{"id":12460,"date":"2019-03-31T10:23:52","date_gmt":"2019-03-31T15:23:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=12460"},"modified":"2019-03-31T10:23:52","modified_gmt":"2019-03-31T15:23:52","slug":"rusyanin-baris-dekretinin-kafkas-cephesindeki-olaylara-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/rusyanin-baris-dekretinin-kafkas-cephesindeki-olaylara-etkisi\/","title":{"rendered":"RUSYA’NIN BARI\u015e DEKRET\u0130N\u0130N KAFKAS CEPHES\u0130’NDEK\u0130 OLAYLARA ETK\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Nurcan Yavuz<\/strong>
\n<\/span> <\/span> Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rma G\u00f6revlisi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dekre: Kararname (CC)
\n<\/span>
\nKas\u0131m 1917’de Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan Kerenski h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devrilmi\u015f (1), yerine Sovyet idaresi ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve bu ay i\u00e7inde de Rus ordusu da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sivil sava\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (2). Kafkas cephesindeki Rus askerleri ise, cepheyi b\u0131rakarak evlerine d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (3). Hatta ihtilalden sonra ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Kafkas i\u00e7in tayin etti\u011fi \u00f6zel komite dahi g\u00f6revi ba\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (4). \u0130htilalin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn Petrograd’da da Sovyetlerin II.Kongresi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ihtilalin ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc (8 Kas\u0131m 1917) bu kongre taraf\u0131ndan “sulh dekreti” kabul edilmi\u015fti (5). Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu dekrette Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi’nin gizli antla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (6). Hatta
\ndekrette harp halinde bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn devletlerin hi\u00e7bir toprak ilhak\u0131 ve tazminat talebinde bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f yapmalar\u0131, isteniyordu. Dekrette sadece bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Rusya’da ya\u015fayan milletlerin haklar\u0131ndan da bahsedilmi\u015fti. 15 Kas\u0131m 1917 tarihli bir beyannamede; Rusya’da ya\u015fayan milletlerin bundan b\u00f6yle kendi mukadderatlar\u0131m kendilerinin tayinde tamamen h\u00fcr olacaklar\u0131 ve isterlerse hatta Rusya’dan b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131labilecekleri de ilan edilmi\u015fti (7). Fakat Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu dekretler ve beyannamelere bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendisini \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131n\u0131n halefi oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 Ermeni meselesinde de kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. K\u0131saca \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131, Do\u011fu Anadolu’yu ele ge\u00e7irmek siyaseti ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, bilhassa Ermenilerin koruyucusu rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (7). Bunun i\u00e7inde Rus i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda bulunan Do\u011fu Anadolu vilayetlerine \u00e7ok miktarda Ermeni nakledilmi\u015f veya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Ermenilerin geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmelerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve buralar\u0131n harpten sonra bir Ermeni \u00fclkesi haline getirilmesi i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok tedbir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk halka bask\u0131 yapmak onlar\u0131 yerlerini ve yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 terke mecbur etmek, Ermenilerin \u00e7eteler olu\u015fturmak suretiyle T\u00fcrklerin imhas\u0131 yoluna gitmek gibi davran\u0131\u015flar vard\u0131. Lenin ve etraf\u0131ndakiler, bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin nas\u0131lsa, itilaf devletlerinin ma\u011flup olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131klar\u0131ndan, \u015fimdilik Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile kesin bir sulh imzalanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fini Rusya’n\u0131n menfaatine g\u00f6re tayini hususunda gerekli karar al\u0131nmas\u0131 hususunu gerekli bulmu\u015flard\u0131 (8).<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcr\u00fcp giderken, di\u011fer taraftan Ta\u015fnaks\u00fctyun Cemiyeti de Lenin’e ba\u015fvurarak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti b\u00fcnyesindeki Ermenilerin gelecekerine kendilerinin karar vermesi i\u00e7in arac\u0131l\u0131k yapmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015flerdi (9). Bunun yan\u0131nda ihtilalin ortaya koydu\u011fu prensiplere ayak uydurmak \u00fczere G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Ermeni ve Azerbaycanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda, sosyalizmle birlikte “milliyet\u00e7ilik”te alm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu hususta Ta\u015fnaks\u00fctyun Cemiyeti bilhassa faal \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Zaten Rusya ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131ndaki harp y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermeni milli hareketi, Rus makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi\u011finden, Ermeni milliyet\u00e7i te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fartlar ve imkanlar elveri\u015fli idi.<\/p>\n

Bu defa Sovyet liderleri “B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan” laf\u0131n\u0131 etmemi\u015flerse de Rus i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki “T\u00fcrk Ermenistan’\u0131” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri sahaya kitle halinde Ermenilerin yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n imha edilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn tedbirleri alm\u0131\u015flar ve gerekli haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 dahi yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (10).<\/p>\n

Fakat Ta\u015fnaks\u00fctyun Cemiyeti yine de teredd\u00fctl\u00fc idi. Cemiyet her \u015feyden \u00f6nce kendini Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ihtilalinde bu \u00e7abalara sekte vuraca\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ekiniyordu. Onlara g\u00f6re Rus-Kafkas cephesi \u00e7\u00f6kmekteydi (11). Fakat yine de Rusya’n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlardan memnundu. 9 May\u0131s 1917’de al\u0131nan bir kararla Rus i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki Do\u011fu Anadolu’nun sivil idaresine Ermenilerin atanmas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc (12).<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda al\u0131nan bu karar\u0131n alt\u0131nda acil bir siyasi tav\u0131r yat\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ihtilal ile birlikte ordu kendi kendini terhis etmi\u015f ve Rusya’n\u0131n i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru akmaya ba\u015flayan asker ak\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00f6netim, harpteki kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bek\u00e7ili\u011fini Ermenilere yapt\u0131rmay\u0131 planlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Ruslar, Do\u011fu Anadolu’yu Van, Erzurum, Bitlis, Trabzon vilayetlerine b\u00f6lerek, ba\u015flar\u0131na m\u00fclki amirler alm\u0131\u015f ve Rusya’dan gelen Ermenileri tayin etmi\u015flerdi (13).<\/p>\n

Ermeniler kendilerine verilen bu g\u00f6revin \u00fcstesinden gelebileceklerine inanmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ileride yap\u0131labilecek i\u015flemler hususunda tespitlerde bulunmak \u00fczere Tiflis’te iki y\u00fczden fazla delegenin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kongre toplam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (14), al\u0131nan karar \u015f\u00f6yleydi: “Kafkasya ve Do\u011fu Anadolu’yu da
\ni\u00e7ine alacak “B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan” kurulacakt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 kongrede, bu emelleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere faaliyette bulunacak yirmi be\u015f ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan bir “Ermeni Milli Meclisi” ve on be\u015f \u00fcyeli y\u00fcr\u00fctme kurulu mahiyetinde bir Ermeni Konseyi meydana getirilmi\u015fti (15). Al\u0131nan bu kararlardan sonra art\u0131k Do\u011fu Anadolu’nun kolonizasyonu ba\u015flayabilirdi.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin as\u0131l maksatlar\u0131, Ruslar\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmesi \u00fczerine vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtaracak olan T\u00fcrk ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koymakt\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in Ruslar\u0131n b\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 silah ve m\u00fchimmat\u0131 saklam\u0131\u015flar, Ruslardan y\u00fcksek maa\u015flarla top\u00e7u ve piyade subaylar\u0131 al\u0131koymu\u015flard\u0131. Ziraattan, ticaretten ve sanattan ba\u015fka \u015feylerle u\u011fra\u015fmayan Ermeniler Rus ordusunun askeri
\nyetene\u011finden subaylar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla faydalanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (16). Esasen Ermenilerin bu gibi olumsuz faaliyetlerine devam etmeleri Lenin’in izin vermesiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Fakat Lenin’in de Ermenileri koruma siyasetini hemen ele almas\u0131n\u0131n pek\u00e7ok sebebi vard\u0131. Bunlardan biri, Bol\u015fevik partisinin en n\u00fcfuzlu \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok Ermeni’nin bulunmas\u0131 idi. \u015eaumyan, Avanesov, Mikayan bunlar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f dekteri ile Rus i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk Ermenistan’\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k tan\u0131nmas\u0131, Rusya’n\u0131n menfaatine geliyordu. T\u00fcrk-Rus s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bir Ermenistan’\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, elbette Rusya menfaati bak\u0131m\u0131ndan l\u00fczumlu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Zira b\u00f6yle bir Ermenistan’\u0131n T\u00fcrk bask\u0131s\u0131 ve tehdidi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Rusya’ya ba\u011flanmas\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131 (17).<\/p>\n

Hatta Brest-Litovsk’da ba\u015flanan bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bu ama\u00e7la hareket eden Bol\u015fevik liderleri, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n kesin bir esasa ba\u011flanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Ermeni meselesini kendi istedikleri gibi halletmek yolunu takip etmi\u015fler ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ni bir olup bitti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0131rakmak istemi\u015flerdi. Bu maksatla Halk Komiserleri Sovnarkom 11 Ocak 1918’de T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131’na ait bir kararname yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Kararname \u015f\u00f6yleydi: “Rusya’n\u0131n i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda bulunan T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131’ndaki Ermenilerin kendi mukaddera\u00fcann\u0131, hatta tam bir istiklale var\u0131ncaya kadar, serbest\u00e7e tayin hususundaki haklar\u0131n Rusya, Amele ve K\u00f6yl\u00fc H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nin destekledi\u011fini, Halk Komiserleri Sovyeti Ermeni halk\u0131na ilan eder. Halk Komiserleri Sovyeti’ne g\u00f6re; bu haklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ancak Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n serbest\u00e7e referandum yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir tak\u0131m garantilerin \u00f6nceden olanmas\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r. Bu kabil garantilerin Halk Komiserleri Sovyeti’nce \u015f\u00f6yle olaca\u011f\u0131 fikrindedir.<\/p>\n

1) <\/b>Rus ordusunun T\u00fcrk Ermenistan’\u0131 sahas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131’ndaki ahalinin \u015fahsi mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn emniyetini korumak maksad\u0131yla hemen bir Ermeni halk milisinin te\u015fkili.
\n2) <\/b>Ermeni muhacirleri ve T\u00fcrk memleketlerde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Ermeni m\u00fcltecilerinin T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131 \u00fclkesine herhangi bir engelle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan geri d\u00f6nebilmeleri.
\n3) <\/b>Harp esnas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131nca T\u00fcrkiye’nin i\u00e7 eyaletlerine zorla g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olan Ermenilerin T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131’na serbest\u00e7e d\u00f6nmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131; T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131 ile bar\u0131\u015f m\u00fczakereleri akdedilirken Halk Komiserleri Sovyeti bu mesele \u00fczerinde \u0131srarla duracakt\u0131r.
\n4) <\/b>Ermeni Halk M\u00fcmessilleri \u015euras\u0131 ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131’nda ge\u00e7ici bir idarenin kurulmas\u0131. Kafkas \u0130\u015fleri Ge\u00e7ici Fevkalade Halk Komiseri Stepan \u015eaumyan, T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131 ahalisine 2. ve 3. maddelerin tatbiki ve T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131 sahas\u0131ndan Rus askerlerinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fini
\ntanzim edecek karma komisyonun te\u015fkili hususlannda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc m\u00fczaherette bulunmakla vazifelendirilmi\u015ftir. Ha\u015fiye: T\u00fcrk Ermenistan\u0131’n\u0131n co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlann\u0131 demokratik esaslara g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilen Ermeni Halk Murahhaslar\u0131 ile biti\u015fik ve m\u00fcnaka\u015fal\u0131 \u0130slam ve ba\u015fka eyaletlerin halk\u0131ndan demokratik esaslara g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilen murahhaslar\u0131n Kafkas \u0130\u015fleri Fevkalade Ge\u00e7ici Komiseri ile birlikte tayin ve tespit edilecektir (18).<\/p>\n

Lenin
\n<\/b>Halk Komiserleri Sovyet Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n

Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu kararnamesi, bat\u0131 Ermenilerine kendi devlet hayatlar\u0131m kurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in tam bir imkan sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Kafkas \u0130\u015fleri \u00dczerine Fevkalade Ge\u00e7ici Komiser \u015eaumyan, bu kararnamenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yard\u0131m\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesini temin etmekle g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u015eaumyan ayn\u0131 zamanda Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n demokratik yolla se\u00e7ilmi\u015f temsilcileri ile birlikte kom\u015fu veya kavgal\u0131 dairelerin temsilcileri ile anla\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye Ermenistan\u0131’n\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131, hem de askeri kuvvetlerin oradan \u00e7ekilmesi m\u00fcddetini ve usullerini tayin edecekti (19). Fakat cephede geli\u015fen olaylar Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu tedbirlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesine imkan vermemi\u015fti (20).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk ileri harekat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 gerek Ermeni gerekse Rus hayallerinin planlar\u0131n\u0131n sonu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

<\/span>D\u0130PNOTLAR:
\n1) <\/b>M.Hikmet Bayar, 3. Ordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarih\u00e7esi, Kas\u0131m, 1991, s.51.
\n2)<\/b> Alexandr Mahvelichvili, Histoire de Georgies, Paris 1951. 419.
\n3) <\/b>\u0130hsan Sakarya, Belgelerle Ermeni Sorunu, Ankara, 1984, s.266.
\n4) <\/b>H\u00fcsamettin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Rus-T\u00fcrk-Ermeni M\u00fcnasebetleri, (1914-1918),
\nAnkara. 1990, s. 104.
\n5) <\/b>Stefanos Yerasimos, T\u00fcrk Sovyet \u0130li\u015fkileri, Ekim Devriminden Milli M\u00fccadeleye,Is tanbul. 1979, s. 12, Tevfik B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131oalu. Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Do\u011fu Hudut Politikas\u0131, istanbul, 1958. s. 15.
\n6) <\/b>B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131o\u011flu, Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Do\u011fu Hudut Politikas\u0131, s. 16.s.385.
\n8) <\/b>Esat Uras, Tarihte Ermeniler ve Ermeni Meselesi, \u0130stanbul, 1987, s.335.
\n9) <\/b>Sakarya, Belgelerle Ermeni Sorunu, s.266.
\n10) <\/b>Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti her yerde \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile \u0130ran’\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren b\u00fct\u00fcn anla\u015fmalar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. \u0130lan de deniliyordu ki; “Biz Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve Ermenistan’\u0131n ondan kopar\u0131l\u0131p al\u0131nmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda anla\u015fman\u0131n par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve iptal edildi\u011fini bildiriyoruz.” Harp durdu\u011fu vakit hemen Ermenilere kendi siyasi gelece\u011fini \u00f6zg\u00fcrcesine tayin etmek hakk\u0131 verilecekti. (A.B. Kadi\u015fev, Interventsiya i Grajdonskaya Voyna v Zakafkazye, Moskova, 1960, s.43).
\n11)<\/b> Mim Kemal \u00d6ke, Ermeni Sorunu. 1914-1923, Ankara, 1991, s. 152.
\n12)<\/b> \u00d6ke, Ermeni Sorunu, s. 152.
\n13) <\/b>Ahmet Refik AlUnay, \u0130ki Komite \u0130ki K\u0131tal, \u0130stanbul, 1919, s.48.
\n14)<\/b> Uras, Tarihte Ermeniler ve Ermeni Meselesi, s.659.
\n15)<\/b> \u00d6ke, Ermeni Sorunu, s. 153.
\n16) <\/b>Alt\u0131nay, \u0130ki Komite, \u0130ki K\u0131tal, s.48.
\n17) <\/b>Hatta Aral\u0131k 1917’de Ermeni d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri ile ilgili bir komiserli\u011fin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 karar\u0131 dahi al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (Serge Afanasyan, L’azerbaidjan Et La Georgie de ‘I \u0130ndependance a’l \u0130nstauration du Pavvoir Sovietique (1917-1923). Paris, 1981, s.36).
\n18) <\/b>Kadi\u015fev, interventsiya i Grajdanskaya Voyna…, s.43, \u0130smet Parmaks\u0131zo\u011flu, Ermeni Komitelerinin \u0130htilal Hareketleri ve Besledikleri Emeller, Ankara, 1981, s.131-132.
\n19) <\/b>Kadi\u015fev, Interventsiya i Grajdonzkaya Voyna…, s.43.
\n20) <\/b>B\u0131y\u0131ko\u011flu, Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Do\u011fu Hudut Politikas\u0131, s. 16.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nurcan Yavuz Atatürk Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Araştırma Görevlisi Dekre: Kararname (CC) Kasım 1917’de Bolşevikler tarafından Kerenski hükümeti devrilmiş (1), yerine Sovyet idaresi geçmiş ve bu ay içinde de Rus ordusu dağılmış, sivil savaş başlamıştı (2). Kafkas cephesindeki Rus askerleri ise, cepheyi bırakarak evlerine dönmeye başlamışlardı (3). Hatta ihtilalden sonra geçici hükümetin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12460"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12460\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12462,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12460\/revisions\/12462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}