{"id":12245,"date":"2019-03-30T09:58:48","date_gmt":"2019-03-30T14:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=12245"},"modified":"2023-04-04T20:37:04","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T01:37:04","slug":"rusya-ab-iliskileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/rusya-ab-iliskileri\/","title":{"rendered":"RUSYA-AB \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Birol Akg\u00fcn<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnist blo\u011fun \u00e7\u00f6kmesinden sonra Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7ekirdek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden Rusya, bir taraftan kaybetti\u011fi eski g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kazanmak
\ndi\u011fer yandan ise kapitalizme ve demokratik bir y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7i\u015fin t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve bu arada Kafkaslardaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketlerle u\u011fra\u015fmak durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 jeopolitik g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesini kaybeden Rusya\u2019da, Rus siyasi elitlerini eskiden beri ay\u0131ran Atlantik\u00e7ilik ve Avrasyac\u0131l\u0131k tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Avrupa\u2019yla ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesini savunanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde siyasete egemen olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu nedenle so\u011fuk sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ilk on y\u0131l\u0131nda (Boris Yeltsin d\u00f6nemi) Rusya-AB ili\u015fkileri her alanda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fim g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan \u201cOrtakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d (O\u0130A) ile stratejik bir boyuta eri\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ancak 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Putin\u2019in i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelmesiyle birlikte Avrasyac\u0131 ak\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanm\u0131\u015f, petrol ve do\u011fal gaz gibi zengin enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n Rus ekonomisine sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vizlerin de etkisiyle, Rusya \u00f6nce yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde ard\u0131ndan da k\u00fcresel d\u00fczlemde yeniden k\u00fcresel bir jeopolitik g\u00fc\u00e7 olma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle iki bat\u0131l\u0131 kurum olan NATO ve AB\u2019nin e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fuya do\u011fru geni\u015flemesi Kremlin\u2019i a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede rahats\u0131z etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki son geni\u015fleme dalgas\u0131yla AB ile art\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f \u00fclke haline gelen Rusya, Bat\u0131n\u0131n
\nUkrayna ve G\u00fcrcistan gibi \u00fclkeleri de NATO\u2019ya alma giri\u015fimlerini ve AB\u2019nin \u201ckom\u015fuluk politikas\u0131\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi Do\u011fu ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 program\u0131n\u0131 tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusya, kendisini her f\u0131rsatta Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak
\ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulamakla birlikte, AB\u2019nin temsil etti\u011fi de\u011ferlerin kendisinin
\ntemsil etti\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcn tarihsel gelenekten (Do\u011fu Avrupa ya da Slav
\nOrtodoks k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc) daha \u00fcst\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezini savunmaktad\u0131r. Bu teziyle
\nRusya, AB\u2019nin temsil etti\u011fi Avrupa medeniyetinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tezini sarsarak,
\nAB ile ili\u015fkilerini AB\u2019nin di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle (\u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye) y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc
\nAvrupal\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma modelinden farkl\u0131, e\u015fitler aras\u0131 bir ili\u015fki modeli
\ngeli\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.1 B\u00f6ylece Rusya, AB\u2019nin ikili ili\u015fkilerde
\ns\u00fcrekli olarak ortak de\u011ferlere vurgu yapan post-modern\/idealist bir
\nyakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 reddetmekte, tersine geleneksel Westefalyan, egemen ulus
\ndevletleraras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri savunmaktad\u0131r. Bu sayede Bat\u0131n\u0131n insan
\nhaklar\u0131 gibi ele\u015ftirilerini de bertaraf etmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim
\nPutin\u2019in ikinci d\u00f6neminde (2004-2008) bu yeni yakla\u015f\u0131m Rusya ile AB
\naras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri \u00f6nce dura\u011fanl\u0131\u011fa, ard\u0131ndan da derin bir depresyona
\nitmi\u015ftir. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u00fcresi biten O\u0130A konusunda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kapsaml\u0131
\nrevizyon iste\u011fi AB taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rmemi\u015f; O\u0130A mevcut \u015fekliyle birer y\u0131l arayla otomatik olarak uzat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen
\ni\u015fbirli\u011fi mekanizmalar\u0131 i\u015flemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Rusya \u00f6nde gelen AB \u00fclkeleri
\nile ili\u015fkilerini ikili temelde y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.<\/p>\n

Rusya art\u0131k kendisini 1990\u2019lara g\u00f6re ekonomik ve siyasi olarak olduk\u00e7a
\ng\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hissetmekte ve bu nedenle de hem Bat\u0131ya hem de \u00e7evresindeki
\n\u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 defansif de\u011fil offensif bir politika y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.
\nD\u00fcnya enerji piyasalar\u0131na y\u00f6n verebilecek kadar zengin karbon
\nrezervlerini kontrol etmesi Rusya\u2019ya hem g\u00fcvenebilece\u011fi bir ekonomik
\nkaynak hem de bu kaynaklar\u0131 politik bir silah olarak kullanabilecek
\nbir jeopolitik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle AB \u00fclkeleri toplamda
\ndo\u011falgaz\u0131n neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve petrol\u00fcn de \u00fc\u00e7te birini Rusya\u2019dan
\nsa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar. AB\u2019nin do\u011fusundaki yeni \u00fcyelerin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ise
\nbu oranlar y\u00fczde 100\u2019lere yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131 gelecek yirmi y\u0131lda
\nAB\u2019nin Rus enerji kaynaklar\u0131na olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n giderek artaca\u011f\u0131
\nve y\u00fczde 70\u2019lere ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Rusya ve
\nAB aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde \u201cenerji fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d rol\u00fc giderek artacakt\u0131r.
\n2AB a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Rusya ile ili\u015fkilerini 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardaki d\u00fczeye ve i\u00e7eri\u011fe
\nkavu\u015fturman\u0131n yolu, AB\u2019nin Rusya\u2019ya bu asimetrik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yaratan
\nenerji jeopoliti\u011finden kurtulmas\u0131ndan; ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n
\n\u00e7e\u015fitlendirilmesinden ge\u00e7mektedir ki, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi Nabucco
\ngibi yeni boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n devreye sokulmas\u0131 bu anlamda AB\u2019nin
\nRusya ile ili\u015fkilerini de \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileyecektir.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de bug\u00fcn Rusya, AB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 elinde kullanabilece\u011fi en
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck pazarl\u0131k kozu olan do\u011fal gaz silah\u0131n\u0131 zaman zaman kullanmaktan
\n\u00e7ekinmemektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Rusya Avrupa pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen
\nkaybetmek istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in AB ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmekten de sak\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yine de AB\u2019nin kendi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 entegrasyon ve y\u00f6netim
\nsorunlar\u0131 ile k\u00fcresel mali krizle m\u00fccadelede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131\/b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi
\nRusya kendi lehine kullanmay\u0131 bilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Rusya AB
\n\u00fclkeleri (\u00f6zellikle Fransa ve Almanya) \u00fczerindeki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak
\nNATO\u2019nun Ukrayna ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a \u00fcyelik perspektifi vermesini engellemi\u015f;
\nKosova\u2019n\u0131n BM \u00fcyeli\u011fini bloke etmi\u015f; Ukrayna\u2019da son se\u00e7imleri
\netkileyerek Rusya yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan da
\ns\u00fcresi 2015\u2019te dolan Akyar\u2019daki (Sivastopol) deniz \u00fcss\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcresinin
\n2042\u2019ye kadar uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f; K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019daki halk ayaklan
\nmas\u0131n\u0131 da kendi lehine \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in,
\nHindistan ve Brezilya gibi y\u00fckselen g\u00fc\u00e7lerle de i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparak ABD
\nve AB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fcresel sistemde dengeleyici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olma, Sovyetlerin
\n\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle kaybetti\u011fi eski ihti\u015faml\u0131 ve prestijli g\u00fcnlere geri d\u00f6nme \u00f6zlemini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. AB ile enerji ve di\u011fer ekonomik alanlardaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131
\nba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k her iki akt\u00f6r\u00fc de ili\u015fkilerde tatl\u0131-sert bir modeli gerekli
\nk\u0131lsa da, Rusya ve AB ile ili\u015fkilerin 1990\u2019lar d\u00fczeyine geri gelmesi k\u0131sa
\ns\u00fcrede m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Rusya Federasyonu-AB ili\u015fkilerinin Hukuki \u00c7er\u00e7evesi ve
\n\u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Alanlar\u0131
\n<\/b>
\nRusya Federasyonu (RF) ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) ili\u015fkileri 1970\u2019lerin
\nsonlar\u0131nda SSCB ile Avrupa Toplulu\u011fu aras\u0131nda kurulan temaslara dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 kutupla\u015fmas\u0131nda 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan detante d\u00f6neminin bir sonucu olarak, bloklar aras\u0131nda kurulan diyalog neticesinde SSCB ile AT aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Taraflar aras\u0131nda ilk ciddi temaslar bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k konusunda 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n
\nsonlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler olmu\u015ftur. Ard\u0131ndan temaslar 1988
\nHaziran\u2019\u0131nda SSCB\u2019nin AT\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 ile resmile\u015fmi\u015f, ve
\ntaraflar aras\u0131ndaki ilk antla\u015fma Aral\u0131k 1988\u2019de imzalanan \u201cTicaret ve
\n\u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d olmu\u015ftur. SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ise RF,
\nAB ile ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirmek istemi\u015f, 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler
\nneticesinde O\u0130A imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1997\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren antla\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz
\nRusya-AB ili\u015fkilerinin yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evesini belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ortakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (O\u0130A) Temel \u00c7er\u00e7evesi
\n<\/b>
\nRusya Federasyonu ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi ili\u015fkileri yasal olarak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine
\n1992\u2019de ba\u015flanan, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan ve 1 Aral\u0131k 1997\u2019de
\ny\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u201cOrtakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d3 (Partnership and
\nCooperation Agreement) ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r denilebilir. Uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f
\nve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin tesisi, politik ve ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flayacak demokratikle\u015fmenin desteklenmesi, politik, ticari, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ile \u201ckar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ortakl\u0131k\u201d fikrinin geli\u015ftirilmesi gibi
\ngenel ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ihtiva eden antla\u015fman\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi alanlar \u015funlard\u0131r:
\nortak ama\u00e7lar\/hedefler, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ileti\u015fimi sa\u011flayacak kurumsal \u00e7er\u00e7evenin
\nolu\u015fturulmas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok alanda diyalog ve eylem \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131. Ortakl\u0131k
\nve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131
\noldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir: mal ve hizmetlerin ticareti, mali ve hukuki i\u015fbirli\u011fi,
\nbilim ve teknoloji, e\u011fitim, enerji, n\u00fckleer ve uzay teknolojilerinde
\ni\u015fbirli\u011fi, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 faaliyetlerin \u00f6nlenmesi ve \u00e7evre ve ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kta i\u015fbirli\u011fi
\nyap\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

O\u0130A on y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 ve taraflardan birisinin
\nitiraz etmesi ve yerine yeni bir antla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmamas\u0131 durumunda
\nise O\u0130A\u2019n\u0131n otomatik olarak uzat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O\u0130A, Rusya
\nile AB aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin kurumsal altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da tesis etmi\u015ftir.
\nBunlardan ilki \u201cdevlet ya da h\u00fck\u00fcmet liderleri zirvesi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek yap\u0131d\u0131r. Bu zirve y\u0131lda iki kez d\u00fczenlenmekte ve
\nRusya-AB ili\u015fkilerinin geli\u015fmesine y\u00f6n verecek stratejik konular\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc platform olmaktad\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer yap\u0131 ise bakanlar d\u00fczeyinde
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, y\u0131lda bir kez toplanan \u201ci\u015fbirli\u011fi konseyi\u201d de denilen
\nmekanizmad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uzmanlar\u0131n da \u00e7e\u015fitli konularda bir araya
\ngeldikleri ve y\u0131lda birden fazla say\u0131da toplant\u0131lar d\u00fczenlenen i\u015fbirli\u011fi
\nkomiteleri de olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. \u0130ki taraf aras\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan ortak bir
\n\u201cparlamenter komite\u201d de mevcuttur. Bu komitede Avrupa Parlamentosu
\nile Duma\u2019dan temsilciler bir araya gelmektedir. Di\u011fer taraftan ticaret ve
\nend\u00fcstri, enerji, bilim ve teknoloji, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k ve telekom\u00fcnikasyon,
\nk\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00e7elik, rekabet ve yasalar\u0131n uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00fcmr\u00fckler ve
\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc, tar\u0131m ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, mali ve ekonomik konular ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131
\nalt\u0131nda dokuz \u201calt komite\u201d de olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Rusya Hakk\u0131nda AB Ortak Stratejisi<\/p>\n

<\/b>4 Haziran 1999\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan Ortak Strateji belgesi4 Ortakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi
\nAntla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinin ard\u0131ndan AB\u2019nin Rusya\u2019ya
\ny\u00f6nelik temel bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan, d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc sunan belgedir.
\n\u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011finin k\u0131tan\u0131n gelece\u011finin temel unsuru oldu\u011fu\u201d
\nanlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu Ortak Strateji belgesinde Rusya\u2019yla federal,
\nb\u00f6lgesel ve yerel d\u00fczeylerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in Rusya\u2019daki politik ve
\nekonomik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn desteklenmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ortak
\nstratejide AB\u2019nin Rusya\u2019dan beklentileri d\u00f6rt ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:
\nRusya\u2019da demokrasinin, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n
\nkonsolidasyonu; ortak bir Avrupa ekonomik ve sosyal alan\u0131na84
\nRusya\u2019n\u0131n da entegre edilmesi; Avrupa ve civar\u0131nda istikrar\u0131n ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin
\ntesisi; Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki ortak sorunlar.<\/p>\n

Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun AB Hakk\u0131nda Orta Vadede Stratejisi
\nOrtakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi sonras\u0131nda
\nRusya-AB ili\u015fkilerinin on y\u0131ll\u0131k periyodunu (2000-2010) belirleyen bu
\nstrateji belgesinde 5, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa ve AB\u2019ye dair d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n
\ngenel hatlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta vadeli strateji belgesi Ortakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi
\nAntla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Rusya taraf\u0131ndan ne \u015fekilde uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da
\ng\u00f6stergesi olmu\u015ftur. Bir anlamda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n AB ile ili\u015fkilerdeki samimiyetini g\u00f6steren bir iyi niyet beyan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n AB\u2019ye ili\u015fkin orta vadeli stratejileri on iki ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda
\nverilmi\u015ftir.
\n<\/b>
\n\u2022 Rusya-AB ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n stratejik karakteri
\n\u2022 Rusya ve AB aras\u0131nda politik diyalogun mahiyeti ve geli\u015ftirilmesi
\n\u2022 Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ticaretin ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi
\n\u2022 Finansal alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fi
\n\u2022 Geni\u015fleyen AB\u2019de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131
\n\u2022 Pan-Avrupa altyap\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011finin geli\u015ftirilmesi
\n\u2022 Entellekt\u00fcel ve fikri haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, bilim ve teknoloji alanlar\u0131nda
\ni\u015fbirli\u011fi
\n\u2022 S\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan\/s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi i\u015fbirlikleri
\n\u2022 \u0130\u015fbirli\u011finin hukuki zemininin geli\u015ftirilmesi
\n\u2022 Kanuni yapt\u0131r\u0131m alan\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi
\n\u2022 \u0130\u015fbirli\u011finin geli\u015ftirilmesinde i\u015f aleminin rol\u00fc
\n\u2022 Stratejinin Rusya\u2019da uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/p>\n

May\u0131s 2010 RUSYA\u2019NIN B\u00d6LGESEL VE ULUSLARARASI POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI<\/p>\n

AB-Rusya Federasyonu Enerji Diyalogu
\n<\/b>
\nFransa\u2019n\u0131n AB D\u00f6nem Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde AB ile RF aras\u0131nda
\nenerji alan\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde enerjiyle alakal\u0131
\nb\u00fct\u00fcn sorunlar, enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00fcretimi ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131
\ngibi konular ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin en \u00f6nemli sonucu Rusya\u2019n\u0131n
\n1994\u2019de imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak ask\u0131da tutup onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Enerji \u015eart\u0131
\nAntla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (Energy Charter Treaty) 6 onaylamaya raz\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBu antla\u015fmay\u0131 onaylamas\u0131 ile Gazprom\u2019un faaliyetlerinin \u015feffaf olmas\u0131
\nsa\u011flanacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt Ortak Alan (Four Common Spaces)
\n<\/b>
\nRusya ve AB aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen zirvelerden St. Petersburg
\nZirvesi\u2019nde (31 May\u0131s 2003) 7 iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yasal ili\u015fkilerin zeminini
\nolu\u015fturan Ortakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ba\u011fl\u0131
\nkal\u0131narak, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek amac\u0131yla, uzun
\nvadeli uygulama alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan d\u00f6rt ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta ortak alanlar
\nolu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u00f6rt Ortak Alan\u201d (Four Common Spaces) olarak tan\u0131mlanan bu
\nalanlar \u015funlard\u0131r: Ortak ekonomik alan (the common economic space),
\n\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, g\u00fcvenlik ve adalet ortak alan\u0131 (the common space on
\nfreedom, security and justice), d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik ortak alan\u0131 (the common
\nspace on external security), ara\u015ft\u0131rma, e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ortak alan\u0131 (the
\ncommon space on research, education and culture). 2003 St. Petersburg
\nZirvesi\u2019nde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cD\u00f6rt Ortak Alana\u201d ili\u015fkin yol haritas\u0131 ise
\n2005 Moskova Zirvesi\u2019nde belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

8 May\u0131s 2010 RUSYA\u2019NIN B\u00d6LGESEL VE ULUSLARARASI POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI
\n<\/b>
\nOrtak Ekonomik Alan: Amac\u0131 Rusya ile AB aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k ve entegre
\nolmu\u015f bir pazar olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in ticareti ve yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan
\nengellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, reformlar\u0131n ve rekabetin te\u015fvik edilmesi, \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n,
\nayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapmaman\u0131n ve iyi y\u00f6netimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.
\nTelekom\u00fcnikasyon, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k, enerji, uzay ve \u00e7evre konular\u0131 da
\nortak ekonomik alan kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, G\u00fcvenlik ve Adalet Ortak Alan\u0131: Bu ortak alanda \u00f6zellikle
\ndemokrasi, insan haklar\u0131 ve temel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere sayg\u0131, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,
\nba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131 sisteminin temel de\u011ferlerinin etkin uygulanmas\u0131,
\n\u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z medya gibi konular ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu alanda yak\u0131n
\nzamanda antla\u015fmalarla vize i\u015flemlerinde kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flanmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece
\nRus vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ve AB \u00fcyesi devletlerin vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak
\ni\u015f, gezi ve turizm seyahatlerinde kolayl\u0131klar sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAyr\u0131ca bu ortak alan kapsam\u0131nda ter\u00f6r, organize su\u00e7, uyu\u015fturucu
\nka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yolsuzlukla m\u00fccadele de ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f G\u00fcvenlik Ortak Alan\u0131: Temel ama\u00e7 uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n tesisi olarak
\ntan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la taraflar uluslararas\u0131 sorunlarda BM\u2019nin
\netkin bir bi\u00e7imde m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceleyeceklerini, ard\u0131ndan AG\u0130T
\nve Avrupa Konseyi gibi uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler nezdinde uluslararas\u0131 konular\u0131
\nde\u011ferlendireceklerini ve bu alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131lacak alanlar \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: g\u00fcvenlik ve
\nkriz y\u00f6netiminde diyalog kurulmas\u0131, k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131
\nortak tutum geli\u015ftirilmesi, ter\u00f6rizm, kitle imha silahlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131
\nve yerel krizlerle ortak m\u00fccadele. Ayr\u0131ca Transnistria (Moldova), Abhazya,
\nG\u00fcney Osetya ve Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f gibi sorunlar\u0131n BM ve AG\u0130T
\n\u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmas\u0131 yolunda iki taraf aras\u0131nda mutabakata
\nvar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, E\u011fitim ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Ortak Alan\u0131: Taraflar aras\u0131nda uyumun
\nsa\u011flanmas\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak vatanda\u015flar aras\u0131nda iyi niyetin tesis edilmesi
\na\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu ortak alanda, k\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131
\nile Rus k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve entelekt\u00fcel miraslar\u0131n\u0131n bir arada de\u011ferlendirilmesi,
\nb\u00f6ylece taraflar aras\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131
\nama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la taraflar aras\u0131nda ortak e\u011fitim programlar\u0131,
\n\u00f6\u011frenci de\u011fi\u015fimleri, ders m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131nda uyum gibi konular
\nele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Moskova\u2019da bir Avrupa enstit\u00fcs\u00fc kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

AB\u2019nin Rusya Hakk\u0131ndaki \u00dclke Strateji Belgesi (2007-2013)
\n<\/b>
\nBu belgede AB\u2019nin Rusya ile ili\u015fkilerde \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi temel unsurlar
\ns\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Rusya\u2019n\u0131n politik ajandas\u0131nda demokrasi, insan
\nhaklar\u0131, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi temel konular\u0131n ne
\n\u015fekilde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Rus d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgesel konulardaki tutumu,
\nekonomi politikas\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa ekonomi modeline uyumla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik
\nprojeleri, sosyal politikalar ve \u00e7evre politikas\u0131 ele al\u0131narak analiz
\nedilmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cortak alanlar\u0131n\u201d uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda yava\u015f davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak ajandas\u0131na koydu\u011fu \u00f6nlemlerle ortak
\nalanlara ili\u015fkin giri\u015fimlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rabilece\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nRusya\u2019n\u0131n politik ve ekonomik istikrar\u0131, istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde enerji tedarikinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, adalet ve i\u00e7i\u015fleri, \u00e7evre ve n\u00fckleer g\u00fcvenlik alanlar\u0131nda ileri d\u00fczeyde i\u015fbirli\u011fi AB\u2019nin \u00f6ncelikli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alanlar olarak
\ntan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la 2003 St. Petersburg Zirvesi\u2019nde kabul edilen
\nve 2005 Moskova Zirvesi\u2019nde \u201cyol haritas\u0131\u201d deklare edilen \u201cd\u00f6rt ortak
\nalan\u201d\u0131n \u00f6nemine de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sekt\u00f6rel Antla\u015fmalar<\/p>\n

<\/b>Rusya ve AB aras\u0131nda Ortakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan \u201ckar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sorumluluklar\u201d her iki taraf\u0131n haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu strateji belgeleriyle geli\u015fmi\u015f, \u201cortak alanlar\u0131n\u201d kabul\u00fc ve \u201cyol haritas\u0131n\u0131n\u201d y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe
\nkonulmas\u0131yla i\u015fler k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftiren
\nbelgeler yaln\u0131zca Ortakl\u0131k ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve devam\u0131nda
\nyay\u0131nlanan dok\u00fcmanlar olmay\u0131p, sekt\u00f6rel bazl\u0131 antla\u015fmalar da i\u015fbirli\u011finin
\ngeli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sekt\u00f6rel antla\u015fmalara konu
\nolan alanlar ve antla\u015fma tarihleri \u015f\u00f6yledir: tekstil (1998), enerji (1999),
\nsu\u00e7la m\u00fccadele (2000), silahs\u0131zlanma ve silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmamas\u0131 (1999,
\n2001), bilim ve teknoloji (1999, 2003), \u00e7elik (1997, 2002, 2004, 2007),
\nb\u00f6lgesel politika (2007), uyu\u015fturucu trafi\u011finin kontrol\u00fc (2007).<\/p>\n

Rusya Federasyonu-AB \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Gelece\u011fi Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar nedeniyle siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekonomik olarak yeniden yap\u0131lanma sorunlar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde tesis edilen RF ve AB ili\u015fkileri 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile sorun ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun temelinde Putin y\u00f6netiminin AB\u2019yi ve Bat\u0131’y\u0131 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z bir \u015fekilde davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hatta So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin r\u00f6van\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alg\u0131lamas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Rusya kendisini AB\u2019nin de\u011fil ancak Avrupa medeniyetinin temel bir kurucu unsuru olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Tam da bu nedenle kendi kimli\u011fini Do\u011fu Avrupa siyasi kimli\u011finin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmekte ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya entegre olmaktan ziyade, do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n lideri olarak e\u015fit bir diyalog ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi zemininde bir ortakl\u0131k tesisini savunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda AB\u2019nin on \u00fcyeyi alarak Balt\u0131k \u00fclkeleri
\nvas\u0131tas\u0131yla Rusya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 AB\u2019nin Rusya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fal etki ve
\n\u00e7\u0131kar alan\u0131na bir m\u00fcdahalesi olarak alg\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde do\u011frudan
\nilgili olmasa da NATO\u2019nun do\u011fuya do\u011fru geni\u015flemesini ve AB\u2019nin
\niyi \u201ckom\u015fuluk politikas\u0131\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde alt\u0131 \u00fclkeyle geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi Do\u011fu
\nOrtakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 platformu (Ermenistan, Azerbaycan, Belarus, G\u00fcrcistan, Moldova
\nand Ukrayna) Rusya\u2019y\u0131 memnun etmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Aradaki gerginli\u011fe ra\u011fmen Moskova ve Br\u00fcksel\u2019in ili\u015fkileri koparacak
\nad\u0131mlar atmama konusunda olduk\u00e7a ihtiyatl\u0131 davrand\u0131klar\u0131, birbirlerinin
\nstratejik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zettikleri de g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Burada
\niki b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r aras\u0131ndaki artan ticaret ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir
\nyumu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenebilir. Zira Rusya ve AB birbirlerinin
\ndo\u011fal ticaret orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131rlar. Rusya AB\u2019nin, ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019den sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. 27 \u00fcyeli AB\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f ticareti i\u00e7inde Rusya toplam
\nihracat\u0131nda y\u00fczde 6.2, ithalat\u0131nda ise 10.4\u2019l\u00fck bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. AB
\nise Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131 olup toplam d\u0131\u015f ticareti i\u00e7inde
\ny\u00fczde 54\u2019l\u00fck pay olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.10 Bireysel d\u00fczeyde AB \u00fclkeleri ele
\nal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Almanya Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ticaret orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla
\nRF-AB aras\u0131nda son y\u0131llarda derinle\u015fen g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131na, siyasi
\nili\u015fkilerdeki gerginliklere ra\u011fmen, ticari ili\u015fkilerin giderek yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nve derinle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Bu ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zamanla iki akt\u00f6r
\naras\u0131ndaki siyasi ili\u015fkileri de yumu\u015fatmas\u0131 beklenmelidir.<\/p>\n

AB a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemli sorun Rusya ile ili\u015fkilerinde mahpuslar ikilemine
\nyakalanmas\u0131d\u0131r. AB \u00fclkelerinin bireysel ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 u\u011fruna,
\nAB\u2019nin ortakl\u0131k ruhundan uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck pazarl\u0131k
\ng\u00fcc\u00fc olan birli\u011fin tek sesli olmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemektedir.11 \u00d6te yandan
\nRF ve AB ili\u015fkilerinin gelece\u011fi daha genel anlamda d\u00fcnya ekonomi
\npolitikas\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerindeki de\u011fi\u015fmelerden, \u00f6zellikle ABD ve
\nAB aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler ve NATO gibi g\u00fcvenlik yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l
\nevirilece\u011fi ile de yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Birol Akgün Komünist bloğun çökmesinden sonra Sovyetler Birliği’nin çekirdek gücünü temsil eden Rusya, bir taraftan kaybettiği eski gücünü kazanmak diğer yandan ise kapitalizme ve demokratik bir yönetime geçişin tüm sorunlarını yaşamış ve bu arada Kafkaslardaki ayrılıkçı hareketlerle uğraşmak durumunda kalmıştır. Batıya karşı jeopolitik güç mücadelesini kaybeden Rusya’da, Rus siyasi elitlerini eskiden beri ayıran […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12245"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12247,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12245\/revisions\/12247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}