{"id":12370,"date":"2019-03-30T19:28:59","date_gmt":"2019-03-31T00:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=12370"},"modified":"2019-03-30T19:28:59","modified_gmt":"2019-03-31T00:28:59","slug":"turkiyenin-yeni-dunyasi-korfez-ulkeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/turkiyenin-yeni-dunyasi-korfez-ulkeleri\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019N\u0130N YEN\u0130 D\u00dcNYASI – K\u00d6RFEZ \u00dcLKELER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Alan O. Makovsky<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1990-91 K\u00f6rfez krizine kadar, T\u00fcrkiye ile K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda yo\u011fun ekonomik ili\u015fkiler bulunmaktayd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye Suudi Arabistan ve Kuveyt’ten petrol ithal etmekte, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri satmaktayd\u0131. \u00c7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrk \u015firketi, K\u00f6rfez b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6zellikle de Suudi Arabistan’daki b\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faat projelerinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine de T\u00fcrkiye’nin K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleriyle anlaml\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik ve siyasi ba\u011flar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Irak’\u0131n Kuveyt’i i\u015fgali bir yandan bu \u00fclkelerle olan ticareti yok ederken,
\ndi\u011fer yandan da T\u00fcrkiye’nin K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerine yepyeni bir
\nboyut kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na y\u00fcz binlerce asker y\u0131\u011farak ve Irak’\u0131n bombalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ABD’nin, topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na izin vererek, K\u00f6rfez krizinde, \u00e7ok kritik bir rol oynad\u0131.38 Hem Kuveyt hem de Suudi Arabistan, T\u00fcrkiye’nin oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rolden dolay\u0131 minnettarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sunarak, Irak’a uygulanan ticari ambargo nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye’nin u\u011frad\u0131 zararlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mali yard\u0131m s\u00f6z\u00fc verdiler.39 T\u00fcrkiye bu yard\u0131m\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hibe ve petrol \u015feklinde ald\u013140 ama al\u0131nan yard\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, T\u00fcrklerde ihanete u\u011frama ve fedakarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alamama hissi uyand\u0131rd\u0131.41K\u00f6rfez krizinden beri, Irak’tan ge\u00e7en direkt ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, T\u00fcrkiye’nin b\u00f6lgeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihracat d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bundan sonra T\u00fcrk in\u015faat \u015firketleri Orta Asya, Rusya ve Avrupa pazarlar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin Suudi Arabistan’dan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 petrol ithalat\u0131, Irak’tan yap\u0131lan ithalat\u0131n yerine ikame edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in belirgin
\nbir bi\u00e7imde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat gelecekteki petrol ve do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye, y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc K\u00f6rfezden \u00e7ok \u0130ran, Orta Asya ve Azerbaycan’a \u00e7evirme e\u011filimindedir. Irak’a uygulanan ambargo kalkmadan ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin yeniden tesis edilmesi i\u00e7in idari \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmeksizin, T\u00fcrkiye’nin k\u00f6rfezdeki ekonomik konumunu yeniden nas\u0131l elde edece\u011fi, hele de bu b\u00f6lgedeki ticari ba\u011flant\u0131lar yok olmu\u015fken, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir soru i\u015faretidir.<\/p>\n

Ankara’n\u0131n K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli bir giri\u015fimde bulunaca\u011f\u0131
\n\u015f\u00fcphelidir. Nitekim, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 \u0130smail Cem, 1998’in sonlar\u0131ndaki bir
\nm\u00fclakatta T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 irdelerken, T\u00fcrkiye’nin bir
\nOrtado\u011fu \u00fclkesi oldu\u011fu kadar bir Balkan \u00fclkesi de oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f fakat
\nm\u00fclakat\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine do\u011frudan g\u00f6ndermede bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ran T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r b\u00f6lgede rekabet halinde bulunan iki devlettir.<\/p>\n

Fakat, \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilimadam\u0131n\u0131n da i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, bu iki devlet 17.
\nY\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri sava\u015fmamakta ve aralar\u0131nda herhangi bir toprak anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.43Bu uzun g\u00f6reli bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemi iki devletin pragmatik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1979 \u0130ran devriminden sonra, ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeye indi. Bu durumun
\nnedeni her iki devletin de birbirini kendi i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmakla su\u00e7lamas\u0131yd\u0131.
\nT\u00fcrkiye, s\u0131k s\u0131k, \u0130ran’\u0131 \u0130slami k\u00f6ktendinci gruplar\u0131 desteklemekle su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015f;
\n\u0130ran ise, T\u00fcrkiye’yi Halk\u0131n M\u00fccahitleri gibi muhalif gruplar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak ve
\n\u0130ran i\u00e7indeki Azeri az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa te\u015fvik etmekle itham etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, T\u00fcrk ordusunun PKK’ya y\u00f6nelik operasyonlar\u0131 \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n yerlerde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, iki devlet askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelmi\u015ftir. 1994 ve 1999 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, PKK\u2019y\u0131 takip eden T\u00fcrk sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131 \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki k\u00f6ylere zarar vermi\u015fti. S\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, 1995 May\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n
\nba\u015flar\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ran\u2019daki PKK \u00fcslerini vurmay\u0131 bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Temmuz 1996’da PKK, \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerindeki T\u00fcrk karakollar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenledi. Demirel sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ziyaret ederek \u0130ran’\u0131 sert bir bi\u00e7imde ele\u015ftirdi.46 \u015eubat 1997’de, \u0130ran’\u0131n Ankara b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi, \u0130slami k\u00f6ktendincilerin Sincan’da d\u00fczenledikleri bir toplant\u0131da k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir konu\u015fma yap\u0131nca ili\u015fkiler daha da gerginle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

1999 yaz\u0131nda, ili\u015fkiler bir kez daha k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti. Ba\u015fbakan Ecevit, \u0130ran
\n\u015fehirlerinde patlak veren h\u00fck\u00fcmet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6sterileri “sonu gelmi\u015f bir bask\u0131
\nrejimi”ne kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen “do\u011fal” bir tepki olarak nitelendirdi. D\u00f6rt g\u00fcn
\nsonra, Tahran, PKK’y\u0131 takip eden T\u00fcrk sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki k\u00f6yleri vurarak be\u015f sivilin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine sebep oldu\u011funu iddia etti. T\u00fcrkiye, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta iddiay\u0131 reddetmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n daha sonra olay\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu z\u0131mnen kabul etti. Bombalama olay\u0131ndan sadece birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, \u0130ran, s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinde iki T\u00fcrk askerini yakalam\u0131\u015f, yarg\u0131lamakla tehdit etmi\u015f ve iki hafta sonra serbest b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Askerlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geri d\u00f6nmesiyle, gerilim d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve ihtilaf sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6neltti\u011fi PKK ve \u0130slami k\u00f6ktendincili\u011fi destekledi\u011fine
\nili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k alan\u0131
\nbulunmaktad\u0131r. Orta Asya\u2019daki eski Sovyet cumhuriyetleri i\u00e7in en iyi modelin hangi \u00fclke olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda \u00e7etin bir rekabet bulunmaktad\u0131r. Fakat, her iki \u00fclke de s\u00f6zkonusu b\u00f6lgeyi etkileri alt\u0131na alabilecek kaynaklara sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri, T\u00fcrk ya da \u0130ran modelini se\u00e7mekten \u00e7ok ili\u015fkilerini \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmeye hevesli g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fckleri i\u00e7in iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki rekabetin h\u0131z\u0131 azald\u0131. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n pan-T\u00fcrkizme ve pan-T\u00fcrkizmin \u0130ran\u2019daki Azeri az\u0131nl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkisine y\u00f6nelik korkusu, Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n pan-T\u00fcrkist devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ebulfeyz El\u00e7ibey\u2019in 1993\u2019te iktidardan d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle hafifledi.48 \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki di\u011fer uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konular\u0131 ise, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n uzun menzilli f\u00fcze ve kitle ileti\u015fim silahlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131d\u0131r. Tahran ayr\u0131ca, Ermenistan, Yunanistan ve bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Rusya ile stratejik ili\u015fkiler kurma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kili sorunlar ve rejim farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, pragmatizm ve sa\u011fduyu genellikle T\u00fcrk-\u0130ran ili\u015fkilerine egemen olmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye do\u011fal gaza ihtiya\u00e7 duymakta ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmek istemektedir. 2001\u2019in ortalar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak \u0130ran\u2019dan gaz al\u0131m\u0131 konusunda mutabakata varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir pazar ve Orta Asya\u2019ya transit ge\u00e7i\u015f yolu olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0130ran a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da T\u00fcrkiye Bat\u0131\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran\u2019da baz\u0131 \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 liderlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve 1997\u2019de Muhammed Hatemi\u2019nin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131yla umutlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1998\u2019de Hatemi y\u00f6netimi, T\u00fcrkiye ile Suriye aras\u0131ndaki krizde arabulucu olmu\u015ftu. S\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Suriye\u2019nin PKK\u2019ya verdi\u011fi deste\u011fi keserek \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu ilk kez \u0130ran d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Kemal Harazzi s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.50 Yine de, Ankara, g\u00f6zlemcilerin, Tahran\u2019da Hatemi\u2019den \u00e7ok bask\u0131c\u0131 mollalar\u0131n siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fc ellerinde tutmaya devam ettiklerine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer \u0130ran\u2019da siyasi sistemin liberalle\u015fme s\u00fcreci devam ederse, T\u00fcrk-\u0130ran ili\u015fkilerine pragmatizm, daha az sorun ve iki \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lan ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar egemen olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ortado\u011fu’da T\u00fcrkiye ve ABD
\n<\/b>
\nT\u00fcrkiye ve ABD, Missouri z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131, Stalin\u2019in tehditlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak,
\n1946\u2019da \u0130stanbul liman\u0131na demirledi\u011finden beri iki m\u00fcttefik devlettir. Fakat iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler hep p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir zeminde ilerlememi\u015ftir. Ortado\u011fu\u2019yla ilgili olarak iki \u00fclke s\u0131k s\u0131k anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fse de, anla\u015fmazl\u0131k noktalar\u0131 temele ili\u015fkin olmay\u0131p n\u00fcanslarla ilgilidir. 1950\u2019lerde ve 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda, Ankara ve Washington\u2019un Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ortakt\u0131. Her iki \u00fclkede Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya So\u011fuk Sava\u015f merce\u011finden bakmakta ve \u0130srail\u2019le ilgili olarak aralar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu uyum 1967 Arap-\u0130srail sava\u015f\u0131yla bozuldu. \u0130srail\u2019in Arap topraklar\u0131n\u0131
\n\u00f6zellikle de Do\u011fu Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc i\u015fgali T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130slam Konferans\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne
\nkat\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. T\u00fcrk diplomatlar, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta T\u00fcrk tezlerine
\nAraplar\u0131n ve \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinin deste\u011fini sa\u011flama aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girdiler. Bu \u00e7aba, korktuklar\u0131 gibi, pek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131. K\u0131br\u0131s Rumlar, ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z hareket i\u00e7indeki \u00fcyeliklerinden gelen etki ve prestif sayesinde Araplar ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131. 1970\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130slamc\u0131 bir partinin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve 1973 petrol krizinden sonra Arap pazar\u0131na girme ihtiyac\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD politikas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6n benimsemesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Fakat, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130srail\u2019le ili\u015fkilerini kesmedi. \u0130srail\u2019in o topraklarda kal\u0131c\u0131 ama s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 oldu\u011funu ba\u015ftan kabul ederek, Filistin davas\u0131n\u0131 destekledi ve FK\u00d6 ile diplomatik ili\u015fkiler kurdu.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran-Irak sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Irak\u2019\u0131 destekleyen ABD\u2019nin aksine T\u00fcrkiye
\ntarafs\u0131z kald\u0131. Washington\u2019un, \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131
\ndesteklemekten de ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131. Bunun yerine, \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n liderli\u011finde, ticari \u00e7\u0131karlarla \u0130slami ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 harmanlayan bir Ortado\u011fu politikas\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Irak bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u00d6zal 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 Ortado\u011fu bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeni bir Ortado\u011fu yaratma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n co\u015fkusuna kap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrecin arkas\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce- \u0130srailli ve Arap temsilcileri biraraya getiren \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgesel bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlikle ilgili kapsaml\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla- \u00d6zal’\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k olgusuna dayal\u0131 Ortado\u011fu vizyonuyla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmekteydi. Fakat, T\u00fcrkiye’nin bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecine katk\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok az, etkisi de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcre\u00e7 t\u0131kand\u0131ktan sonra, ABD’nin \u0130srail’i uzla\u015fmaya ikna etmekteki isteksizli\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk kamuoyunda d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ortado\u011fu’daki T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfuzu, t\u0131kal\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecini yeniden ba\u015flatmak ya da
\nOrtado\u011fu’daki olaylar\u0131 etkilemek i\u00e7in yetersiz kalmaktad\u0131r. Yine de, ABD, Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 demokratik bir T\u00fcrkiye’yi So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Ortado\u011fusunda, \u00f6zellikle de Clinton y\u00f6netiminin \u0130ran ve Irak’a kar\u015f\u0131 “\u00e7ifte \u00e7evreleme” politikas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir \u00fclke olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. \u0130ran ve Irak’\u0131n yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hatta her ikisinde de rejim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren \u00e7ifte \u00e7evreleme politikas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin i\u015fbirli\u011fi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n uygulanamazd\u0131. Irak’a y\u00f6nelik BM yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n etkili bir bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin deste\u011fi \u00e7ok kritik bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7eki\u00e7
\nG\u00fc\u00e7\/Kuzeyden Ke\u015fif Harekat\u0131’n\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye’nin r\u0131zas\u0131, kuzey Irak’\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7eki\u00e7 G\u00fc\u00e7\/Kuzeyden Ke\u015fif Harekat\u0131, ABD\u2019nin, Kuzey Irak\u2019ta, muhalif Irak Ulusal Kongresi\u2019ni \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesini\u2013en az\u0131ndan Irak ordusu 1996\u2019da hareketi yok edene de\u011fin- ve K\u00fcrt gruplar\u0131 Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n denetiminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. ABD\u2019nin \u0130ran politikas\u0131 ise, m\u00fcttefiklerinin iyiniyet ve i\u015fbirli\u011fini gerektiren tek tarafl\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015f ambargoya dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130ran\u2019la yak\u0131n ekonomik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirebilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli engeller bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, aralar\u0131ndaki do\u011fal gaz anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi Ocak 2000\u2019den Temmuz 2001\u2019e ertelenmi\u015ftir. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n PKK\u2019y\u0131 ve k\u00f6ktendinci gruplar\u0131 desteklemesinden duydu\u011fu memnuniyetsizlik de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, ABD\u2019nin \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 \u00e7evreleme \u00e7abalar\u0131na meyletmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da g\u00f6rmeyi arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 istikrarl\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisine dayal\u0131 bir Ortado\u011fu ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na en iyi hizmet edecek
\nOrtado\u011fu aras\u0131nda tam bir uyum bulunmaktad\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcnl\u00fck politikalar
\nbak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ankara ve Washington bir\u00e7ok konuda birbirinden farkl\u0131 davranmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Irak\u2019ta \u00c7eki\u00e7 G\u00fc\u00e7\/Kuzeyden Ke\u015fif Harekat\u0131 ile ABD\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131,
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, kendi toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc pahas\u0131na ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgede bir K\u00fcrt devletinin kurulmas\u0131na destek verdi\u011fine ili\u015fkin yayg\u0131n bir kan\u0131ya yol a\u00e7t\u0131.53 Sonu\u00e7ta, T\u00fcrk ordusundaki bir\u00e7ok subay da, on y\u0131llara dayanan ittifaka ra\u011fmen, ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015f\u00fcpheyle bakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.54 Ger\u00e7ekte ABD, kuzey Irak\u2019ta K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere Irak hukukunca verilen \u00f6zerkli\u011fin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7en federal bir d\u00fczenleme getirmek istiyor g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. ABD, KYP ve KDP\u2019yi 1992\u2019de kurulan federe y\u00f6netimin yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmaya ikna ettikten sonra T\u00fcrkiye-ABD ili\u015fkilerinde ya\u015fanan bunal\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda
\ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi T\u00fcrkiye bu tasar\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Irak\u2019\u0131n BM kararlar\u0131na uymas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesine kar\u015f\u0131n,
\nyak\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 uygulanan ticari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n gev\u015fetilmesi ya da
\nkald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yanad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki karar al\u0131c\u0131lar, Irak\u2019\u0131n kitle imha
\nsilahlar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duymakla birlikte bunlar\u0131n kuvvet kullan\u0131m\u0131 yoluyla yok edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu ba\u011flamda kamuoyu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamakta ve T\u00fcrk liderler b\u00f6lgedeki ABD politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir arac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmek istememektedirler. \u015eubat 1998\u2019de, Irak\u2019\u0131n BM\u2019nin silah incelemelerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ya\u015fanan krizde, Ankara, ABD\u2019nin Irak\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu karar kamuoyunun iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eubat 1998 krizinde yap\u0131lan komuoyu yoklamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, halk\u0131n % 80\u2019i, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00fcslerin Irak\u2019a y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.55 Fakat benzer bir bunal\u0131m 1998\u2019in sonunda yine ya\u015fan\u0131nca, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu kez i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rd\u0131. Bu belirgin de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin nedeni hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz ABD\u2019nin \u00d6calan sorununda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verdi\u011fi destekti.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki karar al\u0131c\u0131lar, ABD\u2019nin, Suriye\u2019nin ter\u00f6rizme verdi\u011fi destekle ilgili pek \u00e7ok konuda Suriye\u2019ye bask\u0131 yapmay\u0131 kesece\u011finden endi\u015fe
\netmektedirler. \u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015fi, ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Ortado\u011fu bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinde Suriye\u2019nin deste\u011fini kazanman\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ter\u00f6rizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almaktan daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Benzer \u015fekilde, Suriye\u2019nin Golan Tepeleri\u2019ndeki su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130srail\u2019e devretmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ABD\u2019nin F\u0131rat-Dicle su uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bask\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131ndan endi\u015fe edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/b><\/p>\n

Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki geli\u015fmeler T\u00fcrkiye-ABD ili\u015fkilerini muhtemelen gelecekte de
\netkilemeye devam edecektir. 1990\u2019larda iki diplomat\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye b\u00f6lgede her zaman ABD\u2019yle uyu\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, ABD\u2019nin ta\u015feronu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7izmek de istemeyecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeye ili\u015fkin politikalar\u0131nda gelecekte de farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olmas\u0131 muhtemeldir.57 Ancak bu, T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD\u2019nin bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklendikleri anlam\u0131na gelmemelidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki \u00fclke b\u00f6lgenin gelece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik ortak \u00e7\u0131karlara ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de ortak stratejik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahiptir. \u0130ran\u2019daki liberalle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 azaltabilir. Ayr\u0131ca \u015fimdilik bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, ABD\u2019nin, \u00d6calan ve PKK konusunda Ankara\u2019ya verdi\u011fi destek sayesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumlu hava ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin imkan ve kabiliyetleri, Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki siyasi geli\u015fmeleri
\nbelirgin bir bi\u00e7imde etkilemekten uzakt\u0131r. Fakat, T\u00fcrkiye en az\u0131ndan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettirebilir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki karar al\u0131c\u0131lar, Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem atfetmekte ve 1998\u2019de Suriye\u2019yle ya\u015fanan bunal\u0131mda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, b\u00f6lgede iddial\u0131 davranmaya istekli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedirler. Kuzey Irak sorunu ile b\u00f6lgedeki sular\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar T\u00fcrkiyesiz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

Ekonomik geli\u015fme de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki etkisini artt\u0131rabilir. M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130ran,
\n\u0130srail ve son zamanlarda Suriye T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yle aralar\u0131ndaki ticari ili\u015fkileri
\ngeni\u015fletmek istemektedirler. E\u011fer T\u00fcrkiye, demokrasisini daha iyi i\u015fler hale getirebilir ve toplumu daha \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirirse, bu durum Ortado\u011fu\u2019da toplumlararas\u0131 etkile\u015fimi te\u015fvik edebilir. B\u00f6ylece, Araplar\u0131 ve \u0130srail\u2019i de i\u00e7eren b\u00f6lgesel bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunulabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alan O. Makovsky 1990-91 Körfez krizine kadar, Türkiye ile Körfez ülkeleri arasında yoğun ekonomik ilişkiler bulunmaktaydı. Türkiye Suudi Arabistan ve Kuveyt’ten petrol ithal etmekte, karşılığında ise tarım ürünleri satmaktaydı. Çok sayıda Türk şirketi, Körfez bölgesinde özellikle de Suudi Arabistan’daki büyük inşaat projelerinde yer almıştır. Yine de Türkiye’nin Körfez ülkeleriyle anlamlı güvenlik ve siyasi bağları bulunmamaktadır. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arastirma-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12370"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12372,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12370\/revisions\/12372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}