{"id":12218,"date":"2019-03-30T09:39:06","date_gmt":"2019-03-30T14:39:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=12218"},"modified":"2019-03-30T09:40:23","modified_gmt":"2019-03-30T14:40:23","slug":"rusya-inisiyatifli-orgutler-ve-kremlinin-stratejik-hesaplari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/rusya-inisiyatifli-orgutler-ve-kremlinin-stratejik-hesaplari\/","title":{"rendered":"RUSYA \u0130N\u0130S\u0130YAT\u0130FL\u0130 \u00d6RG\u00dcTLER VE KREML\u0130N\u2019\u0130N STRATEJ\u0130K HESAPLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ferit Temur <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrkiye ve Rusya b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda birinin kazanmas\u0131 halinde di\u011ferinin kaybetti\u011fi bir jeopolitik eksende benzer \u201cjeopolitik yasalara\u201d sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r; ne Rus ne de T\u00fcrk jeopoliti\u011fi tek bir etnisiteye dayal\u0131 ulus\u2013devlet sistemini ve edilgen (pasif) bir d\u0131\u015f politika anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 benimseme l\u00fcks\u00fcne haiz de\u011fildir. Ancak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin tasfiyesinin ard\u0131ndan kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin izledi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 savunmac\u0131 \/ edilgen d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n aksine gerek \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, gerekse bu devletin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra olu\u015fturulan Rusya Federasyonu etkin (aktif) bir d\u0131\u015f politika izlemeyi tercih etmi\u015f ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6nemlerine ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck devletler ars\u0131ndaki sayg\u0131n yerini korumay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye ba\u015flayan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (SSCB) yerine kurulan Rusya Federasyonu da izledi\u011fi etkin d\u0131\u015f politika kapsam\u0131nda eski uydu \u00fclkelerini kendi ekseninde tutabilmek i\u00e7in bir dizi yeni yap\u0131lanmalara \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Rusya\u2019n\u0131n inisiyatifinde kurulan baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bu \u00f6rg\u00fctler \u00fczerinden Kremlin\u2019in b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel hesaplar\u0131na \u201cMoskova merkezli\u201d \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutulmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu (BDT)
\n<\/b>
\nSovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (SSCB) da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yeni kurulan Rusya Federasyonu inisiyatifinde 1991 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu\u2019nun (BDT; Sodrujestvo Nezavisim\u0131h Gosudarstv (SNG)) ilk \u00fcyeleri \u015fu \u00fclkelerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131; Azerbaycan, Belarus, Ermenistan, G\u00fcrcistan, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Moldova, \u00d6zbekistan, Tacikistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan (ortak \u00fcye)(1) Rusya Federasyonu ve Ukrayna (defacto)(2). Bu \u00fclkelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan da BDT\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zlemci s\u0131fat\u0131yla yer almaktad\u0131r.(3) Bununla beraber 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda meydana gelen Rus\u2013G\u00fcrc\u00fc sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda G\u00fcrcistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti BDT\u2019den ayr\u0131lma karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fclke parlamentosu da bu karar\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

BDT\u2019nin ana kurulu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u015funlar yer almaktad\u0131r: (4)
\n– Politik, ekonomik, be\u015feri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fi,
\n– \u00dcye devletlerin \u201cortak ekonomik alan\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde devletleraras\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi, ili\u015fkiler ve entegrasyonun derinle\u015ftirilmesi,
\n– \u0130nsan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,
\n– Uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi, genel ve tam silahs\u0131zlanmaya ula\u015fma,
\n– Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hukuksal yard\u0131mla\u015fma,
\n– Devlet birimleri aras\u0131nda sorun ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi.<\/p>\n

\u00dcye devletler m\u00fc\u015fterek faaliyet alan\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fu kapsamda hareket etmektedir:
\n– Temel insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,
\n– D\u0131\u015f politika faaliyetlerinin koordinasyonu,
\n– \u201cOrtak ekonomik alan\u201d ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck politikalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulup geli\u015ftirilmesinde i\u015fbirli\u011fi,
\n– Ula\u015f\u0131m ve haberle\u015fme sistemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesinde i\u015fbirli\u011fi,
\n– Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve do\u011fan\u0131n korunmas\u0131,
\n– Sosyal ve g\u00f6\u00e7men politikalar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131,
\n– Organize su\u00e7larla m\u00fccadele,
\n– Savunma politikas\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi.<\/p>\n

Merkez binas\u0131 Belarus\u2019un ba\u015fkenti Minsk\u2019te olan BDT \u015fu alt organlardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r:
\n– BDT D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 Kurulu,
\n– BDT Savunma Bakanlar\u0131 Kurulu,
\n– BDT \u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 Kurulu,
\n– BDT Birle\u015fik Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler Kurulu,
\n– BDT S\u0131n\u0131r Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurulu,
\n– BDT G\u00fcvenlik ve Gizli Servis (\u0130stihbarat) \u00d6rg\u00fctleri Y\u00f6neticileri Kurulu,
\n– Devletleraras\u0131 Ekonomi Kurulu,
\n– Parlamentolar aras\u0131 Asamble,
\n– Ekonomi Mahkemesi,
\n– BDT \u0130statistik Komitesi, – BDT Finans\u2013Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kurulu,
\n– BDT Antiter\u00f6r Merkezi,
\n– \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komisyonu,
\n– BDT Koordinasyon\u2013Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu,
\n– BDT Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Kurulu,
\n– BDT Devletleraras\u0131 Ekonomi Komitesi,
\n– BDT Ekonomi Kurulu,
\n– Devletleraras\u0131 Banka.<\/p>\n

Rusya, BDT\u2019nin kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 ve b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt birimlerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu organizasyon vas\u0131tas\u0131yla selefi SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan olu\u015fan jeopolitik bo\u015flu\u011fun yine kendisi taraf\u0131ndan doldurularak eski birlik \u00fclkeleri nezdinde daha \u00f6nce edindi\u011fi n\u00fcfuzunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi hedeflemektedir; BDT b\u00fcnyesindeki Kazakistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Azerbaycan gibi \u00fclkelerin yer alt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131ndan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Ermenistan, Tacikistan gibi \u00fclkelerin b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel boyuttaki kilit jeopolitik konumlar\u0131ndan, Ukrayna, G\u00fcrcistan, Belarus gibi \u00fclkelerin enerji nakil g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki jeoekonomik boyutundan ve Ukrayna, Belarus gibi Slav\u2013Ortodoks \u00fclkelerin de derin jeok\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zelliklerinden faydalanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcm bunlara ek olarak Rusya\u2019n\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleri nezdinde BDT \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini peki\u015ftiren \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlar edindi\u011fini de belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Avrasya Ekonomi Toplulu\u011fu (AET)
\n<\/b>
\n10 Ekim 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Astana\u2019da Belarus, Kazakistan, Rusya Federasyonu, Tacikistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Avrasya Ekonomi Toplulu\u011fu\u2019nun (AET; Evraziyskoe Ekonomi\u00e7eskoe Soob\u015festvo (EvrAzES)) kurulmas\u0131na dair bir antla\u015fma imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AET \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeler Belarus, Kazakistan, Rusya Federasyonu, Tacikistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019dan olu\u015furken, Ermenistan, Moldova ve Ukrayna\u2019da toplulukta g\u00f6zlemci devlet s\u0131fat\u0131yla bulunmaktad\u0131rlar.(5) Resmi sitesinde AET\u2019in kurulu\u015f amac\u0131; Tek Ekonomik Alan\u0131n g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi devletlerin etkili bir \u015fekilde a\u015famal\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, bu devletlerin k\u00fcresel ekonomiye ve uluslararas\u0131 ticaret sistemine entegrasyonlar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n koordinasyonu olarak belirtilmektedir. (6)<\/p>\n

AET\u2019in temel g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda \u015funlar yer almaktad\u0131r: (7)
\n– Tam serbest ticaret rejiminin kurulmas\u0131, ortak g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifesinin kurulmas\u0131 ve tarifsiz d\u00fczenden tek \/ ortak sisteme ge\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131,
\n– Sermayenin serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131,
\n– Ortak finans pazar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
\n– AET kapsam\u0131nda tek para birimine ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in \u015fartlar ve prensiplerde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131,
\n– Mal ve hizmet ticaretinin ve onlar\u0131n i\u00e7 pazarlara giri\u015finin genel kurallar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
\n– G\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifelerinin ortak bir sisteminin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
\n– Devletleraras\u0131 fiyatland\u0131rma programlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi,
\n– \u00dcretici ve giri\u015fimci faaliyetleri i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli ko\u015fullar\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131,
\n– Ula\u015f\u0131m hizmetlerinin m\u00fc\u015fterek pazar\u0131n\u0131n ve ortak ula\u015f\u0131m sisteminin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
\n– Ortak enerji pazar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
\n– Antla\u015fmaya taraf \u00fclkelerin pazarlar\u0131na yabanc\u0131 sermayenin eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli ko\u015fullar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

AET \u015fu alt birimlerden meydana gelmektedir:
\n– Devletleraras\u0131 Kurul
\n– Entegrasyon Komitesi
\n– Sekreterlik
\n– Daimi Temsilciler Komisyonu
\n– Parlamentolar aras\u0131 Asamble
\n– Topluluk Mahkemesi
\n– Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Organlar<\/p>\n

BDT\u2019den tam olarak istifade edemeyen Rusya, eski uydu devletleri \u00fczerindeki n\u00fcfuzunu devam ettirme noktas\u0131nda yeni stratejiler geli\u015ftirmi\u015f, bu do\u011frultuda ilgili \u00fclkeler nezdinde Avrasya Ekonomi Toplulu\u011fu (ekonomi odakl\u0131), Kolektif G\u00fcvenlik Anla\u015fmas\u0131 Organizasyonu (g\u00fcvenlik odakl\u0131) gibi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve \u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 projelerin uygulanmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. Eski SSCB \u00fclkelerinin hem yer alt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131ndan faydalanmak hem de yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f bu devletleri kendine pazar k\u0131lmak Kremlin\u2019in AET \u00fczerindeki en temel beklentisini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ortak g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi tarifesine ge\u00e7ilmesiyle AET \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeleri ekonomik ve enerji alan\u0131nda kendine entegre etmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Ancak \u015eangay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn beklenenden daha \u00e7ok mesafe kat edip i\u015flerlik kazanmas\u0131 ve AET\u2019den bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc istenilen d\u00fczeyde verim al\u0131namamas\u0131 iki \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc birbirine rakip k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Rusya\u2019y\u0131 ekonomik ba\u011flamda T\u00fcrkistan b\u00f6lgesine y\u00f6nelik hesaplar\u0131na \u00c7in\u2019i de katmaya ve b\u00f6lgeyi bu \u00fclkeyle payla\u015fmaya mecbur b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kolektif G\u00fcvenlik Anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc
\n<\/b>
\n15 May\u0131s 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ta\u015fkent\u2019te Ermenistan, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Rusya, Tacikistan ve \u00d6zbekistan aras\u0131nda imzalanan \u201ckolektif g\u00fcvenlik\u201d antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fturulan Kolektif G\u00fcvenlik Anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (KGA\u00d6; Organizatsiya Dogovora o kollektivnoy bezopasnosti (ODKB)) Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda 1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde G\u00fcrcistan, ayn\u0131 ay\u0131n 24\u2019\u00fcnde, Ermenistan\u2019la Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Sorunu kapsam\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015fta Moskova\u2019n\u0131n Erivan\u2019\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a destekleyip Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bekas\u0131 \u00fczerinde aleni bir tehdit olu\u015fturmas\u0131yla sebebiyle Azerbaycan ve 31 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta da Belarus antla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalayarak \u00fcye olmu\u015flard\u0131r.(8) Bu \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra KGA\u00d6 sekreterli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan 3 Nisan 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan duyuruda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n da \u00f6rg\u00fctte g\u00f6zlemci devlet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde yer alabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.(9)<\/p>\n

NATO\u2019nun Do\u011fuya do\u011fru geni\u015fleme stratejisi benimsemesini kendi ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir tehdit olarak de\u011ferlendiren Kremlin, KGA\u00d6\u2019yi Orta Asya b\u00f6lgesinde daha etkin bir konuma getirerek NATO ile m\u00fccadele etmeyi ve b\u00f6lgede askeri boyutta kontrol\u00fc elinde bulundurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 3, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n 2 ve di\u011fer \u00fcye devletlerinin de 1\u2019er taburu \u201cbirle\u015fik kuvvetleri\u201d olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn toplam say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 bindir. Ayr\u0131ca KGA\u00d6 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Rusya K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019daki askeri \u00fcss\u00fcnde 10 sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ve 14 sava\u015f helikopteri bulundurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KGA\u00d6 \u015fu alt birimlerden meydana gelmektedir:
\n– Kolektif G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu
\n– D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 Kurulu
\n– Savunma Bakanlar\u0131 Kurulu
\n– G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu Sekreterleri Komitesi
\n– Organizasyon Genel Sekreterli\u011fi
\n– Organizasyon Sekreterli\u011fi
\n– KGA\u00d6 Birle\u015fik Kararg\u00e2h\u0131<\/p>\n

\u015eangay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (\u015e\u0130\u00d6)
\n<\/b>
\n30 milyon km2 y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n %60\u2019n\u0131, demografik a\u00e7\u0131dan da d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun d\u00f6rtte birini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u015eangay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (\u015e\u0130\u00d6; \u015eanhayskaya organizatsiya Sotrudni\u00e7estva (\u015eOS)) \u00c7in, Rusya Federasyonu, Kazakistan, Tacikistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve \u00d6zbekistan liderleri taraf\u0131ndan 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Resmi boyutta NATO gibi askeri bir blok olmayan \u015e\u0130\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamak, ter\u00f6rizm, radikal ak\u0131mlar ve uyu\u015fturucu ile m\u00fccadele etmek, ekonomi i\u015fbirli\u011fini artt\u0131rmak, bilimsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkileri yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. \u015e\u0130\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda 6 \u00fcyesi (\u00c7in, Rusya Federasyonu, Kazakistan, Tacikistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve \u00d6zbekistan), 4 g\u00f6zlemci \u00fcyesi (Hindistan, Pakistan, \u0130ran ve Mo\u011folistan), iki ortak \u00fcyesi (Belarus ve Sri Lanka) ve Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 toplant\u0131lar\u0131na davet alan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcyesi (Afganistan, BDT ve ASEAN) bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0130\u00d6 \u00fcye \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fbirli\u011fini etkin k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u015fu alt birimlerden meydana gelmektedir:
\n– Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 Kurulu
\n– H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 Kurulu
\n– D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 Kurulu
\n– Milli Koordinat\u00f6rler Kurulu
\n– B\u00f6lgesel Antiter\u00f6r Kurumu
\n– Sekreterlik<\/p>\n

Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019in liderli\u011fini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015e\u0130\u00d6 \u00e7ok boyutlu bir \u00f6rg\u00fct olup bu \u00fclkelerin hem b\u00f6lgesel hem de k\u00fcresel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6revi ifa etmektedir. Rusya \u015e\u0130\u00d6 kapsam\u0131nda bir taraftan ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilmek i\u00e7in \u00c7in ile ittifak yapmakta, di\u011fer taraftan da \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00f6lgede artan etkinli\u011fini tek ba\u015f\u0131na inisiyatif kullan\u0131p Rusyas\u0131z ba\u015fka yap\u0131lanmalara giderek Orta Asya\u2019da tek etkin g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7abalamaktad\u0131r. Moskova bu do\u011frultuda \u015e\u0130\u00d6 b\u00fcnyesinde \u00f6zellikle b\u00f6lgeyi kendine pazar k\u0131lmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan Pekin ile ekonomi, g\u00fcvenlik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve be\u015feri alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u015e\u0130\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn artan prestiji do\u011frultusunda Rusya ve \u00c7in, Bat\u0131n\u0131n \/ ABD\u2019nin \u015fer eksenine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ran ve Belarus gibi \u00fclkeleri \u00f6rg\u00fct b\u00fcnyesine alma noktas\u0131nda \u201cye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131k\u201d yakarak k\u00fcresel oyunda g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini bozma sinyalleri vermekte ve bunu Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda pazarl\u0131k unsuru olarak kullanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (AG\u0130T) Minsk Grubu
\n<\/b>
\nAG\u0130T Minsk Grubu Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan aras\u0131nda (Erivan\u2019n\u0131n Azerbaycan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n %20\u2019sini 1991-93 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda i\u015fgal etmesi sonucu) \u00e7\u0131kan Karaba\u011f Sorunu\u2019nu bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yollarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmak te\u015fvik etme amac\u0131yla, 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Rusya, ABD ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n e\u015f ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc AG\u0130T Minsk Grubu\u2019nda Beyaz Rusya, Almanya, \u0130talya, Portekiz, Hollanda, \u0130sve\u00e7, Finlandiya, T\u00fcrkiye ve sorunun taraflar\u0131 olan Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan yer almaktad\u0131rlar. Grup kurulu\u015fundan bu yana iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki Karaba\u011f Sorunu\u2019nun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda etkin bir rol oynayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sorunun \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 bir s\u00fcrece kaymas\u0131na neden olarak bir k\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini tetiklemi\u015ftir. S\u00fcrece bu \u015fekilde pek \u00e7ok taraf\u0131n m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131n\u0131n ve meselenin bir k\u00fcresel k\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin alt\u0131nda AG\u0130T Minsk Grubu\u2019nun kurulu\u015f sebebi olan Azerbaycan\u2013Ermenistan ihtilaf\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejik \u00f6nem yatmaktad\u0131r. Zira iki \u00fclke jeopolitik a\u00e7\u0131dan Kuzey\u2013G\u00fcney ve Do\u011fu\u2013Bat\u0131 ekseninde kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131nda olan ve Do\u011fu Avrupa, Anadolu ve Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n da bir anlamda kaderini etkileyebilen; jeoekonomik ba\u011flamda Hazar havzas\u0131 enerji kaynaklar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n Bat\u0131ya aktar\u0131m yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan; jeok\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de hem T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi\/ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hem de \u0130slam\u2013H\u0131ristiyan medeniyetlerinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\/bir arada var olmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda kilit bir konuma sahiptirler.<\/p>\n

<\/span>NOTLAR:
\n1) <\/b>T\u00fcrkmenistan 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu organizasyona \u201cortak \u00fcye\u201d olarak kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n2) <\/b>Ukrayna BTD Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 imzalamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011frudan bir \u00fcyesi olmadan kurucu \u00fcyelerle \/ kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 devletlerle ili\u015fki s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.
\n3) <\/b>Benzer \u015fekilde 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afganistan da BDT\u2019nin Parlamentolar aras\u0131 Asamble\u2019sine g\u00f6zlemci s\u0131fat\u0131yla kat\u0131lmak istedi\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir.
\n4)<\/b> http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e_\u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445_\u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432 (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 2 May\u0131s 2010).
\n5) <\/b>\u00d6zbekistan AET\u2019e 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcye olmu\u015f, ancak \u00f6rg\u00fct beklentilerini kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131nca 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda topluluktan \u00fcyeli\u011fini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.
\n6) <\/b>http:\/\/www.evrazes.com\/about\/history (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 02 May\u0131s 2010).
\n7) <\/b>http:\/\/www.evrazes.com\/about\/history (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 02 May\u0131s 2010).
\n8) <\/b>\u00d6zbekistan 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda KGA\u00d6\u2019den ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Andican olaylar\u0131ndan sonra da ABD\u2019ye tepki olarak 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmu\u015ftur.
\n9) <\/b>\u201c\u0418\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u041e\u0414\u041a\u0411\u201d, 3 Nisan 2009, http:\/\/www.vz.ru\/news\/2009\/4\/3\/272081.html (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 4 May\u0131s 2010).<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ferit Temur Tarihi süreç içerisinde Türkiye ve Rusya büyük oranda birinin kazanması halinde diğerinin kaybettiği bir jeopolitik eksende benzer “jeopolitik yasalara” sahip olmuşlardır; ne Rus ne de Türk jeopolitiği tek bir etnisiteye dayalı ulus–devlet sistemini ve edilgen (pasif) bir dış politika anlayışını benimseme lüksüne haiz değildir. Ancak Osmanlı Devleti’nin tasfiyesinin ardından kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin izlediği […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12218"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12222,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12218\/revisions\/12222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}