{"id":14043,"date":"2019-06-02T20:14:33","date_gmt":"2019-06-03T01:14:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=14043"},"modified":"2019-06-02T20:14:33","modified_gmt":"2019-06-03T01:14:33","slug":"entegrasyon-asimilasyon-izolasyon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/entegrasyon-asimilasyon-izolasyon\/","title":{"rendered":"ENTEGRASYON, AS\u0130M\u0130LASYON, \u0130ZOLASYON"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14044\" src=\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Entegrasyon-Asimilasyon-Izolasyon-b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"541\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Entegrasyon-Asimilasyon-Izolasyon-b.jpg 541w, https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Entegrasyon-Asimilasyon-Izolasyon-b-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"en-us\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u0130sa Kuyucuo\u011flu<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"en-us\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">haber.dk<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d ve \u201c\u00e7o\u011funluk\u201d kategorileri, entegrasyon ve asimilasyon olgular\u0131yla ili\u015fkisi olan sosyolojik kavramlard\u0131r. \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d sosyolojik olarak bir toplumdaki etnik k\u00f6ken, din ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr y\u00f6n\u00fcyle say\u0131ca az olan topluluk (ekalliyet), \u201c\u00e7o\u011funluk\u201d ise \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturan (ekseriyet) demektir.<br \/>\n\u201c\u00c7o\u011funluk\u201d ve \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin tan\u0131m\u0131 olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131d\u0131r. Herhangi bir toplumdaki \u00e7o\u011funluk genellikle toplumun ve ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn merkezinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, az\u0131nl\u0131k bu unsurlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d, zorunlu olarak say\u0131 azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de\u011fil, imkan ve g\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa g\u00f6re daha az oranda hak sahibi olmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Az\u0131nl\u0131k ve \u00e7o\u011funluk gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin \u201centegrasyon\u201d ve \u201casimilasyon\u201d bi\u00e7imlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sosyolojik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<br \/>\nB\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme ve uyum anlam\u0131na gelen entegrasyon, az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk toplumu ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ferek uyum i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. Burada \u00e7o\u011funluk toplumu, az\u0131nl\u0131k toplumunun mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fit bireyler olarak kabul ederek onlar\u0131n toplumla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesini ister. Entegrasyonda \u00e7o\u011funluk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferlerine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterirken, az\u0131nl\u0131k kendi de\u011ferlerini koruyarak toplumla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>Demokratik toplumlar genellikle, \u00fclkede ge\u00e7erli olan yasalara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterip, az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131n\u0131n topluma entegre olmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kendilerini toplumun e\u015fit ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireyleri olarak g\u00f6ren az\u0131nl\u0131k ise sahip oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleri ve kimli\u011fini koruyarak topluma uyum sa\u011flar. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir entegrasyon az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u011fitim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve i\u015f ve siyaset alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funluk toplumunun bireyleri ile e\u015fit haklara sahip olmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir.<br \/>\nEntegrasyonun kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 asimilasyondur. Az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerini, kimliklerini bask\u0131n doku ve yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde eriterek yok etme bi\u00e7iminde uygulanan asimilasyon, \u00f6zellikle antidemokratik ve totaliter rejimlerin ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Asimilasyonun daha \u015fiddetli bir bi\u00e7imi olan kontrol, bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet ise tarihte demokratik hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu totaliter devletler taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan bir siyasettir.<\/p>\n<p>Asimilasyoncu siyasetin hem \u00e7o\u011funluk hem de az\u0131nl\u0131k toplumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Asimilasyoncu politikalara kar\u015f\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131k, ya i\u00e7ine kapanarak, yada kendi de\u011ferlerine daha fazla \u00f6nem vererek tepki g\u00f6sterir. Az\u0131nl\u0131k \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc asimilasyonist politikaya kar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7ine kapanarak d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya kapal\u0131 bir toplum haline gelmesi haline izolasyon denir. Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan asimilasyoncu uygulamalar, az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla ileti\u015fim kurmadan, kendi halinde \u201cghetholarda\u201d ya\u015famas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n<p>Entegrasyon ve asimilasyon kavramlar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki bu genel giri\u015ften sonra Danimarka\u2019da konu hakk\u0131ndaki s\u00f6ylem ve uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00f6relim.<br \/>\nDi\u011fer Avrupa \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6re Danimarka tarihte \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc deneyimi olmayan homojen bir yap\u0131ya sahipti. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda T\u00fcrkiye, Pakistan ve Fas (Marokko) gibi m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerden \u201cmisafir i\u015f\u00e7ilerin\u201d ve 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra \u0130ran, Irak Bosna Hersek ve Somalya\u2019dan \u201cm\u00fcltecilerin\u201d gelmesinden sonra Danimarka \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bir toplum haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck istisnalar hari\u00e7 tutulursa asl\u0131nda kendi istekleriyle Danimarka\u2019da ya\u015famaya karar vermi\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131 entegre olmaya kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Fakat \u00e7o\u011funluk grubunun yabanc\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ileri, toplumda ya\u015fanan b\u00fct\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131n yegane sebebi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015flamalar\u0131 nedeniyle bu grup mensuplar\u0131 kapal\u0131 bir toplum haline gelmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan beri Danimarka\u2019da b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin icraatlar\u0131nda \u201centegrasyon\u201d konusu s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Entegrasyon kelimesinin etimolojik anlam\u0131 ve sosyolojik i\u00e7eri\u011fine ra\u011fmen, bu konudaki uygulamalar maalesef asimilasyon \u015feklinde olmu\u015ftur.\u00d6zellikle 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bir toplum haline gelmesinden sonra az\u0131nl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylem ve uygulamalarda kademeli bir sertle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Bunu en son ve en tipik \u00f6rne\u011fini yeni entegrasyon bakan\u0131 S\u00f6ren Pind vermi\u015ftir. Pind, bakan oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada kendisinin entegrasyona kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n asimile olmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fini resmen ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda yeni bakan\u0131n\u0131n bu iste\u011fi \u015fimdiye kadar entegrasyon ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki uygulamalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte asimilasyon oldu\u011funun resmi g\u00f6stergesi olmu\u015ftur. Bakan Pind asl\u0131nda sa\u011f ve sol kanattaki bir \u00e7ok siyaset\u00e7inin \u015fimdiye kadar s\u00f6ylemek isteyip de s\u00f6ylemekten \u00e7ekindi\u011fi \u201centegrasyon\u201d yerine \u201casimilasyon\u201d istendi\u011fini ilan etmi\u015ftir. Konuya bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakacak olursak, asl\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle say\u0131n bakan\u0131 kutlamam\u0131z gerekir!<br \/>\nBakan\u0131n bu tutumu 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan parlamento se\u00e7imlerinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetten memnun olmayan kitlelerin oyunu almak amac\u0131 ile bilin\u00e7li olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f pop\u00fclist bir yakla\u015f\u0131m<span lang=\"en-us\">\u00a0<\/span>m\u0131d\u0131r, yoksa uluslar aras\u0131 bir \u00e7ok s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ra\u011fmen, bakan ger\u00e7ekten asimilasyonumu istemektedir?<\/p>\n<p>Bunu nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini zamanla hep birlikte g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#304;sa Kuyucuo&#287;lu haber.dk &ldquo;Az&#305;nl&#305;k&rdquo; ve &ldquo;&ccedil;o&#287;unluk&rdquo; kategorileri, entegrasyon ve asimilasyon olgular&#305;yla ili&#351;kisi olan sosyolojik kavramlard&#305;r. &ldquo;Az&#305;nl&#305;k&rdquo; sosyolojik olarak bir toplumdaki etnik k&ouml;ken, din ve k&uuml;lt&uuml;r y&ouml;n&uuml;yle say&#305;ca az olan topluluk (ekalliyet), &ldquo;&ccedil;o&#287;unluk&rdquo; ise &ccedil;o&#287;unlu&#287;u olu&#351;turan (ekseriyet) demektir. &ldquo;&Ccedil;o&#287;unluk&rdquo; ve &ldquo;az&#305;nl&#305;k&rdquo; gruplar&#305; aras&#305;ndaki ili&#351;kinin tan&#305;m&#305; olduk&ccedil;a kapsaml&#305;d&#305;r. Herhangi bir toplumdaki &ccedil;o&#287;unluk genellikle toplumun ve ta&#351;&#305;y&#305;c&#305; k&uuml;lt&uuml;r&uuml;n 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