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\u00d6. Yismeyl <\/span><\/strong> Kuzey Kafkasya’n\u0131n otokton halk gruplar\u0131ndan olan Abazalar (1) bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi’nde ya\u015fayan bir \u00c7erkes boyudur. Yerle\u015fme b\u00f6lgeleri Kafkasya da\u011f silsilelerinden do\u011fan Kubina (Kuban),\u00a0 Yinjigduu (B\u00fcy\u00fck Yinjig), Yinjig\u00e7\u0131ku\u0131n (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Yinjig) ve Gum (Kuma) \u0131rmaklar\u0131 vadileridir. Bu b\u00f6lgede Abaza n\u00fcfusu 30 bin civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. (2) Yerle\u015fme merkezleri Ps\u0131j (eski ad\u0131yla Dar\u0131kuak\u0131t), Karapagua, Albur\u011fan (Biy-bark\u0131t), Yinjig\u00e7\u0131ku\u0131n (Y\u0131njiglovvk\u0131t), Abazak\u0131t, Abaza-hable, Tapanta, Malo-Abazinska, Novo-Kuvinsk (Huj\u00e7\u0131kum), Staro-Kuvinsk (Huj\u00a0 Duu), PseWuk’edaXa (K\u0131l\u0131\u015fk\u0131t), Apsua (\u00c7agarya), Krasniy-Vostok (Gumlowk\u0131t), Kuvaydan k\u00f6yleri ile \u00c7erkessk ve Kara\u00e7ayevsk kentleridir.<\/p>\n Bu yerle\u015fme merkezlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kara\u00e7ay, Nogay, Rus ve Kabardey k\u00f6ylerinde de Abaza gruplar\u0131na rastlan\u0131r. Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk B\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda az da olsa Kabardey, L\u0131\u011fey ve Krasnodar-Kray b\u00f6lgelerinde de Abazalar vard\u0131r. (3)<\/p>\n <\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7ten sonra anayurttan ayr\u0131lan Abaza gruplar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye, M\u0131s\u0131r, Suriye, \u00dcrd\u00fcn’e yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fayan Abazalar Uzunyayla b\u00f6lgesinde (d\u00f6rt k\u00f6y P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131’na, \u00dc\u00e7 k\u00f6y de \u015eark\u0131\u015fla’ya ba\u011fl\u0131), Sivas’\u0131n Y\u0131ld\u0131zeli ve merkez il\u00e7eye ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6ylerinde, Artova, Tokat, Havza, Samsun y\u00f6relerinde bulunan k\u00f6ylerde, Tufanbeyli, Yozgat, Sorgun ve Eski\u015fehir k\u00f6ylerinde oturmaktad\u0131r. Ankara, \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Kayseri, Sivas, Eski\u015fehir, Adana, Mersin gibi kentlere yerle\u015fen Abaza aileleri de vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’deki Abaza n\u00fcfusu 10 bin civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Suriye, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, M\u0131s\u0131r’da ya\u015fayanlar hakk\u0131nda kesin rakam ve bilgiler hen\u00fcz yoktur.<\/p>\n Abaza halk\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ne yerle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lge hakk\u0131nda bilgiler vard\u0131r. Abaza halk\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerine (Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi) Geldikleri b\u00f6lgenin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lge, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Abhazya’n\u0131n kuzeyinden ba\u015flayan ve Krasnodar-Kray’a kadar uzanan Adler, Lazarev, Tuapse’yi de i\u00e7ine alan kesimdi. Bu b\u00f6lgede bug\u00fcne de\u011fin ya\u015fayan Matesta (M\u0131tsa\u015fta-Ate\u015f yolu), Stansiya Loo (Lovvlar\u0131n yeri) v.b. yer isimleri sav\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci bir kan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131z. Abazaca ile Apsuwa (Abhaz) dili aras\u0131ndaki benzerliktir.<\/p>\n O \u00e7a\u011flarda Apsuwa (Abhaz) ve Abaza (Abazin) halklar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelen, tek bir halk grubu olduklar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6\u00e7 ba\u015flay\u0131nca di\u011fer \u00c7erkes gruplar\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nceki \u00e7a\u011flarda bile Abazaca ile di\u011fer \u00c7erkes dilleri aras\u0131nda benzerlik ve akrabal\u0131k vard\u0131. Hatta karakter, davran\u0131\u015f, ya\u015fam olarak iki halk grubu benze\u015firdi. Her iki halk grubunun (Abaza-Adige) konu\u015ftu\u011fu dillerin ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten olu\u015fu benzeyi\u015f ve kayna\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmekteydi.<\/p>\n Abaza halk\u0131, di\u011fer \u00c7erkes boylar\u0131 (Kabardey, Shapsugh, Abzegh, Bjedugh v.b.) i\u00e7ine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p yerle\u015fince bu yak\u0131nl\u0131k daha da artt\u0131. Abaza (A\u015f\u0131wa, A\u015fkar\u0131wa) ve Adige dilleri birbirinden s\u00f6zc\u00fckler, deyimler alarak, birbirlerini zenginle\u015ftirerek \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Adigelerin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131, gelenekleri, giyimi, s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyatlar\u0131, k\u0131saca folkloru Abazalar\u0131nki ile ayr\u0131lmayacak bi\u00e7imde kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6zellikle folklorik de\u011ferleri tek bir birlik i\u00e7inde erimi\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn bile bu iki halk grubu, birbirine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Hatta Uzunyayla k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015fayan her Abaza’n\u0131n bir Adige ailesiyle kan ba\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar o denli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011flard\u0131r ki, birbiriyle o denli kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ki Uzunyaylal\u0131 bir \u00c7erkes; Abaza olsun, Kabardey, Abzegh veya Hatukuay olsun ”Adige”<\/strong>yi kendine genel ad olarak se\u00e7mi\u015f ve \u00c7erkes s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak benimsemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Adige ve Abaza halklar\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llardan bu yana bir arada, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e, iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fcnleri, ac\u0131lar\u0131, sevin\u00e7leri birlik\u00adte kar\u015f\u0131lamakta, birlikte a\u011flay\u0131p birlikte g\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi folklorun her iki grup i\u00e7in de benze\u015fmesi s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat birli\u011fini do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Ancak, t\u00fcm benzerliklere kar\u015f\u0131n, ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara inilerek yap\u0131lacak bir incelemeden her iki halk\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyatlar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6rme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Abaza masal ve destanlar\u0131nda, Adige destanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha kat\u0131, yal\u0131n bir ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Abaza s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat\u0131nda epik (4) \u00f6zellik a\u011f\u0131r basar. \u00d6rne\u011fin; \u00abK\u0131na Minat Yipha L\u0131 Wored – K\u0131na Minat\u2019\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc\u00bb \u00abM\u0131j\u0131k Yi Wored-M\u0131j\u0131k’m T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc\u00bb, Abaza Nart Destanlar\u0131 (5), (6), atas\u00f6zleri ve bilmecelerde bu kat\u0131 realizm a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bellidir.<\/p>\n Adige s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat\u0131nda bir Huaho (7), bir retorik sanat\u0131 zorlamas\u0131 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. \u00d6zellikle Kabardey halk destanlar\u0131nda duygusal y\u00f6n, s\u00fcsl\u00fc ve bi\u00e7imsel anlat\u0131mlar dikkatti \u00e7eker. Abaza s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyata ge\u00e7i\u015fte \u00fcretilen yap\u0131tlarda da kendini belli eder. Bu \u00f6zellik Abaza edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imsel do\u011fu\u015funda b\u00fcy\u00fck anlam ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Yam\u00e7\u0131 dergisinin 3. say\u0131s\u0131nda biyografisini verdi\u011fimiz Tobil Talustan’\u0131n ilk yap\u0131tlar\u0131 olan ”Zuli”, ”Zarilya” da yal\u0131n, s\u00fcss\u00fcz ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir anlat\u0131m vard\u0131r. Talustan’\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 sayabilece\u011fimiz \u00fcnl\u00fc Kabardey ozan\u0131 \u015eocentsuk Ali ise, yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, konuyu s\u00fcsl\u00fc ve g\u00fczel bir anlat\u0131mla dantel gibi i\u015fler. Bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fi Kabardey edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n klasik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden ”Kambotre Latsere” adl\u0131 poem-roman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00fcss\u00fcz ve realist anlat\u0131m \u015fekli Talustan’dan sonra gelen Abaza yazar ve ozanlar\u0131nda da kendini g\u00f6sterir. Tobil \u0130smail, ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7im ve gelene\u011fi ”Azamat”, ”Da\u011flar\u0131n Karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131”, ”Da\u011flardaki \u015eafak”,\u00a0”Da\u011flardaki Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k” adl\u0131 romanlar\u0131nda da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n J\u0131r Hamid ve Tseykua Basarbiy ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde edebiyat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri vermi\u015flerdir. Ancak, J\u0131r Hamid bu bi\u00e7im ve \u00f6ze ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmakla birlikte, Adige hikayelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi Abaza hikaye ve romanlar\u0131n\u0131n da s\u00fcsl\u00fc bir anlat\u0131mla yaz\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelmenin m\u00fcjdecisi olmu\u015ftur. Bu konuda belki de J\u0131r Hamid’in Kabardey edebiyat dilini \u00e7ok iyi kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n etkileri de vard\u0131r. Daha sonralar\u0131 C\u0131gotan Khali, Thayts\u0131ux Bem\u0131rza, Ag\u0131rba Cemaleddin, Brat Ku\u00e7uk, Tanbi Ali, La\u011fu\u00e7 Cemaleddin, \u00c7\u0131ku\u0131t’u Mikael, Tlab\u0131\u00e7a Mira, Da\u011fu\u0131jey Muhaddin, \u015ehay Katya, A\u011fe\u00e7 Muhammed, Meremkhu\u0131l Alim\u0131rza, P\u015f\u0131maxua Abubekir, \u015earmat Maharbi ve \u015fu s\u0131rada adlar\u0131n\u0131 sayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sanat\u00e7\u0131lar Abaza dilini i\u015fleyerek say\u0131s\u0131z \u015fiir, tiyatro, roman, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve benzeri edebiyat yap\u0131tlar\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. Abaza dili giderek daha \u00e7ok i\u015flenen, zenginle\u015fen bir edebiyat dili olma yolundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n S\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc T\u0131\u011fu Vladimir, Adz\u0131nba Nazir, Tobil-Melbaho Nuriye, K\u0131l\u0131\u015f Rauf, Ekba Nazir, Meremkul Vladimir gibi gramer, s\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve derlemeler yapan yazarlar\u0131n da bulundu\u011funu belirterek ba\u011flayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n __________________<\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> Abaza deyimi, Yaln\u0131z (A\u015f\u0131wa) halk\u0131, yani Abazinler i\u00e7in kul\u00adlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0 Abhazya Abazalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ise Abhaz (Apsuwa) de\u00adyimi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ö. Yismeyl Yamçı Dergisi, Mayıs 1977-Şubat 1978, s.76 Kuzey Kafkasya’nın otokton halk gruplarından olan Abazalar (1) bugünkü Karaçay-Çerkessk Özerk Bölgesi’nde yaşayan bir Çerkes boyudur. Yerleşme bölgeleri Kafkasya dağ silsilelerinden doğan Kubina (Kuban), Yinjigduu (Büyük Yinjig), Yinjigçıkuın (Küçük Yinjig) ve Gum (Kuma) ırmakları vadileridir. Bu bölgede Abaza nüfusu 30 bin civarındadır. (2) Yerleşme merkezleri Psıj (eski 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\nYam\u00e7\u0131 Dergisi, May\u0131s 1977-\u015eubat 1978, s.76<\/span><\/p>\n
\n8-9. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak 14. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar ge\u00e7en zaman i\u00e7inde Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan peyderpey koparak Kuzey Kafkasya’ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n2)<\/strong> T\u0131\u011fu Vladimir, Abaza-Wur\u0131s, Ajuar, \u0130zdatelstvo Ensiklopedia Sovetskaya Moskva 1967.
\n3)<\/strong> Abaza Literatura A\u015fakug\u0131lara, \u00c7erkessk 1966.
\n4)<\/strong> Epik: Destan tarz\u0131 g\u00f6steren edebi eser.
\n5)<\/strong> T\u0131\u011fu Vladimir, a.g.e.
\n6)<\/strong> Meremkul Vladimir, Abazinskiy Narodny Epos Nart\u0131, 1975 \u00c7erkessk.
\n7)<\/strong> Kabardeyce de g\u00fczel konu\u015fma sanat\u0131 (retorik) \u00f6zellikle d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve \u015f\u00f6lenlerde yap\u0131lan konu\u015fmalar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"