{"id":12555,"date":"2019-03-31T14:20:28","date_gmt":"2019-03-31T19:20:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=12555"},"modified":"2019-03-31T14:20:28","modified_gmt":"2019-03-31T19:20:28","slug":"xix-yuzyilda-adige-rus-iliskileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/xix-yuzyilda-adige-rus-iliskileri\/","title":{"rendered":"XIX. Y\u00dcZYILDA AD\u0130GE \u2013 RUS \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Dr. PENE\u015eU Asker<\/strong>
\n<\/span> <\/span> Adige Mak Gazetesi
\n\u00c7eviri: A\u00c7UMIJ Hilmi <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nsano\u011flu i\u00e7in sava\u015f bir trajedidir. Fakat liderler aras\u0131nda bundan ders-ak\u0131l alan\u0131 az \u00e7\u0131kmakta. B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen son zamanlarda bir zamanlar\u0131n Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu‘<\/span>nda uluslar\u0131n tarihine y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015f\u0131mda adiliyetin gerekti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bunun bir kan\u0131t\u0131da son y\u0131llarda Kafkas sava\u015f\u0131nda can\u0131n\u0131 yitirenleri anma g\u00fcnlerinin betimleniyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tarih bilimi, Adigelerin Kafkas sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini korumak i\u00e7in yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Sava\u015f Kuzey-Bat\u0131 K<\/span>afkasya‘<\/span>n\u0131n en zor d\u00f6nemine denk gelmi\u015fti. Pek \u00e7ok \u015fey zaman\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletleri olan Osmanl\u0131 ve Rusya i<\/span>mparatorluklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki ile ilintiliydi. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra Adigelerin aras\u0131nda da ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerle olan ili\u015fkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar da vard\u0131. Baz\u0131 Adige boylar\u0131 Rusya ile daha ilintiliyken di\u011fer baz\u0131lar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’nin etkisindeydi. B\u00f6ylesi bir durum alt\u0131nda Adigeler \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini korumak zorundayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Kafkas sava\u015flar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Adigeler ile Rusya ili\u015fkileri ayn\u0131 de\u011fildi ve bunun Rusya‘<\/span>n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi politikas\u0131n\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli sebepleri vard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Rusya’n\u0131n politik elit \u00f6nderleri taraf\u0131ndan da ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131lan General Yermelov’un XIX. y<\/span>\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zalimane politiklar Adigelerin orduya daha sert kar\u015f\u0131 durmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu politikan\u0131n gev\u015femesi ard\u0131ndan Adige- Rus ili\u015fkileri daha d\u00fczenli hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat 1829 y\u0131l\u0131nda Edirne A<\/span>nt<\/span>la\u015fmas\u0131‘<\/span>n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 ard\u0131ndan \u00c7arl\u0131k Adige topraklar\u0131n\u0131 daha sert sava\u015flarla almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Adigeler bu yakla\u015f\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sert direni\u015f g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/p>\n

Adige-Rus ili\u015fkileri her zaman sava\u015f \u015feklindeydi diye g\u00f6stermek d<\/span>e do\u011fru de\u011fil. Bu ili\u015fkiler pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6nden, Rusya’n\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri ile de ilintiliydi.<\/p>\n

Rus-Adige ili\u015fkileri Kuzey Do\u011fu Kafkasya‘<\/span>da \u015eamil’in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalarla da pek \u00e7ok \u015fekilde ilintiliydi. Da\u011f\u0131stan ve \u00c7e\u00e7enistan imam\u0131 \u015eamil’in el\u00e7ileri o tarihlerde sava\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00c7erkesya‘<\/span>ya geliyor Adigelerin \u015eeriata uygun ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 sal\u0131k veriyorlard\u0131. Fakat Adigeler buna haz\u0131r de\u011fillerdi. B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u015eamil’in el\u00e7ilerinin Adigelerin birbirleri ile kenetlenmelerinde yararlar\u0131da dokundu.<\/p>\n

Rus-\u00c7erkes ili\u015fkileri \u00c7erkesya‘<\/span>n\u0131n sosyal-ekonomik geli\u015fmesi ile de ilintiliydi. Adigelerin aras\u0131nda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k olmas\u0131ylada alakal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu sosyal olaylardan en \u00e7ok p<\/span>\u015f\u0131lar ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7if\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda geli\u015fen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6nemi vard\u0131. Adigeler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n da zarar\u0131 gelmekteydi. T\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen XIX. y<\/span>\u00fczy\u0131lda Kuzeybat\u0131 K<\/span>afkasya‘<\/span>da ya\u015fayan Adigelerin Rusya‘<\/span>ya kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015flar\u0131 bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 mahiyetindeydi. Sava\u015flar bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck yer tutuyorlard\u0131. Sava\u015flara her s\u0131n\u0131ftan b\u00fct\u00fcn Adigeler i\u015ftirak ediyorlard\u0131. Adigeleri ayakland\u0131ranlar aras\u0131nda p<\/span>\u015f\u0131 ve v<\/span>orklar da vard\u0131. Onlar ulusun y\u00fcre\u011finde duydu\u011fu hisseti\u011fi \u015feyleri dile getiriyorlard\u0131. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi veren insanlara M\u00fcsl\u00fcman din adamlar\u0131da kat\u0131l\u0131yordu. B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00c7erkesya‘<\/span>n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131nda ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flam olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ata\u011fa ge\u00e7emiyordu. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zorlu\u011fa, XIX. y<\/span>\u00fczy\u0131l Adige tarihinin bu girift yap\u0131sana ra\u011fmen \u00c7erkesler aras\u0131nda politik birli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na do\u011fru gidi\u015f vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Adigelerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 ile \u015eamil‘<\/span>in liderli\u011finde da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi harakat aras\u0131nda ilinti vard\u0131. Yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Bat\u0131 K<\/span>afkasya‘<\/span>da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen sava\u015flar pek \u00e7ok \u015feyle alakal\u0131yd\u0131, \u0130ngiltere ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu‘<\/span>nun Kafkasya politikalar\u0131 da bunlardan birisiydi. \u0130ngiltere y\u00f6neticilerinin ticari olarak \u00c7erkesya‘<\/span>n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 yan\u0131s\u0131ra Rusya‘<\/span>n\u0131n Kafkasya‘<\/span>ya girmesine Adigelerin engel olmas\u0131n\u0131da faydal\u0131 buluyorlard\u0131. Rusya Adige topraklar\u0131na gelen \u0130ngiliz g\u00f6revlilerin casus olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Ama Adigelerin \u0130ngilizlerden fayda sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da belirtiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Adigelerin birli\u011finde Muhammed Emin‘<\/span>in yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r. O’nun bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya‘<\/span>ya geldi\u011fi d\u00f6nem Adigelerin politik bilin\u00e7lerinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamana denk gelir. Muhammed Emin’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Adigelerin daha birlik i\u00e7erisinde olmas\u0131na vesile oldu.<\/p>\n

Kafkas sava\u015flar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Rus-Adige ili\u015fkileri de\u011ferlendirilirken daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olarak olaylara yakla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Rusya farkl\u0131 zamanlarda politikas\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klarda g\u00f6sterdi. Bunun ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015fey ise Rusya y\u00f6neticilerinin Kafkasya‘<\/span>y\u0131 bilmemeleri Adigeleri tan\u0131mamalar\u0131 ile de ili\u015fkilidir. Burada belirtmeliyiz ki; 1837-1839 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Hangeri’nin Kuzey Kafkasya‘<\/span>ya gelmesininde \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r. I. Nikolay’\u0131n K<\/span>afkasya‘<\/span>ya gelmesi i\u00e7in gereken haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sa\u011flayan da O’dur.<\/p>\n

Hangeri’nin Askeri Bakanl\u0131k ad\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezkerede resmi olarak Peterspug ile Hangeri’nin Rus-Adige ili\u015fkilerine yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirinden \u00e7ok ayr\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Hangeri’nin s\u00f6zlerinden Rus-Adige ili\u015fkilerinin nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya’da ak\u0131l \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde politikalar\u0131n tart\u0131larak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de XIX. y<\/span>\u00fczy\u0131l Adige-Rus ili\u015fkileri tarihinin \u00f6\u011frenilmesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. PENEŞU Asker Adige Mak Gazetesi Çeviri: AÇUMIJ Hilmi İnsanoğlu için savaş bir trajedidir. Fakat liderler arasında bundan ders-akıl alanı az çıkmakta. Böyle olmasına rağmen son zamanlarda bir zamanların Rusya İmparatorluğu‘nda ulusların tarihine yönelik yaklaşımda adiliyetin gerektiği anlaşılmaya başlandı. Bunun bir kanıtıda son yıllarda Kafkas savaşında canını yitirenleri anma günlerinin betimleniyor olmasıdır. Günümüzde tarih bilimi, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12555"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12557,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12555\/revisions\/12557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}