{"id":14420,"date":"2019-07-16T14:57:29","date_gmt":"2019-07-16T19:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=14420"},"modified":"2019-07-16T14:57:29","modified_gmt":"2019-07-16T19:57:29","slug":"29-ozerk-bolgeli-bir-cumhuriyet-kurulmali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/29-ozerk-bolgeli-bir-cumhuriyet-kurulmali\/","title":{"rendered":"“29 \u00d6ZERK B\u00d6LGEL\u0130 B\u0130R CUMHUR\u0130YET KURULMALI”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

G\u00f6k\u00e7e Aytulu
\n<\/b><\/span>Radikal Gazetesi, 08 Mart 2013<\/span><\/p>\n

Bask\u0131n Oran\u2019\u0131n edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk iki cildi yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, D\u0131\u015f Politika dersini bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Dersten ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmama ra\u011fmen \u00f6\u011frenci milleti i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 de ucuz say\u0131lmayacak bu kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz edinmi\u015ftim. Kitap, al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politika kitaplar\u0131na benzemiyordu. Kutular, foto\u011fraflar, k\u0131sa bilgiler ve haritalarla 80 y\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan bir konuyu su gibi okuman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Do\u011fal olarak hem akademisyenlerin hem de uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilere ilgi duyanlar\u0131n be\u011fenisini kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131\u00a0<\/b>kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildi on bir y\u0131l sonra raflardaki yerini ald\u0131. 2001-2012 aras\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bu cildin fark\u0131, neredeyse tamamen AK Parti iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6nemi politikalar\u0131na odaklanmas\u0131. Bask\u0131n Oran ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin on bir y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p i\u00e7eriye d\u00f6nen bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik. Bask\u0131n Hoca, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin son 10 y\u0131ldaki i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika karnesini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131…<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u201cE\u011fer bu cilt 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlansayd\u0131 kitap AKP \u00f6vg\u00fcs\u00fcne d\u00f6nerdi\u201d demi\u015fsiniz. Neden?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bir kere d\u0131\u015f politikada \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in. Bunun temel sebebi proaktif politika ilkesine dayan\u0131yor. Uygulama prensibi de \u201csoft power\u201d, yani yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7. Bug\u00fcne kadar T\u00fcrkiye hep olaylar\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan geldi. Davuto\u011flu bu konuda hakl\u0131. Ermeni meselesi gibi baz\u0131 olaylar ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri izlenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in hep T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin aleyhine d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Davuto\u011flu, \u00f6zellikle Ortado\u011fu\u2019da izledi\u011fi proaktif politikayla yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fc devreye soktu. \u00c7ok iyi sonu\u00e7lar ald\u0131. Mesela Suriye\u2026 Bizim Suriye ile ili\u015fkilerimiz Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019dan tut, S\u00fcvey\u015f krizine kadar hep sorunluydu. Menderes, ABD\u2019den kredi alam\u0131yor diye 1957\u2019de Suriye\u2019yi i\u015fgal ediyorduk. AKP gelene kadar Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu ihmal ettik. Ya da \u00e7ok olumsuz katk\u0131larda bulunduk. \u0130ktidar, 2010 sonuna kadar Esad\u2019la m\u00fckemmel ili\u015fkiler kurdu. Mart 2011\u2019de Arap Bahar\u0131 Suriye\u2019ye s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131nca sanki elektrik d\u00fc\u011fmesini a\u00e7ar ya da kapar gibi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu. Birdenbire kendimizi Suriye\u2019yi i\u015fgal etmek \u00fczere olan bir \u00fclke olarak g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k. Peki ne oldu? Stat\u00fckocu Cumhuriyet d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n yerine proaktif bir d\u0131\u015f politika koyduktan sonra yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7le uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n zaman m\u00fcthi\u015f iyi sonu\u00e7 ald\u0131n. Fakat Esad, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131 dinlemeyince Erdo\u011fan o inan\u0131lmaz \u00f6fkesini Esad\u2019a y\u00f6nlendirdi. Yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7ten sert g\u00fcce ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

Kitapta Ahmet Davuto\u011flu\u2019na hem te\u015fekk\u00fcr var hem de ele\u015ftiri. Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun Stratejik Derinlik kitab\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cklasik bir realist teori kitab\u0131\u201d diyorsunuz. Davuto\u011flu, teoride realist, pratikte idealist mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Davuto\u011flu, geldi\u011fi ortam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir Osmanl\u0131 fikrine sahip. Kemalizm tam tersi. Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 atlamak ihtiyac\u0131 hissetti\u011fi i\u00e7in Orta Asya\u2019ya gitti. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklere \u00e2\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fundan de\u011fil. Ama G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler, Hititler T\u00fcrkiye insan\u0131n\u0131 heyecanland\u0131rmad\u0131. Davuto\u011flu, hem Kemalizmin hem Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminden bahsedince insanlar heyecanland\u0131. Okunmas\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 bir kitap oldu\u011fu halde Stratejik Derinlik 50 bask\u0131 yapt\u0131. Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun kafas\u0131ndaki bu nostalji, sert g\u00fc\u00e7le yap\u0131lacak bir politika anlam\u0131na gelmiyordu. Osmanl\u0131 prestijine kavu\u015fmak amac\u0131ndayd\u0131. Yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak bunu da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015fard\u0131. Sokaktaki Arap insan\u0131 biraz Nas\u0131r \u00f6zleminden biraz kendi liderlerinin \u0130srail\u2019e kafa tutamamas\u0131ndan, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131 y\u00fcceltti. Ama yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7ten sert g\u00fcce ge\u00e7ince birdenbire de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Sert g\u00fc\u00e7 tercihi, konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir zorlamas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir mi?
\n<\/b>
\nKonjonkt\u00fcr diyemeyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Amerika\u2019y\u0131 defalarca birlikte hareket etmeye davet ettik. ABD, iki kez \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli adamlar\u0131n\u0131 yollay\u0131p \u201cBiz orada Kuzey Irak benzeri G\u00fcvenli B\u00f6lge kuramay\u0131z\u201d dedi. Onun \u00fczerine hi\u00e7 olmazsa NATO\u2019yu yan\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6relim diyerek Patriotlar\u0131 getirdik. Bir bu\u00e7uk aya\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ukurda olan Esad\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sald\u0131rmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Can\u0131n\u0131n derdinde.<\/p>\n

Kitap 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fcnyada t\u00fcm dengeleri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bu yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni AK Parti\u2019nin elini kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir unsur muydu?
\n<\/b>
\nEvet, kesinlikle. K\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nem bile olsa Neocon azg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kas\u0131p kavurdu. ABD\u2019nin Irak\u2019taki kesin yenilgiyle birlikte Avrupa\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kacak y\u00fcz\u00fc kalmad\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye muhta\u00e7 hale geldi. \u0130srail\u2019i kullanam\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015feytan. Ama Davuto\u011flu politikas\u0131 sonucu Ortado\u011fu\u2019da artan sempatisi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ihtiya\u00e7 duydular. T\u00fcrkiye, ABD\u2019ye \u00e7e\u015fitli mecralarda posta koymas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ABD hi\u00e7 \u00fczerine al\u0131nmad\u0131. 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi sistem biraz dolayl\u0131 olarak AKP iktidar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Siz kitapta, \u201cAK Parti d\u00f6neminde en kuvvetli ili\u015fkilerin ABD\u2019yle kuruldu\u011funu\u201d s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli krizler de ya\u015fand\u0131. 1 Mart Tezkeresi krizi bir yol kazas\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131?
\n<\/b>
\nOrada ben kamuoyunun d\u0131\u015f politikaya etkisini g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Sezer\u2019den tut Ayd\u0131n Engin\u2019lerin Bar\u0131\u015f Giri\u015fimi\u2019ne kadar \u00f6yle muazzam bir tepki \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ki\u2026 Halk y\u00fczde 90\u2019lara varan d\u00fczeyde buna kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. E\u011fer sokakta iri bir adam, ufak tefek bir adam\u0131 d\u00f6v\u00fcyorsa, bizim halk \u201cAllah belas\u0131n\u0131 versin\u201d der. Irak i\u015fgali de ayn\u0131 olay. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla ilgisi yok.<\/p>\n

Peki kamuoyu i\u00e7 politikay\u0131 belirlemekte ayn\u0131 etkiyi g\u00f6steremiyor mu?
\n<\/b>
\nG\u00f6steremiyor. Bunlar\u0131n net sebepleri var. Bence en etkili sebep K\u00fcrt sorunu ve gayrim\u00fcslimleri ilgilendiren vak\u0131f mallar\u0131 konusunda. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin sicili o kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc ki Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 normal hareketler \u00e7ok ho\u015f olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131yor. Mesela vak\u0131f mallar\u0131n\u0131n iadesi. Kemalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetler \u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck hatalar yapt\u0131 ki normal yap\u0131lan \u015feyler \u00e7ok iyi g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fc. \u0130kincisi akademik olarak bir d\u00f6nemi ele al\u0131rken kategorile\u015ftirmek gerekir. Fakat Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey yapmak fevkalade g\u00fc\u00e7. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc inan\u0131lmaz zikzaklar \u00e7iziyor. Habur giri\u015fini yap\u0131yor. K\u00fcrtler fazla tezah\u00fcrat yap\u0131nca tam tersine d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Ba\u015fbakan bir \u201cK\u00fcrt sorununu halledece\u011fiz\u201d diye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, bir \u201cK\u00fcrt sorunu yoktur ter\u00f6r sorunu vard\u0131r, benim K\u00fcrt karde\u015fimin sorunu vard\u0131r\u201d diye… Bunlar ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi \u00f6ncesi botokstur, ulusalc\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u015eanghay Be\u015flisi, kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in alt\u0131 ay hamilelik izni gibi. Ama en \u00f6nemlisi halk\u0131n AKP\u2019den ba\u015fka bir alternatifin olmamas\u0131. Muhalefet partisi yok. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu itiraz makinesi gibi. CHP i\u00e7indeki ulusalc\u0131lar\u0131 son ferdine kadar temizlemeden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de muhalefet olmayacak.<\/p>\n

Ulusalc\u0131l\u0131k demi\u015fken, kitapta ulusalc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n AK Parti d\u00f6neminde zirveye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz. \u00d6zellikle de 2007\u2019deki Cumhuriyet mitingleriyle ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7te… Ama ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan iki se\u00e7imde de iktidar oyunu art\u0131rd\u0131. Ulusalc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0131 yok, yoksa AK Parti\u2019ye mi yar\u0131yor?
\n<\/b>
\nUlusalc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinin en genel sebebi, k\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin y\u00fckselmesi. \u0130kincisi, AKP\u2019nin gelmesi ve ba\u015far\u0131 kazanmas\u0131. Y\u00fckseliyor g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelerinin sebebi s\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flayan ate\u015fin duman \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gibi. En \u00f6nemlisi, y\u0131llard\u0131r hal\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na s\u00fcp\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Ermeni, K\u00fcrt sorunlar\u0131. Ulusalc\u0131lar bundan korkuyor. Son olarak ulusalc\u0131lar T\u00fcrk kavram\u0131n\u0131n taht\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya aram\u0131za indi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

AK Parti i\u00e7in de ulusalc\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri yap\u0131l\u0131yor?
\n<\/b>
\nBu AKP\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir \u015fey. Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n bunu bir an \u00f6nce fark etmesi gerekiyor ama kendini ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa adad\u0131. Bug\u00fcn \u00d6calan dahil Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc her \u015feyin \u00fczerinde g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. E\u011fer K\u00fcrtler ve onlarla birlikte 29 b\u00f6lge \u00f6zerk olmayacak olursa T\u00fcrkiye felakete gider. Sadece K\u00fcrtlere \u00f6zerklik verilmesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi b\u00f6ler. Bu durumda Allah\u2019\u0131n belas\u0131 ulus devlet bir de yavrular. 29 b\u00f6lgeye \u00f6zerklik vererek bir ademi merkeziyet\u00e7i demokratik T\u00fcrkiye kurulmal\u0131. Bu yeni bir cumhuriyet olarak alg\u0131lanmal\u0131, K\u00fcrtler de onun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu 29 b\u00f6lgeyi etnik unsurlar\u0131 esas alarak m\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz?
\n<\/b>
\nHay\u0131r. Mesela Orta Anadolu ile Ege\u2019nin hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fkisi yoktur. Yeme\u011finden tut, insan\u0131n\u0131n tabiat\u0131na kadar. \u00d6nemli olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ademi merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fin gelmesi. Kemalist merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fi \u015fimdi Erdo\u011fan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin denetiminden ge\u00e7meyecek kararnameler ne demek? Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n, Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n, Y\u00d6K\u2019\u00fcn ve HSYK\u2019n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 atamak ne demek? Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 ve rekt\u00f6rleri se\u00e7mek ne demek? Atat\u00fcrk\u2019te bu yetkilerin yar\u0131s\u0131 yoktu.<\/p>\n

Bask\u0131n Oran\u2019\u0131n AKP iktidar\u0131 karnesi<\/p>\n

DI\u015e POL\u0130T\u0130KA<\/p>\n

AB ile ili\u015fkiler:\u00a0<\/b>2002 \u00f6ncesi AB ile ili\u015fkiler k\u00f6t\u00fcyd\u00fc. Ama bug\u00fcn donmu\u015f vaziyette. AKP 2010\u2019a kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Daha sonras\u0131 ise fena.<\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s:\u00a0<\/b>Annan Plan\u0131 reddedilene kadar \u00e7ok rasyonel \u00e7ok olumlu bir politika y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. 2004\u2019ten sonra eski hatalara d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc. Bug\u00fcn 2002 \u00f6ncesiyle ayn\u0131 noktada.<\/p>\n

Suriye:<\/b>\u00a02002 \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re durum daha k\u00f6t\u00fc. Oysa AKP ili\u015fkileri m\u00fckemmelle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Arap Bahar\u0131\u2019yla birlikte tam tersine d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Irak:\u00a0<\/b>Kuzey Irak\u2019la ili\u015fkiler 2002 \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok iyile\u015fti. Merkezi y\u00f6netimle k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan:\u00a0<\/b>Arka planda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen bilmedi\u011fimiz bir \u015fey yoksa sorunu y\u00fczde 80 halledecek protokollere yaratmas\u0131 sebebiyle be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131z, protokolleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek nedeniyle s\u0131f\u0131r y\u0131ld\u0131z.<\/p>\n

ABD:\u00a0<\/b>2002 \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok daha iyi.<\/p>\n

\u0130srail:\u00a0<\/b>2002 \u00f6ncesiyle mukayese edilemeyecek kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Afrika:<\/b>\u00a0\u0130li\u015fkiler s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eu anda muazzam y\u00fckselen bir grafik var.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00c7 POL\u0130T\u0130KA
\n<\/b>
\nEkonomi:\u00a0<\/b>2002 \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re muazzam bir geli\u015fme var. Bir ekonominin yan\u0131na bir ekonomi daha eklendi.<\/p>\n

Demokrasi ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/b>\u00a0AB reformlar\u0131 ile 2002 \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re daha iyi durumda. Ama performans\u0131 2010\u2019dan sonra d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131:\u00a0<\/b>Gayrim\u00fcslim haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok olumlu. K\u00fcrtler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son s\u00fcreci bilmiyorum ama olumlu de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ve i\u015fkence:\u00a0<\/b>2002 \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re daha olumlu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gökçe Aytulu Radikal Gazetesi, 08 Mart 2013 Baskın Oran’ın editörlüğünü yaptığı Türk Dış Politikası’nın ilk iki cildi yayımlandığında, Dış Politika dersini bir yıl önce almıştım. Dersten geçmiş olmama rağmen öğrenci milleti için hiç de ucuz sayılmayacak bu kitabı çıkar çıkmaz edinmiştim. Kitap, alıştığımız sıkıcı dış politika kitaplarına benzemiyordu. Kutular, fotoğraflar, kısa bilgiler ve haritalarla 80 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