![](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image5\/0219-abhazya.GIF\")
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Mustafa \u00c7elik<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Kafkas Ge\u00e7ici Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmeti (Osmanl\u0131ca: Cenub-\u0131 Garbi Kafkas H\u00fck\u00fcmet-i Muvakkate-i Milliyesi) veya Kars Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n 17-18 Ocak 1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen B\u00fcy\u00fck Kars Kongresi’nin sonucunda kurulan ve 12 Nisan’da \u0130ngilizlerin Kars’\u0131 i\u015fgal etmeleriyle son bulan ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmet. Elviye-i Selase’nin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsamakta birlikte Kars (h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi), Batum, Ah\u0131ska, Ah\u0131lkelek, Artvin, Ardahan, Acara, Posof, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r, G\u00f6le, Oltu, Karakurt, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, Karap\u0131nar, Ka\u011f\u0131zman, Kulp, I\u011fd\u0131r, Serdarabat, Aral\u0131k, Nura\u015fen, Nahcivan, Culfa ve Orduabat gibi yerleri kapsamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiliz Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Amiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe taraf\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kurulu\u015fu<\/strong> I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda 30 Ekim 1918 tarihinde imzalanan Mondros M\u00fctarekesi, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ordusu birliklerinin G\u00fcney Kafkasya’dan \u00e7ekilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti bu h\u00fckme uyarak 4 Aral\u0131k 1918 tarihinde askerlerini 1877 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki Rusya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ayn\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki yere \u00e7ekecektir. Fakat Kars’tan askerlerini 2 ay sonra \u00e7ekme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu karar\u0131n nedeni halk\u0131n b\u00f6lgede bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurmas\u0131na zaman vermektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc askerlerin geri \u00e7ekilmesi ile Elviye-i Selase denen Kars, Batum ve Ardahan, Ermenistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti i\u015fgaline a\u00e7\u0131k bir hale gelecektir. Bunun \u00fczerine 29 Ekim 1918 tarihinde Ah\u0131ska ve Ah\u0131lkelek \u00e7evresinde Ah\u0131ska H\u00fck\u00fcmet-i Muvakkatas\u0131 (Ah\u0131ska Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fcmeti), 3 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihinde Emir Bey Ekberzade ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, merkezi I\u011fd\u0131r olmak \u00fczere Ara\u015f T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve 5 Kas\u0131m 1918’de Kepenk\u00e7i Emin A\u011fa ve Piro\u011flu Fahreddin Bey ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131nda merkezi Kars olmak \u00fczere Kars \u0130slam \u015e\u00fcras\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. 30 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihinde Kars’ta toplanan kongrede bu \u00fc\u00e7 h\u00fck\u00fcmet Kars Milli \u0130slam \u015e\u00fcras\u0131 Merkez-i Umumisi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Cihangirzade \u0130brahim Bey se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. 60 y\u00f6resel temsilcinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kongre ile Kars, Oltu, Ka\u011f\u0131zman, Igd\u0131r, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, Ardahan ile T\u00fcrklerin veya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ah\u0131lkelek, Ah\u0131ska ve Batum gibi \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan halk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir. 17 Ocak 1919 ve 18 Ocak 1919 tarihlerinde Dr. Esat Oktay Bey ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Kars’ta toplanan kongereye 131 temsilci kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kongrede Kars Milli \u0130slam \u015e\u00fcras\u0131’n\u0131n ad\u0131 Cen\u00fcb-i Garbi Kafkas H\u00fck\u00fcmet-i Muvakkata-i Milliyesi (G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Kafkasya Milli Ge\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fcmeti) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yine Cihangirzade \u0130brahim Bey se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bu ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmet, 18 maddeden olu\u015fan anayasas\u0131 ve ye\u015fil ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 zemin \u00fczerinde bulunan ay-y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 bayra\u011f\u0131 kabul edip; 12 \u00fcyeli bir bakanlar kurulu ve halk\u0131n oyu ile se\u00e7ilen 131 milletvekilli bir parlamento kurmu\u015ftur. 25 Mart 1919 tarihinde bu meclis Cen\u00fcb-i Garbi Kafkas H\u00fck\u00fcmet-i Cumhuriyesi ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kars’\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Artvin, Ardahan, Batum, G\u00fcmr\u00fc, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, Nahcivan, Ordubad ve I\u011fd\u0131r’\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00f6lgede bulunan \u0130ngilizler, yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6z yumdular. Ancak 13 Nisan 1919\u2019da Kars\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ederek h\u00fck\u00fcmetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verdiler. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin 12 \u00fcyesini tutuklayarak \u00f6nce Batum\u2019a, sonra da Malta\u2019ya s\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizlerin Ermenilere devretti\u011fi Kars, 1920 sonbahar\u0131nda Kaz\u0131m Karabekir komutas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk birliklerinin b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irmesine kadar bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Malta S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc<\/p>\n Malta’ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen isimler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>\n Mustafa Çelik Güneybatı Kafkas Geçici Milli Hükümeti (Osmanlıca: Cenub-ı Garbi Kafkas Hükümet-i Muvakkate-i Milliyesi) veya Kars Cumhuriyeti 17-18 Ocak 1919 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen Büyük Kars Kongresi’nin sonucunda kurulan ve 12 Nisan’da İngilizlerin Kars’ı işgal etmeleriyle son bulan geçici hükümet. Elviye-i Selase’nin tamamını kapsamakta birlikte Kars (hükümet merkezi), Batum, Ahıska, Ahılkelek, Artvin, Ardahan, Acara, Posof, Çıldır, 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\nYe\u015fil ile g\u00f6sterilen yer G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Kafkas Ge\u00e7ici Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/p>\n\n\n
\n Ba\u015fkent<\/td>\n Kars<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Resmi dili<\/td>\n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Dini<\/td>\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Y\u00f6netim
\nY\u00f6netim Ba\u015f\u0131<\/td>\nCumhuriyet
\nCihangirzade \u0130brahim Ayd\u0131n Bey<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n – Kurulu\u015f tarihi
\n– Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi<\/td>\n1918
\n1919<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n Para Birimi<\/td>\n Kuru\u015f, Lira<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n<\/strong>
\n9 Ekim 1918’de Ah\u0131ska H\u00fck\u00fcmet-i Muvakkatas\u0131, 3 Kas\u0131m’da Aras T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 5 Kas\u0131m’da Kars \u0130slam \u015euras\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. 15 Kas\u0131m’da Birinci Kars Kongresi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve sekiz ki\u015filik Muvakkat Heyeti se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. 30 Kas\u0131m’da \u0130kinci Kars Kongresi (Kars \u0130slam \u015euras\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Kongresi) d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve Milli \u015eura H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftur. Aras ve Ah\u0131ska’daki h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerini birer \u015fubesi sayarak Milli \u015eura H\u00fck\u00fcmetine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n \u00a0\u00a0Malta S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n <\/td>\n \u0130sim<\/td>\n S\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6nemi<\/td>\n S\u00fcrg\u00fcn
\nno.<\/td>\nR\u00fctbesi, g\u00f6revi, mazisi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 1<\/td>\n Cihangirzade Aziz Bey<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 19<\/td>\n Adalet Bakan\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2<\/td>\n Alibeyzade Mehmet Bey<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 16<\/td>\n Kars valisi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 3<\/td>\n Cihangirzade Hasan Han<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 18<\/td>\n Savunma Bakan\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 4<\/td>\n Cihangirzade \u0130brahim Bey<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 17<\/td>\n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5<\/td>\n Mehmeto\u011flu Muhlis Bey<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 27<\/td>\n PTT Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 6<\/td>\n Matvey Radjinski<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 25<\/td>\n Rus \u015eura \u00fcyesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 7<\/td>\n Musa Salah Bey<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 20<\/td>\n Polis M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 8<\/td>\n Pavlo Camusev<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 14<\/td>\n Rum \u015eura \u00dcyesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 9<\/td>\n Tevhid\u00fcddin Mamilo\u011flu<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 22<\/td>\n Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc (Orenburglu Kazak T\u00fcrk\u00fc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 10<\/td>\n Stefani Vafiades<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 26<\/td>\n Rum \u015eura \u00dcyesi, Sosyal Yard\u0131m Bakan\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 11<\/td>\n Yusufo\u011flu Yusuf Bey<\/td>\n 2 Haziran 1919<\/td>\n 27 21<\/td>\n \u015eura \u00dcyesi, G\u0131da Bakan\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"