{"id":12306,"date":"2019-03-30T13:08:45","date_gmt":"2019-03-30T18:08:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=12306"},"modified":"2019-03-30T13:08:45","modified_gmt":"2019-03-30T18:08:45","slug":"turk-usulu-utopya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/turk-usulu-utopya\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK USUL\u00dc \u00dcTOPYA"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Murat Belge<\/strong>
\n<\/span>Tempo, say\u0131: 2008\/49<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6mestre lisans\u00fcst\u00fc program\u0131nda \u2018T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131nda \u00dctopya\u2019 diye bir konuyu inceliyoruz. Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in \u2018iyi edebiyat\/k\u00f6t\u00fc edebiyat\u2019 diye bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc uygulam\u0131yoruz. Bu niyette yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ne varsa taray\u0131p, estetik \u00f6tesi ortak noktalar\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Edebiyat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131nca, ortaya \u00e7ok doyurucu bir eser \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor. Ama \u2018\u00fctopya\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131nca da durum pek farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. \u2018\u00dctopya\u2019=\u2019kalk\u0131nma\u2019 gibi bir form\u00fcl \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za s\u0131k s\u0131k. \u2018Takma Ayak\u2019 bir \u00e7avu\u015fun veya \u2018Tek \u00c7ar\u0131k\u2019 (nedense sava\u015f gazisi ve sakat oluyorlar) bir y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u00f6y\u00fc kalk\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131p kurtarmas\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne oturan tamamen propagandist kitaplar okuyoruz; ama Yakup Kadri\u2019nin \u2018Ankara\u2019s\u0131 da bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7emiyor. O da k\u00f6t\u00fc bir kitap ve \u2018\u00fctopya\u2019s\u0131 \u00fctopya de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

San\u0131r\u0131m \u00fctopya insanlarda nesnelerin ili\u015fkilerinden \u00e7ok, insanlar\u0131n insanlarla ili\u015fkilerinde \u2018devrimci\u2019 de\u011finebilir de\u011fi\u015fimler tasavvur etmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u015feydir. Bizim \u00fctopyalarda bu pek yok.\u201cS\u0131n\u0131f farklar\u0131 korunarak kalk\u0131nma\u201d diye \u00f6zetlenebilecek bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar; bu da \u2018\u00fctopya\u2019 olmuyor.<\/p>\n

Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu erken Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilgin\u00e7 bir ayd\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. Rusya\u2019dan (Azerbaycan\u2019dan) gelen T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gibi milliyet\u00e7idir; ama ayn\u0131 zamanda liberalizme inan\u0131r. \u0130yi okumu\u015f bir adamd\u0131r. Tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131 incelemi\u015f, \u00fczerinde kafa yormu\u015ftur.1930\u2019da \u2018Serbest \u0130nsanlar \u00dclkesinde\u2019 ad\u0131nda bir kitap (\u00fctopya) yay\u0131mlar. Bunu daha \u00f6nce Cumhuriyet\u2019te tefrika etmi\u015f, talep \u00fcst\u00fcne kitap haline getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

HAK\u0130KATE TAHAMM\u00dcL
\n<\/b>
\nA\u011fao\u011flu\u2019nun \u2018edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 olmak\u2019 gibi bir kayg\u0131s\u0131 yok. Bu kitab\u0131nda da o t\u00fcr bir \u00f6zene rastlam\u0131yoruz. Birtak\u0131m fikirleri anlatmak i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kaba saba bir anlat\u0131 ekseni kurulmu\u015f, her \u015fey bu \u2018fikir s\u00f6ylemek\u2019 \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda. \u201cBen\u201d diye konu\u015fan anlat\u0131c\u0131 bir yol ayr\u0131m\u0131na gelip, \u201cSol tarafa giden yol h\u00fcrriyet yoludur\/Sa\u011f tarafa giden yol k\u00f6lelik yoludur\u201d diye levha g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Sol tarafa y\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve Serbest \u0130nsanlar \u00dclkesi\u2019ne geliyor. Ona, buran\u0131n yolunu yordam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek ve sonra kalma veya gitme karar\u0131n\u0131 vermek \u00fczere s\u00fcre tan\u0131yorlar.\u2018Pirler\u2019 denilen ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar da bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ona e\u011fitim veriyorlar. Anlat\u0131c\u0131, bu s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 anlat\u0131n\u0131n sonunda, \u00fclkenin de\u011ferlerini anl\u0131yor ve benimsiyor.<\/p>\n

Benimsemesi gereken de\u011ferlerden birinin \u2018hakikate tahamm\u00fcl\u2019 olmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7. \u015e\u00f6yle anlat\u0131l\u0131yor: \u201cDo\u011fruyu seven hakikate de tahamm\u00fcl eder. Fakat do\u011fruyu sevmek ve hakikate tahamm\u00fcl etmek g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar kolay de\u011fildir. \u0130nsanlar umumiyetle do\u011fruyu sevdiklerini ve hakikate h\u00fcrmet ettiklerini s\u00f6ylerler. Fakat hakikatte bir\u00e7o\u011fu bundan ho\u015flanmaz.\u201d
\nAhmet A\u011fao\u011flu \u2018\u015eark\u2019a \u00f6zg\u00fc \u2018yaltaklanma\u2019ya \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131.\u201c\u015eark kasidehanlar\u0131, bilmeyerek ve fark\u0131na varmayarak milletlerine en \u00e7ok fenal\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f insanlard\u0131r\u201d diyor. \u201cNe gariptir ki bu kasideler h\u00fcr olmak isteyen ayn\u0131 cemaatlerin mekteplerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 da edebi numune olmak \u00fczere okutturulmaktad\u0131r! \u0130ngiliz kanunu da daha 15\u2019inci as\u0131rdan beri kral\u0131n methedilmesini, zemmolunmas\u0131 kadar menetmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fte h\u00fcr olmak isteyen bir milletin hareketi!\u201d diye devam ediyor. Bundan sonra \u2018jurnalcilik\u2019 de nefretle an\u0131l\u0131yor. Demek ki \u2018say\u0131n muhbir vatanda\u015f\u2019 olmak da iyi bir \u015fey de\u011filmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

ASLAN BAKI\u015eLI DAH\u0130
\n<\/b>
\nA\u011fao\u011flu, kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u2018Mukaddeme\u2019sinde, \u201cT\u00fcrk milleti Dahi rehberinin sevki ile Cumhuriyet gibi m\u00fctek\u00e2mil bir idare \u015feklini tahakkuk ettirmi\u015ftir\u201d diyor. Ama bu rejimin ancak nitelikli insanlarla ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Sonra gene D\u00e2hi\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fcyor: Anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkenin \u2018Pirleri\u2019, \u201cT\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni kuran D\u00e2hi\u2019nin emel ve arzular\u0131n\u0131n tahakkuku i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar\u201d. Buras\u0131 biraz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k: Madem burada \u00e2l\u00e2s\u0131 var, niye ba\u015fka \u00fclkeye gidiyor?<\/p>\n

A\u011fao\u011flu milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi \u015furada g\u00f6steriyor: \u201cYurdum evvelce Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcksek yaylas\u0131 idi. Sonra ta\u015fk\u0131n bir kan\u0131n hamleleri ile cetlerim \u015earka, Garba, \u015eimale ve Cenuba do\u011fru yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar, memleketler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar, devletler kurmu\u015flar, medeniyetler \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u2026 Fakat sonralar\u0131 kan\u0131m\u0131z kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2026 Efendi milletim k\u00f6le oldu.\u201d Ama i\u015fler gene d\u00fczeliyor: \u201cAram\u0131zdan sar\u0131 sa\u00e7l\u0131, mert y\u00fczl\u00fc, aslan bak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 birisi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Me\u011ferki elini sak\u0131nan, yurdunu esirgeyen Tanr\u0131n\u0131n resul\u00fc imi\u015f! S\u00f6zler s\u00f6yledi ki donmu\u015f kalplere s\u0131cakl\u0131k, \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f damarlara can verdi. \u0130\u015fler yapt\u0131 ki b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya hayret etti. Y\u00e2d elleri yurttan kovdu, hakan\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 etti ve bug\u00fcn milletini h\u00fcrriyet etraf\u0131nda toplamakla me\u015fguld\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n

Anlat\u0131c\u0131 bu s\u0131rada zincirini k\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ama nedense, \u201cTanr\u0131 resul\u00fcn\u00fcn sesini\u201d i\u015fitti\u011fi halde buraya gelmi\u015f. Pirler kimden s\u00f6z edildi\u011fini hemen anl\u0131yorlar:
\n\u201cEvet! Evet! Biz de o kahraman\u0131 tan\u0131r\u0131z ve onun a\u015fk\u0131y\u0131z. Burada onun ideali nam\u0131na hareket ederiz.\u201d<\/p>\n

O zaman gene kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, ger\u00e7eklik ve \u00fctopya…<\/p>\n

\u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck adamlar\u2019 konusu belli ki A\u011fao\u011flu\u2019nun zihnini hep kurcal\u0131yor: \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fcklere nas\u0131l h\u00fcrmet edilir?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcmde gene \u2018tabasbus\u2019a, ki\u015filik k\u00fclt\u00fc yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na de\u011finiyor. \u00d6nder y\u00fcceltmenin ba\u015fka insanlar al\u00e7altmak anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fini anlat\u0131yor: \u201cEvlad\u0131m bu kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesine raz\u0131 olan bir memleket fel\u00e2h bulur mu?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eimdi b\u00f6yle bir \u00fcslubun h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu bir muhitte do\u011fruluktan, samimiyetten, hakiki muhabbetten, mecburiyetten, hul\u00e2sa i\u00e7timai ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n temellerini kuran alakalardan eser kal\u0131r m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

Bunlar do\u011fru ama \u2018Resul\u2019 derken A\u011fao\u011flu kendisi de ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapm\u0131yor mu? \u2018Kasidehan\u2019 diyerek ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi kimseler aras\u0131nda Beh\u00e7et Kemal de olamaz m\u0131? Anlat\u0131lanlar ile Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu\u2019nun hayat\u0131n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olmal\u0131.\u2018Serbest \u0130nsanlar \u00dclkesinde\u2019 ile Serbest F\u0131kra\u2019n\u0131n zamanlar\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6nce tefrika edildi\u011fine ve 1930\u2019da bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1929\u2019da \u00fctopyay\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu herhalde.1930\u2019un sonuna do\u011fru Serbest F\u0131kra, Fethi Bey\u2019in vermek zorunda oldu\u011fu kararla kendi kendini feshetti. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fc d\u00f6rt ay kadar bir \u015feydir. A\u011fustosta kuruldu, kas\u0131mda kapand\u0131. Ekimdeki yerel se\u00e7imde ba\u015fkanl\u0131k kazanan Samsun Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 istifa etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Bundan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 1933\u2019te, Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnun kapat\u0131l\u0131p \u00fcniversite kurulurken, Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu da kadro d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131. \u00dctopya kald\u0131 ba\u015fka bahara.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Murat Belge Tempo, sayı: 2008\/49 Bu sömestre lisansüstü programında ‘Türk Edebiyatında Ütopya’ diye bir konuyu inceliyoruz. Bunu yapmak için ‘iyi edebiyat\/kötü edebiyat’ diye bir ölçü uygulamıyoruz. Bu niyette yazılmış ne varsa tarayıp, estetik ötesi ortak noktaları bulmaya çalışıyoruz. Edebiyat açısından bakınca, ortaya çok doyurucu bir eser çıkmıyor. Ama ‘ütopya’ açısından bakınca da durum pek farklı […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12306"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12308,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12306\/revisions\/12308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}