![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image5\/0153-kafkasya.GIF\")
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Candan Badem<\/strong> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n 1) <\/b>Rusya geriye \u00e7ekilmesinin bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. SSCB’nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ilk kez Rusya ile eski SSCB cumhuriyetlerinden birinin d\u00fczenli ordular\u0131 aras\u0131nda sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sava\u015fta Rus ordusu baz\u0131 hatalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen iyi sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2) <\/b>ABD ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin G\u00fcrc\u00fc ordusunu e\u011fitmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve G\u00fcrcistan ordusunun ciddiye al\u0131n\u0131r bir g\u00fcce eri\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/p>\n 3) <\/b>Medvedev-Putin ikilisi sorunu tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6zme kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterememi\u015f, Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcn vermi\u015ftir. Abhazya ve G\u00fcney Osetya, G\u00fcrcistan’daki Amerikanc\u0131 rejimin soyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 giri\u015fimleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir. Yugoslavya’y\u0131 par\u00e7alayan ve en nihayetinde Kosova’n\u0131n da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yan ABD ve AB’nin Abhazya ve G\u00fcney Osetya’n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir ciddi arg\u00fcman\u0131 yoktur. Nitekim Rusya parlamentosu (Duma ve federasyon sovyeti) Medvedev’den bu iki cumhuriyetin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Ancak kendisi de federal bir devlet olan Rusya’n\u0131n \u00e7ekinceleri vard\u0131r ve Medvedev’in ihtiyatl\u0131 davranaca\u011f\u0131 beklenmelidir. Her hal\u00fckarda sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. G\u00fcrcistan ve ABD i\u00e7in uygun olan bir zamanda yeniden alevlenmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n 4) <\/b>T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu b\u00f6lgedeki siyasette etkili bir akt\u00f6r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kez daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 5) <\/b>AB ve NATO blo\u011funun Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulayamayaca\u011f\u0131 belli olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rusya BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi’nde hala veto hakk\u0131na sahiptir ve bir\u00e7ok konuda ABD’nin elini ba\u011flayabilir. Kapitalist Rusya ile kapitalist Bat\u0131’n\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilere kar\u015f\u0131n ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 da oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Rus oligarklar\u0131n Avrupa bankalar\u0131nda ve ABD borsas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda paralar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Esasen \u015fimdiki halde Rusya’n\u0131n elindeki kartlar daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Rusya \u015fimdiden DT\u00d6’ne giri\u015fi yava\u015flatmaya karar vermi\u015ftir. Ancak radikal bir kopu\u015fa da istekli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n Dersleri 1853-56 K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnya sava\u015f tarihinde sava\u015f muhabirleri, telgraf, foto\u011fraf, buharl\u0131 sava\u015f gemileri, ilk z\u0131rhl\u0131lar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, ilk siper sava\u015flar\u0131 vb nedenlerle ilk modern sava\u015f say\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Osmanl\u0131 devletinin Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 ilk kez Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerle ittifak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sava\u015f bu. \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa ile yap\u0131lan bu ittifak\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bug\u00fcn de incelemeye de\u011fer dersler i\u00e7eriyor. Ekim 1853’te sava\u015f ilan\u0131ndan sonra \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z donanmalar\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fckdere \u00f6n\u00fcnde yatarken, 30 Kas\u0131m 1853’te Sivastopol’dan kalkan bir Rus filosu Sinop’ta yatan bir Osmanl\u0131 filosunu yak\u0131p y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa donanmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul’da olmas\u0131n\u0131n Rusya i\u00e7in yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Rus donanmas\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131na sald\u0131rmaya cesaret edemeyece\u011fini sanan emperyalistler fena halde yan\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. (Tabii bizim milliyet\u00e7i tarih\u00e7iler Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde olmakla birlikte Osmanl\u0131 devletinin de emperyalist bir devlet oldu\u011funu ve o zamanki G\u00fcrcistan, \u00c7erkesistan (Abhazya) ve K\u0131r\u0131m \u00fczerinde emperyalist emelleri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek istemezler.) Bu olay \u00fczerine Bat\u0131l\u0131 kamuoyu aya\u011fa kalkar ve nihayet Mart 1854’te \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa Osmanl\u0131 devleti ile ittifak yaparak Rusya’ya sava\u015f ilan ederler. B\u00f6ylece \u0130stanbul halk\u0131 \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z donanmalar\u0131 yan\u0131nda kara ordular\u0131n\u0131 da \u0130stanbul’da g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Bu sava\u015fta m\u00fcttefiklerimiz \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa’n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 devletine bi\u00e7ti\u011fi rol ikincil bir rol idi. Onlar\u0131n izni olmadan Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun hi\u00e7 bir askeri harekat\u0131na veya donanman\u0131n hareketine izin verilmiyordu. M\u00fcttefikler Kafkasya’da Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir tampon yaratma hevesindeydiler ancak bu i\u015fe Osmanl\u0131 devletini de fazla bula\u015ft\u0131rmadan kendileri halletmek istiyorlard\u0131. Halbuki Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n bu konuda ciddi bir birikimi vard\u0131. Ancak m\u00fcttefikler Osmanl\u0131 devletinin buralarda tek ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine ve hatta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir donanma ile do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine bile izin vermediler. Onlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca amac\u0131 Sivastopol liman\u0131n\u0131, tersanesini ve oradaki Rus donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yok etmek idi. B\u00f6ylece Rusya’n\u0131n Karadeniz’de s\u00f6z sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek istiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n 1855 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sivastopol ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda iken Rus Kafkas ordusu da Kars’\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131. Kalede ba\u015fkomutan M\u00fc\u015fir Vas\u0131f Pa\u015fa olmakla birlikte pratikte b\u00fct\u00fcn kararlar\u0131 \u0130ngiliz krali\u00e7esinin askeri komiseri Albay Williams al\u0131yordu. \u0130ngiliz albay\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fctbesi Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda ferikli\u011fe yani t\u00fcmgeneralli\u011fe y\u00fckseltilmi\u015fti. Kars zor durumda olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n m\u00fcttefikler Sivastopol’u zapt etmeye daha fazla \u00f6nem verdikleri i\u00e7in Kars’\u0131 kurtarma operasyonuna uzun s\u00fcre kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar ve geciktirdiler. Nitekim Osmanl\u0131 Serdar-\u0131 Ekrem’i \u00d6mer Pa\u015fa da elini a\u011f\u0131rdan al\u0131nca Kars d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu arada Sivastopol da d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f idi. Sonunda ate\u015fkes ilan edildi ve Sivastopol’a kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Kars Osmanl\u0131’ya geri verildi. Osmanl\u0131 devleti \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k sava\u015fta b\u00fct\u00fcn hazinesini t\u00fcketmi\u015f, binlerce askerini muharebede ve daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan ve bak\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131ktan yitirmi\u015fti. Osmanl\u0131 devleti ayr\u0131ca G\u00fcrcistan’da umdu\u011fu deste\u011fi bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yerel feodal beylerin \u00e7o\u011funu yan\u0131na \u00e7ekemedi\u011fi gibi G\u00fcrc\u00fc halk\u0131ndan da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin \u00e7o\u011fu bu sava\u015fta Rus ordusu yan\u0131nda sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Kars ve civar\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe K\u00fcrt kabileleri de ilk ba\u015fta kolay ya\u011fma umuduyla Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131lar ancak d\u00fczenli ordu Rus ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131nca d\u00f6n\u00fcp kendi ordular\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 devletini “kafir”lerle ittifak halinde g\u00f6ren M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00c7erkesler ve \u015eeyh \u015eamil’in y\u00f6netimindeki Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar ilk ba\u015ftaki birka\u00e7 denemeden sonra sava\u015f boyunca fiilen tarafs\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7erkes, Abaza ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc feodal beylerinin Rusya ile Osmanl\u0131 devleti aras\u0131nda bir tercihleri yoktu, her iki tarafa da ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla birlikte asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7birini istemiyorlard\u0131. Bu feodallerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 resmen iki dinliydiler, Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Adlar\u0131 buna uygun olarak iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc idi. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6le ticareti ile u\u011fra\u015fan \u00c7erkes egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcndeki Osmanl\u0131 devletinin k\u00f6le ticaretini yasaklamas\u0131ndan ho\u015fnut de\u011fildi. Elbette Osmanl\u0131 devletinin k\u00f6le ticaretini yasaklamas\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fclden de\u011fildi ve yasak savma kabilinden idi. O zamanki Osmanl\u0131 sadrazam\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Mehmet Emin Pa\u015fa Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid’e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 arz tezkeresinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n hamlesini birka\u00e7 “n\u00fcmayi\u015f” ile “savu\u015fturmak”tan s\u00f6z ediyordu.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7ta Osmanl\u0131 devleti sava\u015f\u0131 kazanan tarafta olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ne toprak ne de bir tazminat kazanabilmi\u015fti. \u00dcstelik Karadeniz yaln\u0131zca Rus sava\u015f gemileri i\u00e7in de\u011fil, Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f gemileri i\u00e7in de yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131 bitiren 1856 Paris Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 devleti o zamanki Avrupa Uyumu (Concert de Europe) denen Avrupa devletler sistemine dahil olmu\u015f idi. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 devletinin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131k Bat\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin garantisi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ancak bu s\u00f6zde garantilerin i\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in 1877-78 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 beklemek gerekiyordu. Zaten m\u00fcttefiklerden Fransa Paris’te bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131 konumunu belli etmi\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Candan Badem 1) Rusya geriye çekilmesinin bir sınırı olduğunu göstermiştir. SSCB’nin yıkılmasından sonra ilk kez Rusya ile eski SSCB cumhuriyetlerinden birinin düzenli orduları arasında savaş çıkmıştır. Bu savaşta Rus ordusu bazı hatalarına rağmen iyi savaşmıştır. 2) ABD ve Türkiye’nin Gürcü ordusunu eğitmiş olduğu ve Gürcistan ordusunun ciddiye alınır bir güce eriştiği görülmüştür. 3) Medvedev-Putin ikilisi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12451"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12453,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12451\/revisions\/12453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/b>
\nG\u00fcrcistan’a insani yard\u0131m bahanesiyle ABD sava\u015f gemilerinin Montr\u00f6 Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 da \u00e7i\u011fneyerek Bo\u011faz’dan Karadeniz’e ge\u00e7i\u015fi bana 150 k\u00fcsur y\u0131l \u00f6nceki K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. O zaman Osmanl\u0131 devleti Rusya ile yine bir sava\u015fa girmi\u015f, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa da Osmanl\u0131 devletiyle ittifak yaparak Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 devletinin o zamanki m\u00fcttefiklerinin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD’ninkiler aras\u0131nda epey paralellik bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc emperyalizmin \u00f6z\u00fcnde de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey yok. Nitekim 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda da sava\u015f halleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Bo\u011faz’lardan sava\u015f gemilerinin ge\u00e7i\u015fi yasakt\u0131, ancak o zaman da d\u00fcvel-i muazzama denilen emperyalist devletler i\u015flerine geldi\u011finde bu kural\u0131 deliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n