcne\u015f sembol\u00fc vard\u0131.G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00e7evresinde 12 k\u00f6\u015fe \u00e7izilmi\u015fti. Bu k\u00f6\u015feler 12 ay\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. Bu 12 ay\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen ikinci dairede 3\u2019erli 4 ayr\u0131 \u00e7izgi grubu vard\u0131. Bu gruplar mevsimleri olu\u015fturuyordu. B\u00f6ylece herbiri 3 aydan olu\u015fan 4 mevsimi simgeliyordu.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\nBronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda M.\u00d6 1000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kafkasya\u2019da birbiriyle akraba iki k\u00fclt\u00fcr do\u011fdu. Bu iki k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn tek etnik \u00f6zden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a belliydi: Koban ve Kolhide.<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0426-maykop-B4.gif\")
<\/p>\n
\nAD\u0130GE-ABHAZ FOLKLORUNUN BA\u015eLANGICI<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>– Topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrmeyle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Bah\u00e7e tar\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Hasatla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Harmanla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Ot bi\u00e7meyle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Araba (at veya \u00f6k\u00fcz) s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcyle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– \u00c7obanl\u0131kla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Y\u00fcn e\u011firmeyle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Dokuma tezgahlar\u0131yla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Tekstille ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– De\u011firmencilikle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Demircilikle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Dibek d\u00f6vmeyle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Dar\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmeyle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar<\/p>\n
\na) <\/strong>Avla ilgili
\n– Vah\u015fi Hayvan Tanr\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Avc\u0131 Tanr\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\n– Orman Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131yla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar
\nb)<\/strong>Ya\u011fmur Duas\u0131
\n– Ya\u011fmur duas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kanlarla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar\u2022
\n– Ya\u011fmur Tanr\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar\u2022
\nc)<\/strong> Yeni Y\u0131l \u015eark\u0131s\u0131 (Hurome)
\nd) <\/strong>Su Duas\u0131: Suda bo\u011fulup kaybolanlar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen \u015fark\u0131 (Psihe\u011fe)<\/p>\n
\n– D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn dernekle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar\u2022
\n– Damatla (gerdekle) ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar\u2022
\n– Be\u015fikle ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar\u2022
\n– \u0130lk ad\u0131mla ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar\u2022
\n– Ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 oyalay\u0131p e\u011flendirmek i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen\u2022 \u015fark\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>– \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili \u015fark\u0131lar.\u2022
\n– Yaralar\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme ile ilgili\u2022 \u015fark\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\nY\u00fcce Tanr\u0131
\nAnadolu
\nAlt\u0131n koyu
\nSa\u011f elle ba\u015fla
\nSol elle bitir!\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n
\nBu danslar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131, d\u00fcnyadaki ilk insan\u0131n korkusudur.Bu korkuya direnme g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.Bu korkuyu yenme cesaretidir. Korkuyu ya\u015fama uygulama ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmedir.<\/p>\n
\na) <\/strong>Wuchurey
\nb) <\/strong>Hura\u015fe
\nc)<\/strong> Awra\u015fa<\/p>\n
\nb) <\/strong>Thagalec (Bereket Tanr\u0131s\u0131)
\nc) <\/strong>\u015eerat\u0131n (Hem dans hem oyun hem de dini rit\u00fceldir. G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ra i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r)
\nd) <\/strong>Am\u015fa (Avc\u0131l\u0131k tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgilidir. \u2018\u2019Am\u015fa\u2019\u2019 Adigece \u2018\u2019M\u0131\u015fa\u2019\u2019 yani \u2018\u2019ay\u0131\u2019\u2019 demektir.)
\ne) <\/strong>Aja\u011fafe: Bireyin i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131, gizlerini topluma a\u00e7ma dans\u0131d\u0131r. Dans\u00e7\u0131 ters \u00e7evrilmi\u015f bir k\u00fcrk giymekte, ke\u00e7eden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ke\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131 maskesi takmaktad\u0131r.Bu oyun sadece bir dans de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir tiyatrodur. Eski d\u00f6nemlerde totem kabul edilen ke\u00e7inin kutsanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.Adige-Abhazlar\u2019\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn-derneklerinde sergilenen bir rit\u00fceldir.
\nf) <\/strong>Wezrec ve Wez\u0131rmec: Her ikisi eski rit\u00fcellerdir. Wez-enerji Wez-d\u0131\u011fa s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc enerji veren g\u00fcne\u015f anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\ng) <\/strong>Wez\u0131rmes: Hem insan ismidir hem de Wez-enerji, Mes-yanmak anlamlar\u0131na gelir. Wezrec, Wez\u0131rmec ve Wez\u0131rmes s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerindeki \u2018\u2019R\u2019\u2019 sesi tanr\u0131 RA\u2019dan gelmektedir. Amra s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Abhazca\u2019s\u0131nda da \u2018\u2019g\u00fcne\u015f \u2018\u2018 anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\na)<\/strong> Gua\u015fewuc: (Gelin alma t\u00f6reninden \u00f6nce gelinin yedi taze gelin taraf\u0131ndan alt\u0131n ipliklerle sar\u0131lmas\u0131 dans\u0131d\u0131r. Bu dansa kat\u0131lan gelinlerin hem anne babalar\u0131 hem e\u015fleri hem de e\u015flerinin anne babalar\u0131 sa\u011f olacakt\u0131. Her gelinin de en az birer \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmas\u0131 ko\u015fulu vard\u0131. Bu dansa yedi gelinin kay\u0131nvalideleri de kat\u0131lacak ve alt\u0131n ipliklerin sar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemine kat\u0131lacaklard\u0131. (7 say\u0131s\u0131 inanca g\u00f6re gelinin evlili\u011finde, mutlulu\u011funda katk\u0131s\u0131 olacak bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fc)
\nb)<\/strong> Wezcen: Bu wuc, erkek \u00e7ocuk d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011finde yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar kat\u0131lmazd\u0131. Say\u0131s\u0131z gen\u00e7 erkek taraf\u0131ndan oynan\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcne\u015fi, enerjiyi temsil ederdi.Do\u011fan erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendi toplumuna enerji kataca\u011f\u0131na,kendi vatan\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fine olan inanc\u0131 yans\u0131tan ataerkil d\u00f6nem wuc\u2019d\u0131r. Bu wuc sonradan, torun sahibi olan dede ve nenelerin sergiledi\u011fi bir dans haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Wezcen s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn; Wez=Enerji, Cen=\u00c7a\u011f\u0131rmak anlamlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\nc)<\/strong> Psewuc: Ma\u011flup Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Wuc\u2019i:Adiya\u011fa ve Apsuwara i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Xabzesini ve vatan\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fini anlayan sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n dans\u0131d\u0131r.Sava\u015fta yenilen sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131na can\u0131n\u0131 teslim etmeden \u00f6nce t\u00fcm onurunu ve gururunu koruyarak bu \u00f6l\u00fcm dans\u0131n\u0131 yapar. Bu \u00f6l\u00fcm wuc\u2019inde Hatiyakue sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunur ve hem p\u015fine \u00e7alar hem de \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek onlara cesaret verir.<\/p>\n
\na) <\/strong>Wuche\u015f (Hatiyakue taraf\u0131ndan dansa davet edilen dam\u0131n, kavalyeye teslim edilirken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 wuc\u2019dir)
\nb) <\/strong>Wucp\u0131uh (Tek s\u0131ra halindeki wuc\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7iftin s\u0131ran\u0131n sonuyla birle\u015ferek (b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ferek) yapt\u0131klar\u0131 danst\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Prof. Dr.E. Forrer,
\nProf. Dr. M. Duyenevski
\nProf. Dr. M. Diyakonov,
\nProf. Dr. V. \u0130vanov,
\nProf. Dr. G. Tour\u00e7aninov,
\nProf. Dr. V.Ardz\u0131nba,
\nProf. Dr. Ancaparidze,
\nProf. Dr. Meliko\u015fvili,
\nProf. Dr. Wunej Ka\u015fif,
\nProf.Dr. Nalo Zaur,
\nProf. Dr. Hada\u011fatle Asker,
\nProf. Dr. Betroj Ruslan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"