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HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Genel bilgiler:<\/strong><\/p>\n Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da, Rusya Federasyonu (RF) devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan ve Adigelerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 cumhuriyetten (AC, K\u00c7C, KBC) biri. Topraklar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle Krasnodar kray\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir. Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 7 bin 600 km. kare (200 km. karelik Krasnodar Baraj\u0131 ile 7 bin 800 km. kare), n\u00fcfusu 447 bin109 (2002;2008’deki n\u00fcfusu ise 441 bin 200), ba\u015fkenti Maykop (M\u0131yequape; 2002\u2019de 156 bin 931). N\u00fcfusun 234 bin 900\u2019\u00fc kentli (% 52.5), 212 bin 209\u2019u da k\u00f6yl\u00fc (% 47.5); % 53. 5\u2019i kad\u0131n (239 bin 090), % 46.5\u2019i de erkektir (208 bin 019). \u00d6zerk ya\u015fama ge\u00e7i\u015f, Adige ve Shapsugh topluluklar\u0131na \u00f6zerklik verilmesi: 1922\u2019de, Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n orta sol ovalar\u0131nda, Adigelerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 10-30 km geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 300 km uzunlu\u011funda, yay bi\u00e7imindeki bir \u015ferit \u00fczerinde, 27 Temmuz 1922\u2019de olu\u015fturulan Adige \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (A\u00d6O) s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, ilkin 23 May\u0131s 1923\u2019te \u00e7izildi: \u0130lk kurulu\u015funda y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 2. 660 km. kare, y\u00f6netim merkezi de Krasnodar (Yekaterinodar) kentinde idi. Oblast\u0131n \u00f6nce \u201c\u00c7erkes (Adigey) \u00d6O\u201d olan ad\u0131, 24 A\u011fustos 1922\u2019de \u201cAdigey (\u00c7erkes) \u00d6O\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi, daha sonra, 13 A\u011fustos 1928\u2019de de \u201cAdigey \u00d6O\u201d (A\u00d6O) ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Kurulu\u015fu d\u00f6neminde Adige n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu vard\u0131. Daha sonra Adige oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131: 1926\u2019da 113 bin 481 olan genel n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde % 44.8 Adige (50 bin 821), % 25.6 Rus (29 bin 102), %23.3 Ukraynal\u0131 (26 bin 405) ve % 0.7 Ermeni (738) bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n A\u00d6O, di\u011fer Kuzey Kafkas etnik y\u00f6releri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve uza\u011f\u0131nda ve en kuzeyde, 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Rus dil denizi i\u00e7ine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bulunan Adige yerle\u015ftirme adalar\u0131n\u0131n (rezervasyonlar\u0131n) \u00e7o\u011funu i\u00e7ine alan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir y\u00f6re bi\u00e7iminde kurulmu\u015ftu (\u015fimdiki \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i metropoliten alan\u0131, Tuapse,Uspensk ve o zamanki Anapa rayonlar\u0131 Adigeleri A\u00d6O d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131). Di\u011fer Kuzey Kafkas b\u00f6lgeleri ise, Rus dil denizinin g\u00fcneydo\u011fu \u00a0kenar\u0131nda, kendi tarihsel etnik y\u00f6relerinde ve birbirleriyle s\u0131n\u0131r temas\u0131 bulunan geni\u015f bir etnik ku\u015fak i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ancak \u201cAdigey \u00d6O<\/strong>\u201d ile 1924\u2019te kurulan Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u201cShapsugh Ulusal Rayonu\u201d, <\/strong>1864 Rus d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn uygulamalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan, tamamen izole (tecrit durumda) olan yerlerde bulunuyorlard\u0131 (Shapsugh rayonu 1922\u2019de kurulan ve \u015fimdiki \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e ve Tuapse rayonu topraklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan Shapsugh \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti topraklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde, daralt\u0131larak olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu.Kuban ve Laba solundaki tecrit haldeki yerlerde ise, eski yerliler olarak Bjedugh, K\u2019emguy, Kuban Kabardeyleri, vb Rus askeri denetimi alt\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. 1864\u2019te bu y\u00f6relere yeni Shapsugh ve Abzegh s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler de yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdi. 1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda hen\u00fcz egemen olan \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer y\u00f6releri, yani Maykop\u2019tan ge\u00e7en Byelaya Irma\u011f\u0131 (\u015ehagua\u015fe) ile Karadeniz aras\u0131ndaki y\u00f6re ise, Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmetince al\u0131nan 10 May\u0131s 1862 tarihli bir Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00a0karar\u0131 gere\u011fince, etnik temizlik ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u00fcr\u00fclme bi\u00e7iminde Adige n\u00fcfusundan b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Adigelerden bo\u015falt\u0131lan bu yerlere de Rus kolonizat\u00f6rler yerle\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir tek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck da\u011fl\u0131k Hak\u2019u\u00e7<\/strong>\/\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0443\u0446\u0443 y\u00f6resi birka\u00e7 y\u0131l daha direnmi\u015fti). Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 solundaki Adigelere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerle\u015ftirme\u00a0 alanlar\u0131nda, 1864\u2019te, \u00fcnl\u00fc Adige m\u00fczecilik uzman\u0131 Dr. Almir ABREG\u2019<\/strong>e g\u00f6re toplam 80 bin, 1865\u2019te de Adige tarih\u00e7isi Samir HATKO<\/strong>\u2019ya (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440) g\u00f6re, 51 bin Adige kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 1920\u2019lerde<\/strong> ise, Adige<\/strong> ve Shapsugh toplam say\u0131s\u0131 55-60 bin dolay\u0131nda olabilirdi.<\/strong> Say\u0131 azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, kat\u0131 Rus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin a\u015f\u0131larak, bu iki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck y\u00f6reye, \u00f6zellikle de birka\u00e7 bin Shapsugh\u2019a \u00f6zerklik verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, Sovyet devrimcilerinin, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etnik topluluklar\u0131 bile g\u00f6zeten adil ve demokratik siyasal ilkelere ve bir ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131, bunun bir benzerinin olsa olsa \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de bulunabilece\u011fini; Lenin\u2019in y\u0131llar \u00f6nce \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019yi \u00f6rnek alarak, geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulusal sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ilkelerine sad\u0131k kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yeni etnik-ulusal yap\u0131lanmaya da \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak Lenin\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonras\u0131nda, Stalin ile birlikte,s\u00f6zde parti \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u00a0b\u00fcrokratik bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck ve \u00a0yozla\u015fman\u0131n bask\u0131n hale geldi\u011fini, bunu bir sonucu olarak da \u00a0\u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir Rus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin yeniden hortlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Nitekim bu gerici Rus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin bast\u0131rmas\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck Shapsugh il\u00e7esi (rayon) bile, gelecek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201ctehlikeli\u201d bir olu\u015fum say\u0131ld\u0131 (\u201ctehlike ideolojisi\u201d, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de fa\u015fizmin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve beslendi\u011fi ideolojilerdendir) ve 24 May\u0131s 1945\u2019te la\u011fvedildi (bk. Shapsugh Ulusal Rayonu, Vikipedi, internet).<\/p>\n Adigey\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fcme s\u00fcreci ve beliren yeni sorunlar: Adigey \u00d6O, ilkin \u00a0Rusya (RSFSC) i\u00e7inde, arac\u0131s\u0131z Moskova\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir idari birim (il) idi; sonralar\u0131, stat\u00fc indirimiyle, \u201cdaha \u00fcst stat\u00fcdeki bir il (kray) y\u00f6netimine ba\u011fland\u0131, yani daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir idari alt birim -il ile il\u00e7e aras\u0131 bir birim-\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6nce Kuzey Kafkas Kray\u2019<\/strong>\u0131na, ard\u0131ndan 1934\u2019te de Azak-Karadeniz Kray<\/strong>\u2019\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00fczeyindeki 1936 anayasal d\u00fczenleme ve yap\u0131lanma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, A\u00d6O ba\u015fkenti,s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Krasnodar kentinden,s\u0131n\u0131r i\u00e7ine al\u0131nan Maykop (M\u0131yequape) kentine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 ve ara yerdeki Giaginsk (Djadje\/Cace) rayonu da A\u00d6O\u2019na ba\u011fland\u0131, b\u00f6ylece bir toprak geni\u015flemesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 3 bin 900 km. kareye ula\u015ft\u0131 (1. 240 km. kare ya da % 46. 6 oran\u0131nda bir toprak art\u0131\u015f\u0131). Ertesi y\u0131l, 1937\u2019de ise, \u00f6zerk \u00a0oblast, yeni olu\u015fturulan Krasnodar Kray\u2019a (il) ba\u011fland\u0131 (ve 1991 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin oraya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalacakt\u0131). Daha sonra, g\u00fcneydeki turistik Maykop (M\u0131yequape) rayonu da oblast s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 7 bin 600 km. kareye (Krasnodar Baraj\u0131 ile birlikte, 7 bin 800 km. kareye) \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 (yeniden 2 misli kadar bir geni\u015fleme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti). Rus \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 oklar\u0131n\u0131n Adigelere \u00e7evrildi\u011fi zorlu bir d\u00f6nem: AC, halen ve t\u00fcm\u00fcyle Krasnodar Kray s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, AC, ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131ktan kurtulmak ve daha g\u00fcvenli bir ekonomik geli\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fmak amac\u0131yla do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlara kavu\u015fmak istedi, bunun i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fuda Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u2019ne (K\u00c7C), g\u00fcneyde de Abhazya Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u2019ne de\u011fin geni\u015fletilmesi (ya da Mostovski rayonunun AC s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nmas\u0131); ayr\u0131ca Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 (So\u00e7i ve Tuapse\u2019deki) Shapsughlar\u0131na,1945\u2019te \u00a0haks\u0131z olarak gasp edilmi\u015f olan \u00f6zerkliklerinin iade edilmesi isteklerinde bulundu (bk. Do\u00e7. Dr. Ufuk Tavkul, Kafkasya\u2019da bir tehdit unsuru \u201dKazaklar\u201d, Birle\u015fik Kafkasya Dergisi, say\u0131 6-7, s. 33). Rus liderlerin kendi aralar\u0131nda neler konu\u015ftuklar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funca a\u00e7\u0131klanmaz ve gizli tutulur; al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmeleri y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131na da kalabilir. Biz Adige isteklerinin, \u00fcst d\u00fczeylerde nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak bilemeyiz ama \u00f6yle fazla bir zaman ge\u00e7irilmeden, AC\u2019nin la\u011fvedilip topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Krasnodar Kray\u2019\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7erikli sinsi ve dalga dalga kabaran bir kampanyan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokuldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Kampanya, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fckten ve ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 buland\u0131rd\u0131ktan, RF\u2019na g\u00fcveni iyice sarst\u0131ktan \u00a0sonra, AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hazret \u015e\u2019OVMEN\u2019<\/strong>in kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 (2004), Adigelerin sert tepkileri (21 May\u0131s 2006) ve RF Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir PUT\u0130N\u2019<\/strong>in Adigeleri dolayl\u0131 desteklemesi (2006) \u00fczerine, \u015fimdilik yat\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n Adigey\u2019in yeniden kolonize edilmesi: 1989-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, siyasal sorunlar yan\u0131nda, genel bir ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci de ya\u015fand\u0131, i\u015fsizlik felaket boyutunu ald\u0131, asayi\u015f bozuldu, r\u00fc\u015fvet ve yolsuzluk yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131, sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u00e7o\u011fu Rus 123 bin 900 ki\u015fi, AC\u2019ni terk edip sanayi merkezlerine g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Bu n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011fu, daha \u00f6nceleri kolhoz (k\u00f6y tar\u0131m kooperatifi) ve sovhozlara (devlet tar\u0131m i\u015fletmesi) devlet yard\u0131m\u0131 (politik destek), turizmde g\u00f6revlendirme, Maykop kentinde de bedava konut tahsisi ve istihdam bi\u00e7imlerinde s\u00fcbvanse edilen politik bir n\u00fcfustu. Bu Rus n\u00fcfus \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olgusu, bo\u015falan devlet (RF) konutlar\u0131na, Maykop ve Tahtamukay\u2019da devlet\u00e7e in\u015fa ettirilen yeni devlet konutlar\u0131na, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan, \u00e7o\u011fu emekli ve \u00fcretici olmayan 155 bin 400 Rus n\u00fcfus getirilip \u201ckapat\u0131lma\u201d yoluna gidildi (Sonu\u00e7 olarak n\u00fcfusta \u00fc\u00e7te iki oran\u0131nda ve Ruslar yarar\u0131na bir de\u011fi\u015fim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ya da \u015fimdiki Adigey n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan getirilip Adigey\u2019e yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan bir n\u00fcfus oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir).<\/p>\n Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00c7erkesler: Adigeler, 1864 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin ve tarih boyunca ve ana kitle olarak, hi\u00e7bir yabanc\u0131 g\u00fcce boyun e\u011fmemi\u015f olan, temelde demokratik yap\u0131l\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir toplum idiler (Bu yap\u0131 sa\u011flam gelenekleri sayesinde ayakta kalman\u0131n temel nedeni olurken,bu t\u00fcr bir yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0sald\u0131rgan ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 karakterde olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle de,toplumun \u00a0zay\u0131f taraf\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu). Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, uzun bir s\u00fcre, yani Ruslar Karadeniz\u2019e inene dek Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun boyun e\u011fdiremedi\u011fi ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f olan tek Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 \u00fclkesi, Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00c7erkesya (Adigey) idi, <\/strong>yani Karadeniz\u2019de egemenlik T\u00fcrkler ve \u00c7erkesler aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (\u00c7o\u011fu milliyet\u00e7i ve tek yanl\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk ve Rus tarih atlaslar\u0131, \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 1829 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131lara \u201cba\u011fl\u0131\u201d bir b\u00f6lgeymi\u015f (eyalet imi\u015f) gibi g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar, ama yanl\u0131\u015f. Bat\u0131l\u0131 tarih atlaslar\u0131 ise, \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131, 1864 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke olarak g\u00f6stermeye devam ediyorlar.Bu da tarihsel anlamda bir hak iadesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1814<\/strong> Viyana Kongresi<\/strong> konulu tarih atlaslar\u0131na bak\u0131labilir; ayr\u0131ca bk. GROLIER International AMER\u0130CANA Encyclopedia, Sabah, cilt 2, s. 307, 310, 312.<\/p>\n Maykop’taki Adige Ulusal M\u00fczesi<\/strong>‘nde (AUM) Eski Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131tlar\u0131, M\u00d6 III. biny\u0131l\u0131na ait, yani 4 bin 500 y\u0131l, dahas\u0131 5 bin 500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait Adige Meot<\/strong> (\u041c\u044b\u0443\u04421) yap\u0131tlar\u0131 vard\u0131r (AUM i\u00e7in bk. Nuriyet Mam\u0131r\u0131ko, “Ulusal Tarih Koruma Alt\u0131nda”, internet;ayr\u0131ca bk. Aslangua\u015f \u015e’avko, “M\u0131yequape\/Maykop ad\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni”, Jineps gazetesi, say\u0131 say\u0131 19; Fatim \u00c7’are, “V\u0131lape H\u00f6y\u00fckleri”, Jineps gaz. , say\u0131 21). Meot (Adige)\u00a0 ya\u015fam\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc:<\/strong> Birbirini izleyen \u0130skit, Sarmat, Alan, Got ve \u00f6zellikle de Hun sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu Adige kentleri, k\u0131y\u0131 ticareti ve Adige yaz\u0131l\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00a0sona erdi. Adige \u00fclkesinin en verimli topraklar\u0131 adeta bir yol ge\u00e7en han\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan ve y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l oralarda bar\u0131nan Adigeler, kendine yeterli (otar\u015fik) bir tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve paral\u0131 askerlik (M\u0131s\u0131r Memluklar\u0131 gibi) gibi u\u011fra\u015flarla ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Bu da yer yer tembelle\u015fmeyi getirdi. Yoksulla\u015fan ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da yitiren Adigeler, yine de geleneklerini, folklor ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Ancak \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri sayesinde baz\u0131 istilac\u0131lar\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle Sarmat-Alanlar\u0131) asimile yoluyla Adigele\u015ftirmeyi de ba\u015fard\u0131lar. \u015eimdiki Alan-Osetler bile Adige karakteri ta\u015f\u0131makta, dil d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Adige \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6stermektedirler. Hun, Mo\u011fol ve Tatar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n Kabardeyler K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a a\u011f\u0131r vergiler \u00f6d\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Adigeler (Kabardeyler) uzak bir \u00fclke insanlar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri Ruslarla ili\u015fki kurdular. Bu yeni yak\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n kendileri i\u00e7in ileride bir tehlike olu\u015fturabilece\u011finin herhalde fark\u0131nda de\u011fildiler (Adigeler, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck ve zay\u0131f topluluklara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle, \u0130ngilizler ve Ruslar gibi ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devlet adamlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftiremiyorlard\u0131. Bu arada Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet adamlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bile Slaviyan k\u00f6kenliler \u00e7o\u011funlukta olmal\u0131d\u0131r, Sokollu Mehmet Pa\u015fa gibi, konulara bu a\u00e7\u0131lardan da bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r). Alt\u0131n Ordu\u2019nun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 sonucu, Alt\u0131n Ordu topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde, Adigelerin kuzey \u00a0kom\u015fular\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00a0K\u0131r\u0131m <\/strong> (1441-1783) ve Astrahan <\/strong>(1466-1556) hanl\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fdu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Rusya ile Kabardeyler aras\u0131nda bir tampon Tatar devleti konumunda olan Astrahan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1554’te Rus korumas\u0131 alt\u0131na girdi,ancak \u00a0Han’\u0131n sinsi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ihaneti \u00fczerine de, 1556\u2019da la\u011fvedilip topraklar\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya ilhak edildi. B\u00f6ylece Kabardeyler ve onlar\u0131n do\u011fusunda Hazar Denizi\u2019ne uzanan bir alanda ya\u015fayan halklar, yani \u015fimdiki Oset, \u0130ngu\u015f, \u00c7e\u00e7en ve Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar da Ruslarla\u00a0 kom\u015fu olmu\u015f oldular. Sonunda \u00a0Kabardeyler, Alt\u0131n Ordu yerinde kurulmu\u015f olan \u00f6teki Tatar devleti olan K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan<\/strong> koptular; g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yoluyla ve bir antla\u015fmayla, 1557\u2019de Rus korumas\u0131n\u0131 benimsediler. B\u00fcy\u00fck Kabardey derebeyi P\u015f\u0131 Temr\u0131ko \u0130DAR\u2019<\/strong>\u0131n bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan k\u0131z\u0131 Go\u015fevnay \u0130DAR<\/strong> (1544-1569), Moskova\u2019da bir kilisede vaftiz edilip Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve Mariya<\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131, ard\u0131ndan \u00a0ilk Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 \u0130van IV\u2019<\/strong>e (Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van) nikahland\u0131 (1561). B\u00f6ylece Rus-Kabardey antla\u015fmas\u0131 evlilikle de per\u00e7inlenmi\u015f oldu ve bir\u00e7ok Kabardey soylusuna Moskova\u2019da \u00f6nemli devlet g\u00f6revleri verildi, bunlar \u00f6zveriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar, baz\u0131lar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan da oldular ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme s\u00fcrecine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulundular (1557 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 450. y\u0131l\u0131 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca AC, KBC, K\u00c7C ve Moskova\u2019da kutlanm\u0131\u015f ama Adigelerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, herhalde pek de iyi bir \u015fey getirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in olacak, kutlamalar\u0131 buruk kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Adigelerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Krasnodar ve Stavropol kraylar\u0131, her nedense kutlama d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftur). Kabardeyler bu yararl\u0131 ittifak ve balay\u0131 sayesinde Ruslara hayvan (at, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, koyun) sat\u0131yor, onlardan sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Abhaz yazar\u0131 Hayri Ersoy<\/strong>‘a g\u00f6re, Rus korumas\u0131ndaki Abhaz Prensli\u011fi’<\/strong>nin n\u00fcfusu 1858’de 94 bin 023 idi. (Dili, Edebiyat\u0131 ve Tarihi ile \u00c7erkesler, \u0130stanbul, 1993, s. 44) \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n istilas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131: 1829-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem, \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in verilmi\u015f sava\u015flarla dolu,ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00a0bir kahramanl\u0131k destan\u0131 niteli\u011findedir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler, haks\u0131z 1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019<\/strong>n\u0131 tan\u0131yarak, Adigeleri ciddi anlamda desteksiz ve bir ba\u015flar\u0131na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flar, ama bir yandan da Adigeleri Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaktan ve ajanlar g\u00f6ndermekten geri kalmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 1840’da Adigeler, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6nderilen ve Adigelere d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131m gelece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen bu Osmanl\u0131 (din adamlar\u0131) ve \u0130ngiliz ajanlar\u0131n\u0131n propagandalar\u0131na inan\u0131p d\u00fczensiz bi\u00e7imde Rus hatlar\u0131na sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar ve a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar vermi\u015flerdi. Adigeler sonunda bu ajanlar\u0131n yalanc\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilmez ki\u015filer olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131lar ve savunmaya \u00e7ekildiler. Ayr\u0131ca Osmanl\u0131 ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklara olan eski g\u00fcvenlerini de iyice yitirdiler.<\/p>\n Bu pasif duruma bir son vermelerini sa\u011flama amac\u0131yla, \u00c7e\u00e7enya<\/strong>‘da Ruslarla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmakta olan \u0130mam \u015eamil<\/strong>, Adigeler aras\u0131na \u201cnaib\u201d<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yollamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca 1846’da, \u00c7e\u00e7enya ile \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 ay\u0131ran Kabardiya<\/strong> b\u00f6lgesini saf\u0131na \u00e7ekmeyi ve m\u00fccadeleyi Kuzey Kafkasya boyutuna yaymay\u0131 denedi, ama ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine 1848’de, 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ki\u015fi olan Muhammed Emin<\/strong>‘i, naibi olarak, kalabal\u0131k bir din adam\u0131 ve kad\u0131lar e\u015fli\u011finde \u00c7erkesya’ya g\u00f6nderdi. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm Adige (Abzeghler) Naib’in \u015feriat ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck vaatlerini benimsedi ve Rus karakollar\u0131na sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 (1849) ama yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve k\u00f6lelerin deste\u011fini yitiren Naib 1851’de yenildi ve di\u011fer Adigeler gibi savunmaya \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm Adige de (Shapsugh, Natuhay, vd) Ruslara ve Muhammed Emin’e (dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015eamil’e) kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri mesafeli davranma ve savunma stratejilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131.<\/p>\n 1853-1856 K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda M\u00fcttefikler (ve Osmanl\u0131lar), \u00c7erkesya’y\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f buldular. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7erkesya’y\u0131 ve \u015eamil \u00f6nderli\u011findeki \u0130mamet Devleti’<\/strong>ni tan\u0131ma yerine, Osmanl\u0131lar \u015eamil’i Kafkasya Genel Valisi<\/strong> olarak ilan ettiler, \u00c7erkesya’ya da Seferbey Zaneko\u2019yu \u00c7erkesya Askeri Valisi<\/strong> olarak g\u00f6nderdiler. Bu durum, \u00c7e\u00e7enya, Da\u011f\u0131stan ve \u00c7erkesya’n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclkeler de\u011fil, i\u015fgal edilecek birer Rus topra\u011f\u0131 olduklar\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu ve 1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de\u00a0 bunu gerektiriyordu.Ayr\u0131ca sava\u015f\u0131n amac\u0131 ve nihai hedefi, Karadeniz’deki Rus donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yok etmek, Ruslar\u0131n Akdeniz’e, yani \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kar alanlar\u0131na ve bir tampon \u00fclke konumunda olan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne y\u00f6nelik bir Rus yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. \u00dcst\u00fcn Rus g\u00fc\u00e7leri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutunamayan Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 boyundaki Bjedugh, K\u2019emguy, Besleney, Kuban Kabardey <\/strong>ve Abazalar<\/strong> (\u015eahgiraylar), vb 1859\u2019da, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Anapa dolaylar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Natuhaylar<\/strong> (1864’te yakla\u015f\u0131k 240 bin n. ) ise 1860\u2019da, ard\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l direnen Abzegh<\/strong> (\u0410\u0431\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0445; 260 bin n.) ve Shapsughlar<\/strong> da (300 bin n.) 1863 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda (Temmuz sonu ve Ekim 1863\u2019te), daha g\u00fcneyde Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde bar\u0131nan Wub\u0131h<\/strong> (y. 100 bin n.) ve Cigetler<\/strong> (Sadzlar; y. 17 bin n.) 24 Mart 1864\u2019te, direnen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Aibga<\/strong> k\u00f6y toplulu\u011fu (tek k\u00f6y) ise 12 May\u0131s 1864\u2019te Ruslara boyun e\u011fdi.<\/p>\n 21 May\u0131s 1864\u2019te Mz\u0131mta Irma\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131s\u0131ndaki Kbaada Yaylas\u0131<\/strong>‘nda (ate\u015fe verilen \u201c1\u0430\u0442\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u201d\/Atquadj\/Atkuac k\u00f6y\u00fcnde) bir askeri ve dini t\u00f6ren d\u00fczenleyen Ruslar, Rus-Kafkas Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendi zaferleriyle sona erdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. Bu arada \u00fclkeyi Adigelerden bo\u015faltma i\u015flemi de h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Haziran ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru egemen \u00c7erkesya topraklar\u0131 (Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile do\u011fuda \u015ehagua\u015fe \u0131rma\u011f\u0131na de\u011fin uzanan topraklar, direnen Hak\u2019u\u00e7 y\u00f6resi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle insans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Adige n\u00fcfus \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc: 1864 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Rus istilas\u0131 sonucu, 2 milyon<\/strong> dolay\u0131nda olan Adige n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7inden (bk. \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, madde \u201c\u00c7erkesler\u201d, Mirza Bala; T. V. Polovinkina, \u00c7erkesya G\u00f6n\u00fcl Yaram, s. 137, Prof. Dr. A. H. \u015eeugen 2 milyon n\u00fcfusu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r; Prof. Dr. K. Karpat’a g\u00f6reyse, Adige n\u00fcfusu 2 milyondan da fazlayd\u0131), Adige tarih\u00e7isi Dr. Almir Abreg\u2019<\/strong>e g\u00f6re 1864\u2019te 80 bin (eski n\u00fcfusun % 4\u2019\u00fc), bir ba\u015fka Adige tarih\u00e7i Hatko<\/strong>\u2019ya g\u00f6re de 1865\u2019te 51 bin (eski n\u00fcfusun % 2. 5) kadar\u0131, eski yurdunda ya da o yerde olu\u015fturulan \u201cKuban oblast\u0131\u201d\u2019n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan \u015fimdiki Adigey b\u00f6lgesi dolaylar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bir miktar (%1-2 kadar\u0131) Kabardey, Besleney<\/strong> ve Abaza<\/strong> (Abazin) da, 1830\u2019lardan beri Batalpa\u015finsk<\/strong> (\u015eerceskale\/\u00c7erkessk) y\u00f6resinde ya\u015f\u0131yordu (1864\u2019te T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmeyip eski \u00c7erkesya topraklar\u0131nda ya da onun yerinde olu\u015fturulan Kuban oblast\u0131nda kalan Adigelerin – \u015fimdiki Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya y\u00f6resinde ya\u015fayan Adige ve Abazalar da dahil – toplam say\u0131s\u0131, bu durumda, en iyimser say\u0131yla 100 bin kadard\u0131.) Adige n\u00fcfusunun azalt\u0131l\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi: 1897\u2019de, <\/strong>200 bin olmas\u0131 beklenen \u015fimdiki \u201cAdigey\u201d ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u201cShapsughya\u201d (\u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i ve Tuapse) y\u00f6releri Adigeleri<\/strong>nin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> 30 bine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. Orta Kuban ve Orta Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 boyunda, yay bi\u00e7imindeki bir \u015ferit \u00fczerinde, 300 km boyunca uzanan ve kimselerin be\u011fenmedi\u011fi ve s\u0131tma yata\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00fcm tarlas\u0131 olan bu yeni Adige yerle\u015ftirme alanlar\u0131ndaki batakl\u0131klar\u0131n baz\u0131 kesimleri, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re tar\u0131mda ileri, yetenekli, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ki\u015filer olan Adigeler taraf\u0131ndan, imece (haf\u0131) dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yoluyla k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kanallar kaz\u0131l\u0131p kurutularak ve su bentleri yap\u0131l\u0131p tarlalara su g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve verimli tarlalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdi (B\u00f6ylece bir\u00e7ok Adige ailesi, Ruslar\u0131n \u0131rgat\u0131, yar\u0131c\u0131 ya da kirac\u0131lar\u0131 olmaktan kurtulup Kazaklarla e\u015fit bir ekonomik d\u00fczeye eri\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Adigelerin Kazak ve Ruslarla aralar\u0131 iyiydi. Ayr\u0131ca Adigeler, askeri denetimden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Kazaklarla birlikte ayn\u0131 y\u00f6netime ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flar ve b\u00f6ylece \u00a0nefes alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.) Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bu topraklar, Adigelerin elinden al\u0131n\u0131p, emekli Rus askerlerine ve Kazaklara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaya, Adigeler<\/strong> de, a\u015fama a\u015fama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131<\/strong>. Kanallar kaz\u0131p topra\u011f\u0131 \u0131slah eden \u00c7erkesler, \u201ctembel, yerine \u0131s\u0131namam\u0131\u015f, akrabalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gitmek i\u00e7in can atan, bu y\u00fczden de Rusya y\u00f6netimini benimsemeyen, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 izni verilirse rahatlayacak olan kimseler\u201d imi\u015fler bi\u00e7iminde daha \u00fcst makamlara raporlar g\u00f6nderiliyor ve propaganda ediliyordu. Sovyetler d\u00f6nemi: Sovyet i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Bol\u015feviklerle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere, soylular komutas\u0131nda Adige s\u00fcvari birlikleri<\/strong> kuruldu. Toprak sahipleri ve etkiledikleri k\u00f6yl\u00fcler gerici Kazaklarla birlikte Bol\u015feviklere (kom\u00fcnistlere) kar\u015f\u0131 verilen i\u00e7 sava\u015fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu birliklerin askerleri ve aileleri, sava\u015f\u0131 Bol\u015feviklerin kazanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00fclkeyi terk ettiler. Ayr\u0131ca 1918\u2019de, sadece k\u0131z\u0131l (Bol\u015fevik) ter\u00f6re 4 bin dolay\u0131nda yeti\u015fkin insan kurban verildi, \u00f6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etnik halk i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr rakamlar, y\u0131k\u0131m anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. (Bkz. Kim \u015eibzuh, \u201c\u00c7erkesya Deh\u015fet \u0130\u00e7inde\u201d, internet). Ayr\u0131ca Beyazlar\u0131n (Bol\u015fevik kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n) \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Adige say\u0131s\u0131 da az de\u011fildir. \u00d6zerklik d\u00f6nemindeki n\u00fcfus oynamalar\u0131: 1926\u2019da 50 bin 821 olan Adigey\u2019in Adige k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfusu, 33 y\u0131lda, yani 1959\u2019da ancak 65 bin 908\u2019e y\u00fckselebilmi\u015ftir (15 bin 087 ki\u015filik ya da % 29.68 art\u0131\u015f). N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131ndaki bu \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bir nedeni, kolektifle\u015ftirme ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve oralarda telef olmas\u0131 ve politik infazlar ise, bir nedeni de \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck Adige n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu topraks\u0131z ya da az toprakl\u0131 yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fc ya da topraks\u0131z ve devrime a\u00e7\u0131k eski k\u00f6le ailelerinden gelme olan Kabardey, Abaza, Kara\u00e7ay ve Balkar k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin aksine; olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fmi\u015f bir tar\u0131ma, i\u00e7 iskan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, zaten azatl\u0131 olan \u00a0k\u00f6le s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na da toprak verilmi\u015f olan, bu nedenle de baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f aile arazilerine, aile ba\u015f\u0131na ise ortalama 100 d\u00f6n\u00fcm dolay\u0131nda araziye ve otlaklara sahip olan tutucu, dindar ve devrim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Adigey Adigeleri, y\u00f6redeki, yine arazi sahibi dindar \u00a0kom\u015fular olan \u00a0Rus ve Kazaklar ile birlikte, kolektivizasyona, yani toprak ve hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p kolhoz \u00e7iftliklerine verilmesine ve kendilerinin de, fiilen toprak \u0131rgatlar\u0131 konumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmelerine, ku\u015fkusuz sert tepkiler g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdi. B\u00fcy\u00fck Adige yazar\u0131 Tembot K\u2019era\u015f<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n (bk. internet) \u201cNas\u0131p\u0131m y\u0131\u011fogu\u201d<\/strong> (Mutluluk Yolu; bu roman\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi i\u00e7in bkz. Tembot K\u2019era\u015f, Mutluluk Yolu<\/strong>, internet) adl\u0131 roman\u0131, Adigelerin bu olu\u015fuma (kolhozla\u015fmaya) kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdikleri sert tepki ve direni\u015fleri, sanatsal bir ustal\u0131kla sergilemektedir. Cumhuriyet\u2019e ge\u00e7i\u015f, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 Rus dalgalanmalar\u0131 ve yeni sorunlar: 1988\u2019de patlak veren Azerbaycan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f \u00d6O\u201d<\/strong> sorununa bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm modeli olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u201cRuslarla sorunu bulunmayan bir toplum olduklar\u0131\u201d<\/strong> de\u011ferlendirmeleriyle ve deneme amac\u0131yla, ilkin \u201cAdigeler\u2019e bir cumhuriyet kurdurulmas\u0131\u201d<\/strong> ve modelin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda, \u00f6teki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck halklara, bu arada Karaba\u011f\u2019a da cumhuriyet kurdurulmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00fczeyinde b\u00fct\u00fcn etnik sorunlar\u0131n k\u00f6kten \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, o zamanki Sovyet \u00fcst y\u00f6netimince, bir \u00e7\u0131kar yol (strateji) olarak benimsenmi\u015fti<\/strong>. Bu konsept i\u00e7inde, Ruslar\u0131n g\u00fcvendi\u011fi bir toplum olan Adigelerin \u201ccumhuriyet (devlet) kurmalar\u0131\u201d sa\u011flanacakt\u0131. <\/strong>Yani \u015fimdiki ekstremist (\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 Rus) \u00e7evrelerin, \u00f6rne\u011fin Slaviyanlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nin iddialar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, cumhuriyet, etnik Adigeler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek ve onlar ad\u0131na kurulmu\u015ftu. Plan gere\u011fince, Adigey, ilkin, Krasnodar Kray\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p do\u011frudan Moskova\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u201d \u00f6zerk oblast yap\u0131ld\u0131, yani il stat\u00fcs\u00fcne y\u00fckseldi. Bu arada, konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcn zorlamas\u0131yla, ilkin sadece Adigeler i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan program geni\u015fletildi ve kapsama, Adigey yan\u0131nda, Rusya\u2019daki di\u011fer 4 \u00f6zerk oblastdan 3\u2019\u00fc \u00a0dahil edildi: Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya, Altay ve Hakasya da Adigey ile birlikte, bir paket halinde, 3 Temmuz 1991\u2019de resmen cumhuriyet yap\u0131ld\u0131lar <\/strong>(Do\u011fu Sibirya\u2019daki Yahudi \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019n\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fc ise de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi). Ancak, s\u0131ra Karaba\u011f\u2019a gelmeden Sovyetler Birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131 ve kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan program tamamlanamad\u0131. Daha sonra Adigey, bir Federasyon S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong> ile RF’na egemen bir devlet birimi olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong>. Daha sonra, \u201ckonjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini\u201d, art\u0131k Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne de, Adigelere de gereksinim kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Adigelerin \u201czay\u0131f\u201d ve korunmas\u0131z oldu\u011funu, \u00fcstelik bindirilmi\u015f k\u0131talar halinde, Moskova taraf\u0131ndan Rus diasporas\u0131ndan Adigey\u2019e getirilip yerle\u015ftirilen 155. 400 yeni yerle\u015fimci ile Rus n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren ve f\u0131rsat\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmak istemeyen baz\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 Ruslar, merkezdeki baz\u0131 \u00fcst yetkili destek\u00e7ilerine de g\u00fcvenerek, Adigelerin \u00f6z topraklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde kurulu olan bu minyat\u00fcr devletini, referandum oyunlar\u0131yla ortadan kald\u0131rmaya kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Adigeler, bu \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 Slav dalgas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almakta gecikmediler. AC Devlet Meclisi-Khase\u2019deki demokrat Rus \u00fcyelerin de deste\u011fi ile anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kabul edildi\u011finde ya da Khase\u2019de Adigeler aleyhinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funluk olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve demokrasi ge\u00e7erli kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, anayasal olarak, zaten bir referanduma da gidilemez.<\/p>\n Krasnodar Kray y\u00f6netiminin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00a0g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler ve baz\u0131 oport\u00fcnist davran\u0131\u015flar: Krasnodar Kray\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin zaman zaman Adigeylilere kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz tav\u0131rlar i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fi, baz\u0131 Ruslar\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle ekstremist ve l\u00fcmpen Kazaklar\u0131) Adige ve Shapsughlara kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, Tahtamukay ve Tev\u00e7oj rayonlar\u0131na 10-20 km mesafede bulunan Krasnodar kenti hastaneleri,s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Adige ya da de\u011fil, Adigeyli a\u011f\u0131r hastalar\u0131 bile, kray d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelme yabanc\u0131lar say\u0131p zaman zaman kabul etmemekte, acil durumlarda bile, 200 km uzakl\u0131ktaki Maykop hastanelerini adres olarak g\u00f6stermekte ya da y\u00fcksek \u00fccret talep etmekte;ayr\u0131ca ticari, vb gibi ekonomik ve ticari engeller \u00a0konulabilmektedir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar AC’nin Krasnodar Kray\u2019a eklenmesi isteklerini \u00f6zendirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (Bu arada eski AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hazret \u015e’ovmen\u2019in, kendi ki\u015fisel paras\u0131yla Krasnodar kenti yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Af\u0131ps\u0131p beldesinde bir t\u0131p merkezi ve hastane yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131,ard\u0131ndan bunu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\u00a0 b\u00f6ylece \u00a0bir rahatlama sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.) Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki ihmaller: AC\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu ve yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir ki\u015fi, usta bir diplomat ve Ruslarca da desteklenen deneyimli bir y\u00f6netici olan ilk Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Aslan CARIME\u2019<\/strong>nin, AC\u2019nin yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecindeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, ekonomik ve sosyal alanda devam ettiremedi\u011fi ve y\u00f6netiminin de giderek iyice yozla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Ekonomideki reel gerileme, en \u00e7ok da sanayi ve tar\u0131ma yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri para etmez olmu\u015f,sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu kapanm\u0131\u015f, i\u015fsizlik yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, zaten bozuk olan kamu d\u00fczeni de b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn bozulmu\u015f ve su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri patlama yapm\u0131\u015f, halk fakirle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu olumsuz olu\u015fumun bir sonucu olarak, 1989-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, 123 bin 900 ki\u015fi (n\u00fcfusun % 28 kadar\u0131) b\u00f6lgeyi (AC’yi) terk edip sanayi merkezlerine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfus a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Bk. Nart dergisi, say\u0131 36, s. 86). Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde etnik ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve oport\u00fcnizm: AC, Rus yerle\u015fimcilere ayr\u0131ms\u0131z kucak a\u00e7arken, \u00f6te yandan, 1990\u2019larda Maykop\u2019a kadar gelen Stalin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00d6zbek sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ma\u011fduru bir tren dolusu korunmas\u0131z Ah\u0131ska (Mesheti) T\u00fcrk\u00fc<\/strong>, s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n feryatlar\u0131 ve yalvarmalar\u0131 seyredilerek, Maykop tren gar\u0131ndan alelacele ve utan\u00e7 verici bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6nderilebilmi\u015ftir. Yani ortada bir \u00e7ifte standart ve negatif (zay\u0131f\u0131n aleyhine) bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan, sadece \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 Rus ile de\u011fil, onunla i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7indeki \u00e7irkin ve adi (oport\u00fcnist) Adigey b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131 ile de m\u00fccadele edilmelidir.<\/p>\n AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hazret \u015e\u2019ovmen\u2019in b\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcrokratlardan neler \u00e7ekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in veda mesaj\u0131n\u0131 bir okumak yeterlidir (Hazret \u015eovmen’in Veda Mesaj\u0131, internet). Rayonlar ve Etnik Yap\u0131: Tahtamukay rayonu Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda, Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 solunda bulunan Tahtamukay<\/strong> rayonunda (\u0422\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0442\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439; eski ad\u0131 \u201cOktyabrski rayonu\u201d) Rus<\/strong> n\u00fcfus yan\u0131nda, Shapsugh<\/strong> (Yerle\u015fim: Af\u0131ps\u0131p, Pseytuk, Penehes, Ha\u015ftuk), Natuhay (\u041d\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439; 1 yerle\u015fim: Natuhay) ve Bjedughlar<\/strong> (\u0411\u0436\u044a\u044d\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443) da (4 yerle\u015fim: Tahtamukay, Bj\u0131hakoya\u00e7, Bj\u0131hakoyej, Kozet) ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Rayon merkezi Tahtamukay<\/strong> beldesidir . (5 bin 117 n\u00fcf.) Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 440 km. kare, rayon n\u00fcfusu 65 bin 474\u2019t\u00fcr (2002).
\n2002\u2019de, n\u00fcfusun 108 bin 115\u2019i Adige (% 24.18), 288 bin 280\u2019i Rus (% 64. 48), 15 bin 268\u2019i Ermeni (% 3.41), 9 bin 091\u2019i Ukraynal\u0131 (% 2), 3 bin 631\u2019i K\u00fcrt (% 0.8), 2 bin 904\u2019\u00fc Tatar (% 0.7), vd idi. Adige k\u00f6kenli n\u00fcfusun 25 bin kadar\u0131 kentli, gerisi k\u00f6yl\u00fc idi.
\nRus say\u0131s\u0131, Adige say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2.6 kat\u0131 olarak bildiriliyor ise de, bu n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve konuksever bir b\u00f6lge olarak \u00fcnlenmi\u015f olan \u00a0Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne (AC) sa\u011fl\u0131k ve huzur i\u00e7inde bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek \u00fczere,buray\u0131 se\u00e7en, ba\u015fka yerlerden g\u00f6nderilip yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Rus olan hasta ve emeklilerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u201ckonuk\u201d n\u00fcfus say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, temelde, birer ana kitle olarak, siyasal bir \u201cetnik Adige\u201d ve bir \u201cAdigeyli Rus n\u00fcfusu\u201d dengesi vard\u0131r.
\nRus kolonizasyon siyasetinin kesintisiz s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, Rus n\u00fcfus, yine de artmayan, yani 1989\u2019da 293 bin 640 (% 68) iken, 2002\u2019de 288 bin 280 (% 64.5)\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fen; Adige n\u00fcfus ise, az da olsa artan, 1989\u2019da 95 bin 439 (% 22.1) iken, 2002\u2019de 108 bin 115 (% 24.2) olan bir n\u00fcfustur. S\u00f6z konusu 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde Adige n\u00fcfusu %13, 3 artarken, Rus n\u00fcfusu ise % 1,8 oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nA\u00d6O, Maykop kenti ile iki rayonu (Giaginski ve Maykop) i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, A\u00d6O\u2019ndaki Adige oran\u0131 da\u00a0 % 40\u2019lardan % 20\u2019lere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc:1926\u2019da % 44.8; 1939\u2019da %22.8 (55 bin 048), 1970\u2019de % 21.1 (81 bin 478), 1989\u2019da % 22.1 (95 bin 439), 2002\u2019de de % 24.2 (108 bin 115). Rus n\u00fcfus ise uzun bir sure % 70\u2019ler d\u00fczeyinde (1939\u2019da % 71.1; 1970\u2019de % 71.7) seyrettikten sonra, 1989\u2019da % 68\u2019e, 2002\u2019de de % 64.48\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.
\nA\u00d6O, M.Gorba\u00e7ov<\/strong> y\u00f6netiminin deste\u011fiyle, 5 Ekim 1990\u2019da, Adige Halk Kongresi<\/strong> ve yerel parlamentolar\u0131n da olurlar\u0131yla 5 Ekim 1990\u2019da cumhuriyet kurma karar\u0131 ald\u0131 ve 3 Temmuz 1991\u2019de de Moskova\u2019n\u0131n (RSFSC Parlamentosu) oluru ile resmen bir \u00f6zerk cumhuriyet oldu.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u00c7ok eski Adige atalar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin 3 bin 300 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019<\/strong>nda bir Meot (Adige) yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulundu\u011fu gibi, M. \u00d6. V-IV. y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki Adige atalar\u0131 olan Sind ve Meotlar\u2019\u0131n da alfabe ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131<\/strong> (bk. Adigey, Vikipedi \u00d6zg\u00fcr Ansiklopedi). Adige uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kentsel ya\u015fam\u0131 ve Adige kent devletlerinin (Sind, Meot, Kerket, vb), M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fck darbeler ald\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Meot topraklar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kurakl\u0131k ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu\u011fday \u00fcretiminin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sulama tekni\u011finin geli\u015fmesiyle de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bu\u011fday \u00fcretiminin patlama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ucuz M\u0131s\u0131r bu\u011fday\u0131n\u0131n Akdeniz bu\u011fday ticaretini ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi biliniyor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Adige (Meot) ekonomisi \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc<\/strong> ve savunma giderleri kar\u015f\u0131lanamaz oldu. Bu da, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na (\u0130skit, Sarmat, Alan, Hun, vb) elveri\u015fli bir durum yaratt\u0131. Ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmeyen ya\u011fmac\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Adigeler \u00a0kentleri terk etmek ve da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kald\u0131lar.
\nBirbirini izleyen \u0130skit, Sarmat, Alan, Got ve \u00f6zellikle de Hun sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu Adige kentleri, k\u0131y\u0131 ticareti ve Adige yaz\u0131l\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 (yaz\u0131y\u0131 da yaratan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temeli olan kentsel ya\u015fam), yani \u00a0Adige (Meot) uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/strong>; da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan ve y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l oralarda \u00a0savunma durumunda kalan Adigeler de, do\u011fal olarak yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdiler (Yaz\u0131, kentsel ya\u015fam ve geli\u015fmi\u015f bir ticaret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bir olgudur). Ancak eski k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini, kent uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyinden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f de olsa, Adige k\u00f6y topluluk gelenekleri bi\u00e7iminde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi ve yenileyerek korumay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar ama \u015fimdilerde asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 ve \u00a0teknoloji (globalizm) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7mazlar\u0131 ile de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar.
\nAdige Meotlar\u0131n tarihi hen\u00fcz yeterince ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir, bu alanda bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n, arkeologlar\u0131n\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Meotlarda, \u00e7o\u011fu toplumun aksine, sald\u0131rgan ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 de\u011fil, savunma \u00fczerine kurulu bir askeri strateji ve maa\u015fl\u0131 askerler bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Geni\u015flemeci bir strateji izlemeyen Meotlar, bu y\u00fczden, ba\u015fka toplumlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irip g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeyi,yani sald\u0131rgan ve zalimce politikalar\u0131 \u00a0benimseyemiyor olmal\u0131yd\u0131lar. Ayr\u0131ca kent devletlerinin \u00a0birle\u015ftirilmeleri, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe topluluklar\u0131n ya\u011fmac\u0131 ama\u00e7larla ge\u00e7ici birle\u015fmeleri olaylar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi kolay bir \u015fey de\u011fildi (Birle\u015fme Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 bile tam sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Adigelerin yerle\u015fik,kimi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z k\u00f6y topluluklar\u0131 sistemi,yap\u0131s\u0131,ekonomik nedenlerle birle\u015fmeyi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir y\u00f6re, ba\u015fka y\u00f6relerden gelecek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 n\u00fcfusu uzun s\u00fcre besleyecek kaynaklardan yoksundu. Adigeler \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f anlamda bir merkezi devlet olu\u015fturamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131).
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan Adige-Meotlar, M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin s\u00fcren bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f oldular. \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecine kar\u015f\u0131n Adigelerin ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131, yine de sa\u011flam gelenekleri ve da\u011flar\u0131 sayesinde olmu\u015ftur (Adige Meot gelene\u011fi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca bk. Asker Hade\u011fal, “Nartlar”, Jineps gaz., say\u0131 20-27;ayr\u0131ca bk. Sindika, vikipedi, internet).
\nMeotlar d\u00f6neminde Adigeler aras\u0131nda \u015fiir, masal, \u015fark\u0131 ve destan gibi s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131lar, \u00f6zellikle de Nart kahramanl\u0131k destanlar\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131.\u00d6rne\u011fin Adige Nart destan\u0131nda M\u0131v\u0131t\u2019 (\u041c\u044b\u0443\u04421), C\u0131rt, \u00c7\u0131t, \u00c7\u0131nt (Sind) gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fckler s\u0131k s\u0131k ge\u00e7mektedir (bk. Nart destanlar\u0131, vikipedi, internet).<\/p>\n
\nEkonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ve gerileme s\u00fcreci i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f olan Adigelere y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6\u00e7ebe sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 da do\u011fal olarak iyice yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fczel, yetenekli ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan Adige k\u0131zlar\u0131 ile yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve y\u00fcrekli Adige delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 esir pazarlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck para ediyor ve aran\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
\nO s\u0131ralar Adigeler politeist (\u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131) bir inanca sahiptiler, Tha<\/strong> ya da Tha\u015fho’ya (\u0422\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0448\u0445\u043e) ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6k, yer ve su tanr\u0131lar\u0131na inan\u0131yorlard\u0131 (bk. \u00c7erkesya’da de\u011fi\u015fik dinlerle ili\u015fkili yer adlar\u0131, internet).<\/p>\n\n
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak Eski \u00c7erkesya, siyasal anlamda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oldu. Bat\u0131da Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u201c\u00c7erkesya\u201d<\/strong> ve do\u011fuda da Rusya ile bir dayan\u0131\u015fma ve birliktelik i\u00e7inde olan \u201cKabardiya\u201d<\/strong> (ya da Do\u011fu \u00c7erkesya). D\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck derebeyi ailesi (p\u015f\u0131) ve bunlar\u0131n vasallar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Kabardiya 1739 Belgrad Anla\u015fmas\u0131na de\u011fin, siyasal anlamda Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131 ve bu tarihte ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k elde etti. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kabardey b\u00f6lgelerine, Osmanl\u0131lar ile Ruslar aras\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z b\u00f6lge stat\u00fcleri verildi.
\n1774\u2019te Kabardiya<\/strong> ve Osetya<\/strong>, 1783\u2019te de K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak Rusya\u2019ya ilhak edildi, ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu G\u00fcrcistan da Rus korumas\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi. <\/strong>B\u00f6ylece Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00c7erkesya, 1783’te Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 boyunca Ruslarca karadan ku\u015fatma i\u00e7ine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu. \u0130ki y\u0131l \u00f6nce, \u00c7erkesleri desteklemek, Rus yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak ve K\u0131r\u0131m’\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131lar 1781-1783 \u00a0y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7erkesya’da Frans\u0131z m\u00fchendislerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla Anapa Kalesini<\/strong> kurmu\u015flard\u0131. Ancak Anapa,1787-1792 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 22 Haziran 1791\u2019de Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti (Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Ashad \u00c7\u2019\u0131r\u011f, Tehlike Kuzeyden Geliyordu, internet). Anapa 1792 Ya\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 <\/strong>gere\u011fince Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131lara geri verildi.
\nRus yay\u0131lmas\u0131 durdurulamad\u0131. Rusya 1801’de Do\u011fu G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131 (Kartl\u0131 ve Kaheti Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131) ilhak etti<\/strong>. 1806-1812 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda da Ruslar, Osmanl\u0131 korumas\u0131ndaki \u0130mereti<\/strong> Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 (Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan) ve Mingrelya Prensli\u011fi\u2019ni<\/strong> istila ederek ilhak ettiler. Bu arada Osmanl\u0131 korumas\u0131ndaki Abhaz Prensli\u011fi <\/strong>ise,saf de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Rus korumas\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi, Abhaz Prensi de din de\u011fi\u015ftirerek Rus Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan mezhebini benimsedi. Abhazya, okrug (il\u00e7e) stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bir feodal prenslik olarak, 1810’da Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011fland\u0131<\/strong> (feodal ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 olan bu Abhaz Prensli\u011fi, 1861\u2019de Rusya\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan,feodal ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 ve serfli\u011fi-toprak k\u00f6leli\u011fini \u00a0kald\u0131ran demokratik reform program\u0131 gere\u011fince, biraz gecikmeli de olsa, 1864\u2019te la\u011fvedilecek ve Kutaisi iline ba\u011fl\u0131 Sohum okrugu haline getirilecekti. Bu geli\u015fme Abaza soylular\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ho\u015fnutsuzluk ve ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131lara da yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131).
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bu olu\u015fumlar 1812 B\u00fckre\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile Osmanl\u0131larca da resmen tan\u0131nd\u0131 ve kal\u0131c\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Kuzeyde Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131ndan g\u00fcneyde Bz\u0131b Irma\u011f\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131na (Pitsunda’ya) kadar uzanan yerler Osmanl\u0131lara, Bz\u0131b Irma\u011f\u0131ndan daha g\u00fcneydeki Rioni Irma\u011f\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131na (Poti’ye) de\u011fin uzanan Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 da (Abhaz Prensli\u011fi topraklar\u0131 da dahil) Ruslara b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\nSava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan Anapa Kalesi, 1812 B\u00fckre\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fince Osmanl\u0131lara geri verildi. \u00d6te yandan Ruslar \u0130ran ile de sava\u015ft\u0131lar, 1813 G\u00fclistan Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile \u0130ran, Da\u011f\u0131stan ve \u015fimdiki Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kuzey kesimi \u00fczerinde Rus egemenli\u011fini tan\u0131d\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Ruslar, Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yay\u0131lmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan hukuki alt yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve diplomatik kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmakta, Kuzey Kakasya halklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ska\u00e7 i\u00e7ine almaktayd\u0131lar.
\nAnapa’n\u0131n 1792 ve 1812’de,Ruslarca Osmanl\u0131lara geri verilmi\u015f, \u00c7erkesya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 denetiminin de tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, ku\u015fkusuz Ruslar\u0131n, \u00c7erkesya’y\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile ili\u015fkilendirip ileride ele ge\u00e7irme planlar\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fiydi.Kurnazca ve ustaca bir taktikti. Ruslar\u0131n 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k yay\u0131lma planlar\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re \u00c7erkesya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeydi ve haritalarda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke olarak g\u00f6steriliyordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn birtak\u0131m antla\u015fmalarla sakatlanmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. 1828’de Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 her cephede ezip ge\u00e7en Ruslar, 1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> sonucu, hedeflerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldular.
\n1829\u2019da Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile, Osmanl\u0131lar \u00c7erkesya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekildiler ve k\u0131y\u0131 denetimini resmen Ruslara devrettiler. <\/strong>B\u00f6ylece, Adigeler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir diplomasi oyununun kurban\u0131 olduklar\u0131 gibi, karadan ve denizden tam bir Rus ku\u015fatma ve ablukas\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldular<\/strong>. Art\u0131k Adigeler nefes alamaz, ge\u00e7erli bir hukuki tutamak ve yasal dost bulma olana\u011f\u0131ndan yoksun duruma d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdi (\u00c7erkeslere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f olan bu haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, Karl Marks<\/strong> ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6nemin ilerici demokrat ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flar, ancak etkili olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131).<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nEk olarak, M\u00fcttefikler,once \u00a0Kafkasya’y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler,ama oras\u0131n\u0131 elde tutman\u0131n, oray\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmekten de daha zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f ve Kafkasya’y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmekten vazge\u00e7mi\u015flerdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kafkasya, T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 yoluyla a\u00e7\u0131k denizlere kapal\u0131 olan bir i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeydi, ayr\u0131ca Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu (G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Ermeni, Azeri ve baz\u0131 Kuzey Kafkasya topluluklar\u0131) Ruslarla bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131.
\nYanl\u0131\u015f bir strateji olarak, Osmanl\u0131lar Kafkasya’y\u0131 Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinden i\u015fgal etmeyi denediler, ama oralardaki batakl\u0131klara sapland\u0131lar ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131lar, Kafkasya\u2019da Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 yenen ve \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ilerlemeye ba\u015flayan Ruslar ise, sonunda stratejik Kars Kalesini<\/strong> \u00a0teslim ald\u0131lar. Bu a\u011f\u0131r Osmanl\u0131 yenilgisini telafi etmek ve Ruslar\u0131 bar\u0131\u015fa zorlamak i\u00e7in M\u00fcttefikler, nihayet 1855 sonbahar\u0131nda \u015fimdiki Anapa ve Novorossiysk y\u00f6relerine gecikmi\u015f bir askeri \u00e7\u0131kartma yapt\u0131lar ve \u201c\u00c7erkesya Valisi\u201d Seferbey Zaneko\u2019yu da destekleyici bir jest de bulundular ve Ruslar\u0131 \u015fimdiki Krasnodar kentine do\u011fru geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Ancak aradan \u00e7ok fazla bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7meden ate\u015fkes imzaland\u0131 ve sava\u015f sona erdi.Adigeler yine yaln\u0131z idiler.
\n1856’da Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile her iki taraf \u00a0(M\u00fcttefikler ve Ruslar) sava\u015fta ele ge\u00e7irdikleri \u00a0yerleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak geri verdiler. Bu arada \u00c7erkesya\u2019daki M\u00fcttefik askerleri de, bar\u0131\u015f gere\u011fince \u00fclkelerine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler.
\nAntla\u015fma gere\u011fince Karadeniz Rus sava\u015f gemilerinden ve donanma \u00fcslerinden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7erkesya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, mevcut 1829 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmad\u0131,\u00c7erkesya bir Rus “topra\u011f\u0131” olarak kald\u0131.
\nM\u00fcttefikler, K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresince Adigeleri ve \u015eamil’i, s\u00fcvari birlikleri olu\u015fturarak Rus m\u00fcstahkem hatlar\u0131na sald\u0131rmaya, K\u0131r\u0131m ve Sivastopol \u00fczerine \u00a0y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlar, ama bu birimleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletler olarak tan\u0131maya yana\u015fm\u0131yor,top\u00e7u e\u011fitimi,top ve modern silahlar verme gibi \u00a0ciddi yard\u0131mlarda bulunmuyor,ama olmayacak \u015feyleri istiyor ve atlatma yollar\u0131na gidiyorlard\u0131.M\u00fcttefikler k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7l\u0131 Adige birliklerini Rus top\u00e7ular\u0131na sald\u0131rtmaya kalk\u0131\u015fmak gibisine insafs\u0131z isteklerde bulunuyorlard\u0131.
\nSava\u015f sonu serbest kalan Rus birlikleri \u00f6nce \u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019<\/strong>in \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler, \u015eamil ve \u00c7erkesya\u2019daki naibi Muhammed Emin<\/strong> 1859\u2019da, birer anla\u015fma ile Ruslara teslim oldular ve Ruslarca maa\u015fa ba\u011fland\u0131lar. Art\u0131k s\u0131ra Adigelere gelmi\u015fti. Ruslar Adigelerin bir anla\u015fmaya yana\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, dahas\u0131 teslim olmalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, bulunduklar\u0131 yerleri bo\u015faltmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmelerini istiyorlard\u0131 (Sivastopol yenilgisinin h\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131, M\u00fcttefiklere dolayl\u0131 yard\u0131m sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan Adigelerden \u00e7\u0131karmak istiyorlard\u0131). 300 bin mevcutlu koca Rus Ordusu, say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla 1 milyona do\u011fru d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00a0sava\u015f yorgunu Adigelerin \u00fczerine \u00e7ulland\u0131 (1859).<\/p>\n
\nAncak Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca uzanan da\u011flar\u0131n orta \u00fcst vadilerinde ya\u015fayan ve tamamen ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan izole (tecrit) edilmi\u015f bir durumda bulunan Hak\u2019u\u00e7lar<\/strong>\u0131n (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0443\u0446\u0443) ve onlara kat\u0131lan baz\u0131 Adigelerin direni\u015fi, bir y\u0131l sonra, 1865\u2019te bile s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Nitekim, Haziran 1865\u2019te say\u0131lar\u0131 8-9 bin olarak Rus askeri makamlar\u0131nca rapor edilen ve sert bir direni\u015fte bulunan Hak\u2019u\u00e7lar, 1865 y\u0131l\u0131 sonbahar\u0131nda, Rus askeri birliklerince daralt\u0131lan bir \u00e7ember i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131lar ve 80 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanan bir tenkil (bast\u0131rma) harekat\u0131 sonunda da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta yok edildiler, ama 1870\u2019li y\u0131llara de\u011fin, Rus birlikleri, yine de, ara ara baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hak\u2019u\u00e7 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabiliyorlard\u0131 (bk. T. V. Polovinkina, \u00c7erkesya G\u00f6n\u00fcl Yaram, Ankara, 2007, s. 281-288; Jineps, Eyl\u00fcl-Ek 1; ayr\u0131ca Vikipedi-\u201c Adigey\u201d, \u201cHak\u2019u\u00e7\u201d, \u201c\u015eahe\u201d, \u201cAibga\u201d, internet).
\nHak\u2019u\u00e7 direni\u015fi ve korku y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Ruslar\u0131n \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fmeleri (kolonizasyonu), en az 15-20 y\u0131l gecikmi\u015f, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir iklimi bulunan bu b\u00f6lgede \u00a0do\u011fa vah\u015file\u015fmi\u015f ve eski ekili tarlalar\u0131n yerleri saptanamaz olmu\u015ftur. Yani \u00c7erkesya topra\u011f\u0131 kolonizat\u00f6rleri hi\u00e7 de “dost\u00e7a” kar\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (1992\u2019de, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i\u2019de bana anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, s\u0131k s\u0131k So\u00e7i\u2019den havalanan helikopterler, hala, g\u00fczel manzaral\u0131 yerleri ve eski ekili alanlar\u0131 havadan saptamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, saptanan yerler de, hemen yeni siteler olu\u015fturularak Rus yerle\u015fimcilere tahsis edilmektedir.)<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nKuzeyde Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p g\u00fcneyde, 1896\u2019da Kutaisi oblast\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Sohum okruguna eklenen (Gagra y\u00f6resi),\u015fimdi Abhazya\u2019da bulunan \u00a0ve Bz\u0131b Irma\u011f\u0131na (Pitsunda\u2019ya) de\u011fin uzanan \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ve Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 havzas\u0131nda ya\u015famakta olan Adigelerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, ya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da insan kasaplar\u0131n\u0131n elinde ya da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yollar\u0131nda can vermi\u015ftir<\/strong>. \u00c7erkesya’n\u0131n 1861 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Ruslarca i\u015fgal edilen kesimi, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle (Gagra y\u00f6resi de dahil) insans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve “Kuban Rus Ordusu Y\u00f6netimi B\u00f6lgesi”<\/strong> i\u00e7ine al\u0131narak uzunca bir sure sivil yerle\u015fime kapal\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftur (1783’te Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 kuzeyinde de ayn\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, buradaki Nogay ve Adigelere soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn uygulanm\u0131\u015f, buralar\u0131 da 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle sivil yerle\u015fime kapal\u0131 tutulmu\u015f, direnen yerli kal\u0131nt\u0131lar yok edilmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan da Kazak yerle\u015fimine tahsis edilmi\u015fti. Bkz. Ashad \u00c7\u2019\u0131r\u011f, Tehlike Kuzeyden Geliyordu, <\/strong>internet.)
\n1864\u2019teki 2 milyonluk Adige n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f ve g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunda yok oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir (Bu arada baz\u0131 Rus yazarlar\u0131 ile yerli i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerinin, Adigelerin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kasten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00f6stermeye ve Ruslara ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 da bilinmelidir). Adigelerden bo\u015falt\u0131lan yerler Rus n\u00fcfusun yerle\u015fimine tahsis edildi.
\nOrta Kuban ve Orta Laba solundaki (yani \u015ehagua\u015fe Irma\u011f\u0131 ile Laba Irma\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki) s\u0131tma yata\u011f\u0131 ve batakl\u0131k yerlerde ya\u015fayan 80 bin (1864) ya da 51 bin (1865) Adige’nin, genel n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1897’de en az\u0131ndan 200 bine y\u00fckselmesi beklenebilirdi. O zamanlar Adigeler do\u011furgan ve \u00e7ok \u00e7ocukluydular. Ancak say\u0131, yeni g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmeler nedeniyle, 200 bine y\u00fckselecek yerde 30 bine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmemi\u015f olan Adigelere de ikinci bir etnik temizlik<\/strong> uygulanarak, planl\u0131 olarak ve a\u015fama a\u015fama yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na, T\u00fcrkiye’ye gitmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n1897\u2019de Batalpa\u015finsk (\u015eerceskale\/\u00c7erkessk) y\u00f6resinde 13 bin \u00c7erkes (Adige) ve 12 bin 500 Abaza (Abazin), Kabardiya\u2019da da, 100 bin dolay\u0131nda (98 bin 500) bir Adige (Kabardey) n\u00fcfus bulundu\u011funu da belirtmeliyiz (Bu durumda, 1897\u2019de Kafkasya\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn Adigelerin say\u0131s\u0131 ancak 150 bin kadard\u0131). Adigece\u2019de “Deli hele bir pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmeye” <\/strong>(\u0414\u044d\u0439\u043b\u044d\u043c \u0435\u0440\u044b\u0449\u044d\u0443 \u0443\u0435\u0440\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04481) diye bir deyim vard\u0131r. Rus y\u00f6neticiler de, neredeyse her \u015feyi b\u0131rak\u0131p bir avu\u00e7 Adige ile u\u011fra\u015fmay\u0131 ‘meslek’ edinmi\u015flerdi.
\n\u00c7erkesya’n\u0131n iskan\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kuban oblast\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen Adige ailelerine 7 desyatin (70 d\u00f6n\u00fcm kadar), Rus yerle\u015fimcilere ise 33 desyatin (330 d\u00f6n\u00fcm \u00fczeri) toprak veriliyordu (Kadircan Kafl\u0131,\u015eimali Kafkasya). Bu nedenle bir\u00e7ok Adige ailesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretle ya da bo\u011faz toklu\u011funa Kazaklar\u0131n i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Ancak bir\u00e7ok enerjik Adige ailesi de, imece dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yoluyla batakl\u0131klar\u0131 kurutarak topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeyi de ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n(1864\u2019te, Kuban ve Laba solunda ve Batalpa\u015finsk (\u015eerceskale\/\u0428\u044d\u0440\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0441\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043b\u044d) y\u00f6resinde ya\u015fayan Adigeler, 1864 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanm\u0131\u015f olmasalard\u0131, Kabardiya Kabardeyleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda,\u015fimdiki terminolojiyle Adige-\u00c7erkes-Shapsugh ve Abaza say\u0131s\u0131, 2002\u2019deki\u00a0 240 bin n\u00fcfus yerine, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla, yeniden 1 milyonu bulabilecekti. Say\u0131 Kabardeylerle birlikte 1. 8 milyona yakla\u015facak, eski \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n Kara\u00e7ay, Balkar vd Adige k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc karde\u015f topluluklarla birlikte say\u0131, 2 milyonu a\u015fm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131 (Bunu hesaplayan Ruslar, 100 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden \u00f6nlemlerini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Konunun uzmanlar\u0131nca daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve derinli\u011fine incelenmesinde yarar vard\u0131r). Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc (2002\u2019deki) toplam Adige say\u0131s\u0131 720 bin, di\u011fer karde\u015f topluluklarla -Abaza, Kara\u00e7ay, Balkar- birlikte 1, 1 milyon dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r (B\u00fct\u00fcn Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n RF’ndaki toplam say\u0131s\u0131 da 6 milyon dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r). Buna g\u00f6re, 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc bittikten sonraki Adige n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131 ise, zamana yay\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, en az 1 milyondur).<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nBu ba\u015far\u0131 ve geli\u015fme \u00fczerine,gerici Kuban oblast\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri, Adigelerin yeniden toparlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem almay\u0131 ve tar\u0131ma kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f verimli topraklar\u0131 el koyarak almay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Tarih\u00e7i T. V. Polovinkina<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclerek Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 boylar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan bu Adigeler (Shapsugh, Wub\u0131h, Abzegh, vb), \u00f6nceleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etme yanl\u0131s\u0131 da de\u011fildiler. Ancak \u00fcst y\u00f6netim bu insanlara Kazak paramiliterlerini \u201cmusallat\u201d etti, <\/strong>dahas\u0131 bu ki\u015filerce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Rus cesetleri bile, Adige k\u00f6y s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine at\u0131l\u0131p cinayetlerden Adigeler sorumlu tutulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\nSonunda Orta Laba y\u00f6resine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan demokratik yap\u0131l\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz ve korunmas\u0131z Abzegh ve Shapsughlara y\u00f6nelik ikinci bir etnik temizlik karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Kas\u0131m 1889\u2019da, Laba k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ve Maykop il\u00e7esinde (otdel) yerle\u015fik 24 bin Adige\u2019nin (Adige n\u00fcfusun yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n) 230 bin desyatin (yakla\u015f\u0131k 2, 5 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm) tutar\u0131ndaki topra\u011f\u0131na el konulmas\u0131na, bunlar\u0131n birka\u00e7 a\u015famada T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmelerine, el konulan topraklar\u0131n emekli Rus askerlerine ve Kazaklara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir Rus H\u00fck\u00fcmet karar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokuldu (Ali Kasumov-Hasan Kasumov, \u00c7erkes Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, s. 294-298)<\/strong>. G\u00f6\u00e7 sonras\u0131, Orta Laba y\u00f6resinde ya da Kafkasya\u2019da sadece bir tek Abzegh k\u00f6y\u00fc<\/strong> (Hakurnehabl)<\/strong> kald\u0131. Orta Kuban y\u00f6resinde de iki ya da \u00fc\u00e7 Shapsugh k\u00f6y\u00fc<\/strong> (\u015fimdi 4 k\u00f6y) kald\u0131. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda da, sonralar\u0131 (1870-80\u2019lerde) Kuban oblast\u0131ndan d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olan Adigelerce kurulan birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Shapsugh k\u00f6y\u00fc (\u015fimdi 14 k\u00f6y) olu\u015ftu (Karadeniz guberniya’daki
\n-ilindeki- Shapsugh n\u00fcfusu 1897’de 1.939 idi; \u015fimdi 12 bin), Wub\u0131h k\u00f6y\u00fc ise hi\u00e7 kalmad\u0131. Wub\u0131hlar di\u011fer Adige k\u00f6ylerine da\u011f\u0131larak yerle\u015ftiler ya da ikinci kez, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7lere kat\u0131ld\u0131lar Wub\u0131hlar, 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcnden \u00f6nce, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e-So\u00e7i- merkezli bir y\u00f6rede ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu arada Wub\u0131hlar\u0131n g\u00fcney kom\u015fular\u0131 olan Ciget, Ah\u00e7\u0131ps\u0131, Aibga ve Pshular ise tamamen silindiler.
\nOrta Kuban ve Orta Laba solundaki yar\u0131 feodal topluluklar (Bjedugh, K\u2019emguy ve Kuban Kabardeyleri, vd) ise, o yerlerin daha eski yerle\u015fikleri olduklar\u0131, belki de kendi derebeylerinin (p\u015f\u0131) Rus makamlar\u0131yla \u201ciyi ili\u015fkiler\u201d kurmu\u015f olmalar\u0131 sonucu, ekonomik ve demografik varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, daha fazla koruyabilmi\u015flerdir.
\n1864 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 izleyen \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7ler\u201d sonucu, Kubanl\u0131 Adigelerin n\u00fcfusu gibi, tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131 da azald\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Adigelerin elinden al\u0131nd\u0131 (1920\u2019lerde, \u015fimdiki Adige, Shapsugh, Abaza ve \u201c\u00c7erkeslerin\u201d elinde fiilen 1. 400-2000 km. kare ya da 1, 4 ile 2 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm kadar tahmin edilebilecek bir arazi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: eski \u00c7erkesya topraklar\u0131n\u0131n % 2\u2019si kadar\u0131).<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nBir ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131dan Kafkasya\u2019daki bu 80 bin \u00a0(Bkz. Dr. Almir Abreg, \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Kafkaslar\u0131n Trajedisi\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 2006, s. 43) ya da 51 bin Adige n\u00fcfusu (Samir Hatko), 1864\u2019ten 2002\u2019ye uzayan 138 y\u0131ll\u0131k uzun bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te, en az\u0131ndan 1 milyon olacak yerde, 140 binde kalm\u0131\u015f ve sadece 1. 5-2 kat kadar artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oysa ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde say\u0131lar\u0131 40 bin olan Kabardeyler (13 kat) ve 10 bin olan Balkarlar -1944 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc trajedisine kar\u015f\u0131n- (11 kat) 10 kat\u0131n \u00fczerinde artm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1897 y\u0131l\u0131 ile 2002 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, yani 105 y\u0131lda ise, Adige n\u00fcfusu 4. 6 kat artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 30 binden 140 bine (128 bin Adige+ 12 bin Shapsugh).
\n2002\u2019de, RF i\u00e7indeki 128. 528 Adige (AC) ve 12 bin Shapsugh n\u00fcfusuna, 519 bin 958 Kabardey (KBC) ve 60 bin 517 \u00c7erkes (K\u00c7C) n\u00fcfusu da eklendi\u011finde 720 bin dolay\u0131nda bir rakam elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u00d6te yandan Adigelerin Alman i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 verilen sava\u015fta, en az\u0131ndan 15 bin kay\u0131p verdikleri de bilinmektedir, ki bu da, o zamanki erkek n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131dan \u00e7o\u011fu (bk. Kafda\u011f\u0131 dergisi, Ankara, 1991, say\u0131 49-50, s. 27) ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir halk i\u00e7in katliam boyutunda bir y\u0131k\u0131m demektir. Slaviyanlar Birli\u011fi <\/strong>mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n kulaklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131nlas\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck Adigey, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda koca cumhuriyet ve kraylar\u0131 a\u015facak say\u0131da SSCB kahraman\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBu arada toplu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, tutuklama ve politik infazlar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu ve bunlar\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mlar da unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. (Sadece bir \u00f6rnek: Stalin d\u00f6neminde, \u015eovgenovski rayonunda, yani Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na 150-200 km uzakta olan ve topu topu 50 bin kadar bir Adige n\u00fcfusu bulunan \u201cAdige \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ilhak etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak\u201d gibi bir \u201cgerek\u00e7eyle\u201d \u00e7ok say\u0131da e\u011fitimli gen\u00e7 y\u00f6netici idam edilmi\u015ftir.)
\nDaha sonra, 1959\u2019dan 2002\u2019ye de\u011fin, yani 43 y\u0131lda, Adigey\u2019in Adige n\u00fcfusu, 65 bin 908 \u2018den 108 bin 115\u2019e ula\u015fabilmi\u015ftir: % 64<\/strong> art\u0131\u015f<\/strong>. Oysa ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Balkar n\u00fcfusu 34 bin 088\u2019den 104 bin 951\u2019e (% 208 art\u0131\u015f<\/strong>), Kara\u00e7ay n\u00fcfusu 67 bin 830\u2019dan 169 bin 198\u2019e (% 149 art\u0131\u015f<\/strong>), Kabardey n\u00fcfusu da 190 bin 284\u2019ten 498 bin 702\u2019ye (% 162 art\u0131\u015f<\/strong>) y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. (Bu da Adige halk\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r travmalar\u0131 hala atlatamam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.)<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nDurumu, daha 1988\u2019de, \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Yitzak \u015eAM\u0130R<\/strong>\u2019den bize aktaran da, \u015eamir\u2019in partisinden \u0130srail \u00a0Kfar-Kama Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong> Yahya NEPSEV<\/strong> idi (Daha \u00e7ok bilgi i\u00e7in bk. Jineps gazetesi, say\u0131 19).<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nAncak Adigeler ve Adigeleri destekleyen Adigeyli Rus n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, ancak bir bela \u00fcretebilecek olan bu tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmedi. (Referandumlar \u00e7o\u011fu kez g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131labilen tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 oylamalard\u0131r; bu arada, bir halk\u0131n gelece\u011fine ili\u015fkin olarak ve o halk\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 elinden almaya y\u00f6nelik negatif bir oylama yapmak; bir halk\u0131n gelece\u011fine ve devletine ili\u015fkin bir oylamaya, o halktan olmayanlar\u0131n da kat\u0131lmalar\u0131, bu t\u00fcr sak\u0131ncal\u0131 bir oylama asla adil ve demokratik bir oylama olamaz; sadece negatif bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k olur. B\u00f6ylesine sakat bir yol izlendi\u011fi takdirde, hi\u00e7bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yery\u00fcz\u00fc halk\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremez.)<\/p>\n
\n21 May\u0131s 2006\u2019da toplanan Adige Halk Kongresi<\/strong>\u00a0 Adige halk\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 kesin bir g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan bir anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u00d6te yandan Ah\u0131ska (Mesheti) T\u00fcrklerine<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n kedi tavr\u0131<\/strong> sergileyebilen AC y\u00f6netimi, Rus yerle\u015fimciler s\u00f6zkonusu oldu\u011funda<\/strong> ise, uysal kuzuya<\/strong> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febiliyordu. Bu da AC\u2019yi i\u015flevsiz (g\u00fcd\u00fck) ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i (kukla) bir \u2018kurulu\u015fa\u2019 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan y\u00f6neticilere g\u00fcven (\u0446\u044b\u0445\u044c\u044d) iyice zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nitekim 1992\u2019de Krasnodar\u2019a kom\u015fu Tahtamukay\u2019da bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcye, \u201cAC\u2019nin kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 size ne gibi bir yarar sa\u011flad\u0131?\u201d<\/strong> (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u044d\u043c \u0441\u044b\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443\u0444\u0438\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a?) diye sordu\u011fumda, \u201cBir yarar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyorduk, ama sadece s\u0131rt\u0131m\u0131zdaki y\u00fck\u00fc daha da artt\u0131rd\u0131\u201d <\/strong>(\u0418\u04481\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u043e\u043d, \u0437\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u0444\u0438\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043d \u04421\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u0430\u0443 \u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c\u044d \u0442\u044d\u043b\u044a \u0445\u044c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u044c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u043e\u043d \u043f\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471 \u0437\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u0444\u0438\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f) yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m (Bu arada1992\u2019de tan\u0131k oldu\u011fum bir olay\u0131 da yans\u0131tmal\u0131y\u0131m: Bir Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, resmi Adigeya Oteli resepsiyonu, Otel\u2019de \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019den otob\u00fcsle gelmi\u015f bir turist kafilesi kal\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7lerinden bir delikanl\u0131 sanc\u0131lan\u0131yor. Kafile ba\u015fkan\u0131 t\u00fcm giderleri kendisine ait olmak \u00fczere, \u00e7ocu\u011fun tedavisi i\u00e7in kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olunmas\u0131n\u0131, bir taksi olsun \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, orta ya\u015fl\u0131 resepsiyon memuresinden rica ediyor. Memure de \u201cBug\u00fcn Cumartesi, hastane, doktor ya da taksi yok, size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olamam\u201d <\/strong>(\u041d\u044d\u043f\u044d \u043c\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e, \u0441\u044b\u043c\u044d\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0449\u0438, \u0430\u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0449\u044b1\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044d\u043f, \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044b\u043f\u0434\u044d1\u044d\u043f\u044b1\u044d\u043d \u0441\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0449\u0442\u044d\u043f) diyerek ricalar\u0131 geri \u00e7eviriyor. Bunun \u00fczerine ya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015fi \u201cPeki k\u0131z\u0131m, bu g\u00fczel gelene\u011fi kimden ald\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d<\/strong> (\u0410\u0434\u044d \u0441\u0438\u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d, \u043c\u044b \u0445\u044d\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044d\u0442\u044b \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a?) diye sorunca da, azarlay\u0131c\u0131 bir ifadeyle, \u201cRus\u2019tan, gavurdan ald\u0131k\u201d<\/strong> (\u0423\u0440\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043c, \u0434\u0436\u0430\u0443\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u04381\u0443\u0438 \u0418\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043a1\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043a\u0443\u043f\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044d \u043b1\u044b\u0436\u044a \u0445\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u044d\u043c 1\u044d\u0435 \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u044d\u043a\u0443\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a) yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu da yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f “sosyalist” sistemin insanlar\u0131 ne hale getirebilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6steriyordu, ayr\u0131ca bu durumu g\u00f6ren insan Kafkasya\u2019ya d\u00f6nmeyi hi\u00e7 ister mi?)
\nBu arada A. Tka\u00e7ev<\/strong>\u2019in Krasnodar Kray\u2019\u0131 valili\u011fi d\u00f6neminde, baz\u0131 olumlu ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin Adigey Devlet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin 10\u2019u a\u015fk\u0131n fak\u00fcltesinin Krasnodar Kray\u2019\u0131n \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i (Lazarevsk), Novorossiysk, Yeysk vd kentlerinde a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verildi\u011fi de s\u00f6ylenmektedir.
\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir cumhuriyetin, topu topu 140 bin dolay\u0131nda n\u00fcfuslu bir ulusun, ekonomik anlamda RF\u2019nun en yoksul kenar k\u00f6\u015felerinden birinde bar\u0131nan ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu halen k\u00f6yl\u00fc, \u00e7ift\u00e7i (%78) olan bir toplulu\u011fun, a\u011f\u0131r politik bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve maddi olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde, biri teknoloji \u00fczerine, iki \u00fcniversiteyi ve bir\u00e7ok fak\u00fcltesiyle Tembot K’era\u015f Sosyal Bilimler (Gumanitar) Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fc kurabilmi\u015f, bir\u00e7ok fak\u00fclteyi de s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yayabilmi\u015f, n\u00fcfusuna g\u00f6re bilim adam\u0131 ve ayd\u0131n insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fczeyde \u00e7o\u011faltm\u0131\u015f, sanat ve edebiyat alan\u0131nda da ileri ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015f, Tembot K\u2019era\u015f<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n Adigece yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cMutluluk Yolu\u201d <\/strong>roman\u0131n\u0131n 1948 SSCB Devlet \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019<\/strong>n\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, usta yazar\u0131n kaleminde Adigece\u2019nin geli\u015fkin bir dil<\/strong> oldu\u011funu<\/strong> \u00f6\u011fretmekte ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu olumlu geli\u015fmeler, bize, Adige k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ne denli eski, ileri ve sa\u011flam bir tarihsel temelden kaynaklanmakta oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu ba\u015far\u0131, ku\u015fkusuz, en ba\u015fta, k\u00f6k\u00fc Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na -binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine- de\u011fin uzanan, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygarl\u0131k yaratm\u0131\u015f, kentler ve devletler kumu\u015f olan, o zamanlardan beri ar\u0131narak ve geli\u015ferek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, kirlenmemi\u015f, Adige zekas\u0131n\u0131n ve gelene\u011finin parlak bir ya\u015fam \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan ve Adigelerce korunmu\u015f bulunan Adige dilinin h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay \u00f6\u011frenmeyi sa\u011flayan; \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde bilimsel ve teknik konular\u0131 kavratmaya yatk\u0131n olan dil yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131ndan ve bu sayede Rus\u00e7a’n\u0131n da en iyi bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131labiliyor olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor olmal\u0131d\u0131r ama kendine yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan nice Adige bu ger\u00e7e\u011fin fark\u0131nda bile de\u011fildir; \u015fair bo\u015funa dememi\u015f, \u201cOl mahiler ki derya i\u00e7redirler deryay\u0131 bilmezler\u201d <\/strong>diye. (\u201c\u0410 \u043f\u0446\u044d\u0436\u044a\u044b\u0435\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044b\u043c \u0445\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0445, \u0430\u0443 \u00a0\u0445\u044b\u043c \u0433\u0443 \u043b\u044a\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043f\u201d).
\nAncak, baz\u0131 gerici-sa\u011fc\u0131 Rus \u00e7evreleri, \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Rusya\u201d \u00fctopyas\u0131<\/strong> ve ya\u011fmac\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcleri gere\u011fi, AC\u2019ni \u201cRus bedenine batm\u0131\u015f bir diken\u201d<\/strong> olarak g\u00f6rmekte ve ondan kurtulmak istemektedirler.
\nNitekim Oleg Tsvetkov\u2019<\/strong>un\u00a0 \u201cJineps\u201d <\/strong>gazetesindeki (Ekim 2006) bir yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, 2006\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir toplant\u0131da, Putin<\/strong>\u2019in G\u00fcney Rusya Okrugu temsilcisi Dimitriy<\/strong> Kozak<\/strong>, AC\u2019nin la\u011fvedilerek topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Krasnodar Kray\u2019a kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0131srarla istemi\u015f, AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hazret \u015e\u2019ovmen<\/strong>\u2019in (\u0428\u044a\u044d\u0443\u043c\u044d\u043d \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044d\u0442) kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, Putin\u2019in ise \u015e\u2019ovmen\u2019e destek vermesiyle konunun yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n13 Ocak 2002\u2019de Hazret \u015e\u2019OVMEN\u2019<\/strong>in (\u0428\u044a\u044d\u0443\u043c\u044d\u043d \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044d\u0442) AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesiyle, felaket boyutuna ula\u015fan ekonomik ve toplumsal (etik) \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, zorlukla durdurulabilmi\u015ftir.Ku\u015fkusuz \u015e\u2019ovmen de,Car\u0131me gibi,temelde Rus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun \u00a0oyu sayesinde se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti.
\nBu arada, y\u00f6netim, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, \u00e7o\u011fu emekli ve \u00fcretici olmayan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yerle\u015fimci Rus n\u00fcfusunu (155 bin 400 ki\u015fi) kabul ederek (Age, s. 86), Rus n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlukta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBu yeni olu\u015fumdan \u201cvazife \u00e7\u0131karan\u201d Rus milliyet\u00e7ileri (Slaviyanlar Birli\u011fi) de hemen harekete ge\u00e7ip AC\u2019ni yok etme i\u00e7erikli kampanya ve giri\u015fimlerini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nKu\u015fkusuz \u015furas\u0131 da bilinmelidir: Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni, b\u00f6lgenin etnik kimli\u011fini, siyasi temsil e\u015fitli\u011fini (paritet), Adige dilini ve onu \u00f6\u011frenmeyi benimseyen, Adigelere kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131l\u0131 olan, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacak demokratik d\u00fczenlemelere kar\u015f\u0131 olmayan bir Rus n\u00fcfusu, RF \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde demokrasinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenip oturmas\u0131, Adigey\u2019de de Anayasal garantilerin (derogasyonlar\u0131n) konulmas\u0131 durumunda, sorun olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kabilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin 4 resmi dili olan \u0130svi\u00e7re’de d\u00f6rt dil de tam koruma alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, bir \u00f6\u011frenci kendi anadili d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ikinci bir resmi \u0130svi\u00e7re dilini de okumak zorundad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bir \u0130svi\u00e7reli en az iki dil bilir. RF’nda ise,\u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019deki uygulaman\u0131n tam tersine, bir Rus \u00f6\u011frenci,Rus\u00e7a d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir resmi dili okumak zorunda de\u011fildir, ama herkes \u015fu ya da bu bi\u00e7imde Rus\u00e7a okumak zorundad\u0131r). \u0130svi\u00e7re’de herhangi bir kantonun etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 bozulamaz, bir kantonun dili \u00fczerine ba\u015fka bir dil ge\u00e7irilemez. Kanton meclisi, o kantonun dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, din ya da mezhebini koruma konusunda kat\u0131d\u0131r ve hi\u00e7bir \u00f6d\u00fcn tan\u0131maz. Bu sayede kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu yana \u0130svi\u00e7re’de \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, dil, etnik ya da dini \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma durumlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Ancak RF\u2019nda, 108 bin Adige’nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 AC’ne 155 bin Rus’un yerle\u015ftirilmesi, ard\u0131ndan AC’nin la\u011fv\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n g\u00f6ren bir referanduma gidilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fcst d\u00fczey baz\u0131 Rus yetkililerce desteklenen son derece i\u011fren\u00e7 bir kampanya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 durumu ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun iyi niyetlilikle kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir bir yan\u0131 olabilir mi?
\nDemokratik \u00fclkelerde, RF’ndaki uygulamalar\u0131n tam tersi bir durum vard\u0131r, \u00f6rne\u011fin Yeni Zelanda\u2019<\/strong>da yerli Maori<\/strong> toplulu\u011fu ve dili, say\u0131ya bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n devletin siyasal anlamda e\u015fit hakl\u0131 bir toplulu\u011fu ve n\u00fcfusun % 3 kadar\u0131n\u0131n (100-150 bin) konu\u015ftu\u011fu Maorice<\/strong> de \u0130ngilizce ile birlikte devletin iki resmi dilinden biridir. ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ok etnili Hawaii eyaletinde de yerli Hawaii dili<\/strong>, \u0130ngilizce ile birlikte eyaletin iki resmi dilinden biridir. Devletler art\u0131k asimilasyon politikalar\u0131na son vermekte, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 terk etmekte ve yerli dilleri tan\u0131ma ve b\u00fct\u00fcn dilleri koruma alt\u0131na almaya do\u011fru ad\u0131mlar atmaktad\u0131rlar.\u0130nsani de\u011ferler geli\u015fmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin ABD\u2019nde Barack Obama<\/strong> gibi az\u0131nl\u0131ktan gelme siyahi bir ABD yurtta\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Demokratik Parti\u2019nin Ba\u015fkan aday\u0131d\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla, Kas\u0131m 2008\u2019de \u00e7o\u011funluktaki beyaz n\u00fcfusun da oyuyla ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilebilecektir.
\nAvustralya ve Kanada<\/strong> gibi \u00fclkelerde \u0131rk ve dil bask\u0131lar\u0131, RF, \u00f6zellikle de T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6rneklerinin tam tersine, tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve durum giderek, d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeyinde daha da iyiye gitmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kanada’da b\u00fct\u00fcn yerli dilleri devlet\u00e7e tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong> (bk. Anadili Sorunu, internet). Bu arada Afganistan, \u00c7in ve \u0130talya’da 10’ar adet resmi dil kabul edilmi\u015ftir, say\u0131 Almanya ve Avusturya’da 7’\u015fer, \u0130sve\u00e7’te 6, ABD’de 8, \u0130ngiltere’de 12, Filipinlerde 16, Hindistan’da 35’tir. Toplam 239 dil konu\u015fulan RF’nda ise say\u0131 38 idi, ama 10 \u00f6zerk okrugun yar\u0131s\u0131 \u015fimdiden tasfiye edildi\u011finden say\u0131 27\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (Bk. List of official languages by state,Russia,Wikipedia, internet.)
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bu olumlu geli\u015fmelere kar\u015f\u0131n, AC\u2019nde, \u201cYavuz h\u0131rs\u0131z ev sahibini bast\u0131r\u0131r” misali, y\u00f6re topraklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel halk\u0131 olan Adigelerin m\u00fcze konumundaki ve ku\u015fatma alt\u0131ndaki minyat\u00fcr devletini bile yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan; AC’ni Rus a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u201cil\u201de (Krasnodar Kray\u2019a) katma politikas\u0131 g\u00fcden, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan transfer, tehlikeli ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir e\u011filim, son derece utanmaz, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve gerici bir politik ak\u0131m s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00d6rnekleri RF d\u00fczeyinde de yayg\u0131n olan bu \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 hareketler (fa\u015fist dazlaklar, vb) durdurulmad\u0131klar\u0131nda ya da s\u0131rtlar\u0131 s\u0131vazlanmaya devam edildi\u011finde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de zaman zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Ermeni, Rum, Alevi, demokrat yazar ve ayd\u0131nlara, vb y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar) gibi, bir vir\u00fcs gibi yay\u0131larak, zaten zay\u0131f olan demokrasiyi b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn zehirleyecek, i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar bi\u00e7iminde RF\u2019ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeleri ve her taraf\u0131 sarabilecek ve Rusya\u2019y\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 Yugoslavya ya da Irak gibi bir cehenneme \u00e7evirebilecek ve bu i\u015ften en ba\u015fta da Ruslar\u0131n kendileri zararl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kabileceklerdir.
\n\u00d6nlem al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, \u00f6zellikle maddi \u00e7\u0131karlar da s\u00f6z konusu edildi\u011finde, az k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc, yoksul ve s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, dinci ve milliyet\u00e7i sald\u0131r\u0131lara y\u00f6nlendirilmeleri zor olan \u015feylerden de\u011fildir. Tarihte \u00f6rne\u011fi bol olan milliyet\u00e7i ya da dinci sald\u0131r\u0131, katliam ve gasplar bu kategorilerdendir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7ok maddi zenginli\u011fin temelinde de bu t\u00fcr katliamlar ve ya\u011fmalar yoluyla edinilen m\u00fclkler ve maddi kaynaklar yatmaktad\u0131r. En \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerden biri de 1864 y\u0131l\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda % 99 oran\u0131nda halk\u0131ndan temizlenmi\u015f ve ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015f olan 1864 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00c7erkesya<\/strong>\u2019s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n1992\u2019de Tahtamukay\u2019da, bir grup ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u201cSibirya ve Kazakistan\u2019dan getirilen\u201d ama i\u015f yeri, yak\u0131ndaki Krasnodar kentinde olan Rus yerle\u015fimciler i\u00e7in, geni\u015f Krasnodar topraklar\u0131nda de\u011fil de \u201cTahtamukay rayonunda konutlar in\u015fa edilmekte oldu\u011funu\u201d rayon ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nikolay Dem\u00e7uk’<\/strong>un kar\u015f\u0131lama brifingindeki konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f, bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcye de “Rayon ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 seviyor musunuz?” (\u0420\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d \u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u0443\u0438\u043a1\u0430\u0441\u0430?) diye sormu\u015ftum. K\u00f6yl\u00fc de, \u201c\u0130stemiyoruz, Ruslar\u0131 getirip rayonumuza yerle\u015ftiriyor\u201d (T\u044b\u0444\u044d\u044f\u0445\u044d\u043f, \u0443\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440e\u0449\u044d\u0445) diye yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Asl\u0131nda sorun, kaliteli ve demokrat bir ayd\u0131n oldu\u011fu ku\u015fkusuz olan Nikolay Dem\u00e7uk\u2019tan de\u011fil, Moskova\u2019daki Rus\u00e7u kesimlerden kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Yerel y\u00f6netim onca yetki ve paray\u0131 nereden bulacakt\u0131 ki? G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm AC Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Adam Tliuj<\/strong> da (\u041b1\u044b1\u0443\u0436\u044a\u0443 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c; \u015fimdi RF Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Rostov’daki \u201cG\u00fcney Federal Okrugu\u201d temsilcisinin AC’ndeki federal ba\u015f m\u00fcfetti\u015fi ve bilge bir ki\u015fidir) \u201cAdige olmayanlara oturma izni verilmedi\u011fini, Tahtamukay\u2019daki yerle\u015fmelerin de durduruldu\u011funu ama yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan yap\u0131lan yerle\u015fmeler oldu\u011funu” (\u0425\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u04421\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0445) s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. (Sordu\u011fum g\u00fcvenilir ve demokrat\u00a0 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bayan ise, “Burada y\u00f6netimin izni olmadan ku\u015f bile u\u00e7maz, kimse de bu topraklara yerle\u015femez. Her s\u00f6ylenene aldanma, her\u015feyi bilerek yap\u0131yorlar” demi\u015fti. Ancak o bayan, y\u00f6netim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 biriydi. Her \u015feye kar\u015f\u0131n, o s\u0131ralarda AC’nde s\u00f6m\u00fcrge tipi bir kolonizasyon politikas\u0131 uygulanmakta oldu\u011fu, yerel y\u00f6netimin ise,bu durumu gizlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 o zamanlar,geli\u015fimden \u00a0tam emin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve bir balay\u0131 d\u00f6nemi de ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ayr\u0131ca daha k\u00f6t\u00fc geli\u015fmelere de neden olmamas\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131yla ve \u015fimdiki kadar geni\u015f bir boyuta yay\u0131labilece\u011fini de ummad\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan, a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k yazmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ama gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm yerlere s\u00f6ylemekten de ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Dan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir ki\u015fi \u201cO evlerin hepsi sonunda bizim olacak\u201d, biri de \u201cBirka\u00e7 bin Rus yerle\u015fsin, o kadar da \u00f6nemli de\u011fil\u201d demi\u015fti.
\nBu arada Maykop’taki bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc de \u00f6zel olarak, “Maykop\u2019taki Ruslar politik”<\/strong> demekle yetinmi\u015fti. Yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131n ve kayg\u0131land\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131n hemen hepsi, maalesef zaman i\u00e7inde aynen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nBu arada AC\u2019nde yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollar\u0131n \u00e7oktan a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, ikircikli davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 155 bin 400 yerle\u015fimci olay\u0131n\u0131n gizlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, on y\u0131l sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fclerimiz ise, bu konuda hi\u00e7 de iyi bir s\u0131nav vermemi\u015f, geli\u015fmelerden diasporay\u0131 haberdar etmemi\u015flerdir. K\u00f6t\u00fc geli\u015fmeler gizlenerek de\u011fil, sergilenerek ve de\u015fifre edilerek etkisizle\u015ftirilebilir.
\nGetirilen bu yeni n\u00fcfus sayesinde, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu garantilenen Slaviyan (Rus) n\u00fcfus, \u201cSlaviyanlar Birli\u011fi\u201d<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131yor, \u201c\u00c7o\u011funluktaki Ruslar\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131ktaki Adigeler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekte olduklar\u0131\u201d gibisine \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 iddialar \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Asl\u0131nda, ortada olan\u0131, \u00e7irkin bir \u201ctezgah\u201dtan ba\u015fkas\u0131 de\u011fildi.
\nRF\u2019nda bug\u00fcn<\/strong>, Vladimir PUT\u0130N<\/strong> \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201cyurtta\u015fl\u0131\u011fa dayanan demokratik bir toplumun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 vard\u0131r<\/strong>. Dileriz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilirse, Adigelerin, b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgesel topluluklar\u0131n, t\u00fcm \u00a0RF halk\u0131n\u0131n ve herhalde her demokrat ki\u015finin isteyebilece\u011fi \u015fey de bu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> (Bk. “Jineps, Eyl\u00fcl 2006 Ek:1\u201d; Adige Halk Kongresi\u2019nin 21 May\u0131s 2006 g\u00fcnl\u00fc tarihsel karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi, s. 23.)<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nRayonun iki belde (kent) tipi yerle\u015fimi vard\u0131r: Yablonovsk<\/strong> (\u041a\u043e\u0449\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0431\u043b) ve Enem<\/strong> (\u0418\u043d\u044d\u043c). Okrug (bucak) birimleri de Af\u0131ps\u0131p, Kozet, \u015e\u0131ndj\u0131y, Bj\u0131hakoyej, Tahtamukay\u2019d\u0131r.
\nShapsughlar, aradaki kuzey-g\u00fcney do\u011frultulu eski Rus yerle\u015ftirme koridorunun bat\u0131s\u0131na, Bjedughlar da do\u011fusuna yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Anapa yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki<\/strong> Natuhay k\u00f6kenli Hatramtuk<\/strong> (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0443) k\u00f6y\u00fc de Anapa yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki yerinden kald\u0131r\u0131larak, 1924\u2019te, Natuhay k\u00f6y\u00fc ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Tahtamukay rayonunun Bjedugh y\u00f6resine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte stratejik nedenlerle Adige n\u00fcfusundan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u015fimdiki Shapsugh ve Bjedugh y\u00f6releri aras\u0131ndaki Krasnodar-Novorossiysk kara ve demiryolu hatt\u0131 (eski stratejik Rus koridoru) \u00fczerinde Yablonovsk (25 bin 063) ve Enem (17 bin 654) gibi Rus-Adige karma n\u00fcfuslu beldeler vard\u0131r. Bu son d\u00f6nemde, bu iki beldeye y\u00f6nelik Adige k\u00f6yl\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin yo\u011funla\u015fmaya, yeni semt ve yerle\u015fimler olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir. AC\u2019nde Krasnodar-Novorossiysk kara ve demiryolu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015f otoyollar yoktur.
\nAncak bir proje olarak, Krasnodar\u2019dan Maykop\u2019a, Maykop\u2019tan da Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Shapsughlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e (So\u00e7i) metropoliten alan\u0131nda, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u2019nin 10 km. kuzeyindeki \u201cT\u0131\u011fem\u0131ps\u201d<\/strong> (\u0422\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043f\u0441; Rus\u00e7a Dagom\u0131s) liman\u0131na uzanacak ve Adige b\u00f6lgesi ile yak\u0131n \u00e7evresini de kucaklayacak ve \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e (So\u00e7i) metropoliten alan\u0131 ile ekonomik ve turistik bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck olu\u015fturacak olan yeni bir otoyol yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> konusunda RF Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (\u015fimdi ba\u015fbakan)