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GHUNEKHO Savs\u0131r \u00d6zbay<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Trabzon k\u00f6kenli H\u0131ristiyan din adam\u0131 P. Minas B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkya’n\u0131n Karadeniz \u00e7evresiyle ilgili g\u00fczel bir eseri bulunmaktad\u0131r. An\u0131lan eserde, bizimle ilgili bir \u00e7ok b\u00f6l\u00fcmler olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131zla ilgili olanlar\u0131 sizlerle payla\u015fmak istedim.<\/p>\n – Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m isabet ederek \u00f6lenleri \u015fehit kabul ederler. Bunun i\u00e7in yedi g\u00fcn yedi gece \u015fenlik yaparlard\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcy\u00fc y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde bir a\u011fac\u0131n kovu\u011funa koyarlar ve \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 gece e\u011flenirler. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn sonunda “Thashxor yewuadg” Tha vurdu diye g\u00f6merlerdi. (Bu inan\u00e7 eski Romal\u0131larda da olup adam \u00f6lmezse Zeus’un o\u011flu say\u0131l\u0131r ve asiller s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na kabul edilirdi.)<\/p>\n – A\u011fa\u00e7perest olduklar\u0131ndan, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yan\u0131na dikilen kaz\u0131klara tap\u015fi<\/b> derlerdi. \u0130\u015fleri ne kadar acele olsa da ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arlar, atlar\u0131ndan inip dua ederlerdi.<\/p>\n – Tap\u015fi denilen kaz\u0131klara dua edilirken Meryem Ana’y\u0131 anarlar. Kimli\u011fini bilmedikleri halde \u0130sa<\/b>‘ya da Meyrem\u0131kho<\/b> diye sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterirlerdi.<\/p>\n – G\u00fcnl\u00fck dualar\u0131, “k\u0131smetimizi sen vermezsen kimse vermez”di.<\/p>\n – Kendilerinin dindar oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00e7almas\u0131n diye mallar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ha\u00e7<\/b> koyarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – B\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc a\u011fa\u00e7perest ve me\u015fe (kodosh) a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na taparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – Ayin \u00f6ncesi a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u00fcslerler, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ve di\u011fer silahlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011faca asarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – B\u00fct\u00fcn ayinlerini bu a\u011fac\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nerek sabaha kadar dua ederlerdi.<\/p>\n – Kendilerine konuk olan\u0131, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan\u0131 korur, esirleri ac\u0131mas\u0131zca satarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – Bir misafir evden ayr\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015fka birine misafirli\u011fe giderse kendilerine hakaret sayarlar ve kin beslerlerdi.<\/p>\n – G\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131yla evlerine d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ate\u015f yakarlar ve o alevin \u00fczerinde dururlard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc duman, v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131 sar\u0131nca daha da kuvvetlendiklerine inan\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – Genelde \u00f6l\u00fclerini g\u00f6mmez, a\u011fa\u00e7 kovuklar\u0131na koyup e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011faca asarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – Da\u011fda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 kedi ve k\u00f6peklere taparlard\u0131. Yemekleri \u00f6nce onlara verir, sonra kendileri yerlerdi. (Bu inan\u00e7 eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lara benzemektedir. -GS\u00d6)<\/p>\n – Sava\u015fta \u00f6lenler i\u00e7in esirler kurban edilir ve kanlar\u0131 g\u00f6\u011fe savrulurdu. (Bu inan\u00e7 eski Greklerde vard\u0131r. -GS\u00d6)<\/p>\n – Mezarlara sayg\u0131 duyarlar ve \u00f6l\u00fcler i\u00e7in yemek da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – Bekar erkekler evleninceye kadar t\u0131ra\u015f olmazlar, evlendikten sonrada sakal b\u0131rakmazlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – Evlenmek isteyen gen\u00e7, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde mendili aln\u0131na s\u00fcrer ve k\u0131z\u0131n omzuna atar. K\u0131zda kabul ederse koynuna koyar ve ni\u015fan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olurdu.<\/p>\n – Nikah evlili\u011fi de ni\u015fan\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n huzurunda tekrarlanmas\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n – \u00d6l\u00fcmden sonra k\u0131rk g\u00fcn, k\u0131rk gece matem tutulur, k\u0131rk g\u00fcn boyunca gelip ge\u00e7enlerin yemesi i\u00e7in mezara yemek b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0131rk g\u00fcn sonunda mezar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda dua edilir, yemek yenir ve e\u011flence d\u00fczenlenirdi. (Bu inan\u00e7 H\u0131ristiyan ve Anadolu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndaki k\u0131rk g\u00fcn olay\u0131na – Kendileri b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc, falc\u0131, bakla ve hayvan k\u00fcreklerine bakarak yap\u0131lan kehanetlere inan\u0131rlard\u0131. (Bu gelenek eski Anadolu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde de -So\u011fuksu’da bir Abaza kabilesi \u00f6l\u00fclerin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131ra\u015f ettikten sonra g\u00f6merlerdi.<\/p>\n -Bucun’daki Abazalar, a\u011fa\u00e7perest olduklar\u0131 halde kilisede dua edip ayin yaparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – Ardilerde bir kilise var ve i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kazan bulunur. Senede bir defa kiliseyi ziyaret eden Abazalar, \u00f6l\u00fclerin ruhlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131r kurban ederek ayn\u0131 kazan\u0131n i\u00e7inde pi\u015firirlerdi.<\/p>\n – Abazalar meclisine samalta<\/b> denirdi. Bu meclise, \u00e7a\u00e7ba (\u015fah), a\u00e7ba (bey), nalipa (derebeyi), maan (b\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131), \u00e7irik (zabit), daba (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck zabit), lakirba (\u0131rsi ve mevki sahibi) kat\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131. En b\u00fcy\u00fckleri \u00e7a\u00e7bayd\u0131 ve meclis\u00e7e se\u00e7ilirdi.<\/p>\n – Akrabalar\u0131ndan k\u0131z almazlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – Evlilikte ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k yapan\u0131 denize atarlard\u0131.(1)<\/p>\n Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda,<\/p>\n – Adige-Abhaz inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131 t\u00fcm atlar\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in yaratm\u0131\u015f. Bunun i\u00e7inde ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan at \u00e7alsalar da mallar\u0131n\u0131n geri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n – M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015flerde ailelerde H\u0131ristiyanlarda vard\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar domuz yemediklerinden evdeki b\u00fcy\u00fck kazanlar\u0131n ortas\u0131na t\u00fcl gererler, bir taraf\u0131na domuz, di\u011fer taraf\u0131na koyun konulurdu. Suyunu da ortak <\/span>KAYNAK\u00c7A GHUNEKHO Savsır Özbay Trabzon kökenli Hıristiyan din adamı P. Minas Bıjışkya’nın Karadeniz çevresiyle ilgili güzel bir eseri bulunmaktadır. Anılan eserde, bizimle ilgili bir çok bölümler olmasına karşın inançlarımızla ilgili olanları sizlerle paylaşmak istedim. – Yıldırım isabet ederek ölenleri şehit kabul ederler. Bunun için yedi gün yedi gece şenlik yaparlardı. Ölüyü yıldırım çarptığı yerde bir ağacın 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\nbenzer.-GS\u00d6)<\/p>\n
\nvard\u0131r. -GS\u00d6)<\/p>\n
\ni\u00e7erlerdi. (2)<\/p>\n
\n1) <\/b>P. Minas B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan, Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 Tarih ve Co\u011frafyas\u0131, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi, Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Yay., No: 1411-1969, \u0130stanbul.
\n2) <\/b>Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Kafkas Ellerini Fethi, Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Yay., No: 358-71-Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Serisi: 60 sh.16-78, Ankara.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"