{"id":13024,"date":"2019-04-01T11:08:27","date_gmt":"2019-04-01T16:08:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=13024"},"modified":"2019-04-01T11:08:27","modified_gmt":"2019-04-01T16:08:27","slug":"gurcistanda-guney-osetya-sorununun-etkileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/gurcistanda-guney-osetya-sorununun-etkileri\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00dcRC\u0130STAN\u2019DA G\u00dcNEY OSETYA SORUNUNUN ETK\u0130LER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Kamer Kas\u0131m<\/b><\/p>\n

Kafkasya \u00f6zellikle 1990\u2019lardan itibaren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve istikrars\u0131zl\u0131kla birlikte g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir. Karaba\u011f, Abhazya ve Osetya sorunlar\u0131 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan \u00fclkeleri zor durumda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Azerbaycan ve G\u00fcrcistan devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini koruma sorunuyla da u\u011fra\u015fmak durumunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cYak\u0131n \u00c7evre\u201d politikas\u0131yla birlikte eski Sovyet co\u011frafyas\u0131nda etkili olmaya y\u00f6nelmesi ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 yap\u0131lara destek vermesi b\u00f6lgesel i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 pazarlara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 projelerinin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini geciktirmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sorunu ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n izledi\u011fi politika bu \u00fclkeyi Bat\u0131\u2019ya y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn G\u00fcrcistan T\u00fcrkiye ve ABD ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc askeri ili\u015fkileri olan, enerji ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma projelerinde Bat\u0131yla birlikte hareket eden ve NATO\u2019ya \u00fcye olmak isteyen bir \u00fclkedir.<\/p>\n

Rusya G\u00fcrcistan Bat\u0131\u2019ya y\u00f6neldik\u00e7e bu \u00fclkeyi par\u00e7alamaya y\u00f6nelik politikalar\u0131na h\u0131z vermektedir. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmak isteyen b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayanlara Rusya pasaportu verilmekte ve Rusya bu b\u00f6lgelere silah deste\u011fi sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcrcistan, G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019daki Rus varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n bir daha G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesini engelleyecek bir unsur olarak g\u00f6rmektedir ve mevcut durumun devam\u0131n\u0131 sak\u0131ncal\u0131 bularak G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik askeri operasyona giri\u015fmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019daki yap\u0131 Rusya\u2019dan yard\u0131m beklerken, G\u00fcrcistan Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Saka\u015fvili\u2019de ABD\u2019nin G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a yard\u0131m etmesinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. G\u00fcney Osetya krizinin geldi\u011fi noktada Rusya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019ya destek vermeyip geri \u00e7ekilmesi bu b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcc\u00fcn prestijini sarsacakt\u0131r. Yine ABD\u2019nin G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a yeterli destek verememesi de Kafkasya\u2019daki prestijini etkileyece\u011fi gibi di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerdeki m\u00fcttefiklerinde de bir kriz durumunda ABD deste\u011fi konusunda soru i\u015faretlerine neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra olu\u015fan atmosferde ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele konsepti i\u00e7inde b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen ABD G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n daha ciddi bir krize s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmemesi konusunda da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Nitekim Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cevaheti b\u00f6lgesinde Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f benzeri bir ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi konu\u015fuluyorken, 11 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131 ABD\u2019nin G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkeye deste\u011fi bunu engellemi\u015ftir. Abhazya ve G\u00fcney Osetya sorunlar\u0131 ise devam etmektedir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda izledi\u011fi G\u00fcney Osetya politikas\u0131 \u00e7ok risklidir. Rusya bir federasyondur ve i\u00e7erisinde benzeri yap\u0131lar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim G\u00fcney Osetya G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131nda yer al\u0131rken, Kuzey Osetya Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7erisindedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019daki hareketin kuzeyle birle\u015fip Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7erisinde kalmay\u0131 istemesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi ileride Kuzey Osetya ile birle\u015fip ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmay\u0131 istemesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve b\u00f6yle bir durum Rusya\u2019n\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tehdit edecektir. T\u00fcrkiye G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmaktad\u0131r. Soruna bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yoldan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nad\u0131r. Bak\u00fc-Tiflis-Ceyhan petrol boru hatt\u0131 faaliyettedir. Ayr\u0131ca Bak\u00fc-Tiflis-Kars demiryolu projesinin temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcrcistan stratejik bak\u0131mdan b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in m\u00fcttefik konumundad\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir sava\u015fa girmesi T\u00fcrkiye-Rusya ve ABD-Rusya ili\u015fkilerini de etkileyecek boyutlara ula\u015fabilir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n avantaj\u0131 b\u00f6lgede olmas\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019daki askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 ile geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikaya ters d\u00fc\u015fecek ad\u0131mlar\u0131 G\u00fcney Osetya krizinde atmas\u0131 da d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f olarak alg\u0131lanabilecektir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 bombalamas\u0131 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131nda Bat\u0131 ile Rusya aras\u0131nda yeni bir gerginlik s\u00fcrecinin i\u015faretlerini vermektedir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lgedeki durumun ne kadar hassas oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Osetya sorununa \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7ok fazla yay\u0131lmadan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 toplum hemen harekete ge\u00e7melidir. G\u00fcrcistan ile ilgili konular topluca ele al\u0131n\u0131p bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Rusya Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131 ve bunun baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra d\u00fcnyadaki benzer sorunlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu co\u011frafyalarda da bunun etkileri olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015fti. ABD ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri olan G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 isteyen G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019ya destek vermesi ve bunun bir sava\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6ze alacak noktaya kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi Kosova\u2019n\u0131n r\u00f6van\u015f\u0131n\u0131 almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Rusya burada So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi politikalar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nmekle, Bat\u0131yla yak\u0131nla\u015fma politikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir tercih yapma durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Da\u011f\u0131lan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi co\u011frafyas\u0131nda kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flama ve Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu canland\u0131rma politikalar\u0131 ABD ve Avrupa\u2019da da endi\u015feye neden olacakt\u0131r. Rusya G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131 zor durumda b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in G\u00fcney Osetya\u2019y\u0131 kullanma politikas\u0131 izlemeseydi sorun bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yoldan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilirdi. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Karaba\u011f sorunundaki politikas\u0131 ve burada Ermenistan\u2019a verdi\u011fi destek sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekte Rusya deste\u011fi olmasa Ermeni kuvvetlerin sadece Karaba\u011f de\u011fil onu \u00e7evreleyen Azerbaycan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren bir i\u015fgali ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi \u00e7ok zor olurdu.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yay\u0131lmac\u0131 bir \u00e7izgi izlememi\u015ftir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ise bu noktada bir kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan \u00fclkelerin bu yeni durumlar\u0131n\u0131 kabulde zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye ve Rusya gibi iki b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcc\u00fcn b\u00f6lgesel sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in bir araya gelmesi halinde G\u00fcney Osetya tarz\u0131 sorunlara daha kolay \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu bulunabilir. Ancak bunun i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin baz\u0131 temel prensipler \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n mevcut politikas\u0131nda \u0131srar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel sorunlarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Doç. Dr. Kamer Kasım Kafkasya özellikle 1990’lardan itibaren çatışma ve istikrarsızlıkla birlikte gündeme gelmektedir. Karabağ, Abhazya ve Osetya sorunları Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra bağımsızlığını kazanan ülkeleri zor durumda bırakmıştır. Azerbaycan ve Gürcistan devlet yapılanması aşamasında toprak bütünlüklerini koruma sorunuyla da uğraşmak durumunda kalmışlardır. Rusya’nın “Yakın Çevre” politikasıyla birlikte eski Sovyet coğrafyasında etkili olmaya yönelmesi ve 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